Çağlar Kutlu | Istanbul Technical University (original) (raw)

Papers by Çağlar Kutlu

IBS/CAPP has launched CAPP-PACE, direct axion detection experiment aimed at a frequency range of ... more IBS/CAPP has launched CAPP-PACE, direct axion detection experiment aimed at a frequency range of 2.45-2.75 GHz. In the present detector setup, we utilize 1 K HEMT amplifiers which are the world-best commercial available silicon-based low temperature amplifier. However, in order to reach the QCD axion sensitivity and speed up the experiment, we are currently examining the possibility of replacing the first stage HEMT with a SQUID amplifier which could reduce the noise temperature drastically. A MSA (Microstrip SQUID Amplifier) is a good option for achieving a low noise level. This poster includes information of MSA, gain and noise measurement, and test results under magnetic fields. The finalized RF receiver chain of our experiment with a MSA will be also presented.

Springer proceedings in physics, 2020

CAPP-PACE is a pilot experiment of IBS/CAPP for direct detection of axions with a mass around 10 ... more CAPP-PACE is a pilot experiment of IBS/CAPP for direct detection of axions with a mass around 10 μeV based on Sikivie’s microwave cavity scheme. The detector is equipped with an 8 T superconducting magnet and employs a dilution refrigerator that lowers the physical temperature of a high Q-factor split-type cavity to less than 45 mK. The frequency tuning system utilizes piezoelectric actuators with interchangeable sapphire and copper rods. The feeble signal ( 10−24 W) from the cavity is amplified and transmitted through the RF receiver chain with a HEMT amplifier whose noise temperature is around 1 K. I will present the results of CAPP’s first physics data runs in the axion mass range from 2.45 to 2.75 GHz and discuss our future plans and R&D projects.

Proceedings of 41st International Conference on High Energy physics — PoS(ICHEP2022), Dec 3, 2022

Axion, a hypothetical particle originally emerging from a proposed solution to the strong problem... more Axion, a hypothetical particle originally emerging from a proposed solution to the strong problem of particle physics, is one of the favored candidates addressing the dark matter puzzle. As part of the efforts within the Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research of the Institute for Basic Science, we are searching for axion dark matter using the haloscope method sensitive to masses around 24.5 µeV at Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov (KSVZ) sensitivity. A unique 8-cell cavity, used for the first time in search of KSVZ axions, is cooled down to 40 mK within a magnetic field of 8 T. The expected axion signal resonating with the TM 010-like mode of the cavity is picked up using an antenna and transferred to the readout chain. Implementing a flux-pumped Josephson parametric amplifier with 20 dB gain as the first stage of amplification, the system noise temperature was estimated to be 450 mK, corresponding to 1.6 photons. In this paper, we present results from data taken between December 2021 and June 2022, covering approximately 100 MHz.

Physical Review Letters, Feb 28, 2023

We report the results of an axion dark matter search over an axion mass range of 9.39-9.51 μeV. A... more We report the results of an axion dark matter search over an axion mass range of 9.39-9.51 μeV. A fluxdriven Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA) was added to the cryogenic receiver chain. A system noise temperature of as low as 200 mK was achieved, which is the lowest recorded noise among published axion cavity experiments with phase-insensitive JPA operation. In addition, we developed a two-stage scanning method which boosted the scan speed by 26%. As a result, a range of two-photon coupling in a plausible model for the QCD axion was excluded with an order of magnitude higher in sensitivity than existing limits.

Physical Review D

We report the first search for the Sagittarius tidal stream of axion dark matter around 4.55 μeV ... more We report the first search for the Sagittarius tidal stream of axion dark matter around 4.55 μeV using CAPP-12 TB haloscope data acquired in March of 2022. Our result excluded the Sagittarius tidal stream of Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitskii and Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov axion dark matter densities of ρ a ≳ 0.184 and ≳0.025 GeV=cm 3 , respectively, over a mass range from 4.51 to 4.59 μeV at a 90% confidence level.

Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT29)

Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT29)

Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT29)

Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT29)

Physical Review Letters

We report the results of an axion dark matter search over an axion mass range of 9.39-9.51 μeV. A... more We report the results of an axion dark matter search over an axion mass range of 9.39-9.51 μeV. A fluxdriven Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA) was added to the cryogenic receiver chain. A system noise temperature of as low as 200 mK was achieved, which is the lowest recorded noise among published axion cavity experiments with phase-insensitive JPA operation. In addition, we developed a two-stage scanning method which boosted the scan speed by 26%. As a result, a range of two-photon coupling in a plausible model for the QCD axion was excluded with an order of magnitude higher in sensitivity than existing limits.

arXiv (Cornell University), Jul 27, 2022

arXiv (Cornell University), Feb 2, 2023

arXiv (Cornell University), Oct 19, 2022

We report an axion dark matter search at Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitskii sensitivity with the... more We report an axion dark matter search at Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitskii sensitivity with the CAPP-12TB haloscope, assuming axions contribute 100% of the local dark matter density. The search excluded the axion-photon coupling gaγγ down to about 6.2 × 10 −16 GeV −1 over the axion mass range between 4.51 and 4.59 µeV at a 90% confidence level. The achieved experimental sensitivity can also exclude Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov axion dark matter that makes up just 13% of the local dark matter density. The CAPP-12TB haloscope will continue the search over a wide range of axion masses.

Nature Communications

The CAST-CAPP axion haloscope, operating at CERN inside the CAST dipole magnet, has searched for ... more The CAST-CAPP axion haloscope, operating at CERN inside the CAST dipole magnet, has searched for axions in the 19.74 μeV to 22.47 μeV mass range. The detection concept follows the Sikivie haloscope principle, where Dark Matter axions convert into photons within a resonator immersed in a magnetic field. The CAST-CAPP resonator is an array of four individual rectangular cavities inserted in a strong dipole magnet, phase-matched to maximize the detection sensitivity. Here we report on the data acquired for 4124 h from 2019 to 2021. Each cavity is equipped with a fast frequency tuning mechanism of 10 MHz/ min between 4.774 GHz and 5.434 GHz. In the present work, we exclude axion-photon couplings for virialized galactic axions down to gaγγ = 8 × 10−14 GeV−1 at the 90% confidence level. The here implemented phase-matching technique also allows for future large-scale upgrades.

arXiv (Cornell University), Oct 25, 2019

CONTENTS 3.3 Exploiting higher-order resonant modes 3.4 Study of magnetoresistance 3.5 R&D for hi... more CONTENTS 3.3 Exploiting higher-order resonant modes 3.4 Study of magnetoresistance 3.5 R&D for high Q cavity 3.6 Data acquisition 3.7 Experimental control system 4 Global Axion Research 4.1 Global Network of Optical Magnetometers for Exotic Physics (GNOME)113 4.2 Axion Resonant Interaction Detection Experiment (ARIADNE) 4.3 Dark Matter Axion Haloscope Search with the CAST Dipole Magnet at CERN (CAST-CAPP) REFERENCES 8. Start R&D on high quality cavity resonators that can tolerate large magnetic fields. Even though this project suffered from interference from outside CAPP forces, we currently have a small, but still promising program going on. IBS/CAPP Station operation: Local Station for GNOME has been in operation at CAPP since 2017 GNOME collaboration: CAPP has been actively involved in data analysis for GNOME Significance GNOME is the only experiment being able to investigate transient exotic spin coupling. GNOME is especially sensitive to transient events of axion or axion-like field with mass range below neV. None of experiment so far has attempted to look for axion or axion-like particles in this ultralight mass range. GNOME is capable to search for other terrestrial events such as Q-ball or axion clump that has been recently postulated in Astro-particle physics.

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2022

The advent of ultra-low noise microwave amplifiers revolutionized several research fields demandi... more The advent of ultra-low noise microwave amplifiers revolutionized several research fields demanding quantum-limited technologies. Exploiting a theoretical bimodal description of a linear phase-preserving amplifier, in this contribution we analyze some of the intrinsic properties of a model architecture (i.e., an rf-SQUID based Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifier) in terms of amplification and noise generation for key case study input states (Fock and coherent). Furthermore, we present an analysis of the output signals generated by the parametric amplification mechanism when thermal noise fluctuations feed the device.

