Akram Louiz | Higher institut of maritime studies (original) (raw)

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The speed of light has been calculated by maxwell after fixing the electric and magnetic characte... more The speed of light has been calculated by maxwell after fixing the electric and magnetic characteristics of the source and of the empty space. However, the relativity of Einstein considers that the speed of light can only be constant for all observers thanks to the Michelson-Morley experiment. Actually, the biggest problem of theoretical physics is that Einstein's relativity is considered holy and sacred since it venerates the light. I am not saying that all physics must be wrong, but only a principle that Einstein and Lorentz and many others stated by fixing the light speed for all observers, which makes us study light in a very complicated and strange manner. I will start by explaining the disproof of Michelson-Morley experiment. My easy and simple article proves mathematically the obvious null result of Michelson-morley experiment. You will find the article by searching on Researchgate for : " The correct formulas of Michelson Morley Experiment".

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Drafts by Akram Louiz

Let's stay optimistic and believe that the logic and the modern mathematical tools can be enough ... more Let's stay optimistic and believe that the logic and the modern mathematical tools can be enough in order to develop solutions for any mathematical problem, especially the Collatz conjecture. We could use previous published short works in making a new approach in the study of the Collatz conjecture. This article proposes new results with easy tools and gives simple arithmetic statements which are equivalent to the proof of the famous Collatz conjecture. I hope that this article helps the lovers of sequences and number theory in understanding new aspects of this conjecture and I hope that even the scientists who only apply mathematics in their fields of study can use the results of this work.

This is a mathematical article that deals with the domain of complex numbers in order to present ... more This is a mathematical article that deals with the domain of complex numbers in order to present new results by using a complex function and studying its fixed points. The aim of this work is to propose new mathematical statements of complex numbers as a probable criterion that can be linked to Landau-Siegel Zeros. Hence, this is a good article to be read by specialists of Calculus and Analysis and even by the beginners of mathematics who want to improve their skills in the field of complex numbers.

This is a mathematical letter that uses easy tools in order to prove some interesting results abo... more This is a mathematical letter that uses easy tools in order to prove some interesting results about the Collatz conjecture. This short article carries on the efforts of the previous article about the Collatz conjecture which proves easily an interesting useful sequence with some other results by following a logical method. This work demonstrates also an interesting result which is the five only expressions of the numbers which respect the Collatz conjecture. This result may simplify many other demonstrations regarding the Collatz conjecture. Hence, I invite the readers to discover this content in order to make a new step towards the proof of this beautiful useful conjecture.

Theta Functions are not an easy subject of mathematics because new researches about this wide top... more Theta Functions are not an easy subject of mathematics because new researches about this wide topic are still being published regularly. The findings about Theta Functions lead directly to many applications in different fields of applied mathematics and help also to develop old interesting mathematical topics such as Poisson summation and Riemann Zeta Function. This work proves by using a previously demonstrated useful approximation that the rational inputs of Theta-3 Functions give only irrationals as outputs of these functions. The proof is very simple and I invite consequently even the students of mathematics to understand the demonstrations of this article.

Not only mathematicians are interested by unsolved problems and conjectures but also a high numbe... more Not only mathematicians are interested by unsolved problems and conjectures but also a high number of students of all fields who are eager to explore the depth of mathematics. Also, many mathematics problems are related to some problems of logic which we encounter in our daily life and this makes even people who are not scientists very interested by the meanings of the unsolved conjectures and by the possibilities of the solution. This short article about the Collatz conjecture uses easy mathematical tools and represents a fruit of my interest regarding the problems and riddles which mathematicians find complicated. I hope that other researchers can use the results of this article as a collaboration to solve this famous problem. The students may also find in this work an easy introduction to the meanings of the Collatz conjecture.

Motivated by the appearance of a previous article about the light in the very useful Book titled ... more Motivated by the appearance of a previous article about the light in the very useful Book titled the worldwide list of alternative theories and critics (edition 2023), I tried to propose this experiment that tries to trap light beams in a rotating environment. I presented also the related formulas in this work and I could even guess some recurrence relations if the trapped Light-Beam is reflected several times from the moving wall of mirrors. However, the work exposes a contradiction concerning the reflected light beams velocity vectors and this made us suspect the correctness of some formulas when dealing with moving mirrors. This proposed experiment is very interesting, but the most important are the remarks that can be made by observing the contradictions exposed in this article.

Thanks to my short studies about informatics, I present to you this mathematical proof that deals... more Thanks to my short studies about informatics, I present to you this mathematical proof that deals with the sets of P problems, NP-Complete problems and NP-Hard problems in order to prove new formulas about the cardinality of each group of problems and about the intersection of each one of these sets. This work uses logical considerations about the complexity of NP-Hard problems in order to prove a theorem about the complexity of problems that allows us to identify NP problems even if their algorithms have infinite time of execution. This work ends by proving that the set of NP-Problems is definitely bigger than the set of P-Problems. Hence, I invite all the readers to develop the results of this article and to present their opinions about the used considerations in this work.

