Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology (IJPCP) | Iran University of Medical Sciences (original) (raw)

Papers by Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology (IJPCP)

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology (IJPCP), 2024

Objectives The current study aims to report the effectiveness of multisystemic therapy-based inte... more Objectives The current study aims to report the effectiveness of multisystemic therapy-based intervention (MST-BI), an intensive family focused and community-based therapy, in treating conduct disorder (CD) and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviors in male adolescent with CD.
Methods The case was a 17-year-old boy who met the DSM-IV criteria for CD and NSSI behaviors. A 4-week baseline and repeated measure design (a 5-month intervention and 3-month follow-up) were used. The rule-breaking and aggression constructs of Achenbach systems empirically based assessment (ASEBA) as well as the inventory of statements about self-injury (ISAS) were used for assessment at baseline, during treatment and at the follow-up phase.
Results MST-BI reduced rule-breaking and aggressive behaviors. Also, it reduced NSSI behaviors. These outcomes were maintained for 3 months.
Conclusion MST-BI has the potential to treat CD symptoms and NSSI behaviors in male adolescents with CD.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology (IJPCP), 2024

Objectives Psychological problems in children are a significant public health concern. These prob... more Objectives Psychological problems in children are a significant public health concern. These problems can affect the well-being of children, their families, and peers and negatively impact the quality of their lives in adulthood. The present research aims to assess the relationship between mothers' adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and the internalizing and externalizing problems of children mediated by mothers' emotional dysregulation and mental capacity. Methods This is a correlational study using structural equation modeling. The study population consists of all married women with children aged 6-12 in Bushehr Province, Iran, who had registered information in the electronic comprehensive health services system in 2022. Utilizing a random cluster sampling method, 700 women were selected, of whom 632 completed the online questionnaires, including the child behavior checklist, the ACE questionnaire, the difficulties in emotion regulation scale, and the parental reflective functioning questionnaire. All analyses were performed in SPSS Software, version 26 and AMOS version 24 software. Results The ACE of mothers had a direct and significant relationship with their emotion regulation difficulties (β=0.363, P<0.001) and internalizing (β=0.182, P<0.001) and externalizing problems (β=0.201, P<0.001) of children. Additionally, the ACE in mothers had an indirect and significant relationship with their mental capacity (β=-0.125, P=0.006). The ACE of mothers also had an indirect and significant relationship with internalizing (β=0.126, P<0.001) and externalizing (β=0.134, P<0.001) problems of children through emotion dysregulation. The ACE of mothers also had an indirect and significant relationship with externalizing problems of children (β=0.011, P=0.039) through mental capacity. Conclusion Mothers' ACEs have a direct impact on their children's internalizing and externalizing problems. This relationship can also be mediated by their emotional dysregulation and mental capacity.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology (IJPCP), 2024

Objectives The care of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) pose a significant challenge ... more Objectives The care of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) pose a significant challenge for parents, especially mothers as their primary caregivers. Mothers of ASD children often feel shame and low psychological distress. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of group compassion-focused therapy on shame and distress tolerance of mothers of children with ASD.
Methods This is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test/post-test/follow-up design. The study population of consists of all mothers of children with ASD in Tehran, Iran, covered by the Iran Autism Association. The samples were selected using convenience and snowball sampling methods. Thirty mothers were randomly assigned to two groups of 15, including intervention and control. The internalized shame scale by Cook (1993), the Others as Shamer Scale by Goss (1994), and the Distress Tolerance Scale by Simons and Gaher (2005) were completed by both groups at pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up phases. The intervention group received eight one-hour sessions of group compassion-focused therapy. The data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS version 28.
Results The group compassion-focused therapy had a significant effect on reducing internalized shame, external shame, and increasing distress tolerance (P<0.01). The intervention had the greatest effect on distress tolerance with an effect size of 0.571, followed by internalized shame and external shame with effect sizes of 0.419 and 0.417, respectively.
Conclusion The group compassion-focused therapy can reduce shame and improve distress tolerance of mothers of children with ASD.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 2024

