Ali Emre Arslan | Istanbul University (original) (raw)

Political Psychology by Ali Emre Arslan

Sociology by Ali Emre Arslan

Culture and Society Humans are social creatures. Neither society or culture could exist without t... more Culture and Society Humans are social creatures. Neither society or culture could exist without the order. People acquired common habits by living together. Society: Refers to a group of people who share a common territory and culture. It encompasses the norms, values, customs, traditions, institutions, and relationships that characterize a particular community. Elements of Culture Value refers to the standards that members of the culture hold in high regard. Norms are behaviors that reflect conformity to what societies define as good, right, and important. Most individuals comply with them. Laws are formal norms. For example, private property is very important in the USA, so it is formal norm. Symbols help people understand the world and provide communication methods. Language is a system using symbols through which people communicate and culture exists. Many sociologists believe that language can have a broad impact on perception. Are We Shaped by Biology or Culture ? Biologists emphasize biology but sociologists emphasize importance of role of learning and culture. Sociobiology argue that genes influence physical traits. Sociologists acknowledge that biology helps shape behaviors but if biology were all-important, cultures would be similar or identical.

Politic History by Ali Emre Arslan

International Relations by Ali Emre Arslan

War is a conflict between political groups, historically mostly between states. However, recently... more War is a conflict between political groups, historically mostly between states. However, recently, there has been a shift towards more civil wars and conflicts involving non-state actors like guerrilla groups and terrorist organizations. Interstate wars (between states) have become less common. They've been replaced by civil wars and conflicts within a single state. War may have an official or semi-legal character. This means that declaring a state of war does not always mean direct hostilities. Declaration of war may have diplomatic or legal procedures. Post-Cold War, 'new' wars emerged within states, marked by ethnic tensions, advanced military tech, and non-state actors like terrorists.

There are two types of "nuclear proliferation". These are horizontal and vertical. Horizontal nuc... more There are two types of "nuclear proliferation". These are horizontal and vertical. Horizontal nuclear proliferation involves the spread of nuclear weapons to new entities, including the materials and technology needed to create them. This may include nation states or non-state actors that did not previously have such capabilities. Vertical proliferation, on the other hand, occurs when a nation state with existing nuclear weapons enriches its arsenal. This could include increasing the number, diversity, or reliability of nuclear missiles or submarines.

Migration is the movement of people from one place to another. It can happen within a country (do... more Migration is the movement of people from one place to another. It can happen within a country (domestic migration) or across international borders (international migration). Migrant Flow measures the rate of migration over a specific period rather than the total number of migrants. Stephen Castles and Mark Miller suggest that as globalization increases, migration also increases. Economic opportunities, political stability, and cultural exchange attract people to move to new countries. Additionally, money sent by migrants helps support their families in their home countries. This helped strengthen the local economy. Jorgen Carling also introduced the idea of the "Age of Involuntary Inactivity". This concept refers to the situation where many people who want to migrate cannot migrate due to various restrictions such as strict immigration restrictions.

Economics by Ali Emre Arslan

Savers save for various reasons (for example, to retire comfortably in several decades). Similarl... more Savers save for various reasons (for example, to retire comfortably in several decades). Similarly, borrowers borrow for various reasons (for example, to buy a house in which to live, to start a business with which to make a living). Savers submit their money to the financial system with the expectation that they will receive it back with interest at a later date. Borrowers demand money from the financial system with the knowledge that they will be required to pay it back with interest at a later date.

Measuring unemployment is the mission of Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK). Employed includes ... more Measuring unemployment is the mission of Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK). Employed includes both full-time and part-time workers. This category also includes those who were not working but who had jobs from which they were temporarily absent because of, for instance, vacation, illness or bad weather. On the other hand, unemployed includes people who are not working, are available for work, and have tried to find work in the past four weeks. This also includes those who are waiting to be called back to the old job. Those not in the labour force include full-time students, homemakers, and retirees. Additionally, discouraged workers are individuals who would like to work but have given up looking for a job.