Motivated by the fundamental presence of mathematics in all engineering and scientific fields, I ... more Motivated by the fundamental presence of mathematics in all engineering and scientific fields, I made this mathematical article in order to answer many of my personal questions which are also not answered questions in mathematics. This is a mathematical article that proves a new recurrence relation that is fundamental for mathematics. The article proves also that four infinite series are equivalent. Hence, this article opens new opportunities to demonstrate and develop new mathematical findings and observations. The demonstrated formulas of this article can also be very useful for all the fields that apply mathematics and especially infinite series and sums.

When the light photons bounce off a moving mirror, they react with its atoms to be reflected, con... more When the light photons bounce off a moving mirror, they react with its atoms to be reflected, consequently, the photons change their velocity vector after each impact depending on the velocity vector of the mirror and thus of the atom. The Michelson-Morley experiment was the event that changed the modern science about "the light" by leading to Lorentz and Einstein's theories about time. I made the formulas of the Michelson-Morley experiment by considering the effects of the reflection on the light and the rate (percentage) of fringe shift calculated by the formulas which I demonstrated is perfectly null. As a result, not all physics must be wrong, but only a principle that Einstein and Lorentz stated by fixing the light speed for all observers, which makes us study light in a very difficult way. The formulas demonstrated in this work allow us to study the light as a normal wave and to understand easily all the other light effects without being obliged to use any relativity of the time.

Now just ask yourself : why do you limit the velocities in our nature to the velocity of light C ... more Now just ask yourself : why do you limit the velocities in our nature to the velocity of light C ? And why a particle of light shouldn't have an ordinary mass even if the redshift or blueshift of light have been discovered. You can discover in my other work about the michelson morley experiment that the light can be studied easily like all the other waves. Actually, Einstein venerated the light by his theories and many scientists are doing the same by accepting them. This work makes a conclusion about Einstein's relativity after an easy study about Pound-Rebka experiment.

This work dates from January 2016 as a result of my remarks related to physics made during my hig... more This work dates from January 2016 as a result of my remarks related to physics made during my high studies. I try in this work to explain the cause behind the inability of Newtonian mechanics to describe correctly many phenomena where the studied object rotates at a very high linear speed. I proved that, in this case, the velocity field is not equiprojective and that the famous formula for changing the reference frame is not correct. I made an application to the case of the GPS system satellites, then I presented a new method for studying a rotating system velocity without needing the conventional steps of changing reference frames. I finished my work by demonstrating the formulas of the main differential operators and I presented them with all the related steps and calculations by using the elementary surfaces. I am eager to discuss the results of this work further with physics and mathematics specialists, and I hope that my formulas will help to simplify the study of many difficult physics phenomena.

When the light photons bounce off a moving mirror, they react with its atoms to be reflected, con... more When the light photons bounce off a moving mirror, they react with its atoms to be reflected, consequently, the photons change their velocity vector after each impact depending on the velocity vector of the mirror and thus of the atom. The Michelson-Morley experiment was the event that changed the modern science about "the light" by leading to Lorentz and Einstein's theories about time. I made the formulas of the Michelson-Morley experiment by considering the effects of the reflection on the light and The rate (percentage) of fringe shift calculated by the formulas which I demonstrated is perfectly null. As a result not all physics must be wrong ,but only a principle that Einstein and Lorentz stated by fixing the light speed for all observers, which makes us study light in a very difficult way. The formulas demonstrated in this work allow us to study the light as a normal wave and to understand easily all the other light effects without being obliged to use any relativity of the time.

Pure mathematics should be used very carefully when applying it to many fields that have special ... more Pure mathematics should be used very carefully when applying it to many fields that have special considerations and special axioms. I used a simple example of runners waiting for the start of a race. I concluded thanks to Riemann's definition of integrals that a runner can cheat in order to win. The demonstration in this paper is very simple but the analogy of the proposed example with many fields can make the researcher be careful when using the definition of Riemann for the integrals.