Objectives Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic musculoskeletal pain syndrome characterized b... more Objectives Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic musculoskeletal pain syndrome characterized by extensive pain, tender points, fatigue, and sleep disturbance, with unknown etiology. This study aims to investigate the effect of cognitive-behavioral stress management (CBSM) therapy on pain perception, chronic fatigue and cognitive empowerment of women with FMS.
Methods This is randomized clinical trial with a pre-test/post-test design. The study population consists of all women suffering from FMS who visited the rheumatology specialists in Tabriz, Iran, in 2023. Of these, 36 eligible patients were selected using a convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to two groups of 18 including intervention (received CBSM therapy at 10 sessions of 90 minutes) and control (no intervention). Data collection tools included McGill pain questionnaire, the Chalder fatigue scale, and Thomas and Velthouse’s psychological empowerment scale. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to compare the groups.
Results The results of MANCOVA showed a significant difference in the components of pain perception (Sensory, affective, evaluative, and miscellaneous), chronic fatigue (psychological and physical), and cognitive empowerment (competence, self-determination, impact, meaning) between the two groups in the posttest phase (P<0.05).
Conclusion The CBSM therapy can improve pain perception, reduce chronic fatigue, and increase psychological empowerment of women with FMS.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 2024

Objectives This study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of t... more Objectives This study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Adaptive Coping with Disease (AKU) questionnaire for Iranian patients with chronic diseases.
Methods In this psychometrics study, participants were 477 patients with chronic diseases aged 16-79 years referred to medical centers in Tehran, Iran, who were selected using a convenience sampling method in 2022. They completed the Persian versions of the AKU, Lazarus’ Ways of Coping questionnaire (WCQ), and the 36-item short form health survey (SF-36). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) used for assessing the construct validity, while Pearson correlation test was used for determining the convergent validity. Reliability was determined using Cronbach’s alpha. Data analysis was conducted in SPSS software, version 27 and R package Laavan 4.3.2.
Results The CFA confirmed the six-factor structure of the AKU including Trust to Divine Help, Trust to Medical Help, Search Information and Alternative Help, Conscious Ways of Living, Positive Attitude, and Reappraisal, after excluding items 6 and 19. The fit indices showed the good fit of the CFA model (χ2/df= 2.32, RMSEA= 0.053, and CFI=0.949). The questionnaire had acceptable internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.82 for the overall scale and 0.59-0.81 for the six factors. The average variance extracted (AVE) was 0.53 and the composite reliability coefficient was 0.94, indicating the fit of the model for convergent validity. A significant correlation was found between the Persian AKU score and the scores of WCQ and SF-36, indicating a good convergent validity.
Conclusion The Persian AKU questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool that can be used in research and clinics on Iranian patients with chronic diseases.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 2024

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persia... more Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of Embodied Sense of Self Scale (ESSS). Methods This is a psychometrics study. Participants were 215 Iranian people (160 females and 55 males with a mean age of 33.34±10.81) who were different based on age, education level, marital status and place of residence. They were selected from the general population by a convenience sampling method in 2020-2022. After translating the Persian version of the ESSS, it was completed by the participants online, along with the dissociative experiences scale II (DES-II) and the prosocial tendencies measure (PTM). Data were analyzed in SPSS sifwaer, version 27 and R version 4.3.2 Lavaan package using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the average variance extracted (AVE), Pearson correlation test, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and McDonald's omega coefficient. Results The three-factor structure of the scale was not confirmed by the CFA but the two-factor solution (agency and narrative) had good fit. The AVE values for agency, narrative, and overall scale were 0.45, 0.52, and 0.42, respectively. The correlation coefficient of narrative and agency domains with subscales of DES-II were in the range of 0.33-0.55. The correlation values of agency and narrative with subscales of PTM were in the range of 0.17-0.30. The Persian ESSS had good convergent validity but had low divergent validity. Cronbach's alpha values for narrative and agency subscales were 0.86 and 0.83, respectively and McDonald's omega values were 0.84 for both subscales, indicating the good internal consistency of the two-factor structure of the Persian ESSS. Conclusion The Persian version of the ESSS with two subscales has acceptable validity and reliability for Iranian samples; however, exploratory factor analysis is needed to reach optimum validity.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology (IJPCP), 2024

