AYFER USTABAŞ | Istinye University (original) (raw)

Papers by AYFER USTABAŞ

Uluslararası Avrasya ekonomileri konferansı, Aug 1, 2016

The importance of technology and research and development (R&D) on economic development through i... more The importance of technology and research and development (R&D) on economic development through international trade has been discussed in many studies. However, the empirical studies focusing on the role of high technology exports has been limited. The study aims at filling this gap by evaluating the relationship between high technology exports and GDP per capita levels with structural unit root tests and cointegration methodologies for Turkey and South Korea for the 1989-2014 period. The following hypothesis is evaluated: by increasing high technology manufactured goods' exports, countries could increase their GDP per capita which also requires increased R&D that translates itself as high technology manufactured exports. The empirical methodology is as follows: both GDP per capita and high-tech exports variables are tested with traditional ADF, PP unit root and KPSS stationarity tests. The series are further evaluated with Zivot-Andrews single break and Lee-Strazicich two break unit root tests. The structural break tests are necessary; it is well-known that structural breaks lead to biased results in the traditional unit root and additionally in the cointegration tests. Lastly, both variables are tested for cointegration with Engle-Granger and Johansen tests by incorporating the break dates as exogenous dummy variables. The estimated models are further checked for parameter instability with CUSUM type tests. The results obtained for Turkey and South Korea are slightly different: i. both variables are cointegrated for both countries; ii. For South Korea, the positive impact of high-tech exports on GDP cannot be rejected in the long and short run; ii. This conclusion cannot be obtained for Turkey, iii. the parameter estimates for Turkey hint a limited positive effect of high tech exports in the short-run only. The results suggest that, in the future, Turkey should increase the investments in human capital and R&D directed to high tech exports to which could accelerate the economic growth.

Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi uluslararası sosyal bilimler dergisi, Oct 31, 2018

The aim of this study is to investigate the potential effects of widespread adoption of electric ... more The aim of this study is to investigate the potential effects of widespread adoption of electric vehicles on the employment, environment and foreign trade balance in Turkey based on the opinions of the managers working in this industry. Thus, reported here are in-depth interviews conducted through open-ended inquiries with a sampling comprising of five participants. Three participants are Managers of automotive firms providing sales and after-sales services for electric vehicles in Turkey. Fourth participant is a journalist who prepares television programs about the automotive industry for a national channel. Finally, the fifth participant is the manager of a nongovernmental organization working about electrical cars in Turkey. According to findings, establishment of public consciousness and trust, provision of financial incentives and export incentives and tax supports to consumers and producers come to the fore as the most important conditions. Participants' common view is that the increase in the market share of electrical cars might have positive effects on Turkey's economy through environment and foreign trade balance in the medium term. As regards employment, a clear consensus has not emerged.

The automotive industry is one of the most important engines of economic development thanks to it... more The automotive industry is one of the most important engines of economic development thanks to its contribution to employment, high value added creation capacity, production size, high share in global trade and attracting international investments. Therefore, changes in the industry affect the entire economy. After the election of Donald Trump in the United States, restrictions were put on international trade in various ways and protectionism came to the fore. In the study, it is aimed to analyze the intra-industry trade and competitiveness of the automotive industry products between the years of 2007-2017. In the analyzes, the products and countries where the US has the most intense intra-industry trade in the automotive industry have been examined and the change before and after the protectionist policies have been compared. Intra-industry trade has been calculated using the Grubel-Lloyd index. In the analyzes, Harmonized System 6-digit trade data from the World Bank supported WIT...

Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2021

Çelik endüstrisi, Türkiye'nin en büyük ihracat hacmine sahip sektörleri arasında yer almasının ya... more Çelik endüstrisi, Türkiye'nin en büyük ihracat hacmine sahip sektörleri arasında yer almasının yanı sıra otomotiv ve inşaat gibi birçok sektöre de temel girdi temin etmektedir. 2017 yılında Türkiye'nin toplam çelik ihracatının yüzde 15'i ABD'ye gerçekleştirilirken, bu oran ABD'nin Türkiye'ye yönelik uyguladığı korumacılık önlemleri sonrasında yüzde 3 seviyelerine kadar gerilemiştir. ABD'nin Türkiye'ye uyguladığı ek vergilerin yanı sıra hangi faktörlerin Türkiye'nin ABD'ye yaptığı çelik ihracatını etkilediğinin araştırılması bu çalışmanın çıkış noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı, 2014:01-2019:12 döneminde aylık veri seti kullanılarak, Türkiye'nin ABD'ye yaptığı çelik ihracatı ile reel döviz kuru ve ABD'nin sanayi üretim endeksi değişkenleri arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesidir. Bu amaçla analizde nedensellik ilişkisinin belirlenmesine yönelik Granger nedensellik testi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; Türkiye'nin ABD'ye çelik ihracatı ve ABD'nin sanayi üretim endeksi arasında çift yönlü nedensellik varken, reel döviz kurundan ABD sanayi üretim endeksine ve Türkiye'nin ABD'ye çelik ihracatına doğru tek yönlü nedensellik olduğu sonucu elde edilmiştir. Çalışmanın, özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkeler bağlamında korumacı önlemlere karşı geliştirilebilecek yeni politikaların belirlenmesi açısından önemli çıkarımları olabilir.