Papers by Akram Louiz

Journal of aircraft and spacecraft technology, 2024

Mathematical philosophy is built by defining logical concepts such as the concept of infinity and... more Mathematical philosophy is built by defining logical concepts such as the concept of infinity and the concept of continuity. Hence, mathematicians are not those who can calculate, but those who can understand the mathematical concepts and can develop them in order to make new mathematical findings or to transform an hypothesis into a philosophical truth. However, mathematicians are also alarmed scientists who can verify doubted formulas by disproving a mathematical proof or finding a counterexample. It is therefore false to think that mathematicians can't surprise nowadays with new findings. This is a mathematical demonstration and discussion concerning a special case of functions related to Theta Functions and it is a logical opportunity for those who study the summation of Poisson. This work starts by using a formula of Poisson in order to make a mathematical representation for the studied function then a new approximation of this case of functions is demonstrated. Furthermore, we discuss the consequences if this studied function gives only irrationals as outputs then we use the definition of the continuity of real functions in order to make a demonstration for the continuity of the same Function. Finally, the lovers of mathematics are invited to understand the demonstrations of this article and the discussions of the continuity contradictions in order to develop new findings related to Theta Functions and the summation of Poisson.

Universal Journal of Physics and Application

The development of the modern world is accelerating thanks to many scientific achievements of phy... more The development of the modern world is accelerating thanks to many scientific achievements of physics that are being applied in our technological fields. The optic fibers for example contributed in deploying the internet networks around the world and are considered the main current application of light in technologies. However, quantum devices are still considered not ready to be widely used by ordinary consumers, because studying the light has always been a very difficult task. Optics researches started from ancient philosophical and theological works and are still being developed by famous physics scientists as the main subject of their quantum physics experiments that can’t neglect even the principles of Einstein’s Relativity. And thus, motivated by the appearance of my previous article about the light in the very useful Book titled the "Worldwide List of Alternative Theories and Critics (edition 2023)", I proposed an experiment similar to Sagnac-disk by using moving concave mirrors in order to trap light beams in a rotating environment. I presented in this work the related formulas and I could even guess some recurrence relations if the trapped Light-Beam is reflected several times from the moving wall of mirrors. However, the work exposes a contradiction concerning the reflected light beams velocity vectors and this makes us suspect the correctness of some formulas of light reflection when dealing with concave mirrors. The aim of this article is to propose an experiment that can be very interesting since it can expose an interesting effect of the rotating mirrors on the light. The methodology of the developed formulae is simplified by using mathematical and geometric demonstrations without needing any complicated results from the background of other published articles. However, the observed contradictions about concave mirrors that are exposed in this article should be studied experimentally in order to deduce the correct formulas before performing the experiment of the disk of rotating concave mirrors in the laboratories. Hence, this is a basis that would make this interesting experiment succeed in order to observe all the effects of moving concave mirrors on the light.

Thanks to my short studies about informatics, I present to you this mathematical proof that deals... more Thanks to my short studies about informatics, I present to you this mathematical proof that deals with the sets of P problems, NP-Complete problems and NP-Hard problems in order to prove new formulas about the cardinality of each group of problems and about the intersection of each one of these sets. This work uses logical considerations about the complexity of NP-Hard problems in order to provea theoremabout the complexity ofproblems that allows us to identify NP problems even if their algorithms have infinite time of execution. This work ends by proving that the set of NP-Problems is definitely bigger than the set of P-Problems. Hence, I invite all the readers to develop the results of this article and to present their opinions about the used considerations in this work.

The field of informatics is the domain that emerged by applying the mathematical logic on electro... more The field of informatics is the domain that emerged by applying the mathematical logic on electronic devices called computers in order to simplify many tasks for humans. The application of informatics in all economic and scientific areas is the most important factor that made our civilization reach our current phase of development. Nowadays, the experts and even the beginners of informatics are eager to use quantum computers. However, there is still an unsolved problem of classical theoretical informatics in ordinary electronic computers. It is the famous philosophical problem of the "Millenium Prize" of the Clay Mathematics Institute concerning the complexity of problems that has been treated by many other researchers but without acceptable sufficient answers. A solution to this problem can make all the fields based on informatics make huge progress. And thus, thanks to my short studies about informatics, I present to you this mathematical proof that deals with the sets of P problems, NP-Complete problems and NP-Hard problems in the field of classical electronic computers in order to prove new formulas about the cardinals of each group of complexity problems and about the intersections of each one of these sets. The aim is to contribute to an acceptable solution for this Millenium Problem and the methodology is purely logical and mathematical. The readers won't need any complicated notions from the background of previous informatics or mathematics research in order to understand the demonstrations of this article since the proof is based only on notions of sets by starting with easy logical considerations. Furthermore, you will find in this work a proof of an interesting theorem about the complexity of problems that allows us to identify NP-problems even if their algorithms have infinite time of execution. This paper ends by proving that the set of NP-Problems is definitely bigger than the set of P-Problems. Hence, all the readers are invited to understand and develop this work by inspecting the applied logical considerations in order to succeed in finding a sufficient solution to the interesting Millenium Problem of complexity.

