Yasin Bektaş | Istanbul Technical University (original) (raw)

III. TLCK-IV. Cilt (Edebiyat, Sehircilik&Mimarlik) by Yasin Bektaş

Papers by Yasin Bektaş

Megaron, 2013

The large-scale migrations towards large cities that occurred in Turkey after the 1950s have brou... more The large-scale migrations towards large cities that occurred in Turkey after the 1950s have brought about many spatial and social problems. The massive migrant populations moving from rural areas to cities cannot be integrated with the city completely due to these problems. These groups, which settle in the city through informal channels, differentiate in social and economic dimension throughout the city in the course of time. Urban problems caused by the settlement pattern of the large-scale migration in large cities, socioeconomic differences and the change of migration quality constitute the spatial divergence. The scarcity of sources in cities and applications performed by upper local institutions on the formal section of the city have created urban inequality throughout the city and accelerated the divergence even further. This study aims to focus on divergences, which occur as a result of the migration movements and are caused by social, economic and spatial inequalities on the area of Ankara-Altındağ Hill Squatter Region. Within the scope of this objective, we examined the spatial segregation as both a physical and a social issue using quantitative and qualitative data. The spatial segregation in Eski Altındağ was followed profoundly in two stages as local plane and supra-local plane, with the help of interviews.

Sustainability

The relationship between the built environment and climate change has been discussed from many pe... more The relationship between the built environment and climate change has been discussed from many perspectives. This study examines the effect of the built environment on climate change indicators in Turkish provinces over the last 18 years, contributing to the literature on built environment analyses regarding both urban and rural areas, unlike other studies that have focused mostly on urban areas. The study discusses the changes in climate indicators using maps and analyzes the effects of the built environment on climate change using linear regression. The results indicate that provinces in Türkiye have experienced climate change effects such as increased annual mean temperature, maximum temperature, maximum precipitation, extreme weather events, and drought. These effects differed both in terms of geography and the subperiods over the examined period. The results also demonstrate the increase in the built environment to have a positive correlation with the increases in annual maximu...

MEGARON / Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Architecture E-Journal, 2013

Sustainability, 2023

The relationship between the built environment and climate change has been discussed from many pe... more The relationship between the built environment and climate change has been discussed from many perspectives. This study examines the effect of the built environment on climate change indicators in Turkish provinces over the last 18 years, contributing to the literature on built environment
analyses regarding both urban and rural areas, unlike other studies that have focused mostly on urban areas. The study discusses the changes in climate indicators using maps and analyzes the effects of the built environment on climate change using linear regression. The results indicate that provinces in Türkiye have experienced climate change effects such as increased annual mean temperature, maximum temperature, maximum precipitation, extreme weather events, and drought. These effects differed both in terms of geography and the subperiods over the examined period. The results also demonstrate the increase in the built environment to have a positive correlation with the increases in annual maximum temperature and the annual number of extreme weather events.
The built environment in Türkiye increased 63% between 1990 and 2018, and the average number of extreme weather events per province increased from 0.3 to 8 over this same period. At the same time, the average annual mean temperature increased from 12.9 to 15.1 C, the average maximum temperature went up from 24.6 to 25.8 C, the average annual maximum precipitation increased from 125.6 to 157.7 mm, and the average number of dry months per year increased from 3.4 to 3.8.

TMMOB Şehir Plancıları Odası, 2018

MEGARON / Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Architecture E-Journal, 2022

