Maria Sousa Galito | ISEG (original) (raw)

Papers by Maria Sousa Galito

The presentation proposes an approach to political economy and international relations. It begins... more The presentation proposes an approach to political economy and international relations. It begins by analyzing the main Portuguese macroeconomic indicators in the last years, taking into account internal weaknesses and the degree of external dependence. Afterwards, tries to assess national development on a globalized stage. It lists main current challenges from a geopolitical and geo-economic point of view and how difficult it is to face them. It also tests the hypothesis that Portugal is changing patterns, from crisis and loss of credibility to recovery, and some explanations are given to explain it.

O Boko Haram consta da lista de grupos terroristas da ONU, do Reino Unido e dos EUA. É um grupo v... more O Boko Haram consta da lista de grupos terroristas da ONU, do Reino Unido e dos EUA. É um grupo violento de origem nigeriana, responsável por atentados com elevadas causas materiais e humanas. O artigo avalia as suas principais características, propósitos, apoios financeiros e logísticos, e parcerias estratégicas.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Janus.net, 2014

Cheickna Bounajim Cissé wrote an article in Mars 2013 in the Journal Les Afriques N. º 237, sugge... more Cheickna Bounajim Cissé wrote an article in Mars 2013 in the Journal Les Afriques N. º 237, suggesting a new acronym, MANGANESE, for the nine African countries: Morocco, Angola, Namibia, Ghana, Algeria, Nigeria, Egypt, South Africa and Ethiopia. According to Cissé, this group of African nations will be the fastest growing states in the region over the next few years. The purpose of this article is to test the pertinence of the acronym, discuss the credibility and reliability of the future prospects of these countries by comparing selected socioeconomic and sociopolitical indicators based on the latest global rankings and trends. Likewise, the potential of Cissé's claim will be assessed, especially in relationship to drug trafficking and terrorism that may put their recent sustainability in danger now and in the future.

O Boko Haram consta da lista de grupos terroristas da ONU, do Reino Unido e dos EUA. E um grupo v... more O Boko Haram consta da lista de grupos terroristas da ONU, do Reino Unido e dos EUA. E um grupo violento de origem nigeriana, responsavel por atentados com elevadas causas materiais e humanas. O artigo avalia as suas principais caracteristicas, propositos, apoios financeiros e logisticos, e parcerias estrategicas.

Este WP centra a sua analise no Sahel e no Magreb, com o objectivo de avaliar se sao regioes em c... more Este WP centra a sua analise no Sahel e no Magreb, com o objectivo de avaliar se sao regioes em crise, se ha problemas comuns a afectar os paises que as compoem, se ha caracteristicas especificas que limitam o seu desenvolvimento, se os conflitos se justificam por questoes religiosas ou economicas, padroes culturais ou desafios proprios do terreno. O estudo e macro. Discute um contexto de Estados Frageis com elevada violencia, vulnerabilidade economico-social, lutas de poder ou pelos recursos naturais.

2 Introducao 3 Geopolitica do Ponto de Vista Conceptual 6 Geopolitica Portuguesa em Perspectiva 1... more 2 Introducao 3 Geopolitica do Ponto de Vista Conceptual 6 Geopolitica Portuguesa em Perspectiva 19 Geopolitica Portuguesa em Prospectiva 32 Conclusao 44 Bibliografia 47 Resumo Este projecto centra-se no presente e projecta-se no futuro com o objectivo de reflectir sobre os conceitos de geopolitica, de realismo e idealismo politicos. Estuda a geopolitica portuguesa no sentido amplo, mormente em contexto de crise nacional e internacional. E reflecte sobre os desafios que existem e mais se preveem para Portugal nos proximos anos, com o recurso a analise de cenarios geopoliticos prospectivos. Palavras-chave: geopolitica, Portugal, realismo politico, idealismo politico, UE. Abstract This project focuses on the present while projecting itself in the future, in order to reflect on the concept of geopolitics, realpolitik and political idealism. Studies Portuguese geopolitics in the broad sense, namely in the context of national and international crisis, and reflects on the challenges that e...

Journal of International Relations, 2015

ABSTRACT Se a História é cíclica e a globalização não é um fenómeno novo, há lições a tirar das c... more ABSTRACT Se a História é cíclica e a globalização não é um fenómeno novo, há lições a tirar das crises atuais, para ser possível visionar um futuro mais brilhante, até para Portugal. Estuda-se aqui o papel dos cidadãos nesta matéria. If History is cyclical and globalization is not a new phenomenon, there are lessons may be draw from the current crisis in order to envision a brighter future, even for POrtugal. The role of citizens in this area is studied here.

