Zahra Tanha Maafi | Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (original) (raw)

Papers by Zahra Tanha Maafi

Nematology, 2017

During a nematological survey of the family Tripylidae, two new and two known species of the genu... more During a nematological survey of the family Tripylidae, two new and two known species of the genusTripyla, namelyT. paraffinissp. n.,T. parafilicaudatasp. n.,T. glomeransandT. setifera, were identified and described from soil samples collected from the rhizosphere of forest trees in northern Iran. Three populations ofT. paraffinissp. n., found in different locations, are described and morphometric data of the type and other populations provided.Tripyla paraffinissp. n. is characterised by its body length of 1.21-1.89 mm, dorsal tooth wedge-shaped and triangular, short outer labial and cephalic sensilla, tail bent ventrad and gradually tapering to the end, horn-shaped spicules bearing a distinct constriction in the middle, and presence of 16-20 ventromedian supplementary papillae.Tripyla parafilicaudatasp. n. is described and illustrated from four different locations. It is characterised by females with a body length of 1.48-1.95 mm, dorsal tooth hook-shaped, vaginal wall with a downward pointing tooth-like projection in the middle, long outer labial and setiform cephalic sensilla, long tail, sausage-shaped spermatozoa, males with horn-shaped spicules and 11-17 ventromedian supplementary papillae.Tripyla glomeransandT. setiferaare new records for the Iranian nematofauna. The results of phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of the partial 18S and D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA fromT. paraffinissp. n. andT. parafilicaudatasp. n. and other species in the genus clearly support the proposal ofT. paraffinissp. n. andT. parafilicaudatasp. n. as new species, as well as indicating thatTripylashares a more recent common ancestor withTobrilus,Tripylella,Prismatolaimus,Diphtherophoraand two trichodorids,TrichodorusandParatrichodorus. The Tripylidae is placed in a main clade within the Triplonchida.

Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, Sep 1, 2017

To identify the Cereal Cyst Nematodes (CCN) and their distribution and population density in whea... more To identify the Cereal Cyst Nematodes (CCN) and their distribution and population density in wheat fields in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province based on interpolation by geographic information system, a total of 212 composite soil and root samples were randomly collected from different wheat fields of nine districts of the province during 2013-2014. The soil samples were explored for number of cysts, second-stage Juveniles (J2) and eggs. The species were identified based on morphological, morphometric and molecular characteristics. Analysis was performed by Arc GIS software using interpolation technique for determination of raster map. The results showed that 42% of soil samples were infested with Heterodera filipjevi containing an average of 994 eggs and J2 per 200 g of soil. The maximum infestation was observed in Dehsahra region in Lordegan district with an average of 4720 eggs and J2 per 200 g soil. Wheat fields of Kohrang, Kiyar and Farsan districts showed low population density while moderate infestation was observed in Ardal, Ben, Saman and Borujen districts. Instead high population density of H. filipjevi was found in Shahrekord and Lordegan. Based on interpolation of population density and interpolation maps, the eastern part of Shahrekord and southern and western parts of Lordegan districts were predicted as regions with high infestation to H. filipjevi and considered as hotspots for this disease.

Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 1996

Nematology, Jul 8, 2022

Among the recognised species groups of Heterodera, the Avenae group is one of the largest with a ... more Among the recognised species groups of Heterodera, the Avenae group is one of the largest with a total of 12 species. Ten of them, H. arenaria, H. aucklandica, H. australis, H. avenae, H. filipjevi, H. mani, H. pratensis, H. riparia, H. sturhani and H. ustinovi, are morphologically closely related and represent the H. avenae species complex, and the other two, H. hordecalis and H. latipons, are morphologically more distinct from this complex. In this study we provide comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of several hundred COI and ITS rRNA gene sequences from the Avenae group using Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and statistical parsimony. Some 220 COI and 11 ITS rRNA new gene sequences from 147 nematode populations collected in 26 countries were obtained in this study. Our study showed that the COI gene is a powerful DNA barcoding marker for identification of populations and species from the Avenae group. A putatively new cyst nematode species related to H. latipons was revealed from the analysis of COI and ITS rRNA gene datasets. COI gene sequences allow distinguishing H. arenaria, H. australis and H. sturhani from each other and other species. Problems of species delimiting of these species are discussed. The results of the analysis showed that COI haplotypes corresponded to certain pathotypes of the cereal cyst nematodes. It is recommended that information on COI haplotypes of studied populations be included in research with these nematodes. Based on the results of phylogeographical analysis and age estimation of clades with a molecular clock approach, it was hypothesised that several species of the Avenae group primarily originated and diversified in the Irano-Anatolian hotspot during the Pleistocene and Holocene periods and then dispersed from this region across the world. Different geographic barriers, centres and times of origin might explain current known distribution patterns for species of the Avenae group. Possible pathways, including a long distance transAtlantic dispersal, and secondary centres of diversification are proposed and discussed.

