Alejandro Rodiles | Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico (original) (raw)
Papers by Alejandro Rodiles
Megaregulation Contested
This chapter presents an analytical pathological appraisal of elite thinking and mobilization in ... more This chapter presents an analytical pathological appraisal of elite thinking and mobilization in Mexico after the Trump administration withdrew from TPP and forced Mexico to engage in NAFTA renegotiations. It examines the strategies developed by political and economic elites in response to the threat of trade war coming from Mexico’s most important trade partner. This analysis shows that, although Mexican elites developed sophisticated heuristics in order to confront the immediate challenge from the government in Washington DC, they did not engage in what should be a very important debate about Mexico’s role in the reconfigurations of global trade and order. This is a missed opportunity for Mexico which could affect its role in the ongoing reconfigurations of global trade and law, and thus its future stature in world politics.
The Global South and the Law and Governance of Global Security
The Oxford Handbook of the International Law of Global Security
This chapter examines the role of the Global South in international security. In a constantly cha... more This chapter examines the role of the Global South in international security. In a constantly changing global political environment, certain States from the South occupy a pivotal position when it comes to addressing specific security crises, be it due to their regional leadership or because they are otherwise regarded as indispensable brokers in highly complex political and cultural constellations. In terms of insecurity, the South is no longer primarily regarded as a bloody theatre of major power confrontation, but as a source of insecurity in and of itself. The chapter then considers some of the evolving contours of the law and governance of global security. There is a growing reliance on ad hoc arrangements that contribute to the decentralization and deformalization of the classical international security architecture centred on treaties and international institutions. Also, the merger of security and development is undergoing profound transformations, as shown by the ongoing Un...
International humanitarian law-making in Latin America: Between the international community, humanity, and extreme violence
Coalitions of the Willing and International Law
Non-Permanent Members of the United Nations Security Council and the Promotion of the International Rule of Law
Non-permanent members of the United Nations Security Council experience clear and well-known limi... more Non-permanent members of the United Nations Security Council experience clear and well-known limits. Yet, there are certain tools at their disposal which, beyond lucky political constellations, allow them to exercise a more systemic influence on the Council’s work and outcomes. These tools are of a juridical nature, often established and developed through the organ’s practice, but their efficient use depends primarily on diplomatic expertise and imagination channeled through informal venues. The present article shows how said tools have been used in the case of the promotion of the ‘international rule of law’. However contested the concept and restricted its practical consequences on the organ’s functions, the evolution of its promotion within the Security Council is both a demonstration of and a further vehicle for non-permanent members’ influence on this body. That this in turn serves to legitimate the Council under its current configuration can be seen critically. However, it seems important to underline that the UN Security Council’s efficiency depends ever more on the legitimacy that non-permanent members can best imprint on it. In a non-polar world, this tendency can be expected to increase.
Elected Members of the Security Council: Lame Ducks or Key Players?, 2019
Introduction: Induction of allergen tolerance through venom immunotherapy (VIT) remains the most ... more Introduction: Induction of allergen tolerance through venom immunotherapy (VIT) remains the most effective therapeutic tool in the treatment of patients allergic to hymenoptera venom. To date, majority of beneficial effects of VIT (and specific immunotherapy in general) have been associated with the alteration of phenotype and function of CD4+ T cells. Homeostasis and survival of CD4+ T cells is strictly related to signaling mediated by interleukin-7 (IL-7) and its receptor, IL-7R (CD127). To date, however, there are no data on the effects of hymenoptera venom immunotherapy on IL-7 nor IL-7R. Aim: Here, we evaluated short-term effects of wasp venom SIT on the expression of IL-7R on peripheral blood CD4+ T cells in wasp venom-sensitive patients within first 3 months of VIT. Material and methods: Peripheral blood was collected from wasp venom-sensitive patients in the course of ultra-rush immune therapy using Venomenhal Wespe (HAL Allergy). Assessment of IL-7 receptor within CD4+ lymphocytes was performed using immunostaining with fluorochrome-labeled monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometric analysis. Results: Although we found a trend to decreased expression of IL-7 receptor on CD4+ T cells within first 24 h of immunotherapy, however, in total, we did not demonstrate significant differences in frequencies of IL-7R-positive CD4+ T cells. Conclusions: Acquired results suggest that wasp venom SIT does not seem to affect frequencies of CD4+CD127+ T cells at early stages of therapy. However, no data on effects of VIT on T cell phenotype in long-term observation justify need for further studies on hymenoptera VIT effects on IL-7/IL-7R axis in context of allergen tolerance induction.