Since the turn of the century, there have been significant changes in the field of planning and i... more Since the turn of the century, there have been significant changes in the field of planning and in
the practices carried out for the sake of “urban regeneration” in Turkey that merit analysis. The
most important of these changes are represented by urban regeneration projects introduced to
mitigate disaster risk and increasing the quality of urban life. Urban regeneration projects in
Turkey continue to develop through segmental plan changes that lack scientific justification.
This type of approach not only leads to population growth exceeding the figures predicted in
the upper scale plan decisions of the city but also reduces the green areas, education and health
infrastructure, social facilities, and cultural facilities associated with population growth. This
pattern tends to compel people to live in a city where the quality of urban life has declined.
Increasing population density through segmental and project-based urban regeneration practices and deteriorating social due to density are the main reasons behind the diminished resilience of urban systems.
This paper analyses the relationship between “urban resilience” and “urban regeneration”
based on a field study conducted in Kayseri. The study examines the problems of increased
urban density and the incompatibility of the social infrastructure (in terms of adequacy and
location). To this end, all areas defined as “highly risky” between 2012 and 2020 in Kayseri in
accordance with the Law on the Transformation of Areas under Disaster Risk No.6306 were
analysed. Within the scope of the study, we examined the construction plan and plan explanation reports and found a “population growth rate” by comparing the population figures
before and after the implementation of the transformation plan. Then we assessed how the
population density increase reflects on the building density increase based on the “precedent/
building density change”. From the plan explanation report, we obtained the change in the
overall social infrastructure ratio brought about by population growth and examined this figure on the basis of m2
per capita.
In the examined projects, an average 47% increase was noted in the local population as a result
of the plans, with the highest increase being 84%. In addition, an average 2.08 times increase
was witnessed in building density, with the highest increase being eight-fold. As for social infrastructure areas, the average decrease in the square meters per capita was 20% in the studied projects, with the the most significant drop being 38%. While 40% of the social infrastructure areas in the projects were preserved,
10% were completely removed, and new proposals were made. Furthermore, 40% underwent a partial change in either size or location, and no new proposals were made in the remaining 10% of the social infrastructure areas. These findings indicate that the
maintenance of standards, mitigation of risk and provision of urban resilience, which are the main objectives of the Disaster Law,
have not been largely achieved. Deterioration of the standards for social infrastructure area together with the increase in population
and building density rates and changes in their function or location properties create open area inadequacy risks in areas to be used as
a potential assembly and discharge point in possible disasters and states of emergency. These developments also mean new risk levels
depending on different usage incompatibilities in areas such as the city centre (Sahabiye Phase 1 and 2 projects) and industrial zone
(Anbar project area), which have higher development and daytime population utilisation density rates. In addition, various threats
such as the problems that may be caused by potential building demolitions and night/day population differences may cause urban
texture risks, which can have an impact on the vulnerability of urban infrastructure. When open and green areas within the social
infrastructure areas are associated with building density and building order within the dense urban texture and are designed with
sufficient vegetation, there may also be advantages in terms of air circulation, the feeding of underground water resources during
precipitation, and reducing the urban heat island effect in extreme temperatures. However, the above-mentioned adverse factors lead
to a decrease in the adaptation capacity of cities in the face of possible disturbances. The resilience of cities will gradually decrease if
risk reduction is understood and implemented based only on the market mechanism in high-risk areas and with an approach that
only increases urban density. This research offers substantial insight into the emerging problems and adaptation capacities of cities by
analysing the relationship between urban regeneration and urban resilience based on the findings of a field study, which represents
the original value of the study.

Kastamonu ilinin en önemli imaj öğelerinden biri olan ve kent makroformunda temel belirleyici bir... more Kastamonu ilinin en önemli imaj öğelerinden biri olan ve kent makroformunda temel belirleyici bir doğal eşik olarak görülmesi gereken Karaçomak Deresi, kamusal potansiyeli açısından yeterli bir şekilde değerlendirilememektedir. Kastamonu İli, kentsel kimliğinin oluşumunda tarihi bir öneme sahip olan dere ve buna bağlı fiziksel çevre, tüm belirleyiciliğine rağmen kent hayatında ikinci planda kalmaktadır. Akarsu öğesinin kentsel mekandaki

Journal of Housing and the Built Environment

In the mid-1990s, one of the main objectives of housing policy in the Netherlands was to stimulat... more In the mid-1990s, one of the main objectives of housing policy in the Netherlands was to stimulate the integration of diverse socioeconomic groups through housing strategies, with the goal being to create social cohesion and to address the problems encountered in low-income neighborhoods. Existing literature has studied the impact of social mix policies and policy interventions, concentrating on such outcomes as the spatial consequences of these policies in postwar neighborhoods; macro scale transformations in social mix areas; or shared perceptions of community in gentrifying neighborhoods. Taking a different perspective, this paper studies the impact of such policies at the individual interaction level to assess whether social mix policies can lead to new forms of interaction between the existing residents and newcomers, and consequently, to further cohesion in the area or city from a broader perspective. The paper studies the interaction between new and former neighbors inside out in a special area, Amsterdam Nieuw West neighborhood, Kolenkitbuurt Zuidelijk Veld 1-2, which is recognized as being one of the most deprived neighborhoods in the country. The research of the Kolenkitbuurt case shows clearly that social interactions between the Dutch-Turkish and the new native Dutch residents have been limited to more casual or neither positive nor negative interactions.

