Nigan BAYAZIT | Istanbul Technical University (original) (raw)
Papers by Nigan BAYAZIT
The objective of this paper is to investigate the origins of design research in Turkey from vario... more The objective of this paper is to investigate the origins of design research in Turkey from various perspectives. The roots of design research can be traced back to the declaration of the Republic and its reforms relating to universities and the educational system, when the infl uences of refugee German professors soon became signifi cant. Demand for design research coexisted at the periphery with the development of industry; and currently, design research is undertaken primarily by design academics, graduate and postgraduate students.
In this paper, we study the arrangement of displays in flight instrument panels of multipurpose c... more In this paper, we study the arrangement of displays in flight instrument panels of multipurpose civil helicopters following a user-centered design method based on ergonomics principles. Our methodology can also be described as a user-interface arrangement methodology based on user opinions and preferences. This study can be outlined as gathering user-centered data using two different research methods and then analyzing and integrating the collected data to come up with an optimal instrument panel design. An interview with helicopter pilots formed the first step of our research. In that interview, pilots were asked to provide a quantitative evaluation of basic interface arrangement principles. In the second phase of the research, a paper prototyping study was conducted with same pilots. The final phase of the study entailed synthesizing the findings from interviews and observational studies to formulate an optimal flight instrument arrangement methodology. The primary results that we present in our paper are the methodology that we developed and three new interface arrangement concepts, namely relationship of inseparability, integrated value and locational value. An optimum instrument panel arrangement is also proposed by the researchers.
Decision making in design requires careful consideration, as any inaccuracies or faults can have ... more Decision making in design requires careful consideration, as any inaccuracies or faults
can have serious consequences for the producer, the user and/or the competitiveness of
the company. Research investigating decision making in design so far has mainly
focused on the selection of decisions as part of technical choices and classical
optimisation problems. In recent years, further research has been started to discover the
characteristics of successful decision making in industry. These later, mostly single
case studies shed light on some general influences on decision making but so far have
not identified different relevant patterns of decision-making processes in design teams
which are influential on the result and the process of decision making, such as the
constituents of rejected decisions. The research study reported here was initiated to
further analyse the components of decision-making processes in teams, with special
emphasis on the question of how decisions develop during the design process.
For example, what happens to rejected decisions in the course of the design process?
The observed processes should be analysed in detail by assessing all utterances in an
interaction protocol which can be used as indicators of underlying cognitive processes
in decision making; this research approach is usually called protocol analysis. In this
experimental study using protocol analysis, rejected decisions were compared against
those that were chosen to be used in designing the final outcome. The findings show
how the designers develop the solution space and illustrate the analysis of decisions as a
promising approach to analyse both the individual cognitive process and the
contribution of the individual to the decision-making process in design teams.
Keywords:design process; teamwork; decision making; protocol analysis
Applied Ergonomics, 2015
In this paper, we study the arrangement of displays in flight instrument panels of multi-purpose ... more In this paper, we study the arrangement of displays in flight instrument panels of multi-purpose civil helicopters following a user-centered design method based on ergonomics principles. Our methodology can also be described as a user-interface arrangement methodology based on user opinions and preferences. This study can be outlined as gathering user-centered data using two different research methods and then analyzing and integrating the collected data to come up with an optimal instrument panel design. An interview with helicopter pilots formed the first step of our research. In that interview, pilots were asked to provide a quantitative evaluation of basic interface arrangement principles. In the second phase of the research, a paper prototyping study was conducted with same pilots. The final phase of the study entailed synthesizing the findings from interviews and observational studies to formulate an optimal flight instrument arrangement methodology. The primary results that we present in our paper are the methodology that we developed and three new interface arrangement concepts, namely relationship of inseparability, integrated value and locational value. An optimum instrument panel arrangement is also proposed by the researchers.