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2022

Ultralow-noise microwave amplification and detection play a central role in different application... more Ultralow-noise microwave amplification and detection play a central role in different applications, going from fundamental physics experiments to the deployment of quantum technologies. In many applications the necessity of reading multiple detectors, or cavities or qubits, calls for large bandwidth amplifiers with the lowest possible noise. Current technologies are based on High Electron Mobility Transistors and Josephson Parametric Amplifiers. Both have limitations, the former in terms of the minimum noise, the latter in terms of bandwidth. Superconducting Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifiers (TWPAs) have the potential of offering quantum limited noise and large bandwidth. These amplifiers are based on the parametric amplification of microwaves traveling along a transmission line with embedded nonlinear elements. We are developing superconducting TWPAs based both on Josephson junction arrays (Traveling Wave Josephson Parametric Amplifiers) and on nonlinear kinetic inductance (Dispersion Engineered Traveling Wave Kinetic Inductance Amplifiers). Our goal is to achieve large bandwidth (in the 5 to 10 GHz range), large gain (more than 20 dB), large saturation power (more than −50 dBm), and near quantum limited noise (noise temperature less than 600 mK). Current achievements in the design and development of the high performance TWPAs are here reported and discussed, together with current limitations and possible future developments.

Journal of Low Temperature Physics

Reducing noise to the quantum limit over a large bandwidth is a fundamental requirement for futur... more Reducing noise to the quantum limit over a large bandwidth is a fundamental requirement for future applications operating at millikelvin temperatures, such as the neutrino mass measurement, the next-generation X-ray observatory, the CMB measurement, the dark matter and axion detection, and the rapid high-fidelity readout of superconducting qubits. The read out sensitivity of arrays of microcalorimeter detectors, resonant axion-detectors, and qubits, is currently limited by the noise temperature and bandwidth of the cryogenic amplifiers. The Detector Array Readout with Traveling Wave Amplifiers project has the goal of developing high-performing innovative traveling wave parametric amplifiers with a high gain, a high saturation power, and a quantum-limited or nearly quantum-limited noise. The practical development follows two different promising approaches, one based on the Josephson junctions and the other one based on the kinetic inductance of a high-resistivity superconductor. In t...

IBS/CAPP has launched CAPP-PACE, direct axion detection experiment aimed at a frequency range of ... more IBS/CAPP has launched CAPP-PACE, direct axion detection experiment aimed at a frequency range of 2.45-2.75 GHz. In the present detector setup, we utilize 1 K HEMT amplifiers which are the world-best commercial available silicon-based low temperature amplifier. However, in order to reach the QCD axion sensitivity and speed up the experiment, we are currently examining the possibility of replacing the first stage HEMT with a SQUID amplifier which could reduce the noise temperature drastically. A MSA (Microstrip SQUID Amplifier) is a good option for achieving a low noise level. This poster includes information of MSA, gain and noise measurement, and test results under magnetic fields. The finalized RF receiver chain of our experiment with a MSA will be also presented.

Springer proceedings in physics, 2020

CAPP-PACE is a pilot experiment of IBS/CAPP for direct detection of axions with a mass around 10 ... more CAPP-PACE is a pilot experiment of IBS/CAPP for direct detection of axions with a mass around 10 μeV based on Sikivie’s microwave cavity scheme. The detector is equipped with an 8 T superconducting magnet and employs a dilution refrigerator that lowers the physical temperature of a high Q-factor split-type cavity to less than 45 mK. The frequency tuning system utilizes piezoelectric actuators with interchangeable sapphire and copper rods. The feeble signal ( 10−24 W) from the cavity is amplified and transmitted through the RF receiver chain with a HEMT amplifier whose noise temperature is around 1 K. I will present the results of CAPP’s first physics data runs in the axion mass range from 2.45 to 2.75 GHz and discuss our future plans and R&D projects.