MEGARON / Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Architecture E-Journal

ülkelerinin sosyal konut ve kentsel yenileme politikalarında meydana gelen en önemli değişiklikle... more ülkelerinin sosyal konut ve kentsel yenileme politikalarında meydana gelen en önemli değişikliklerden biri "Karma Gelirli Konut" stratejisidir. Bu strateji, toplum ekonomik ve sosyal yönden harmanlandığında, buna uygun mekânlar üretildiğinde ve temel kamu hizmetleri sağlandığında yoksulluğun daha kolay çözüleceği ve toplum fonksiyonlarının daha iyi çalışacağı varsayımına dayanır. Kentsel dönüşümün sadece fiziksel boyutta ele alınmasının yarattığı sorunlar, kentsel yenileme politikalarının "sürdürülebilirlik, çeşitlilik ve yerel halk katılımı" parametreleri üzerinden daha geniş-kapsamlı ve daha uzun soluklu bir süreç olarak ele alınmasına yol açmıştır. Türkiye'de ise 2000'li yıllarda özellikle dar gelirli kesimlerin konut alanlarına yönelen kentsel dönüşüm uygulamalarında, mevcut konutlar yıkılmakta ve hak sahipleri kimi zaman aynı alanda, kimi zaman da kentin çeperinde genellikle Toplu Konut İdaresi (TOKİ) tarafından inşa edilen yüksek katlı bloklara taşınmaktır. Bu alanlarda inşa edilen konutlara hem gecekondu alanlarında yaşayan hak sahipleri hem de bu konutları satın alan farklı gelir gruplarına mensup kişiler yerleştirilmektedir. Bu uygulama, karma gelirli konut girişimlerine benzer sonuçlar üretmektedir. Ancak bu durum, yoksulluğun yoğunlaşmasının kötü etkilerini azaltmaya yönelik bilinçli bir dönüşüm stratejisinden çok, uygulamada ortaya çıkan bir benzerlikten kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu makalede, 1980'ler sonrasında izlenen konut politikalarının hem Türkiye'de hem de gelişmiş ülkelerde ortaya çıkardığı yeni sorunlar ve çözüm arayışları eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla irdelenecektir. Doktora tezi kapsamında yapılan bu çalışma, Türkiye'de gecekondu alanlarındaki dönüşüm uygulamalarının sosyo-mekânsal etkilerini ve "olumsal" olarak ortaya çıkan "karma gelirli konut" benzeri gelişimleri, Ankara'nın ilk ve en önemli gecekondu gelişimlerinin görüldüğü Ankara-Altındağ Tepesi Gültepe Mahallesi Kentsel Dönüşüm alanında yapılan araştırmanın sonuçlarına dayanarak tartışmayı hedeflemektedir. Anahtar sözcükler: Gecekondu; karma gelirli konut; kentsel dönüşüm; sosyal etkileşim; sosyal yönden karma. One of the important changes in both public housing areas and national urban renewal policies of North America and Western European countries in the 1990s is the "Mixed-Income Housing Strategy." It is grounded on the assumption that problems of poverty will be solved more easily and society will function more efficiently if the society is mixed in terms of society and economy and if suitable spatial organization are made and necessary public services provided. The problems related to transformations only in physical terms have led to a more comprehensive and longterm approach in urban transformation considering parameters such as "sustainability, diversity and participation." In Turkey, the current policy concerning particularly the housing areas of low-income groups constitutes demolishing the existing buildings and moving the titleholders to housing blocks built generally by Mass Housing Development Agency (TOKİ) in the same area or on the periphery of the city. Apart from the titleholders from demolished areas, the new flats are sold to households with a range of income levels. Hence, outcomes similar to those emerging from mixed-housing areas in western countries can be observed in these areas. However, this situation does not stem from a decisive policy of minimizing the negative effects of poverty concentration but from a similarity in practice. In this article, the housing policies of both developed western countries and Turkey, especially after the 1980s, will be explored. Based on the doctoral thesis, a case study was created between 2012 and 2015 on Gultepe Squatter Renewal Area in Altındag district, the first and most important squatter housing area of Ankara. Based on the findings of the case study, the social, economic, and spatial results of urban renewal practices in squatter housing areas as well as the contingent developments similar to mixed-income housing areas will be discussed.