Human Consequences of Crowding, 1979
Cybernetics and Systems ’86, 1986
Lamps designed by Alvar Aalto
The objective of this paper is to investigate the origins of design research in Turkey from vario... more The objective of this paper is to investigate the origins of design research in Turkey from various perspectives. The roots of design research can be traced back to the declaration of the Republic and its reforms relating to universities and the educational system, when the infl uences of refugee German professors soon became signifi cant. Demand for design research coexisted at the periphery with the development of industry; and currently, design research is undertaken primarily by design academics, graduate and postgraduate students.
In this paper, we study the arrangement of displays in flight instrument panels of multipurpose c... more In this paper, we study the arrangement of displays in flight instrument panels of multipurpose civil helicopters following a user-centered design method based on ergonomics principles. Our methodology can also be described as a user-interface arrangement methodology based on user opinions and preferences. This study can be outlined as gathering user-centered data using two different research methods and then analyzing and integrating the collected data to come up with an optimal instrument panel design. An interview with helicopter pilots formed the first step of our research. In that interview, pilots were asked to provide a quantitative evaluation of basic interface arrangement principles. In the second phase of the research, a paper prototyping study was conducted with same pilots. The final phase of the study entailed synthesizing the findings from interviews and observational studies to formulate an optimal flight instrument arrangement methodology. The primary results that we present in our paper are the methodology that we developed and three new interface arrangement concepts, namely relationship of inseparability, integrated value and locational value. An optimum instrument panel arrangement is also proposed by the researchers.
Decision making in design requires careful consideration, as any inaccuracies or faults can have ... more Decision making in design requires careful consideration, as any inaccuracies or faults
can have serious consequences for the producer, the user and/or the competitiveness of
the company. Research investigating decision making in design so far has mainly
focused on the selection of decisions as part of technical choices and classical
optimisation problems. In recent years, further research has been started to discover the
characteristics of successful decision making in industry. These later, mostly single
case studies shed light on some general influences on decision making but so far have
not identified different relevant patterns of decision-making processes in design teams
which are influential on the result and the process of decision making, such as the
constituents of rejected decisions. The research study reported here was initiated to
further analyse the components of decision-making processes in teams, with special
emphasis on the question of how decisions develop during the design process.
For example, what happens to rejected decisions in the course of the design process?
The observed processes should be analysed in detail by assessing all utterances in an
interaction protocol which can be used as indicators of underlying cognitive processes
in decision making; this research approach is usually called protocol analysis. In this
experimental study using protocol analysis, rejected decisions were compared against
those that were chosen to be used in designing the final outcome. The findings show
how the designers develop the solution space and illustrate the analysis of decisions as a
promising approach to analyse both the individual cognitive process and the
contribution of the individual to the decision-making process in design teams.
Keywords:design process; teamwork; decision making; protocol analysis
Applied Ergonomics, 2015
In this paper, we study the arrangement of displays in flight instrument panels of multi-purpose ... more In this paper, we study the arrangement of displays in flight instrument panels of multi-purpose civil helicopters following a user-centered design method based on ergonomics principles. Our methodology can also be described as a user-interface arrangement methodology based on user opinions and preferences. This study can be outlined as gathering user-centered data using two different research methods and then analyzing and integrating the collected data to come up with an optimal instrument panel design. An interview with helicopter pilots formed the first step of our research. In that interview, pilots were asked to provide a quantitative evaluation of basic interface arrangement principles. In the second phase of the research, a paper prototyping study was conducted with same pilots. The final phase of the study entailed synthesizing the findings from interviews and observational studies to formulate an optimal flight instrument arrangement methodology. The primary results that we present in our paper are the methodology that we developed and three new interface arrangement concepts, namely relationship of inseparability, integrated value and locational value. An optimum instrument panel arrangement is also proposed by the researchers.
Human Consequences of Crowding, 1979
Cybernetics and Systems ’86, 1986
Lamps designed by Alvar Aalto
Safranbolu is an Ottoman town located in the northwest Anatolia. It has a unique silhouette becau... more Safranbolu is an Ottoman town located in the northwest Anatolia. It has a unique silhouette because of its topography, which has canyons of two rivers.
