khalid qahman | Islamic University of Gaza (original) (raw)
Papers by khalid qahman
coordinates for Master Wells in Gaza stripcoordinates for Master Wells in Gaza stri
Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, Feb 15, 2016
The ongoing depletion of the coastal aquifer in the Gaza strip due to groundwater overexploitatio... more The ongoing depletion of the coastal aquifer in the Gaza strip due to groundwater overexploitation has led to the process of seawater intrusion, which is continually becoming a serious problem in Gaza, as the seawater has further invaded into many sections along the coastal shoreline. Prediction of the future behaviour of the seawater intrusion process in the Gaza aquifer is thus of crucial importance to safeguard the already scarce groundwater resources in the region. In this paper the coupled three-dimensional groundwater flow and density-dependent solute transport model SEAWAT, as implemented in Visual MODFLOW, is applied to the Gaza coastal aquifer system to simulate the location and the dynamics of the saltwater-freshwater interface in the aquifer in the time period 2000-2010. A very good agreement between simulated and observed TDS salinities with a correlation coefficient of 0.902 and 0.883 for both steady-state and transient calibration is obtained. After successful calibration of the solute transport model, numerous management scenarios schemes are examined to maintain the ground water system and to control the salinity distributions within the target period 2011-2040. In the first, pessimistic scenario, it is assumed that pumping from the aquifer continues to increase in the near future to meet the rising water demand, and that there is not further recharge to the aquifer than what is provided by natural precipitation. The second, optimistic scenario assumes that treated surficial wastewater can be used as a source of additional artificial recharge to the aquifer which, in principle, should not only lead to an increased sustainable yield of the latter, but could, in the best of all cases, revert even some of the adverse present-day conditions in the aquifer, i.e., seawater intrusion. This scenario has been done with three different cases which differ by the locations and the extensions of the injection-fields for the treated wastewater. The results obtained with the first (do-nothing) scenario indicate that there will be ongoing negative impacts on the aquifer, such as a higher propensity for strong seawater intrusion into the Gaza aquifer. This scenario illustrates that, compared with 2010 situation of the baseline model, at the end of simulation period, year 2040, the amount of saltwater intrusion into the coastal aquifer will be increased by about 35 %, whereas the salinity will be increased by 34 %. In contrast, all three cases of the second (artificial recharge) scenario group can partly revert the present seawater intrusion. From the water budget point of view, compared with the first (do nothing) scenario, for year 2040, the water added to the aquifer by artificial recharge will reduces the amount of water entering the aquifer by seawater intrusion by 81, 77 and 72 %, for the three recharge cases, respectively. Meanwhile, the salinity in the Gaza aquifer will be decreased by 15, 32 and 26% for the three cases, respectively.
Avarage Monthly Precipitation in Gaza Strip (1999-2005)Avarage Monthly Precipitation in Gaza Stri... more Avarage Monthly Precipitation in Gaza Strip (1999-2005)Avarage Monthly Precipitation in Gaza Strip (1999-2005
Top and Bottom Screen for Municipal wells in Gaza strip in (1998,2000,2007)Top and Bottom Screen ... more Top and Bottom Screen for Municipal wells in Gaza strip in (1998,2000,2007)Top and Bottom Screen for Municipal wells in Gaza strip in (1998,2000,2007
Evaporation data is available 1991-2006Evaporation data is available 1991-200
Average production of municipal wells during the period 1997-2008Average production of municipal ... more Average production of municipal wells during the period 1997-2008Average production of municipal wells during the period 1997-200
Rainfall data are availble from the meteorological stations in GazaRainfall data are availble fro... more Rainfall data are availble from the meteorological stations in GazaRainfall data are availble from the meteorological stations in Gaz
Annual rainfall in Gaza and Deir al - Balah (1997-2007)Annual rainfall in Gaza and Deir al - Bala... more Annual rainfall in Gaza and Deir al - Balah (1997-2007)Annual rainfall in Gaza and Deir al - Balah (1997-2007
Data for Illegal Wells in Gaza stripData for Illegal Wells in Gaza stri
Average daily sunshine hours from 1999 to 2005Average daily sunshine hours from 1999 to 200
Temperature data for the period(1996-2005) are availble from the meteorological stations in GazaT... more Temperature data for the period(1996-2005) are availble from the meteorological stations in GazaTemperature data for the period(1996-2005) are availble from the meteorological stations in Gaz
coordinates and Data for Master Wells in Gaza stripcoordinates and Data for Master Wells in Gaza ... more coordinates and Data for Master Wells in Gaza stripcoordinates and Data for Master Wells in Gaza stri
Average production of municipal wells during the period 1997-2006Average production of municipal ... more Average production of municipal wells during the period 1997-2006Average production of municipal wells during the period 1997-200
Daily readings and summary 1973-2011availble from the meteorological stations in Gaza StripDaily ... more Daily readings and summary 1973-2011availble from the meteorological stations in Gaza StripDaily readings and summary 1973-2011availble from the meteorological stations in Gaza Stri
Water level measurements of points in the gaza strip during the period (1935-2008)Water level mea... more Water level measurements of points in the gaza strip during the period (1935-2008)Water level measurements of points in the gaza strip during the period (1935-2008
Topography and coordinates for aquifers in Gaza stripTopography and coordinates for aquifers in G... more Topography and coordinates for aquifers in Gaza stripTopography and coordinates for aquifers in Gaza stri
Groundwater quality( Electrical Conductivity ,Total Dissolved Solids , Nitrate and Chloride)for G... more Groundwater quality( Electrical Conductivity ,Total Dissolved Solids , Nitrate and Chloride)for Gaza Strip Wells During the period(1970-2008)