Megaron, 2013

The large-scale migrations towards large cities that occurred in Turkey after the 1950s have brou... more The large-scale migrations towards large cities that occurred in Turkey after the 1950s have brought about many spatial and social problems. The massive migrant populations moving from rural areas to cities cannot be integrated with the city completely due to these problems. These groups, which settle in the city through informal channels, differentiate in social and economic dimension throughout the city in the course of time. Urban problems caused by the settlement pattern of the large-scale migration in large cities, socioeconomic differences and the change of migration quality constitute the spatial divergence. The scarcity of sources in cities and applications performed by upper local institutions on the formal section of the city have created urban inequality throughout the city and accelerated the divergence even further. This study aims to focus on divergences, which occur as a result of the migration movements and are caused by social, economic and spatial inequalities on the area of Ankara-Altındağ Hill Squatter Region. Within the scope of this objective, we examined the spatial segregation as both a physical and a social issue using quantitative and qualitative data. The spatial segregation in Eski Altındağ was followed profoundly in two stages as local plane and supra-local plane, with the help of interviews.

Sustainability

The relationship between the built environment and climate change has been discussed from many pe... more The relationship between the built environment and climate change has been discussed from many perspectives. This study examines the effect of the built environment on climate change indicators in Turkish provinces over the last 18 years, contributing to the literature on built environment analyses regarding both urban and rural areas, unlike other studies that have focused mostly on urban areas. The study discusses the changes in climate indicators using maps and analyzes the effects of the built environment on climate change using linear regression. The results indicate that provinces in Türkiye have experienced climate change effects such as increased annual mean temperature, maximum temperature, maximum precipitation, extreme weather events, and drought. These effects differed both in terms of geography and the subperiods over the examined period. The results also demonstrate the increase in the built environment to have a positive correlation with the increases in annual maximu...

MEGARON / Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Architecture E-Journal, 2013

Sustainability, 2023

The relationship between the built environment and climate change has been discussed from many pe... more The relationship between the built environment and climate change has been discussed from many perspectives. This study examines the effect of the built environment on climate change indicators in Turkish provinces over the last 18 years, contributing to the literature on built environment
analyses regarding both urban and rural areas, unlike other studies that have focused mostly on urban areas. The study discusses the changes in climate indicators using maps and analyzes the effects of the built environment on climate change using linear regression. The results indicate that provinces in Türkiye have experienced climate change effects such as increased annual mean temperature, maximum temperature, maximum precipitation, extreme weather events, and drought. These effects differed both in terms of geography and the subperiods over the examined period. The results also demonstrate the increase in the built environment to have a positive correlation with the increases in annual maximum temperature and the annual number of extreme weather events.
The built environment in Türkiye increased 63% between 1990 and 2018, and the average number of extreme weather events per province increased from 0.3 to 8 over this same period. At the same time, the average annual mean temperature increased from 12.9 to 15.1 C, the average maximum temperature went up from 24.6 to 25.8 C, the average annual maximum precipitation increased from 125.6 to 157.7 mm, and the average number of dry months per year increased from 3.4 to 3.8.