The design of UN sanctions through the interplay with informal arrangements
Research Handbook on UN Sanctions and International Law
The global insecure counterterrorism city
Research Handbook on International Law and Cities, 2021
Is There a ‘Populist’ International Law (in Latin America)?
Netherlands Yearbook of International Law, 2019
It is usually assumed that populism is hostile towards international law. However, this assumptio... more It is usually assumed that populism is hostile towards international law. However, this assumption is based on a particular version of populism (far-right) and of international law itself (that associated with the liberal international order). A closer look at the many manifestations of populism, actually reveals that different approaches to international law have been present across time and space. Taking Latin America as the case-study, this chapter shows that governments which have been labelled ‘populist’ have proactively advocated certain conceptions of international law. Conscious of their status in the semi-periphery, Peronismo in Argentina promoted a Cold War doctrine of equidistance to the major powers based on efforts of regional legal integration, while the government of Echeverria in Mexico became the major force behind the New International Economic Order (NIEO). Both represent early Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL). Based on Andean indigenous ontolog...
Executive power in foreing affairs: the case for inventing a mexican foreign relations law
Mexico
Duelling for Supremacy, 2019
Executive Power in Foreign Affairs
The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Foreign Relations Law, 2019
In Mexico, there is no legal field known as “foreign relations law.” The legal rules and principl... more In Mexico, there is no legal field known as “foreign relations law.” The legal rules and principles that regulate how the country relates to the outside world have been studied as a subfield of international law, known as “the relationship between the international and national legal orders.” This subfield has produced one stream of writings dealing with the prerogatives of the executive in the conduct of foreign policy, and a different one, on treaty-making and the role of treaties within the internal norm hierarchy. Although each approach portrays important aspects of the relationship between national law and international law, this chapter argues that both fail to comprehend that the legal principles and rules on foreign affairs operate at the interstices of these legal orders. In surveying the literature on executive power in external affairs as well as the scholarship on domestic treaty law, the chapter shows that the former has emerged within diplomatic elites, which are conce...
Anuario Mexicano de Derecho Internacional, 2012
La presente contribución describe brevemente el contexto político-jurídico, así como las preparac... more La presente contribución describe brevemente el contexto político-jurídico, así como las preparaciones y negociaciones que precedieron y resultaron en la adopción de la Resolución 1904 del Consejo de Seguridad de Naciones Unidas y en el establecimiento del Ombudsperson para el régimen de sanciones sobre Al-Qaeda y el Talibán. Si bien se reconoce que aún falta mucho por hacer para garantizar plenamente el respeto al debido proceso legal de los individuos y las entidades enlistadas, los autores argumentan que dicho cambio institucional es un logro destacado en el marco del emergente Estado de derecho global.
Anuario Mexicano de Derecho Internacional, 2007
La última guerra en Iraq dio a conocer el fenómeno llamado coalition of the willing. Sin embargo,... more La última guerra en Iraq dio a conocer el fenómeno llamado coalition of the willing. Sin embargo, la alianza militar ad hoc liderada por Estados Unidos de América no fue su primera manifestación, ni se trata del único tipo de coalición que actúa en la escena internacional. Si bien podemos ubicar los primeros antecedentes a principios del siglo XX, las coalitions continúan evolucionando, según lo demandan los nuevos temas globales que afrontan. Este artículo es un intento por identificar sus propiedades esenciales. Al mismo tiempo, se parte de la necesidad de ponerlas en contexto, con el fin de mostrar que, a pesar de su naturaleza política, inciden decididamente en el sistema de fuen- tes del derecho internacional y en las legislaciones nacionales.
The Great Promise of Comparative Public Law for Latin America
Oxford Scholarship Online, 2018
This chapter analyzes “ius constitutionale commune in Latin America” (ICCLA) in light of comparat... more This chapter analyzes “ius constitutionale commune in Latin America” (ICCLA) in light of comparative international law. For the proponents of ICCLA, this represents a common public law of the region that emerges through judicial dialogue among the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR) and Latin American national courts. This chapter questions this assumption, first by focusing on the ideological and theoretical genesis of this project, which is the product of a trans-regional academic discourse centered on a German conception of European constitutionalism (Gemeineuropäisches Verfassungsrecht). Next, it addresses the main features of the regional judicial dialogue, considering whether it truly reveals a pluralistic conversation, or instead denotes a monologue promoted by the IACHR. It argues that the latter comes closer to the truth, a conclusion that leads to a reconsideration of the pluralistic narrative about ICCLA. This, in turn, raises serious doubts about the emergence o...