Proceedings of 41st International Conference on High Energy physics — PoS(ICHEP2022), Dec 3, 2022

Axion, a hypothetical particle originally emerging from a proposed solution to the strong problem... more Axion, a hypothetical particle originally emerging from a proposed solution to the strong problem of particle physics, is one of the favored candidates addressing the dark matter puzzle. As part of the efforts within the Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research of the Institute for Basic Science, we are searching for axion dark matter using the haloscope method sensitive to masses around 24.5 µeV at Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov (KSVZ) sensitivity. A unique 8-cell cavity, used for the first time in search of KSVZ axions, is cooled down to 40 mK within a magnetic field of 8 T. The expected axion signal resonating with the TM 010-like mode of the cavity is picked up using an antenna and transferred to the readout chain. Implementing a flux-pumped Josephson parametric amplifier with 20 dB gain as the first stage of amplification, the system noise temperature was estimated to be 450 mK, corresponding to 1.6 photons. In this paper, we present results from data taken between December 2021 and June 2022, covering approximately 100 MHz.

Physical Review Letters, Feb 28, 2023

We report the results of an axion dark matter search over an axion mass range of 9.39-9.51 μeV. A... more We report the results of an axion dark matter search over an axion mass range of 9.39-9.51 μeV. A fluxdriven Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA) was added to the cryogenic receiver chain. A system noise temperature of as low as 200 mK was achieved, which is the lowest recorded noise among published axion cavity experiments with phase-insensitive JPA operation. In addition, we developed a two-stage scanning method which boosted the scan speed by 26%. As a result, a range of two-photon coupling in a plausible model for the QCD axion was excluded with an order of magnitude higher in sensitivity than existing limits.

Physical Review D

We report the first search for the Sagittarius tidal stream of axion dark matter around 4.55 μeV ... more We report the first search for the Sagittarius tidal stream of axion dark matter around 4.55 μeV using CAPP-12 TB haloscope data acquired in March of 2022. Our result excluded the Sagittarius tidal stream of Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitskii and Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov axion dark matter densities of ρ a ≳ 0.184 and ≳0.025 GeV=cm 3 , respectively, over a mass range from 4.51 to 4.59 μeV at a 90% confidence level.

Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT29)

Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT29)

Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT29)

Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT29)

Physical Review Letters

We report the results of an axion dark matter search over an axion mass range of 9.39-9.51 μeV. A... more We report the results of an axion dark matter search over an axion mass range of 9.39-9.51 μeV. A fluxdriven Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA) was added to the cryogenic receiver chain. A system noise temperature of as low as 200 mK was achieved, which is the lowest recorded noise among published axion cavity experiments with phase-insensitive JPA operation. In addition, we developed a two-stage scanning method which boosted the scan speed by 26%. As a result, a range of two-photon coupling in a plausible model for the QCD axion was excluded with an order of magnitude higher in sensitivity than existing limits.

arXiv (Cornell University), Jul 27, 2022

arXiv (Cornell University), Feb 2, 2023

arXiv (Cornell University), Oct 19, 2022

We report an axion dark matter search at Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitskii sensitivity with the... more We report an axion dark matter search at Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitskii sensitivity with the CAPP-12TB haloscope, assuming axions contribute 100% of the local dark matter density. The search excluded the axion-photon coupling gaγγ down to about 6.2 × 10 −16 GeV −1 over the axion mass range between 4.51 and 4.59 µeV at a 90% confidence level. The achieved experimental sensitivity can also exclude Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov axion dark matter that makes up just 13% of the local dark matter density. The CAPP-12TB haloscope will continue the search over a wide range of axion masses.

Nature Communications

The CAST-CAPP axion haloscope, operating at CERN inside the CAST dipole magnet, has searched for ... more The CAST-CAPP axion haloscope, operating at CERN inside the CAST dipole magnet, has searched for axions in the 19.74 μeV to 22.47 μeV mass range. The detection concept follows the Sikivie haloscope principle, where Dark Matter axions convert into photons within a resonator immersed in a magnetic field. The CAST-CAPP resonator is an array of four individual rectangular cavities inserted in a strong dipole magnet, phase-matched to maximize the detection sensitivity. Here we report on the data acquired for 4124 h from 2019 to 2021. Each cavity is equipped with a fast frequency tuning mechanism of 10 MHz/ min between 4.774 GHz and 5.434 GHz. In the present work, we exclude axion-photon couplings for virialized galactic axions down to gaγγ = 8 × 10−14 GeV−1 at the 90% confidence level. The here implemented phase-matching technique also allows for future large-scale upgrades.