Objectives This study aims to compare body image concern, self-compassion and emotion regulation ... more Objectives This study aims to compare body image concern, self-compassion and emotion regulation strategies in obese women with and without applying for metabolic weight-loss surgery.
Methods In this causal-comparative study, two groups of obese women with applying (n=80) and without applying (n=80) for metabolic surgery participated match for age and marital status, who were selected using a purposive sampling method from Milad Hospital in Tehran, Iran in 2023. The Body Image Concern inventory (BICI), the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) were used to collect data. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the data.
Results The BICI score was significantly higher in applicant women (F=215.129, df=160, P≤0.001). The applicant women had significantly lower SCS score in total (F=176.488, df=160, P≤0.001) and in domains of self-kindness (F=130.415, df=160, P≤0.001), human commonality (F=160.596, df=160, P≤0.001), and mindfulness (F=215.129, df=160, P≤.001), and higher score in domains of self-judgment (F=23.775, df=160, P≤0.001), isolation (F=51.530, df=160, P≤0.001) and over-identification (F=67.353, df=160, P≤0.001). In terms of CRQ score, there was no significant difference between the two groups in cognitive reappraisal domain, but a significant difference in expressive suppression was reported (F=438.531, df=160, P≤0.001).
Conclusion Obese women applying for metabolic surgery have more body image concern and lower self-compassion than non-applicants. Also, they mostly use expressive suppression strategy to regulate their emotions. Considering these factors before applying for metabolic surgery can be effective in increasing the efficiency of selective weight loss treatments.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology (IJPCP), 2024

Objectives Procrastination is one of the critical issues for university students and is associate... more Objectives Procrastination is one of the critical issues for university students and is associated with various psychological problems. This study examined the effectiveness of group compassion-focused intervention on procrastination, anxiety, and quality of life of (QoL) university students. Methods This research is an experimental study of clinical trial type. The study participants were 40 students of Iran University of Medical Sciences selected by a convenience sampling method. After obtaining informed consent, they completed the demographic questionnaire; academic procrastination questionnaire; depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 (DASS-21); and personal wellbeing index-adult (PWI-A), before, immediately after, and three months after the intervention. The experimental group received eight 120-minute sessions of group compassion-focused therapy once a week, while the control group received no intervention. The data were compared using GLM repeated measures analysis of variance (GLMRM). Results Regarding procrastination, there is no significant difference between the average preparation for assignments and the tendency to change people›s procrastination at different evaluation times. However, the interaction effect of time and group has a significance level smaller than 0.05, indicating a significant difference between the average preparation for the tasks of the experimental and control groups at different evaluation times (F=4.439, P=0.043). The effect size of 0.115 indicates a moderate effect. There is also a significant difference between the procrastination tendency of the experimental and control groups at different evaluation times (F=8.348, P=0.007). The effect size of 0.197 indicates a moderate effect. Also, there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups› average anxiety (F=35.62, P=0.000) and quality of life (F=14.57, P=0.001) at different evaluation times. The size of the effect indicates its strength. Conclusion Group compassion-focused intervention can be used as an effective therapy in working with students. However, more studies are needed to examine and compare other variables with other evidence-based treatments.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology (IJPCP), 2024

Objectives This study aims to investigate the effect of combined working memory training (WMT) an... more Objectives This study aims to investigate the effect of combined working memory training (WMT) and attention control training (ACT) on craving, impulsivity, and working memory of opioid addicts under methadone therapy. Methods This is a randomized controlled clinical trial. Participants were 50 male opioid addicts who were selected from addiction treatment clinics in Mashhad, Iran. After their random allocation to the intervention and control group, the intervention group received WMT+ACT for 4 weeks using a mobile application. Pre-and post-test assessments were conducted using a craving scale, Barratt impulsiveness scale, and Wechsler's digit span test. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of covariance were employed for data analysis. Results The combined intervention significantly reduced craving and impulsivity in the intervention group compared to the control group, but it had no significant effect on working memory (P>0.05). Conclusion The mobile-based WMT+ACT intervention is a useful intervention for male opioid addicts under methadone therapy.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology (IJPCP), 2024

Objectives Abortion is one of the most traumatic events in a woman's life. The resulting trauma l... more Objectives Abortion is one of the most traumatic events in a woman's life. The resulting trauma leads to the fear of repeat abortion, despair, inability, reduced self-confidence, isolation, mental health problems, and reduced quality of life (QoL). The present study aims to determine the effect of supportive counseling on the QoL of pregnant women with a history of abortion. Methods This is randomized controlled trial study. Participants were 72 pregnant women with a history of abortion referred to comprehensive health centers in Isfahan, Iran to receive prenatal care. The data collection instruments were a demographic form and the 36-item short form health survey. The intervention group received counseling based on Swanson's caring theory at three sessions (two faceto-face counseling sessions and one telephone counseling session), while the control group received no intervention. Data were collected in three phases (pre-test, post-test, and follow-up), and analyzed using chi-square test, paired t-test, repeated measures analysis of variance, t-test, and two-way repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS software, version 25. Results Both groups were similar in demographic characteristics and QoL before the intervention (P>0.05). Four and 8 weeks after the intervention, the mean score of QoL was higher in the intervention group than in the control group (P<0.05). Eight weeks after the intervention, the QoL score was higher than in the control group in dimensions of physical functioning (P=0.009), social functioning (P=0.039), role-emotional (P=0.004), and bodily pain (P=0.004). Conclusion Supportive counseling based on Swanson's caring theory, as a midwife-centered intervention, can improve the QoL pregnant women with a history of abortion. This approach can be used in providing care to the pregnant women with a history of abortion.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology (IJPCP), 2024