Çalışma çevresi olarak ameliyathaneler, çalışanlar olarak cerrahlar ve yapılan iş olarak laparosk... more Çalışma çevresi olarak ameliyathaneler, çalışanlar olarak cerrahlar ve yapılan iş olarak laparoskopik ameliyatlar belirlenmiştir. Çalışma çevresindeki donanımların cerrahların duruş pozisyonlarındaki etkilerini anlamak ve öneri tasarımlarla duruş pozisyonlarının iyileştirilmesi için üç boyutlu insan modellerinden yararlanılmıştır.
Background: In health care industry, scientific studies and technological developments are implem... more Background: In health care industry, scientific studies and technological developments are implemented in daily use as soon as possible to save time for the diagnosis and the treatment of the patients. Where as the interest of the caregivers are neglected most of the time.
People interact with different objects and environments during their life-time; feeling and expre... more People interact with different objects and environments during their life-time; feeling and expressing emotions toward the surrounding objects. Emotions have become one of the most progressive topics of industrial design discipline in recent years, especially with human factors studies, raising the need for investigating the area of emotions in product design. defines the emotions that are expressed towards a product as 'product emotions'. In the present study, PrEmo (Product Emotion Measurement Instrument) developed by Desmet used. The aim was to investigate emotional responses to a specific product group, to determine differences across gender groups and to apply an emotion measurement instrument in Turkey to see its validity and usability in a different context. More specifically, the study aims to answer the following research questions: What are the emotional responses of the participants towards the given products? Do the participants from different gender groups differ in terms of their emotional responses to each product given in the instrument? Is PrEmo a suitable and usable measurement instrument in the context of Turkey? Finally, key concepts of emotional design, mainly developed by , were reviewed. The paper reports an empirical research utilizing self-report methodology to assess emotional responses to photographs of seven concept cars in the Turkish context and shows how different product characteristics were perceived differently by men and women.
Mobile phone is becoming the main communication tool for many societies and cultures, and the dec... more Mobile phone is becoming the main communication tool for many societies and cultures, and the decision of how to localize products still remains as a phenomenon for many -especially for developing and underdeveloped-countries. Adaptation or standardization of products has been the concern of firms, where there is a tradeoff between answering the needs of the local market versus achieving economies of scale. Thus, firms may try to decide upon which mobile phone models to export overseas according to the needs of the local market. This necessitates analyzing the user profile in the local market so as to avoid experiencing any disasters in the market due to inappropriate products being inherent in that market.
Giving the culture of design to the beginners in the industrial design (ID) profession is a cruci... more Giving the culture of design to the beginners in the industrial design (ID) profession is a crucial task for the educators. The problems of teaching industrial design for the first year are put forward in relation to the problems with the high school education. Industrial design education problems in Turkey has been analysed and criticised starting from the preparation stage of the entrance examinations to the university education. The ways students are asked to represent their thoughts by using the design languages, in a designerly manner.
Looking at design research only from the design methodologist's perspective restricts our view. T... more Looking at design research only from the design methodologist's perspective restricts our view. This paper will try to look at design research from different perspectives, including that of an educator in design research methods. Some of those perspectives of design research are outlined below.