coordinates for Master Wells in Gaza stripcoordinates for Master Wells in Gaza stri
Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, Feb 15, 2016
The ongoing depletion of the coastal aquifer in the Gaza strip due to groundwater overexploitatio... more The ongoing depletion of the coastal aquifer in the Gaza strip due to groundwater overexploitation has led to the process of seawater intrusion, which is continually becoming a serious problem in Gaza, as the seawater has further invaded into many sections along the coastal shoreline. Prediction of the future behaviour of the seawater intrusion process in the Gaza aquifer is thus of crucial importance to safeguard the already scarce groundwater resources in the region. In this paper the coupled three-dimensional groundwater flow and density-dependent solute transport model SEAWAT, as implemented in Visual MODFLOW, is applied to the Gaza coastal aquifer system to simulate the location and the dynamics of the saltwater-freshwater interface in the aquifer in the time period 2000-2010. A very good agreement between simulated and observed TDS salinities with a correlation coefficient of 0.902 and 0.883 for both steady-state and transient calibration is obtained. After successful calibration of the solute transport model, numerous management scenarios schemes are examined to maintain the ground water system and to control the salinity distributions within the target period 2011-2040. In the first, pessimistic scenario, it is assumed that pumping from the aquifer continues to increase in the near future to meet the rising water demand, and that there is not further recharge to the aquifer than what is provided by natural precipitation. The second, optimistic scenario assumes that treated surficial wastewater can be used as a source of additional artificial recharge to the aquifer which, in principle, should not only lead to an increased sustainable yield of the latter, but could, in the best of all cases, revert even some of the adverse present-day conditions in the aquifer, i.e., seawater intrusion. This scenario has been done with three different cases which differ by the locations and the extensions of the injection-fields for the treated wastewater. The results obtained with the first (do-nothing) scenario indicate that there will be ongoing negative impacts on the aquifer, such as a higher propensity for strong seawater intrusion into the Gaza aquifer. This scenario illustrates that, compared with 2010 situation of the baseline model, at the end of simulation period, year 2040, the amount of saltwater intrusion into the coastal aquifer will be increased by about 35 %, whereas the salinity will be increased by 34 %. In contrast, all three cases of the second (artificial recharge) scenario group can partly revert the present seawater intrusion. From the water budget point of view, compared with the first (do nothing) scenario, for year 2040, the water added to the aquifer by artificial recharge will reduces the amount of water entering the aquifer by seawater intrusion by 81, 77 and 72 %, for the three recharge cases, respectively. Meanwhile, the salinity in the Gaza aquifer will be decreased by 15, 32 and 26% for the three cases, respectively.
Avarage Monthly Precipitation in Gaza Strip (1999-2005)Avarage Monthly Precipitation in Gaza Stri... more Avarage Monthly Precipitation in Gaza Strip (1999-2005)Avarage Monthly Precipitation in Gaza Strip (1999-2005
Top and Bottom Screen for Municipal wells in Gaza strip in (1998,2000,2007)Top and Bottom Screen ... more Top and Bottom Screen for Municipal wells in Gaza strip in (1998,2000,2007)Top and Bottom Screen for Municipal wells in Gaza strip in (1998,2000,2007
Evaporation data is available 1991-2006Evaporation data is available 1991-200
Average production of municipal wells during the period 1997-2008Average production of municipal ... more Average production of municipal wells during the period 1997-2008Average production of municipal wells during the period 1997-200
Rainfall data are availble from the meteorological stations in GazaRainfall data are availble fro... more Rainfall data are availble from the meteorological stations in GazaRainfall data are availble from the meteorological stations in Gaz
Annual rainfall in Gaza and Deir al - Balah (1997-2007)Annual rainfall in Gaza and Deir al - Bala... more Annual rainfall in Gaza and Deir al - Balah (1997-2007)Annual rainfall in Gaza and Deir al - Balah (1997-2007
Data for Illegal Wells in Gaza stripData for Illegal Wells in Gaza stri
Average daily sunshine hours from 1999 to 2005Average daily sunshine hours from 1999 to 200
Temperature data for the period(1996-2005) are availble from the meteorological stations in GazaT... more Temperature data for the period(1996-2005) are availble from the meteorological stations in GazaTemperature data for the period(1996-2005) are availble from the meteorological stations in Gaz
coordinates and Data for Master Wells in Gaza stripcoordinates and Data for Master Wells in Gaza ... more coordinates and Data for Master Wells in Gaza stripcoordinates and Data for Master Wells in Gaza stri
Average production of municipal wells during the period 1997-2006Average production of municipal ... more Average production of municipal wells during the period 1997-2006Average production of municipal wells during the period 1997-200
Daily readings and summary 1973-2011availble from the meteorological stations in Gaza StripDaily ... more Daily readings and summary 1973-2011availble from the meteorological stations in Gaza StripDaily readings and summary 1973-2011availble from the meteorological stations in Gaza Stri
Water level measurements of points in the gaza strip during the period (1935-2008)Water level mea... more Water level measurements of points in the gaza strip during the period (1935-2008)Water level measurements of points in the gaza strip during the period (1935-2008
Topography and coordinates for aquifers in Gaza stripTopography and coordinates for aquifers in G... more Topography and coordinates for aquifers in Gaza stripTopography and coordinates for aquifers in Gaza stri
Groundwater quality( Electrical Conductivity ,Total Dissolved Solids , Nitrate and Chloride)for G... more Groundwater quality( Electrical Conductivity ,Total Dissolved Solids , Nitrate and Chloride)for Gaza Strip Wells During the period(1970-2008)