TMMOB Şehir Plancıları Odası, 2018

MEGARON / Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Architecture E-Journal, 2022

Since the turn of the century, there have been significant changes in the field of planning and i... more Since the turn of the century, there have been significant changes in the field of planning and in
the practices carried out for the sake of “urban regeneration” in Turkey that merit analysis. The
most important of these changes are represented by urban regeneration projects introduced to
mitigate disaster risk and increasing the quality of urban life. Urban regeneration projects in
Turkey continue to develop through segmental plan changes that lack scientific justification.
This type of approach not only leads to population growth exceeding the figures predicted in
the upper scale plan decisions of the city but also reduces the green areas, education and health
infrastructure, social facilities, and cultural facilities associated with population growth. This
pattern tends to compel people to live in a city where the quality of urban life has declined.
Increasing population density through segmental and project-based urban regeneration practices and deteriorating social due to density are the main reasons behind the diminished resilience of urban systems.
This paper analyses the relationship between “urban resilience” and “urban regeneration”
based on a field study conducted in Kayseri. The study examines the problems of increased
urban density and the incompatibility of the social infrastructure (in terms of adequacy and
location). To this end, all areas defined as “highly risky” between 2012 and 2020 in Kayseri in
accordance with the Law on the Transformation of Areas under Disaster Risk No.6306 were
analysed. Within the scope of the study, we examined the construction plan and plan explanation reports and found a “population growth rate” by comparing the population figures
before and after the implementation of the transformation plan. Then we assessed how the
population density increase reflects on the building density increase based on the “precedent/
building density change”. From the plan explanation report, we obtained the change in the
overall social infrastructure ratio brought about by population growth and examined this figure on the basis of m2
per capita.
In the examined projects, an average 47% increase was noted in the local population as a result
of the plans, with the highest increase being 84%. In addition, an average 2.08 times increase
was witnessed in building density, with the highest increase being eight-fold. As for social infrastructure areas, the average decrease in the square meters per capita was 20% in the studied projects, with the the most significant drop being 38%. While 40% of the social infrastructure areas in the projects were preserved,
10% were completely removed, and new proposals were made. Furthermore, 40% underwent a partial change in either size or location, and no new proposals were made in the remaining 10% of the social infrastructure areas. These findings indicate that the
maintenance of standards, mitigation of risk and provision of urban resilience, which are the main objectives of the Disaster Law,
have not been largely achieved. Deterioration of the standards for social infrastructure area together with the increase in population
and building density rates and changes in their function or location properties create open area inadequacy risks in areas to be used as
a potential assembly and discharge point in possible disasters and states of emergency. These developments also mean new risk levels
depending on different usage incompatibilities in areas such as the city centre (Sahabiye Phase 1 and 2 projects) and industrial zone
(Anbar project area), which have higher development and daytime population utilisation density rates. In addition, various threats
such as the problems that may be caused by potential building demolitions and night/day population differences may cause urban
texture risks, which can have an impact on the vulnerability of urban infrastructure. When open and green areas within the social
infrastructure areas are associated with building density and building order within the dense urban texture and are designed with
sufficient vegetation, there may also be advantages in terms of air circulation, the feeding of underground water resources during
precipitation, and reducing the urban heat island effect in extreme temperatures. However, the above-mentioned adverse factors lead
to a decrease in the adaptation capacity of cities in the face of possible disturbances. The resilience of cities will gradually decrease if
risk reduction is understood and implemented based only on the market mechanism in high-risk areas and with an approach that
only increases urban density. This research offers substantial insight into the emerging problems and adaptation capacities of cities by
analysing the relationship between urban regeneration and urban resilience based on the findings of a field study, which represents
the original value of the study.

Kastamonu ilinin en önemli imaj öğelerinden biri olan ve kent makroformunda temel belirleyici bir... more Kastamonu ilinin en önemli imaj öğelerinden biri olan ve kent makroformunda temel belirleyici bir doğal eşik olarak görülmesi gereken Karaçomak Deresi, kamusal potansiyeli açısından yeterli bir şekilde değerlendirilememektedir. Kastamonu İli, kentsel kimliğinin oluşumunda tarihi bir öneme sahip olan dere ve buna bağlı fiziksel çevre, tüm belirleyiciliğine rağmen kent hayatında ikinci planda kalmaktadır. Akarsu öğesinin kentsel mekandaki