Coalitions of the Willing in Context: The Interplay between Formality and Informality
Coalitions of the Willing and International Law
Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 2018
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is a rare neurodegenerative disease whose etiopathogenesis r... more Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is a rare neurodegenerative disease whose etiopathogenesis remains elusive. The intraneuronal accumulation of hyperphosphorylated Tau, a pivotal protein in regulating microtubules (MT), leads to include PSP into tauopathies. Pathological hallmarks are well known in neural cells but no word yet if PSP-linked dysfunctions occur also in other cell types. We focused on bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) that have recently gained attention for therapeutic interventions due to their anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and trophic properties. Here, we aimed to investigate MSCs biology and to disclose if any disease-linked defect occurs in this non-neuronal compartment. First, we found that cells obtained from patients showed altered morphology and growth. Next, Western blotting analysis unravelled the imbalance in a-tubulin post-translational modifications and in MT stability. Interestingly, MT mass is significantly decreased in patient cells at baseline and differently changes overtime compared to controls, suggesting their inability to efficiently remodel MT cytoskeleton during ageing in culture. Thus, our results provide the first evidence that defects in MT regulation and stability occur and are detectable in a non-neuronal compartment in patients with PSP. We suggest that MSCs could be a novel model system for unravelling cellular processes implicated in this neurodegenerative disorder.
The Tensions Between Local Resilience-Building and Transnational Action
The Globalisation of Urban Governance, 2018
The Law and Politics of the Pro Persona Principle in Latin America
The Interpretation of International Law by Domestic Courts, 2016
AJIL Unbound
In “Making Sense of Security,” J. Benton Heath convincingly argues that the concept of security s... more In “Making Sense of Security,” J. Benton Heath convincingly argues that the concept of security should be understood as a struggle for epistemic authority. Heath develops a comprehensive typology that helps to understand the processes through which people make sense of the term security, while it also helps identifying the legal and political practices involved. However, as he rightly observes, these approaches to security are “not stable equilibria but rather more like quantum states, in which each type contains the potential for the others.”1 Global counterterrorism law powerfully illustrates this evolution. In particular, the growing field of preventing and countering violent extremism (P/CVE) reveals a flow of security conceptions, including realist, widened, and discursive security. Applying Heath's typology to this field shows that evolving rationales have set in motion normative practices, which are difficult to trace from within a traditional international security law f...
Megaregulation Contested
This chapter presents an analytical pathological appraisal of elite thinking and mobilization in ... more This chapter presents an analytical pathological appraisal of elite thinking and mobilization in Mexico after the Trump administration withdrew from TPP and forced Mexico to engage in NAFTA renegotiations. It examines the strategies developed by political and economic elites in response to the threat of trade war coming from Mexico’s most important trade partner. This analysis shows that, although Mexican elites developed sophisticated heuristics in order to confront the immediate challenge from the government in Washington DC, they did not engage in what should be a very important debate about Mexico’s role in the reconfigurations of global trade and order. This is a missed opportunity for Mexico which could affect its role in the ongoing reconfigurations of global trade and law, and thus its future stature in world politics.
The Global South and the Law and Governance of Global Security
The Oxford Handbook of the International Law of Global Security
This chapter examines the role of the Global South in international security. In a constantly cha... more This chapter examines the role of the Global South in international security. In a constantly changing global political environment, certain States from the South occupy a pivotal position when it comes to addressing specific security crises, be it due to their regional leadership or because they are otherwise regarded as indispensable brokers in highly complex political and cultural constellations. In terms of insecurity, the South is no longer primarily regarded as a bloody theatre of major power confrontation, but as a source of insecurity in and of itself. The chapter then considers some of the evolving contours of the law and governance of global security. There is a growing reliance on ad hoc arrangements that contribute to the decentralization and deformalization of the classical international security architecture centred on treaties and international institutions. Also, the merger of security and development is undergoing profound transformations, as shown by the ongoing Un...
International humanitarian law-making in Latin America: Between the international community, humanity, and extreme violence
Coalitions of the Willing and International Law
Non-Permanent Members of the United Nations Security Council and the Promotion of the International Rule of Law
Non-permanent members of the United Nations Security Council experience clear and well-known limi... more Non-permanent members of the United Nations Security Council experience clear and well-known limits. Yet, there are certain tools at their disposal which, beyond lucky political constellations, allow them to exercise a more systemic influence on the Council’s work and outcomes. These tools are of a juridical nature, often established and developed through the organ’s practice, but their efficient use depends primarily on diplomatic expertise and imagination channeled through informal venues. The present article shows how said tools have been used in the case of the promotion of the ‘international rule of law’. However contested the concept and restricted its practical consequences on the organ’s functions, the evolution of its promotion within the Security Council is both a demonstration of and a further vehicle for non-permanent members’ influence on this body. That this in turn serves to legitimate the Council under its current configuration can be seen critically. However, it seems important to underline that the UN Security Council’s efficiency depends ever more on the legitimacy that non-permanent members can best imprint on it. In a non-polar world, this tendency can be expected to increase.