arXiv (Cornell University), Oct 25, 2019

CONTENTS 3.3 Exploiting higher-order resonant modes 3.4 Study of magnetoresistance 3.5 R&D for hi... more CONTENTS 3.3 Exploiting higher-order resonant modes 3.4 Study of magnetoresistance 3.5 R&D for high Q cavity 3.6 Data acquisition 3.7 Experimental control system 4 Global Axion Research 4.1 Global Network of Optical Magnetometers for Exotic Physics (GNOME)113 4.2 Axion Resonant Interaction Detection Experiment (ARIADNE) 4.3 Dark Matter Axion Haloscope Search with the CAST Dipole Magnet at CERN (CAST-CAPP) REFERENCES 8. Start R&D on high quality cavity resonators that can tolerate large magnetic fields. Even though this project suffered from interference from outside CAPP forces, we currently have a small, but still promising program going on. IBS/CAPP Station operation: Local Station for GNOME has been in operation at CAPP since 2017 GNOME collaboration: CAPP has been actively involved in data analysis for GNOME Significance GNOME is the only experiment being able to investigate transient exotic spin coupling. GNOME is especially sensitive to transient events of axion or axion-like field with mass range below neV. None of experiment so far has attempted to look for axion or axion-like particles in this ultralight mass range. GNOME is capable to search for other terrestrial events such as Q-ball or axion clump that has been recently postulated in Astro-particle physics.

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2022

The advent of ultra-low noise microwave amplifiers revolutionized several research fields demandi... more The advent of ultra-low noise microwave amplifiers revolutionized several research fields demanding quantum-limited technologies. Exploiting a theoretical bimodal description of a linear phase-preserving amplifier, in this contribution we analyze some of the intrinsic properties of a model architecture (i.e., an rf-SQUID based Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifier) in terms of amplification and noise generation for key case study input states (Fock and coherent). Furthermore, we present an analysis of the output signals generated by the parametric amplification mechanism when thermal noise fluctuations feed the device.

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2022

Ultralow-noise microwave amplification and detection play a central role in different application... more Ultralow-noise microwave amplification and detection play a central role in different applications, going from fundamental physics experiments to the deployment of quantum technologies. In many applications the necessity of reading multiple detectors, or cavities or qubits, calls for large bandwidth amplifiers with the lowest possible noise. Current technologies are based on High Electron Mobility Transistors and Josephson Parametric Amplifiers. Both have limitations, the former in terms of the minimum noise, the latter in terms of bandwidth. Superconducting Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifiers (TWPAs) have the potential of offering quantum limited noise and large bandwidth. These amplifiers are based on the parametric amplification of microwaves traveling along a transmission line with embedded nonlinear elements. We are developing superconducting TWPAs based both on Josephson junction arrays (Traveling Wave Josephson Parametric Amplifiers) and on nonlinear kinetic inductance (Dispersion Engineered Traveling Wave Kinetic Inductance Amplifiers). Our goal is to achieve large bandwidth (in the 5 to 10 GHz range), large gain (more than 20 dB), large saturation power (more than −50 dBm), and near quantum limited noise (noise temperature less than 600 mK). Current achievements in the design and development of the high performance TWPAs are here reported and discussed, together with current limitations and possible future developments.

Journal of Low Temperature Physics

Reducing noise to the quantum limit over a large bandwidth is a fundamental requirement for futur... more Reducing noise to the quantum limit over a large bandwidth is a fundamental requirement for future applications operating at millikelvin temperatures, such as the neutrino mass measurement, the next-generation X-ray observatory, the CMB measurement, the dark matter and axion detection, and the rapid high-fidelity readout of superconducting qubits. The read out sensitivity of arrays of microcalorimeter detectors, resonant axion-detectors, and qubits, is currently limited by the noise temperature and bandwidth of the cryogenic amplifiers. The Detector Array Readout with Traveling Wave Amplifiers project has the goal of developing high-performing innovative traveling wave parametric amplifiers with a high gain, a high saturation power, and a quantum-limited or nearly quantum-limited noise. The practical development follows two different promising approaches, one based on the Josephson junctions and the other one based on the kinetic inductance of a high-resistivity superconductor. In t...