Journal of Housing and the Built Environment

In the mid-1990s, one of the main objectives of housing policy in the Netherlands was to stimulat... more In the mid-1990s, one of the main objectives of housing policy in the Netherlands was to stimulate the integration of diverse socioeconomic groups through housing strategies, with the goal being to create social cohesion and to address the problems encountered in low-income neighborhoods. Existing literature has studied the impact of social mix policies and policy interventions, concentrating on such outcomes as the spatial consequences of these policies in postwar neighborhoods; macro scale transformations in social mix areas; or shared perceptions of community in gentrifying neighborhoods. Taking a different perspective, this paper studies the impact of such policies at the individual interaction level to assess whether social mix policies can lead to new forms of interaction between the existing residents and newcomers, and consequently, to further cohesion in the area or city from a broader perspective. The paper studies the interaction between new and former neighbors inside out in a special area, Amsterdam Nieuw West neighborhood, Kolenkitbuurt Zuidelijk Veld 1-2, which is recognized as being one of the most deprived neighborhoods in the country. The research of the Kolenkitbuurt case shows clearly that social interactions between the Dutch-Turkish and the new native Dutch residents have been limited to more casual or neither positive nor negative interactions.

MEGARON / Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Architecture E-Journal

ülkelerinin sosyal konut ve kentsel yenileme politikalarında meydana gelen en önemli değişiklikle... more ülkelerinin sosyal konut ve kentsel yenileme politikalarında meydana gelen en önemli değişikliklerden biri "Karma Gelirli Konut" stratejisidir. Bu strateji, toplum ekonomik ve sosyal yönden harmanlandığında, buna uygun mekânlar üretildiğinde ve temel kamu hizmetleri sağlandığında yoksulluğun daha kolay çözüleceği ve toplum fonksiyonlarının daha iyi çalışacağı varsayımına dayanır. Kentsel dönüşümün sadece fiziksel boyutta ele alınmasının yarattığı sorunlar, kentsel yenileme politikalarının "sürdürülebilirlik, çeşitlilik ve yerel halk katılımı" parametreleri üzerinden daha geniş-kapsamlı ve daha uzun soluklu bir süreç olarak ele alınmasına yol açmıştır. Türkiye'de ise 2000'li yıllarda özellikle dar gelirli kesimlerin konut alanlarına yönelen kentsel dönüşüm uygulamalarında, mevcut konutlar yıkılmakta ve hak sahipleri kimi zaman aynı alanda, kimi zaman da kentin çeperinde genellikle Toplu Konut İdaresi (TOKİ) tarafından inşa edilen yüksek katlı bloklara taşınmaktır. Bu alanlarda inşa edilen konutlara hem gecekondu alanlarında yaşayan hak sahipleri hem de bu konutları satın alan farklı gelir gruplarına mensup kişiler yerleştirilmektedir. Bu uygulama, karma gelirli konut girişimlerine benzer sonuçlar üretmektedir. Ancak bu durum, yoksulluğun yoğunlaşmasının kötü etkilerini azaltmaya yönelik bilinçli bir dönüşüm stratejisinden çok, uygulamada ortaya çıkan bir benzerlikten kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu makalede, 1980'ler sonrasında izlenen konut politikalarının hem Türkiye'de hem de gelişmiş ülkelerde ortaya çıkardığı yeni sorunlar ve çözüm arayışları eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla irdelenecektir. Doktora tezi kapsamında yapılan bu çalışma, Türkiye'de gecekondu alanlarındaki dönüşüm uygulamalarının sosyo-mekânsal etkilerini ve "olumsal" olarak ortaya çıkan "karma gelirli konut" benzeri gelişimleri, Ankara'nın ilk ve en önemli gecekondu gelişimlerinin görüldüğü Ankara-Altındağ Tepesi Gültepe Mahallesi Kentsel Dönüşüm alanında yapılan araştırmanın sonuçlarına dayanarak tartışmayı hedeflemektedir. Anahtar sözcükler: Gecekondu; karma gelirli konut; kentsel dönüşüm; sosyal etkileşim; sosyal yönden karma. One of the important changes in both public housing areas and national urban renewal policies of North America and Western European countries in the 1990s is the "Mixed-Income Housing Strategy." It is grounded on the assumption that problems of poverty will be solved more easily and society will function more efficiently if the society is mixed in terms of society and economy and if suitable spatial organization are made and necessary public services provided. The problems related to transformations only in physical terms have led to a more comprehensive and longterm approach in urban transformation considering parameters such as "sustainability, diversity and participation." In Turkey, the current policy concerning particularly the housing areas of low-income groups constitutes demolishing the existing buildings and moving the titleholders to housing blocks built generally by Mass Housing Development Agency (TOKİ) in the same area or on the periphery of the city. Apart from the titleholders from demolished areas, the new flats are sold to households with a range of income levels. Hence, outcomes similar to those emerging from mixed-housing areas in western countries can be observed in these areas. However, this situation does not stem from a decisive policy of minimizing the negative effects of poverty concentration but from a similarity in practice. In this article, the housing policies of both developed western countries and Turkey, especially after the 1980s, will be explored. Based on the doctoral thesis, a case study was created between 2012 and 2015 on Gultepe Squatter Renewal Area in Altındag district, the first and most important squatter housing area of Ankara. Based on the findings of the case study, the social, economic, and spatial results of urban renewal practices in squatter housing areas as well as the contingent developments similar to mixed-income housing areas will be discussed.