Bu bildirinin amacı endüstri ürünü olarak kent mobilyalarını tartışmaktır. Günümüzde insanların b... more Bu bildirinin amacı endüstri ürünü olarak kent mobilyalarını tartışmaktır. Günümüzde insanların boş zamanları giderek artmaktadır. Bu da kişilere boş zamanlarını rekreasyon alanlarında ve tatil yerlerinde değerlendirmek olanağı vermektedir. Böylece kentlerde açık mekanların kullanımı da önemli bir artış göstermektedir. Çağdaş yaşam kentlerde insanın ön plana alındığı, yaşamın kolaylaştırıldığı, her kişiyi rahat ettirecek kolaylıkların sağlandığı kent mekanlarını gerektirir. Sosyal yaşam, çağdaş toplumda dış mekanda toplantılara katılmaya, dışarda yemek yemeye, kültürel faaliyetlerde bulunmaya olanak verir. Dış mekan sergileri, açık hava konserleri gibi kültürel faaliyetler, güneşten ve temiz havadan yararlanma çağdaş yaşamın olanakları arasındadır. İnsanlar sıkıntılı çalışma temposu dışında boş zamanlarında çoğu kez macera ve hareket arama peşine düşmektedirler. Bunu doğal bir gereksinim olarak karşılamak gerekir. Kent içi parklarının, yaya dinlenme ve dolaşma güzergahlarının, alışveriş alanlarının getirdiği yenilikler bu gereksinmeleri karşılar. İstanbul'da parklar, bahçeler, yollar, alışveriş ve toplanma alanları vardır. Kentin iki yakası birer yarımada şeklindedir ve kent denizle iç içe yaşamaktadır. Sıcak havalarda Boğazın ve diğer denizlerin kıyıları suya giren insanlarla dolup taşmaktadır. Soğuk havalarda boğazda balık avlayanlar boğazın görünümünü değiştirmektedir. İskeleler çevresindeki insan kalabalığı giderek artmaktadır. Çağdaş yaşamda kişiler daha hızlı hareket edebilmekte ve belediyelerin kent hizmetlerinden daima daha fazlasını beklemektedirler. Refah düzeyinin artmasıyla birlikte temizliğe ve bakımlı çevrelere olan talep de artmaktadır. İletişim araçları her kişiyi her konuda bilgilendirdiği gibi, insanları kentsel yaşam ve çevre konularında daha duyarlı hale getirmektedir. Çevrenin bozulmasına, havanın ve karanın kirlenmesine karşı duyarlılık ve çevreyi koruma, çevrenin estetik kaygılarla seyirlik özellikler kazanması konularındaki bilinçlenme, daha çok dışta mekanlarda yaşamaya başlamanın bir sonucudur. Sağlık bilincinin artması çevrenin düzenli, çamursuz, tozsuz, çöpsüz, temiz olması konusunda insanların beklentilerini değiştirmektedir.
Developments of the new economies create new behaviors that the life of the new metropolitan citi... more Developments of the new economies create new behaviors that the life of the new metropolitan cities faces with the new media. People are searching for the comfort of home environment in the public spaces. There are interactions between the public spaces and individual behaviors. Physical as well as virtual spaces must become a whole. The contemporary city is under the overflow of information and knowledge. In collaboration with ISTON, Department of Industrial Product Design of ITU, worked on street furniture projects in the 3 rd year design studio and conducted with respect to the characteristics of the different locations in Istanbul. This project is focused on the tendencies of the era and the progress in the metropolitan area from a wide perspective.
At present we are questioning design methods from a different point of view. We are working with ... more At present we are questioning design methods from a different point of view. We are working with computers and trying to decode the methods of the professional practice into computers to be used by the professional practitioners in their turn. These approaches lead us to the investigation of the design knowledge of designers. The understanding of the design knowledge, a part of design research, requires investigation into designing activity. Design research obligates us to apply different approaches and the methods of different disciplines. However, in the elicitation of the design knowledge, we have to consider the information known by the designers, how that information is gained, how that information is processed, how and when it is used while solving such a design problem. Several disciplines are used in the design process, according to their relevance to the problem area. When we look at a multi-disciplinary area such as designing, we must clarify the disciplines or sciences involved, and their relation to design must be studied.
The aim of this study is to try to investigate the relationships between design research, educati... more The aim of this study is to try to investigate the relationships between design research, education and practice. To meet the requirements of the professional practice from the design education viewpoint is the key issue in this paper. Design education is the learning of the complexity with reference to the learning styles of designers. It plays an important role in the designing behavior. Design is generally thought in studio, which has a traditional background. At present computers are becoming the indispensable parts of designing in professional practice as well as in studio education. Working with computers and trying to decode the knowledge of the professional practice into computers to be used by the professional practitioners in turn is accepted as one of the interaction points in this paper. Creating teaching tools for design students depending on the knowledge obtained from the professional practice is the other subject of discussion. Design research is accepted as the key course of action in the establishment of the relations between the knowledge in the professional practice and the education of the practitioners for industry and/or in industry. Understanding design knowledge, a part of design research, requires the investigation of design activity in professional practice. Design knowledge can not be regarded without design practice. Design education is dedicated to formation to shape trainees ready for the professional practice. In all the disciplines designing is demanding collaborate and interdisciplinary team works to investigate the nature of design knowledge, design education and practice, to understand the way it reaches effective solutions. Design research obligates us to apply different approaches and the methods of different disciplines. In the elicitation of the design knowledge, we have to consider the information known by the designers, how that information is gained, how that information is processed, how and when it is used while solving a design problem for industry. Design knowledge relates to the perception of the information, the organization of the knowledge in the memory, the evolution process of the new knowledge for the specific design situation.