Elected Members of the Security Council: Lame Ducks or Key Players?, 2019
Introduction: Induction of allergen tolerance through venom immunotherapy (VIT) remains the most ... more Introduction: Induction of allergen tolerance through venom immunotherapy (VIT) remains the most effective therapeutic tool in the treatment of patients allergic to hymenoptera venom. To date, majority of beneficial effects of VIT (and specific immunotherapy in general) have been associated with the alteration of phenotype and function of CD4+ T cells. Homeostasis and survival of CD4+ T cells is strictly related to signaling mediated by interleukin-7 (IL-7) and its receptor, IL-7R (CD127). To date, however, there are no data on the effects of hymenoptera venom immunotherapy on IL-7 nor IL-7R. Aim: Here, we evaluated short-term effects of wasp venom SIT on the expression of IL-7R on peripheral blood CD4+ T cells in wasp venom-sensitive patients within first 3 months of VIT. Material and methods: Peripheral blood was collected from wasp venom-sensitive patients in the course of ultra-rush immune therapy using Venomenhal Wespe (HAL Allergy). Assessment of IL-7 receptor within CD4+ lymphocytes was performed using immunostaining with fluorochrome-labeled monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometric analysis. Results: Although we found a trend to decreased expression of IL-7 receptor on CD4+ T cells within first 24 h of immunotherapy, however, in total, we did not demonstrate significant differences in frequencies of IL-7R-positive CD4+ T cells. Conclusions: Acquired results suggest that wasp venom SIT does not seem to affect frequencies of CD4+CD127+ T cells at early stages of therapy. However, no data on effects of VIT on T cell phenotype in long-term observation justify need for further studies on hymenoptera VIT effects on IL-7/IL-7R axis in context of allergen tolerance induction.
The design of UN sanctions through the interplay with informal arrangements
Research Handbook on UN Sanctions and International Law
The global insecure counterterrorism city
Research Handbook on International Law and Cities, 2021
Is There a ‘Populist’ International Law (in Latin America)?
Netherlands Yearbook of International Law, 2019
It is usually assumed that populism is hostile towards international law. However, this assumptio... more It is usually assumed that populism is hostile towards international law. However, this assumption is based on a particular version of populism (far-right) and of international law itself (that associated with the liberal international order). A closer look at the many manifestations of populism, actually reveals that different approaches to international law have been present across time and space. Taking Latin America as the case-study, this chapter shows that governments which have been labelled ‘populist’ have proactively advocated certain conceptions of international law. Conscious of their status in the semi-periphery, Peronismo in Argentina promoted a Cold War doctrine of equidistance to the major powers based on efforts of regional legal integration, while the government of Echeverria in Mexico became the major force behind the New International Economic Order (NIEO). Both represent early Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL). Based on Andean indigenous ontolog...
Executive power in foreing affairs: the case for inventing a mexican foreign relations law
Mexico
Duelling for Supremacy, 2019
Executive Power in Foreign Affairs
The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Foreign Relations Law, 2019
In Mexico, there is no legal field known as “foreign relations law.” The legal rules and principl... more In Mexico, there is no legal field known as “foreign relations law.” The legal rules and principles that regulate how the country relates to the outside world have been studied as a subfield of international law, known as “the relationship between the international and national legal orders.” This subfield has produced one stream of writings dealing with the prerogatives of the executive in the conduct of foreign policy, and a different one, on treaty-making and the role of treaties within the internal norm hierarchy. Although each approach portrays important aspects of the relationship between national law and international law, this chapter argues that both fail to comprehend that the legal principles and rules on foreign affairs operate at the interstices of these legal orders. In surveying the literature on executive power in external affairs as well as the scholarship on domestic treaty law, the chapter shows that the former has emerged within diplomatic elites, which are conce...