The present study aims to analyze the accessibility and adequacy of the emergency assembly areas ... more The present study aims to analyze the accessibility and adequacy of the emergency assembly areas (EAAs) in Kadıköy which has the highest ratio of at-risk buildings in Istanbul. Design/Methodology/Approach In this study, accessibility and adequacy of the EAAs are analyzed. To analyze the accessibility network analysis carried out within a geographic information system (GIS) program is used. Through an accessibility analysis, the ratio of the population that resides within 500 m walking distance of each EEA was ascertained. Furthermore, an adequacy analysis was carried out to measure the size of each emergency assembly area, and its adequacy for the population within its catchment area was analyzed. In addition, an accessibility and adequacy analysis were made of the social infrastructure facilities that have been defined as second-level emergency assembly areas. Findings According to the research findings, 57 percent of the current population of the district resides within 500 m of one or more of Kadıköy's 73 EEAs. It was found also that the emergency assembly areas accessible by three-quarters of the population within 500 m could be considered inadequate. Based on these findings, it was concluded that emergency assembly areas should be of adequate size, away from disaster risks and accessible to all residents, and that the standards for the open and closed areas within the emergency assembly areas should be defined in legislation and included as mandatory in future plans. Research Limitations/Implications The research was limited to Kadıköy which has the highest ratio of at-risk buildings in Istanbul. Originality/Value When evaluated alongside relevant studies regarding EAAs, the present study can be said to contribute to literature in its analysis of both the accessibility and adequacy of the existing EAAs and secondary assembly areas, taking a holistic approach, the study makes use of a network analysis method in the GIS program to identify the number of people living in each residential structure within the Kadıköy district. In addition, the study seeks to contribute further to literature by measuring the accessibility of social and technical infrastructure within the city planning discipline through a network analysis.

The large-scale migraions towards large ciies that occurred in Turkey ater the 1950s have brought... more The large-scale migraions towards large ciies that occurred in Turkey ater the 1950s have brought about many spaial and social problems. The massive migrant populaions moving from rural areas to ciies cannot be integrated with the city completely due to these problems. These groups, which setle in the city through informal channels, difereniate in social and economic dimension throughout the city in the course of ime. Urban problems caused by the setlement patern of the large-scale migraion in large ciies, socioeconomic diferences and the change of migraion quality consitute the spaial divergence. The scarcity of sources in ciies and applicaions performed by upper local insituions on the formal secion of the city have created urban inequality throughout the city and accelerated the divergence even further. This study aims to focus on divergences, which occur as a result of the migraion movements and are caused by social, economic and spaial inequaliies on the area of Ankara-Alındağ Hill Squater Region. Within the scope of this objecive, we examined the spaial segregaion as both a physical and a social issue using quanitaive and qualitaive data. The spaial segregaion in Eski Alındağ was followed profoundly in two stages as local plane and supra-local plane, with the help of interviews.