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When the light photons bounce off a moving mirror, they react with its atoms to be reflected, con... more When the light photons bounce off a moving mirror, they react with its atoms to be reflected, consequently, the photons change their velocity vector after each impact depending on the velocity vector of the mirror and thus of the atom. The Michelson-Morley experiment was the event that changed the modern science about "the light" by leading to Lorentz and Einstein's theories about time. I made the formulas of the Michelson-Morley experiment by considering the effects of the reflection on the light and The rate (percentage) of fringe shift calculated by the formulas which I demonstrated is perfectly null. As a result not all physics must be wrong ,but only a principle that Einstein and Lorentz stated by fixing the light speed for all observers, which makes us study light in a very difficult way. The formulas demonstrated in this work allow us to study the light as a normal wave and to understand easily all the other light effects without being obliged to use any relativity of the time.

Journal of aircraft and spacecraft technology, 2024

Universal Journal of Physics and Application

Thanks to my short studies about informatics, I present to you this mathematical proof that deals... more Thanks to my short studies about informatics, I present to you this mathematical proof that deals with the sets of P problems, NP-Complete problems and NP-Hard problems in order to prove new formulas about the cardinality of each group of problems and about the intersection of each one of these sets. This work uses logical considerations about the complexity of NP-Hard problems in order to provea theoremabout the complexity ofproblems that allows us to identify NP problems even if their algorithms have infinite time of execution. This work ends by proving that the set of NP-Problems is definitely bigger than the set of P-Problems. Hence, I invite all the readers to develop the results of this article and to present their opinions about the used considerations in this work.

Pure mathematics should be used very carefully when applying it to many fields that have special ... more Pure mathematics should be used very carefully when applying it to many fields that have special considerations and special axioms. I used a simple example of runners waiting for the start of a race. I concluded thanks to Riemann's definition of integrals that a runner can cheat if he has time in order to win. The demonstration in this paper is very simple but the analogy of the proposed example with many fields can make the researcher be careful when using the definition of Riemann for the integrals.

Engines are nowadays mandatory for the domestic as for the industrial use. However, they need eno... more Engines are nowadays mandatory for the domestic as for the industrial use. However, they need enough control and maintenance in order to make their usefulness last longer. Some works have been done for this purpose but they all propose mechanisms and methods that consume a big amount of useful energy from the engine and thus stops it from being operational during the control, and thus, these studies can’t allow to test continuously the operation of the used engine. Other works propose thermodynamic experiments that are too expensive and difficult to be done in order to provide the characteristics of engines. However, the equations of real gases can only be approximate and the studied gases can’t be considered ideal gases at the high pressures inside engines. This paper proposes new accurate formulas and methods to detect cylinders problems by allowing a continuous control of each cylinder brake work without consuming any energy from the operating engine. This work proposes also a ne...

Universal Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2019

Engines are nowadays mandatory for the domestic as for the industrial use. However, they need eno... more Engines are nowadays mandatory for the domestic as for the industrial use. However, they need enough control and maintenance in order to make their usefulness last longer. Some works have been done for this purpose but they all propose mechanisms and methods that consume a big amount of useful energy from the engine and thus stops it from being operational during the control, and thus, these studies can't allow to test continuously the operation of the used engine. Other works propose thermodynamic experiments that are too expensive and difficult to be done in order to provide the characteristics of engines. However, the equations of real gases can only be approximate and the studied gases can't be considered ideal gases at the high pressures inside engines. This paper proposes new accurate formulas and methods to detect cylinders problems by allowing a continuous control of each cylinder brake work without consuming any energy from the operating engine. This work proposes also a new mechanism to measure the availability of each cylinder of the studied engine and thus introduces a new method to test the second law efficiency for the engine. This work explains also and proves all the formulas and methods after a modeling of the connecting rod and crankshaft operation. Consequently, this is a very useful work for the simulations of engine experts as for the simple understanding of beginners.

In many industrial fields, there is an ever growing market demand for highly profitable engines. ... more In many industrial fields, there is an ever growing market demand for highly profitable engines. This fact encouraged to produce very developed engine parts, namely sophisticated injection systems. Consequently, the electronically enhanced injection systems are becoming very widespread for their high efficiency and cause the mechanical automatic systems to be neglected without enough studies. However, the electronically commanded injection is difficult to maintain because of the risks of short-circuits, and it is also difficult and expensive to repair since its captors are in high pressure and temperature areas. This paper aims to introduce a mathematical study of the basic direct injection operation by proving formulas representing forces, velocities and the energy involved in the injection mechanical mechanism without any electronic or computational complications. This theoretical mathematical modeling is useful for the efficiency experimental studies in order to improve the manufacturing and maintenance of all direct injection systems.