Anuario Mexicano de Derecho Internacional, 2012
La presente contribución describe brevemente el contexto político-jurídico, así como las preparac... more La presente contribución describe brevemente el contexto político-jurídico, así como las preparaciones y negociaciones que precedieron y resultaron en la adopción de la Resolución 1904 del Consejo de Seguridad de Naciones Unidas y en el establecimiento del Ombudsperson para el régimen de sanciones sobre Al-Qaeda y el Talibán. Si bien se reconoce que aún falta mucho por hacer para garantizar plenamente el respeto al debido proceso legal de los individuos y las entidades enlistadas, los autores argumentan que dicho cambio institucional es un logro destacado en el marco del emergente Estado de derecho global.
Anuario Mexicano de Derecho Internacional, 2007
La última guerra en Iraq dio a conocer el fenómeno llamado coalition of the willing. Sin embargo,... more La última guerra en Iraq dio a conocer el fenómeno llamado coalition of the willing. Sin embargo, la alianza militar ad hoc liderada por Estados Unidos de América no fue su primera manifestación, ni se trata del único tipo de coalición que actúa en la escena internacional. Si bien podemos ubicar los primeros antecedentes a principios del siglo XX, las coalitions continúan evolucionando, según lo demandan los nuevos temas globales que afrontan. Este artículo es un intento por identificar sus propiedades esenciales. Al mismo tiempo, se parte de la necesidad de ponerlas en contexto, con el fin de mostrar que, a pesar de su naturaleza política, inciden decididamente en el sistema de fuen- tes del derecho internacional y en las legislaciones nacionales.
The Great Promise of Comparative Public Law for Latin America
Oxford Scholarship Online, 2018
This chapter analyzes “ius constitutionale commune in Latin America” (ICCLA) in light of comparat... more This chapter analyzes “ius constitutionale commune in Latin America” (ICCLA) in light of comparative international law. For the proponents of ICCLA, this represents a common public law of the region that emerges through judicial dialogue among the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR) and Latin American national courts. This chapter questions this assumption, first by focusing on the ideological and theoretical genesis of this project, which is the product of a trans-regional academic discourse centered on a German conception of European constitutionalism (Gemeineuropäisches Verfassungsrecht). Next, it addresses the main features of the regional judicial dialogue, considering whether it truly reveals a pluralistic conversation, or instead denotes a monologue promoted by the IACHR. It argues that the latter comes closer to the truth, a conclusion that leads to a reconsideration of the pluralistic narrative about ICCLA. This, in turn, raises serious doubts about the emergence o...
Coalitions of the Willing in Context: The Interplay between Formality and Informality
Coalitions of the Willing and International Law
Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 2018
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is a rare neurodegenerative disease whose etiopathogenesis r... more Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is a rare neurodegenerative disease whose etiopathogenesis remains elusive. The intraneuronal accumulation of hyperphosphorylated Tau, a pivotal protein in regulating microtubules (MT), leads to include PSP into tauopathies. Pathological hallmarks are well known in neural cells but no word yet if PSP-linked dysfunctions occur also in other cell types. We focused on bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) that have recently gained attention for therapeutic interventions due to their anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and trophic properties. Here, we aimed to investigate MSCs biology and to disclose if any disease-linked defect occurs in this non-neuronal compartment. First, we found that cells obtained from patients showed altered morphology and growth. Next, Western blotting analysis unravelled the imbalance in a-tubulin post-translational modifications and in MT stability. Interestingly, MT mass is significantly decreased in patient cells at baseline and differently changes overtime compared to controls, suggesting their inability to efficiently remodel MT cytoskeleton during ageing in culture. Thus, our results provide the first evidence that defects in MT regulation and stability occur and are detectable in a non-neuronal compartment in patients with PSP. We suggest that MSCs could be a novel model system for unravelling cellular processes implicated in this neurodegenerative disorder.
The Tensions Between Local Resilience-Building and Transnational Action
The Globalisation of Urban Governance, 2018
The Law and Politics of the Pro Persona Principle in Latin America
The Interpretation of International Law by Domestic Courts, 2016
AJIL Unbound
In “Making Sense of Security,” J. Benton Heath convincingly argues that the concept of security s... more In “Making Sense of Security,” J. Benton Heath convincingly argues that the concept of security should be understood as a struggle for epistemic authority. Heath develops a comprehensive typology that helps to understand the processes through which people make sense of the term security, while it also helps identifying the legal and political practices involved. However, as he rightly observes, these approaches to security are “not stable equilibria but rather more like quantum states, in which each type contains the potential for the others.”1 Global counterterrorism law powerfully illustrates this evolution. In particular, the growing field of preventing and countering violent extremism (P/CVE) reveals a flow of security conceptions, including realist, widened, and discursive security. Applying Heath's typology to this field shows that evolving rationales have set in motion normative practices, which are difficult to trace from within a traditional international security law f...