Vestals had political and religious power in ancient Rome. Their peaceful presence at the forum w... more Vestals had political and religious power in ancient Rome. Their peaceful presence at the forum was one of the first attempts (if not the first) in favor of gender equality or women’s empowerment in the public sphere. Vestals were virgin priestesses of a goddess that protected the walls of Rome with her perpetual fire, which was pure and had no statue. Their rituals were based on legends such as Amata or Rhea Silvia that, regardless of being true or not, were religious and cultural references for people's lives and should not be neglected, because they contain information that explains why the State respected the vestals and punished them so severely.

As origens dos romanos eram conflituosas e a Monarquia sofreu um golpe de Estado violento. Uma Re... more As origens dos romanos eram conflituosas e a Monarquia sofreu um golpe de Estado violento. Uma Republica autodestrutiva com regime bipartidario e eleicoes anuais altamente competitivas, abriu portas ao populismo, nada mais do que fumo do fogo da rivalidade entre optimates e populares.

Julius Caesar (JC) survived two civil wars: first, leaded by Cornelius Sulla and Gaius Marius; an... more Julius Caesar (JC) survived two civil wars: first, leaded by Cornelius Sulla and Gaius Marius; and second by himself and Pompeius Magnus. Until he was stabbed to death, at a senate session, in the Ides of March of 44 BC. JC has always been loved or hated, since he was alive and throughout History. He was a war hero, as many others. He was a patrician, among many. He was a roman Dictator, but not the only one. So what did he do exactly to get all this attention? Why did he stand out so much from the crowd? What did he represent? JC was a front-runner of his time, not a modern leader of the XXI century; and there are things not accepted today that were considered courageous or even extraordinary achievements back then. This text tries to explain why it’s important to focus on the man; on his life achievements before becoming the most powerful man in Rome; and why he stood out from every other man.

Democracy is about the power of people and women are majoritarian in society, therefore, they hav... more Democracy is about the power of people and women are majoritarian in society, therefore, they have been claiming for more rights and more representativeness in politics for a long time. After running for office, some have become political representatives only by merit and constant struggle. Others got their chance after the legalization of female quotas and targets. The system has gone a long way since ladies were recognized the right to vote. The evolution of women’s empowerment is the focus of this paper that tries to analyze the main characteristics, causes and effects of this process, based on theory and world references or statistics. Portugal was chosen as a case study for not being much researched or not sufficiently so far.

O populismo e um fenomeno politico que e dificil de definir e, portanto, de medir. Tanto e temido... more O populismo e um fenomeno politico que e dificil de definir e, portanto, de medir. Tanto e temido como glorificado e a sua teorizacao corre o risco de se transformar, em si, numa afirmacao politica. Em sociedades livres e democraticas, e importante definir as fronteiras entre o popular e o populismo. Com base numa critica construtiva, diferenciam-se comportamentos moderados, em prol da justica e da mobilidade social, de discursos extremistas baseados em ideologias antissistema e em programas difusos, supostamente em prol do povo, ou de uma versao homogenea e paternalista do mesmo.

ABSTRACT O ensaio tem como objetivo analisar a questão da cidadania em sociedades globalizadas, q... more ABSTRACT O ensaio tem como objetivo analisar a questão da cidadania em sociedades globalizadas, que aprendem a conviver com a diversidade cultural. Analisam-se as teorias comunitaristas, liberais e da Escola de Frankfurt. num contexto de direitos e liberdades culturais, discutem-se as perspetivas monoculturais, multiculturais e interculturais.

Terrorism is a threat in the Sahel region, where peoples and rulers seem to be losing control of ... more Terrorism is a threat in the Sahel region, where peoples and rulers seem to be losing control of the situation. Yet, the true origins of the instability are questionable. Ethnical conflicts and the religious differences, especially those related with the spreading of Islamic extremism among the local population, are two of the main reasons. This research paper analyzes different theories so as to attain some answers to these issues.

A Uniao Europeia (UE) tem sofrido varios ataques violentos. Este texto investiga a concetualizaca... more A Uniao Europeia (UE) tem sofrido varios ataques violentos. Este texto investiga a concetualizacao do terrorismo enquanto fenomeno politico, diferenciando-o de outros tipos de crime organizado, num contexto de ameacas regionais, que provem do Mediterrâneo, o jihadismo e suas consequencias na UE, sem esquecer questoes como a exclusao social relacionada com a atual crise migratoria, as reivindicacoes autonomicas dentro do bloco regional e o alastrar do populismo. Discute-se a Estrategia de Combate a Radicalizacao e ao Recrutamento para o Terrorismo da UE. Faz-se uma analise critica da Estrategia Europeia para a Ciberseguranca e da Nova Agenda Estrategica para 2019-2024 do Conselho Europeu no que concerne a luta antiterrorista.