World Journal of Applied Economics

In many newly industrializing countries (NICs), increased international trade activities are ofte... more In many newly industrializing countries (NICs), increased international trade activities are often triggered by several advancements, including attracting foreign direct investment (FDI), financial development, and technological changes. Recently, abundant and diversified renewable energy sources used in production have also started to take their place among these advancements. Although the relationship between FDI, financial developments, and international trade for NICs has been analyzed in many studies, incorporating renewable energy supply’s impact in this linkage has been relatively narrow. This paper aims to fill the gap in the literature by investigating the effects of renewable energy supply on FDI, financial development, and international trade for newly industrialized countries using panel causality and panel cointegration analyses between 1990 and 2019. Our findings indicate (i) uni-directional causality running from international trade to financial development, (ii) uni-...

International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2016, 2016

Karadeniz Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2017

Öz Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, Türkiye'de ekonomiyi oluşturan tarım, sanayi ve hizmetler... more Öz Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, Türkiye'de ekonomiyi oluşturan tarım, sanayi ve hizmetler sektörlerindeki kadın istihdam oranlarını dünya verileriyle kıyaslamak ve ülkemizde bu sektörlerde çalışan kadınların iş gücüne katılımdaki yerlerini tespit etmektir. Araştırmanın ikinci amacı ise, bu sektörlerde kadın yöneticilerin kariyer yollarında karşılaştıkları muhtemel zorlukları ortaya koymaktır. Bu bağlamda, kadın yöneticilerin gerek özel hayatlarında üstlendikleri farklı roller gerekse iş yaşamında kadının yerine yönelik algılardan ve tutumlardan kaynaklanan sıkıntılarla karşılaşmış oldukları düşünülmektedir. Bu amaçla, orta ve üst düzey kadın yöneticilerden oluşan örneklem ile derinlemesine mülakatlar yapılmıştır. Araştırmada sanayi sektörünün kapsamı, Deloitte Araştırma şirketinin 2015 yılında ABD'de yaptığı kantitatif araştırma çerçevesinde belirlenmiştir. On beş kadın yönetici ile gerçekleştirilen derinlemesine mülakat sonuçları, Türkiye genelinde kadın çalışanlara yönelik yapılan araştırmaların, küçük bir grupta bile olsa yansımasını birebir göstermiştir. Araştırma kapsamında yöneltilen sorunları yaşamış ya da yaşamakta olan kadın yöneticilerin oranı % 54 ile %80 arasında değişmektedir.

Pamukkale University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 2020

The steel industry, one of Turkey's leading exporting sectors provide also main inputs for va... more The steel industry, one of Turkey's leading exporting sectors provide also main inputs for various sectors such as automotive and construction. While Turkey's total steel exports to the United States was 15 percent in 2017, this rate has decreased up to 3 percent after the protectionist measures applied by the U.S. administration against Turkey. Investigation of factors impacting Turkey's steel exports to the U.S. apart from the additional taxes that the U.S. applied to Turkey, constitutes the starting point of this study. In this context, the study aims to, using the monthly data set between 2014:01-2019:12, investigate the relationship between Turkey’s steel exports to the U.S. and the real exchange rate and the U.S. industrial production index variables. For this aim, Granger causality test was used to determine the causality relationship in the analysis. According to the results obtained; we found a two-way causality between Turkey's steel exports to the U.S. and...

Feminist Framing of Europeanisation

One of the crucial factors affecting economic growth in a society is the active participation of ... more One of the crucial factors affecting economic growth in a society is the active participation of individuals in labour market. Increasing female labour force participation is an indication of the efficiency and the quality of the labour force. Turkey has long supported the "family-oriented modernisation" concept (Sancar 2014: 307-315) which allows men to proceed at work while women ensure the family's welfare. Although Turkish women have a 40% share of managerial positions in Turkey's top companies (36% in the EU), and a 25% share of senior management positions (20% in the EU), it is obvious that this picture does not reflect

Global automotive industry is on the verge of a significant transformation into the transition to... more Global automotive industry is on the verge of a significant transformation into the transition to electrified transportation. This transition affects not only the automobile supply chain but also the battery manufacturing because batteries constitute an important part of electrical cars’ production. Therefore, various manufacturers and countries are not only racing but also collaborating for battery manufacturing to be ahead of the technology race and hence improve their economic competitiveness and innovation capability. The aim of the study is to reveal the evolution of electrical vehicle battery manufacturing industry through the relationships between battery suppliers and electrical auto-makers by using the network analysis for 1997-2019 period. Another aim of the study is to investigate the role of these inter-firm relationships on determining the main actors of the electrical vehicle battery manufacturing industry. The study may have important implications to foresee the futur...