An artificial intelligence system is planned for the design of whole building (BUDEX) and a subsy... more An artificial intelligence system is planned for the design of whole building (BUDEX) and a subsystem of it for building elements (ESBED) is developed. In the development of this subsystem an empirical design research approach is applied investigating the knowledge bases of the domain experts. A knowledge acquisition process is formed for this study at different levels. A global model and the modules of the subsystem are demonstrated.
ÖZET Sürdürülebilirlik kavramı sürdürülebilir gelişimi ya da sürdürülebilir yaşamı ifade etmekted... more ÖZET Sürdürülebilirlik kavramı sürdürülebilir gelişimi ya da sürdürülebilir yaşamı ifade etmektedir. Birleşmiş Milletler 1987 Bruntland Raporu'nda sürdürülebilirlik kavramı geniş bir şekilde yer almıştır. Bruntland Raporunda " Sürdürülebilir Gelişim: günümüz ihtiyaçlarının gelecek nesillerin ihtiyaçlarının buluşmasını tehlikeye atmaksızın buluşması " olarak tanımlanmıştır. Sürdürülebilir bir çevre anlayışı içerisinde, kaynakların korunduğu, ekonomik açıdan faydaları olan geri kazanımı, ürün servis sistemlerini ve çevreci üretim yöntemlerini vb. içeren sürdürülebilir ürün tasarımı modeli geliştirilmesi gereklidir. Sürdürülebilirlik kavramı sadece politik ve ekonomik yönüyle değil, firma yönetim kararları ve stratejileri, tasarımcı yaklaşımları ve çevresel etkileri içeren, enerji kullanımı, malzeme tüketimi ve işçilik maliyetleri açısından ele alınarak, bugünkü tercih ve eğilimlere, malzeme seçimine ve ürün yaşam döngüsüne olan etkileri göz önüne alınmalıdır. Bu çalışma kapsamında Sürdürülebilirlik Kavramının' firma yönetim kararlarına etkisi ve bu kararların sürdürülebilir ürün tasarımına etkisi üzerinde durulacaktır. Üreticilerin sürdürülebilir ürün tasarımı sürecinde karar verme aşamalarında göz önünde bulundurmaları gereken önemli noktaları ortaya çıkarmak ve bunların kullanımını sağlamak ve ürün tasarımı için sürdürülebilir; global enerji sarfiyatı, işçilik maliyetleri, malzeme tüketimi, ürün servis sistemleri ve geri dönüşüm faaliyetlerini değerlendirmeye yarayan bir model geliştirmek çalışmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır. Ambalaj sektörü çalışma sahası olarak seçilmiştir. Ambalaj sektörü çerçevesinde, yürütülen örnek olay çalışması ile ambalaj ürünlerinde sürdürülebilir tasarım kriterlerinin, firma organizasyonel yapısı üzerinde etkilerinin saptanması sağlanmıştır. Seçilen değerlendirme birimlerinin incelenmesinde yaşam döngüsü analizi aşamalarında " enerji ve malzeme " nin sürdürülebilirliği araştırılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: sürdürülebilir tasarım, ambalaj tasarımı, yaşam döngüsü analizi ABSTRACT The concept of sustainability refers sustainable development or sustainable living. A wide-rangingconcept of sustainability has taken into consideration in the United Nations Bruntland Report 124