The presentation proposes an approach to political economy and international relations. It begins... more The presentation proposes an approach to political economy and international relations. It begins by analyzing the main Portuguese macroeconomic indicators in the last years, taking into account internal weaknesses and the degree of external dependence. Afterwards, tries to assess national development on a globalized stage. It lists main current challenges from a geopolitical and geo-economic point of view and how difficult it is to face them. It also tests the hypothesis that Portugal is changing patterns, from crisis and loss of credibility to recovery, and some explanations are given to explain it.

O Boko Haram consta da lista de grupos terroristas da ONU, do Reino Unido e dos EUA. É um grupo v... more O Boko Haram consta da lista de grupos terroristas da ONU, do Reino Unido e dos EUA. É um grupo violento de origem nigeriana, responsável por atentados com elevadas causas materiais e humanas. O artigo avalia as suas principais características, propósitos, apoios financeiros e logísticos, e parcerias estratégicas.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Janus.net, 2014

Cheickna Bounajim Cissé wrote an article in Mars 2013 in the Journal Les Afriques N. º 237, sugge... more Cheickna Bounajim Cissé wrote an article in Mars 2013 in the Journal Les Afriques N. º 237, suggesting a new acronym, MANGANESE, for the nine African countries: Morocco, Angola, Namibia, Ghana, Algeria, Nigeria, Egypt, South Africa and Ethiopia. According to Cissé, this group of African nations will be the fastest growing states in the region over the next few years. The purpose of this article is to test the pertinence of the acronym, discuss the credibility and reliability of the future prospects of these countries by comparing selected socioeconomic and sociopolitical indicators based on the latest global rankings and trends. Likewise, the potential of Cissé's claim will be assessed, especially in relationship to drug trafficking and terrorism that may put their recent sustainability in danger now and in the future.

O Boko Haram consta da lista de grupos terroristas da ONU, do Reino Unido e dos EUA. E um grupo v... more O Boko Haram consta da lista de grupos terroristas da ONU, do Reino Unido e dos EUA. E um grupo violento de origem nigeriana, responsavel por atentados com elevadas causas materiais e humanas. O artigo avalia as suas principais caracteristicas, propositos, apoios financeiros e logisticos, e parcerias estrategicas.

Este WP centra a sua analise no Sahel e no Magreb, com o objectivo de avaliar se sao regioes em c... more Este WP centra a sua analise no Sahel e no Magreb, com o objectivo de avaliar se sao regioes em crise, se ha problemas comuns a afectar os paises que as compoem, se ha caracteristicas especificas que limitam o seu desenvolvimento, se os conflitos se justificam por questoes religiosas ou economicas, padroes culturais ou desafios proprios do terreno. O estudo e macro. Discute um contexto de Estados Frageis com elevada violencia, vulnerabilidade economico-social, lutas de poder ou pelos recursos naturais.

2 Introducao 3 Geopolitica do Ponto de Vista Conceptual 6 Geopolitica Portuguesa em Perspectiva 1... more 2 Introducao 3 Geopolitica do Ponto de Vista Conceptual 6 Geopolitica Portuguesa em Perspectiva 19 Geopolitica Portuguesa em Prospectiva 32 Conclusao 44 Bibliografia 47 Resumo Este projecto centra-se no presente e projecta-se no futuro com o objectivo de reflectir sobre os conceitos de geopolitica, de realismo e idealismo politicos. Estuda a geopolitica portuguesa no sentido amplo, mormente em contexto de crise nacional e internacional. E reflecte sobre os desafios que existem e mais se preveem para Portugal nos proximos anos, com o recurso a analise de cenarios geopoliticos prospectivos. Palavras-chave: geopolitica, Portugal, realismo politico, idealismo politico, UE. Abstract This project focuses on the present while projecting itself in the future, in order to reflect on the concept of geopolitics, realpolitik and political idealism. Studies Portuguese geopolitics in the broad sense, namely in the context of national and international crisis, and reflects on the challenges that e...

Journal of International Relations, 2015

ABSTRACT Se a História é cíclica e a globalização não é um fenómeno novo, há lições a tirar das c... more ABSTRACT Se a História é cíclica e a globalização não é um fenómeno novo, há lições a tirar das crises atuais, para ser possível visionar um futuro mais brilhante, até para Portugal. Estuda-se aqui o papel dos cidadãos nesta matéria. If History is cyclical and globalization is not a new phenomenon, there are lessons may be draw from the current crisis in order to envision a brighter future, even for POrtugal. The role of citizens in this area is studied here.