European Journal of Plant Pathology, Jun 19, 2014

ABSTRACT Several species of trichodorid nematodes cause economically important disease on plants.... more ABSTRACT Several species of trichodorid nematodes cause economically important disease on plants. Trichodorus comprises most of the trichodorid species. Trichodorus golestanensis n. sp. is described from a forest park in northern Iran. The new species belongs to the T. lusitanicus morpho-species group and is characterized in male by three ventromedian cervical papillae of which two at level of onchiostyle region, three ventromedian precloacal supplements, the posterior one just anterior to retracted spicules and ventrally curved spicules with mid-blade indentation provided with a few bristles. Females are distinguished by well developed triangular vaginal sclerotized pieces in lateral optical view, a rhomboid-shaped vagina and a transverse slit-like vulva in ventral view. Molecular analysis using the sequence of D2-D3 expansion segment of 28S rDNA differentiated the new species and confirmed the relationships of T. golestanensis n. sp. with T. andalusicus and T. asturanus. The sequences of D2-D3 regions were also provided for previous trichodorid records from Iran T. gilanensis, P. teres and N. minor together with discussion of their relationship.

Tripylella intermedia (Bütschli, 1873) Brzeski & Winiszewska-&... more Tripylella intermedia (Bütschli, 1873) Brzeski & Winiszewska-&Sacute;lipinska, 1993 (Figs 4‒6) Measurements. See Table 1. Description. Female. (n = 7). Body ventrally arcuate after heat relaxation (Figs 4 A; 5 A). Cuticle annulated, and lacks somatic setae and cervical setae on the body. Labial region rounded, 17.5 ± 1.0 (16–19) Μm wide, slightly narrower than the rest region. SEM and LM micrographs show (Figs 5 F; 6 A-C): three triangular lips, inner labial papillae short and conical, outer labial and cephalic setae in a single whorl; six longer setae (outer labial) 2.9 ± 0.2 (2.5 –3.0) Μm long, 16–19 % of head diameter long, more or less arcuate and directed anteriorly, four shorter setae (cephalic setae) 2.1 ± 0.2 (2.0– 2.5) Μm, 11–13 % of head diameter long, thinner than the long cephalic setae, more or less arcuate. Stoma with two chambers; dorsal tooth wedge-shaped, triangular and lying in posterior buccal chamber, one large subventral and a small subventral tooth, lying in posterior and anterior buccal chambers, respectively (Figs 4 C,D; 5 C). Amphidial aperture oval-shaped, 9–12 Μm from anterior end. Pharynx cylindrical, strongly muscular. Cardiac glands large, composed of six fused cells (Fig. 5 F). Coelomocytes not seen. Female genital system amphidelphic, gonad lying ventro-lateral to intestine, 240.9 ± 35.8 (185–279) Μm long. Distance between posterior end of pharynx and vulva 2.2–2.4 times longer than pharynx. Vulval lips not sclerotized, vagina short, less than one third of body diameter, S-shaped and directed towards anterior (Fig. 5 I). Vulva–anus distance about 2.3–2.6 tail length. Rectum about as long as anal body diameter (Fig. 5 K). Tail 121–155 Μm long, ventrally bent, anterior half broad and gradually tapered, then suddenly narrowed and posterior half tapered to a narrow cylindrical part (Figs 5 J; 6 F). Three caudal glands, spinneret small. Male. Not found. Habitat and locality. The studied specimens were extracted from mosses growing on alder trees in Gu [...]

Trischistoma abharensis n. sp. (Figs 1‒3) Measurements. See... more Trischistoma abharensis n. sp. (Figs 1‒3) Measurements. See Table 1. Material examined. Holotype female and two paratype females deposited in Nematode Collection of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran (slide no, N 4 – 1, N 4 – 2). Two paratype females deposited at the National Nematode Collection, New Zealand (NNCNZ). Description. Female (n = 9). Body slender, bent dorsad mainly in the posterior part after heat relaxation (Fig. 1 E). Cuticle very thin, 1–2 Μm thick, apparently smooth under light microscopy (LM) but fine transverse striations seen with SEM, with sparse somatic setae on the sublateral body. Labial region broadly rounded, slightly offset, 12.3 ± 0.5 (12–13) Μm diameter. SEM and LM micrographs (Figs 2 A,B; 3 A‒C) show: three triangular lips, labial papillae short and conical, outer labial and cephalic setae in two whorls, six longer setae (outer labial) 6.7 ± 0.4 (6.0– 7.5) Μm long, 50–58 % of head diameter long, more or less arcuate and directed anteriorly, four shorter setae (cephalic setae) 5.2 ± 0.3 (4.5–6) Μm, 38–46 % of head diameter long, thinner than the outer labial setae, more or less arcuate. Ventral cervical setae absent but a pair of thin sublateral setae placed at about half (51–59 %) the pharynx length (Fig. 1 C), 144 ± 7.4 (135–153) Μm from anterior end. Amphid small, calyciform, 18.5 ± 0.9 (18– 20) Μm from anterior end. Mouth cavity narrow, dorsal tooth distinct, 17.6 ± 1.1 (16–19) Μm from anterior end of body, subventral tooth not seen or difficult to observe. (Figs 1 A,B; 2 C). Pharynx cylindrical, strongly muscular. Cardia small, disc-like (Fig. 2 D). No glands between pharynx and intestine observed. Coelomocytes not seen. Genital tract mono-prodelphic, 332–397 Μm long, reflexed anteriorly, tip not reaching vulva. Distance between posterior end of pharynx and vulva 2.7 –3.0 times longer than pharynx. Vulval lips not sclerotized, vagina short, less than one third body diameter and surrounded by muscular tube (Fig. 2 F). Post-vu [...]

