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Backchannel forms and functions in context and culture: The use of backchannels in Arab media discourse, 2024
Forms and functions of verbal backchannels, that is, short tokens such as uh-huh, yeah, and mhm u... more Forms and functions of verbal backchannels, that is, short tokens such as uh-huh, yeah, and mhm uttered by a listener to the main speaker-have been widely investigated in conversation analysis. Few studies have examined the use of backchannels in Arabic culture, particularly in the context of media discourse. This study stresses the importance of contextualizing the forms and functions of backchannels. Five Arabic television discussions were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively to determine the used forms and functions of backchannels. The findings demonstrated that backchannels were used mainly by presenters, and rarely by guests, as they control interactions. The results further revealed that, similar to other cultures and contexts, non-lexical backchannels were most frequently used because of their minimal interference in the discourse of the main speakers. A major finding of this study is the presenters' use of tayeb in Arabic, which is equivalent to alright in English, to regain the floor from the guest speaker and change the topic to address
Artifcial intelligence-generated Arabic subtitles: insights from Veed.io’s automatic speech recognition system of Jordanian Arabic, 2024
This work is licensed under a "CC BY 4.0" license. c b Artificial intelligence-generated Arabic s... more This work is licensed under a "CC BY 4.0" license. c b Artificial intelligence-generated Arabic subtitles: insights from Veed.io's automatic speech recognition system of Jordanian Arabic Legendas em árabe geradas por inteligência artificial: insights do sistema de reconhecimento automático de fala do árabe jordaniano da Veed.io
Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication, 2023
Subtitling involves constraints about differences between cultures. This requires a set of transl... more Subtitling involves constraints about differences between cultures. This requires a set of translation strategies, especially when subtitling from relatively conservative to more liberal cultures. This study explores subtitlers' strategies when translating the Jordanian Arabic vernacular series Jinn into English. Jinn has been selected because it's Netflix's first Arabic-Jordanian series containing explicit scenes and inappropriate language. Further culture-bound expressions were classified according to their connotative functions. The findings demonstrated that subtitlers used various strategies to render culture-bound expressions from Arabic into English. These include translating the source culture taboo to a target culture taboo of the same, higher or lower intensity levels. The findings also revealed that 'unfriendly suggestions' and 'noun supports' were the most frequently targeted connotative functions of the swear words. The research recommends additional studies on subtitling movies and series cross-culture.
Given the conservative nature of Arab societies, Vladimir Nabokov's English novel Lolita (1955) p... more Given the conservative nature of Arab societies, Vladimir Nabokov's English novel Lolita (1955) poses considerable challenges to Arab translators because of its pornographic nature and controversial themes: pedophilia, incest, and young teenage sex. This study mainly examines the translation of Lolita by Mola with occasional references to Jubaili's translation of the novel. It also investigates the translation strategies employed by the two translators. The findings showed that Jubaili followed the literal approach of translation with no significant deviation from the novel's themes and characterization. On the other hand, Mola dysphemized the expressions and eroticized the events, which were more euphemistic in the original. Mola's utilization of some translation strategies such as omission, addition, and substitution affected the representation of the main characters, namely, Humbert (stepfather) and Lolita (stepdaughter), by shifting their roles as victim and victimizer, making Humbert's actions less culpable, and removing any traces of Lolita's innocence. In so doing, Mola reinforces sexual norms for young American women and diminishes the pedophile/incest angle. This study is significant, particularly within the context of translators' training and for those interested in literary translation.
ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and lead... more ABSTRACT
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership criteria of school principals in Al-Ahsaa Governorate, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The sample of the study consisted of (42) randomly picked school principals. To achieve the objectives of the study, two questionnaires were carried out to assess the emotional intelligence and leadership criteria. The results of the study indicated that there is statistically significant positive relationship (α= 0.05) between the components of emotional intelligence and emotional intelligence as a whole as well as the components of leadership criteria and leadership as a whole. The averages of emotional intelligence values among the principals were high, with a mean of (4.06) and standard deviation of (0.55). The averages of leadership traits values among principals were great, with a mean of (4.11) and standard deviation of (0.53). Examining the averages of emotional intelligence levels among principals, based on degree and experience variables using Scheffe test and analyses of variance showed statistically significant differences between the averages of the sample components of emotional intelligence as a whole due to the examined variables. Testing the average calculations of leadership traits levels according to the degree and experience variables using analysis of
variance also showed statistically significant differences due to both variables. Finally, the study recommended that a safe and attractive environment must be provided for all school staff, due to its importance in the development and auspices of leadership criteria and emotional intelligence. Key Words: Emotional Intelligence, Leadership Traits
The Jordanian Ministry of Higher Education has recently released general guidelines for universit... more The Jordanian Ministry of Higher Education has recently released general guidelines for universities to adhere to in online education. Applying a student-centered approach in online learning was highly stressed in the ministry's guidelines. In response to the ministry's vision, the present study aims at investigating the effectiveness of online education in promoting student-centered learning at three Jordanian universities (two private and one public). One hundred and nine translation senior students were surveyed on their perception of the application of a student-centered approach in the translator training programs. The questionnaires were designed in open format items on which respondents were required to comment freely. However, data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. As the ratio of male students to female students in the programs is almost 3:7, the responses received from female students were almost three-folds the responses received from male students. The results of the study revealed that male and female students responded positively on four of the seven questioned aspects and negatively on three of them, with no gender-based statistically significant difference in the responses. The positive perceptions in online learning pertain to autonomy and responsibility, translation authentic projects, absence of teacher-centered learning and reflection of students on their own learning, while the drawbacks were reflected in areas related to teamwork, peer review, and time management.
English instruction has developed into a crucial component of the educational system, requiring s... more English instruction has developed into a crucial component of the educational system, requiring specific attention to provide a high-quality education. This significance necessitates a high level of attention from policymakers and researchers. The current study investigates the impact of the English teaching experience, the teaching-learning environment, and the availability of teachers' resources on the quality of English instruction in Jordanian public schools. Additionally, the research examines the moderating effect of institutional support on the relationships between the teachinglearning environment, the availability of teachers' resources, and the quality of English instruction in Jordanian public schools. Questionnaires collected primary data, and the data were processed using smart-PLS. The findings indicated that English teaching experience, the teaching-learning environment, and teacher resources are all positively associated with the quality of English instruction. Additionally, the findings indicate that institutional support considerably modifies the relationship between teacher resource availability and the quality of English instruction in Jordanian public schools. This page serves as a reference for policymakers as they develop legislation to increase the quality of English instruction.
TRANSLATING INTERTEXTUALITY AS INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION A CASE STUDY, 2018
Abstract Intertextuality refers to the textual space where texts intersect and new (hyper)texts e... more Abstract
Intertextuality refers to the textual space where texts intersect and new (hyper)texts emerge. It is the shaping of a text’s meaning by other (inter)texts present in it. As a literary device taking forms like allusion, quotation, pastiche, translation, etc., it depends on the presupposition of the presence of intertexts (or hypotexts) in (hyper)texts and on the reader’s recognition of such presence. For the recognition of intertexts, authors usually rely on shared cultural knowledge with the reader. The presence of intertexts in a text can either open it to interpretations or direct the reader towards a one in particular. If such recognition can possibly be missed intraculturally, the possibility is doubled when the reading is intercultural, as in translation. To minimize the loss of the intertextual context of the source text (ST), translators adopt certain translation strategies (such as analogous intertexts, paratextual devices, and exegetical translation) that ensure such context is relayed into the target text (TT) and recognized by the target reader. While the semantic equivalence can neutralize the linguistic difference, relaying the intertextual relations in the ST remains the daunting problem encountered by the translator.
v
I argue in this dissertation that intertexts, particularly Quranic references, in the Arabic novel are a source of semantic density and pose a considerable challenge to the translator. Since semantic equivalence alone does not guarantee that the ST intertextual relations are maintained in the TT, a synthesis of other translation strategies is required to relay the ST intertextual relation into the TT. Drawing on Kristeva’s (1986) ‘vertical intertextuality,’ Fairclough’s ‘manifest intertextuality’ (Momani et al., 2010), Derrida’s ‘iterability’ and ‘citationality’ (Alfaro, 1996), Bakhtin’s ‘reaccentuation’ or ‘double-voicing’ (Kristeva, 1986), I opted for paratextual devices to ensure that the TT reader will capture those relations. Bracketed explanations were used extremely economically to avoid producing an enlarged translation.