Vestals had political and religious power in ancient Rome. Their peaceful presence at the forum w... more Vestals had political and religious power in ancient Rome. Their peaceful presence at the forum was one of the first attempts (if not the first) in favor of gender equality or women’s empowerment in the public sphere. Vestals were virgin priestesses of a goddess that protected the walls of Rome with her perpetual fire, which was pure and had no statue. Their rituals were based on legends such as Amata or Rhea Silvia that, regardless of being true or not, were religious and cultural references for people's lives and should not be neglected, because they contain information that explains why the State respected the vestals and punished them so severely.

As origens dos romanos eram conflituosas e a Monarquia sofreu um golpe de Estado violento. Uma Re... more As origens dos romanos eram conflituosas e a Monarquia sofreu um golpe de Estado violento. Uma Republica autodestrutiva com regime bipartidario e eleicoes anuais altamente competitivas, abriu portas ao populismo, nada mais do que fumo do fogo da rivalidade entre optimates e populares.

Julius Caesar (JC) survived two civil wars: first, leaded by Cornelius Sulla and Gaius Marius; an... more Julius Caesar (JC) survived two civil wars: first, leaded by Cornelius Sulla and Gaius Marius; and second by himself and Pompeius Magnus. Until he was stabbed to death, at a senate session, in the Ides of March of 44 BC. JC has always been loved or hated, since he was alive and throughout History. He was a war hero, as many others. He was a patrician, among many. He was a roman Dictator, but not the only one. So what did he do exactly to get all this attention? Why did he stand out so much from the crowd? What did he represent? JC was a front-runner of his time, not a modern leader of the XXI century; and there are things not accepted today that were considered courageous or even extraordinary achievements back then. This text tries to explain why it’s important to focus on the man; on his life achievements before becoming the most powerful man in Rome; and why he stood out from every other man.

Democracy is about the power of people and women are majoritarian in society, therefore, they hav... more Democracy is about the power of people and women are majoritarian in society, therefore, they have been claiming for more rights and more representativeness in politics for a long time. After running for office, some have become political representatives only by merit and constant struggle. Others got their chance after the legalization of female quotas and targets. The system has gone a long way since ladies were recognized the right to vote. The evolution of women’s empowerment is the focus of this paper that tries to analyze the main characteristics, causes and effects of this process, based on theory and world references or statistics. Portugal was chosen as a case study for not being much researched or not sufficiently so far.

O populismo e um fenomeno politico que e dificil de definir e, portanto, de medir. Tanto e temido... more O populismo e um fenomeno politico que e dificil de definir e, portanto, de medir. Tanto e temido como glorificado e a sua teorizacao corre o risco de se transformar, em si, numa afirmacao politica. Em sociedades livres e democraticas, e importante definir as fronteiras entre o popular e o populismo. Com base numa critica construtiva, diferenciam-se comportamentos moderados, em prol da justica e da mobilidade social, de discursos extremistas baseados em ideologias antissistema e em programas difusos, supostamente em prol do povo, ou de uma versao homogenea e paternalista do mesmo.

ABSTRACT O ensaio tem como objetivo analisar a questão da cidadania em sociedades globalizadas, q... more ABSTRACT O ensaio tem como objetivo analisar a questão da cidadania em sociedades globalizadas, que aprendem a conviver com a diversidade cultural. Analisam-se as teorias comunitaristas, liberais e da Escola de Frankfurt. num contexto de direitos e liberdades culturais, discutem-se as perspetivas monoculturais, multiculturais e interculturais.

Terrorism is a threat in the Sahel region, where peoples and rulers seem to be losing control of ... more Terrorism is a threat in the Sahel region, where peoples and rulers seem to be losing control of the situation. Yet, the true origins of the instability are questionable. Ethnical conflicts and the religious differences, especially those related with the spreading of Islamic extremism among the local population, are two of the main reasons. This research paper analyzes different theories so as to attain some answers to these issues.

A Uniao Europeia (UE) tem sofrido varios ataques violentos. Este texto investiga a concetualizaca... more A Uniao Europeia (UE) tem sofrido varios ataques violentos. Este texto investiga a concetualizacao do terrorismo enquanto fenomeno politico, diferenciando-o de outros tipos de crime organizado, num contexto de ameacas regionais, que provem do Mediterrâneo, o jihadismo e suas consequencias na UE, sem esquecer questoes como a exclusao social relacionada com a atual crise migratoria, as reivindicacoes autonomicas dentro do bloco regional e o alastrar do populismo. Discute-se a Estrategia de Combate a Radicalizacao e ao Recrutamento para o Terrorismo da UE. Faz-se uma analise critica da Estrategia Europeia para a Ciberseguranca e da Nova Agenda Estrategica para 2019-2024 do Conselho Europeu no que concerne a luta antiterrorista.