Otomotiv endustrisi, tum dunyada ekonomik buyumeyi saglayan en onemli endustrilerden bir tanesi o... more Otomotiv endustrisi, tum dunyada ekonomik buyumeyi saglayan en onemli endustrilerden bir tanesi olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu endustrinin gelismesi, baglantili oldugu diger sektorlerin de gelisimine neden olmaktadir. Tarihi 1800’lu yillara da yanan elektrikli otomobiller, otomotiv endustrisinin donum noktalarindan biri olan Icten Yanmali Motorlarin 1920’li yillar sonrasinda yayginlasmasi ile eski onemini yitirmistir. Ote yandan, 2000’li yillarda, fosil yakit rezervlerinin azalmasi, fiyatlarinin istikrarsizlasmasi ve cevre uzerindeki olumsuz etkileri ile ilgili bilinclenmenin artmasi sonucunda alternatif yakitli araclar ve bunlardan biri olan elektrikli otomobiller tekrar gundeme gelmistir. Bu calismada, cevrenin korunmasi ve fosil yakitlara bagimliligin azaltilmasi baglaminda gundeme gelen elektrikli otomobillerin gelisimi incelenmis ve bu otomobillerin Turkiye ekonomisine ve ozellikle dis ticaretine saglayacagi katkilar arastirilmistir. Sonuc olarak, cevre dostu olmalarinin yani si...

International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2017, Jul 1, 2017

Integration of women into the labor market has been a crucial indicator of economic development a... more Integration of women into the labor market has been a crucial indicator of economic development and social welfare. Although Turkey has taken important steps in terms of integrating with the world economy by shifting from an import-substituting industrialization model to an export-oriented growth strategy from the 1980s onward, female labor force participation rates and the significant regional variations in these rates indicate that women's integration into the labor force has still some ways to go to reach the level of EU and OECD countries. The influence of economic growth on female employment participation has been discussed in many studies. But, studies analyzing the interdependent relationship of female labor force participation and economic growth as well as the interplay of female labor force participation and sectoral GDP growth have been limited. The purpose of this study is to fill this gap by evaluating the relationships between female labor force participation rate and economic growth expressed by GDP per capita levels in Turkey for the 1990-2015 period, using data from the World Development Indicators (WDI) 2017 database of the World Bank. The empirical findings point to a strong correlation between the rate of female labor force participation in industry and services sectors and economic development.

International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2017, Oct 1, 2017

The economic contribution of the automotive industry, one of the leading industries in the global... more The economic contribution of the automotive industry, one of the leading industries in the global economy, has been studied in many studies. However, country-based studies on the possible impact of the increase in market share of environmentally-friendly vehicles, which is expected to be the third turning point of the automotive industry, are limited. The aim of this study is to explore the obstacles encountered in increasing the market share of electric vehicles included in environmentally friendly vehicles and to contribute to these researches by revealing the possible effects of this market share increases in automotive main and subsidiary industries in Turkey. In this context, reported here are in-depth interviews conducted through open-ended inquiries with a sampling comprising of three participants, a General Manager of one of the Turkey's leading automotive firms providing sales and aftersales services of electric vehicles in Turkey, a journalist who makes television programs about electric vehicles and the automotive industry and who continuously participates in many automotive fairs all over the world and finally an editor of a magazine publishing about electrical and hybrid cars in Turkey. According to findings, establishment of public consciousness and trust, provision of financial and physical incentives to consumers, allocation of production and export incentives and tax supports for producers come to the fore. Participants' common view is that the increase in the market share of these environmentally friendly as well as highly technological vehicles might have a positive effect on the economic growth of our country through production and employment.

Beykent Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi

International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management

The objective of this paper is to explore through in-depth interviews the reasons why diversity m... more The objective of this paper is to explore through in-depth interviews the reasons why diversity management initiatives targeting women is an important strategic management issue for companies. Interviewed are the human resource managers of two of Turkey’s leading business groups: a manager from the HR department of one of Turkey’s largest banks and the deputy general manager of a non-governmental organization. The evidence suggests that these firms exercise carefully honed policies aimed at fostering gender equality and to that end engage in a variety of activities targeting various human resource functions. Their motives appear to be to reinforce their corporate image, enhance employee satisfaction, and reap such anticipated rewards as greater productivity and increased innovation capability. The importance of company leadership is underlined as an antecedent to the adoption of gender-equality focussed diversity management. The study may have important implications for building sus...

Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi

Books by AYFER USTABAŞ

Dünden Bugüne Ekonomi Yazıları II, 2019

Otomotiv endüstrisi, gerek büyüklüğü gerekse de bağlantılı olduğu diğer endüstriler yoluyla birço... more Otomotiv endüstrisi, gerek büyüklüğü gerekse de bağlantılı olduğu
diğer endüstriler yoluyla birçok ülkede ekonominin temel kalkınma
kaynaklarından birini oluşturmaktadır.