Backchannel forms and functions in context and culture: The use of backchannels in Arab media discourse, 2024
Forms and functions of verbal backchannels, that is, short tokens such as uh-huh, yeah, and mhm u... more Forms and functions of verbal backchannels, that is, short tokens such as uh-huh, yeah, and mhm uttered by a listener to the main speaker-have been widely investigated in conversation analysis. Few studies have examined the use of backchannels in Arabic culture, particularly in the context of media discourse. This study stresses the importance of contextualizing the forms and functions of backchannels. Five Arabic television discussions were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively to determine the used forms and functions of backchannels. The findings demonstrated that backchannels were used mainly by presenters, and rarely by guests, as they control interactions. The results further revealed that, similar to other cultures and contexts, non-lexical backchannels were most frequently used because of their minimal interference in the discourse of the main speakers. A major finding of this study is the presenters' use of tayeb in Arabic, which is equivalent to alright in English, to regain the floor from the guest speaker and change the topic to address
Artifcial intelligence-generated Arabic subtitles: insights from Veed.io’s automatic speech recognition system of Jordanian Arabic, 2024
This work is licensed under a "CC BY 4.0" license. c b Artificial intelligence-generated Arabic s... more This work is licensed under a "CC BY 4.0" license. c b Artificial intelligence-generated Arabic subtitles: insights from Veed.io's automatic speech recognition system of Jordanian Arabic Legendas em árabe geradas por inteligência artificial: insights do sistema de reconhecimento automático de fala do árabe jordaniano da Veed.io
Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication, 2023
Subtitling involves constraints about differences between cultures. This requires a set of transl... more Subtitling involves constraints about differences between cultures. This requires a set of translation strategies, especially when subtitling from relatively conservative to more liberal cultures. This study explores subtitlers' strategies when translating the Jordanian Arabic vernacular series Jinn into English. Jinn has been selected because it's Netflix's first Arabic-Jordanian series containing explicit scenes and inappropriate language. Further culture-bound expressions were classified according to their connotative functions. The findings demonstrated that subtitlers used various strategies to render culture-bound expressions from Arabic into English. These include translating the source culture taboo to a target culture taboo of the same, higher or lower intensity levels. The findings also revealed that 'unfriendly suggestions' and 'noun supports' were the most frequently targeted connotative functions of the swear words. The research recommends additional studies on subtitling movies and series cross-culture.
Given the conservative nature of Arab societies, Vladimir Nabokov's English novel Lolita (1955) p... more Given the conservative nature of Arab societies, Vladimir Nabokov's English novel Lolita (1955) poses considerable challenges to Arab translators because of its pornographic nature and controversial themes: pedophilia, incest, and young teenage sex. This study mainly examines the translation of Lolita by Mola with occasional references to Jubaili's translation of the novel. It also investigates the translation strategies employed by the two translators. The findings showed that Jubaili followed the literal approach of translation with no significant deviation from the novel's themes and characterization. On the other hand, Mola dysphemized the expressions and eroticized the events, which were more euphemistic in the original. Mola's utilization of some translation strategies such as omission, addition, and substitution affected the representation of the main characters, namely, Humbert (stepfather) and Lolita (stepdaughter), by shifting their roles as victim and victimizer, making Humbert's actions less culpable, and removing any traces of Lolita's innocence. In so doing, Mola reinforces sexual norms for young American women and diminishes the pedophile/incest angle. This study is significant, particularly within the context of translators' training and for those interested in literary translation.
ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and lead... more ABSTRACT
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership criteria of school principals in Al-Ahsaa Governorate, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The sample of the study consisted of (42) randomly picked school principals. To achieve the objectives of the study, two questionnaires were carried out to assess the emotional intelligence and leadership criteria. The results of the study indicated that there is statistically significant positive relationship (α= 0.05) between the components of emotional intelligence and emotional intelligence as a whole as well as the components of leadership criteria and leadership as a whole. The averages of emotional intelligence values among the principals were high, with a mean of (4.06) and standard deviation of (0.55). The averages of leadership traits values among principals were great, with a mean of (4.11) and standard deviation of (0.53). Examining the averages of emotional intelligence levels among principals, based on degree and experience variables using Scheffe test and analyses of variance showed statistically significant differences between the averages of the sample components of emotional intelligence as a whole due to the examined variables. Testing the average calculations of leadership traits levels according to the degree and experience variables using analysis of
variance also showed statistically significant differences due to both variables. Finally, the study recommended that a safe and attractive environment must be provided for all school staff, due to its importance in the development and auspices of leadership criteria and emotional intelligence. Key Words: Emotional Intelligence, Leadership Traits
The Jordanian Ministry of Higher Education has recently released general guidelines for universit... more The Jordanian Ministry of Higher Education has recently released general guidelines for universities to adhere to in online education. Applying a student-centered approach in online learning was highly stressed in the ministry's guidelines. In response to the ministry's vision, the present study aims at investigating the effectiveness of online education in promoting student-centered learning at three Jordanian universities (two private and one public). One hundred and nine translation senior students were surveyed on their perception of the application of a student-centered approach in the translator training programs. The questionnaires were designed in open format items on which respondents were required to comment freely. However, data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. As the ratio of male students to female students in the programs is almost 3:7, the responses received from female students were almost three-folds the responses received from male students. The results of the study revealed that male and female students responded positively on four of the seven questioned aspects and negatively on three of them, with no gender-based statistically significant difference in the responses. The positive perceptions in online learning pertain to autonomy and responsibility, translation authentic projects, absence of teacher-centered learning and reflection of students on their own learning, while the drawbacks were reflected in areas related to teamwork, peer review, and time management.
English instruction has developed into a crucial component of the educational system, requiring s... more English instruction has developed into a crucial component of the educational system, requiring specific attention to provide a high-quality education. This significance necessitates a high level of attention from policymakers and researchers. The current study investigates the impact of the English teaching experience, the teaching-learning environment, and the availability of teachers' resources on the quality of English instruction in Jordanian public schools. Additionally, the research examines the moderating effect of institutional support on the relationships between the teachinglearning environment, the availability of teachers' resources, and the quality of English instruction in Jordanian public schools. Questionnaires collected primary data, and the data were processed using smart-PLS. The findings indicated that English teaching experience, the teaching-learning environment, and teacher resources are all positively associated with the quality of English instruction. Additionally, the findings indicate that institutional support considerably modifies the relationship between teacher resource availability and the quality of English instruction in Jordanian public schools. This page serves as a reference for policymakers as they develop legislation to increase the quality of English instruction.
TRANSLATING INTERTEXTUALITY AS INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION A CASE STUDY, 2018
Abstract Intertextuality refers to the textual space where texts intersect and new (hyper)texts e... more Abstract
Intertextuality refers to the textual space where texts intersect and new (hyper)texts emerge. It is the shaping of a text’s meaning by other (inter)texts present in it. As a literary device taking forms like allusion, quotation, pastiche, translation, etc., it depends on the presupposition of the presence of intertexts (or hypotexts) in (hyper)texts and on the reader’s recognition of such presence. For the recognition of intertexts, authors usually rely on shared cultural knowledge with the reader. The presence of intertexts in a text can either open it to interpretations or direct the reader towards a one in particular. If such recognition can possibly be missed intraculturally, the possibility is doubled when the reading is intercultural, as in translation. To minimize the loss of the intertextual context of the source text (ST), translators adopt certain translation strategies (such as analogous intertexts, paratextual devices, and exegetical translation) that ensure such context is relayed into the target text (TT) and recognized by the target reader. While the semantic equivalence can neutralize the linguistic difference, relaying the intertextual relations in the ST remains the daunting problem encountered by the translator.
v
I argue in this dissertation that intertexts, particularly Quranic references, in the Arabic novel are a source of semantic density and pose a considerable challenge to the translator. Since semantic equivalence alone does not guarantee that the ST intertextual relations are maintained in the TT, a synthesis of other translation strategies is required to relay the ST intertextual relation into the TT. Drawing on Kristeva’s (1986) ‘vertical intertextuality,’ Fairclough’s ‘manifest intertextuality’ (Momani et al., 2010), Derrida’s ‘iterability’ and ‘citationality’ (Alfaro, 1996), Bakhtin’s ‘reaccentuation’ or ‘double-voicing’ (Kristeva, 1986), I opted for paratextual devices to ensure that the TT reader will capture those relations. Bracketed explanations were used extremely economically to avoid producing an enlarged translation.