33th Symposium of the European Society of Nematologists, 2018

Russian Journal of Nematology, 2010

FIGURE 6. Scanning electron micrographs of Tripylella intermedia (Bütschli, 1873) Brzeski & Winis... more FIGURE 6. Scanning electron micrographs of Tripylella intermedia (Bütschli, 1873) Brzeski & Winiszewska-Ślipinska, 1993 (Female). A: Anterior body region, lateral view. B, C: Lip region, in face view. D: Vulva region in ventral view. E: Posterior body region, showing distance between vulva-anus. F: Tail. G: Spinneret. Abbreviations: AA = Amphidial aperture; LP = Labial papillae; OLS = Outer labial setae; CS = Cephalic setae; V = Vulva; A = Anus. (Scale bars: A‒D, = 2 Μm, E = 20 Μm, F, G = 5 Μm).

FIGURE 1. Line drawings of Trischistoma abharenis n. sp. (female). A, B: Anterior body region. C:... more FIGURE 1. Line drawings of Trischistoma abharenis n. sp. (female). A, B: Anterior body region. C: Pharyngeal region, ventral, showing pair of cervical seta. D: Pharyngeal region. E: Entire body. F: Tail. G: Genital region.

In this study, virulence of the culture broth of Photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata and its ... more In this study, virulence of the culture broth of Photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata and its aqueous and organic extracts were investigated for 3rd and 4th instars of Pieris brassicae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) larvae. Virulent efficacy was found in all the treatments. However, the culture broth of bacteria showed greater mortality effect. Also, this study presents the response of P. brassicae immune system factors, phenoloxidase, lysozyme and hemocytes, to infection by Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, its symbiotic bacteria and their aqueous and organic extracts. Results showed that after injecting infective juveniles (IJs) with phenoloxidase, specific activity was suppressed after primary increase. However, the phenoloxidase specific activity suppression was observed earlier after injecting P. temperata subsp. temperata, aqueous and organic extracts. Also, results indicate more phenoloxidase activity of 4th instars larvae in comparison with 3rd instars larvae, which can show higher...

Journal of Crop Protection, 2017

Pieris brassicae L. is one of the most important pests of Brassicaceae. The insecticidal effect o... more Pieris brassicae L. is one of the most important pests of Brassicaceae. The insecticidal effect of two entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema feltiae, was determined through their interaction with Beauveria bassiana and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk) against P. brassicae. In the interaction tests, the EPNs were applied at LC50 level 0, 12 or 24h after treating the larvae with LC10 or LC25 of the B. bassiana or Btk. The interaction between the EPNs and B. bassiana was entirely different from the interaction of the EPNs and Btk. The interaction with B. bassiana was dependant on time intervals, while the interaction of the EPNs with Btk was almost additive or synergistic. An antagonistic effect was seen when the EPNs were applied immediately after the B. bassiana. However, the application of the EPNs 24h after their treatment with B. bassiana caused additive or synergistic effects. The results also showed the best mortality effect...

Potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis was reported from potato fields of Bahar County in ... more Potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis was reported from potato fields of Bahar County in Hamadan Province in 2008. In order to determine the pathotype of potato cyst nematode, ten populations of potato cyst nematode were collected from different potato fields in Bahar regions. Species identification was based on the morphological and morphometric characters of second stage juveniles and cysts, and by using species- specific primers and nucleotide sequences of the D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA gene. Four potato cultivars viz Desiree, Marfona, Sante and Agria were used for pathotype determination, in pot experiments. The plants were treated by 6 ± 1 eggs and second stage juveniles and maintained in growth chambers at 18-22 °C for three months. Based on the results of resistance assessment and relative susceptibility of the tested cultivars the pathotype of the populations was determined as Ro1. The obtained sequences were compared through BLAST search from the NCBI ...

Soil samples were collected from rhizosphere of tomato and olive plants in Golestan, Gilan, Zanja... more Soil samples were collected from rhizosphere of tomato and olive plants in Golestan, Gilan, Zanjan and Qom provinces (Iran). Fluorescent pseudomonas bacterial strains were isolated on King’s B medium and their phenotypic features were characterized. For all tested strains production of fluorescent pigments on King’s B medium, arginine dihydrolase, growth at four and 41 oC and oxidase were positive. Most of them reduced nitrate and produced gelatinase but tobacco hypersensitivity reaction (HR), levan formation and pectinolytic activity on potato slices were negative for all. Filtrate liquid was obtained from 48 h culture of the fluorescent pseudomonas on King’s B broth medium. Nematicidal activity of the bacterial filtrate against fresh hatched Meloidogyn javanica juveniles was investigated under laboratory condition. Results indicated that above 60% of the tested strains showed nematicidal activity (>50% nematode mortality) under this condition. Efficacy of the representative of ...

Plant protection journal, 2014