Objectives Pursuing goals can help adolescents gain a sense of meaning and purpose in life. On th... more Objectives Pursuing goals can help adolescents gain a sense of meaning and purpose in life. On the other hand, failure to achieve goals can lead to depression and despair. Considering the importance of goal pursuit in adolescence, the present study aims to examine the mediating role of intrinsic motivation in the relationship of emotion regulation styles and self-determination with goal pursuit in Iranian adolescents. Methods This is a descriptive-correlational study using structural equation modeling (SEM). The study population consists of adolescents aged 15-19 in Tehran, Iran, of whom 503 were selected from high schools in four districts in Tehran using a convenience sampling method. They were asked to complete four questionnaires, including the persistence scale, emotion regulation inventory, emotional autonomy scale, and intrinsic motivation inventory. Data analysis was done by SEM using Amos software, version 22 and SPSS software, version 22. Results The emotion regulation styles, including dysregulated (β=-0.204, P=0.001), suppressive (β=0.124, P=0.040), and integrative (β=0.359, P=0.001) had a significant relationship with goal pursuit in adolescents. Based on the Bootstrap test results, the dysregulated (β=-0.054, P=0.007) and integrative (β=0.094, P=0.001) emotion regulation styles had an indirect relationship with goal pursuit through intrinsic motivation. Self-determination had no significant relationship with goal pursuit (P=0.137, β=0.077). Conclusion In Iranian adolescents, the integrative emotion regulation style can positively affect goal pursuit by promoting intrinsic motivation. Therefore, in interventions for improving goal pursuit in adolescents, this emotion regulation style should be considered to promote their intrinsic motivation and persistence in goal pursuit.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology (IJPCP), 2024

Objectives Considering the importance of positive mental health promotion for preventing psychoso... more Objectives Considering the importance of positive mental health promotion for preventing psychosocial disorders and increasing physical health and productivity, it is necessary to identify the social determinants of health (SDH) to implement the necessary interventions to improve community health. The present study aims to identify the SDH of positive mental health in Iranian adults. Methods This is a quantitative and correlational study that was conducted on adults aged 30-60 years living in Tehran, Iran. The sample size was estimated to be 547 people using G * Power software. The samples were selected using a multi-stage random sampling method. After reviewing the literature and meeting with a panel of experts, the SDH list was extracted, and the conceptual model was plotted. The criteria for entering the model was a significance level (P≥0.2). At the end, the structural equation modeling method was applied. The tools used included the mental health continuum-short form, the socioeconomic status questionnaire, multidimensional scale of perceived social support, perceived stress scale-10 items, international physical activity questionnaire-short form, Neissi's job security questionnaire, Ten Horn's job security questionnaire, the visual analogue scale for occupational stress assessment, the neighborhood status checklist, Internet use checklist, and social security insurance checklist. The data was analyzed in SPSS software, version 21 and LISREL version 8.8. Results The data of 607 questionnaires were analyzed. The mean age of participants was 44.04±9.4 years. The mean score of positive mental health was 45.96±8.65. Among structural determinants, the social class (B=0.181), socioeconomic status (B=0.114), job position (B=0.08), building volume per capita (B=0.092) had positive effect on positive mental health, while education (B=-0.071) had negative effect. Among intermediary determinants, job satisfaction (B=0.16), social support (B=0.23) and insurance (B=0.14) had positive effect on positive mental health, while perceived stress (B=-0.62) had negative effect. Conclusion Improving socioeconomic status by increasing social support and job satisfaction can increase Iranian adults' positive mental health. On the other hand, the reduction of perceived stress can determine the positive mental health of Iranian adults both directly and indirectly.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology (IJPCP), 2024

Objectives In this study, we aim to estimate the prevalence of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) in ps... more Objectives In this study, we aim to estimate the prevalence of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) in psychiatric outpatients in Tunisia and to identify the associated factors. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 133 patients (80 men and 53 women; mean age: 45.02`11.8 years) referred to the psychiatry clinic of the University Hospital of Gabes in Southern Tunisia. Data was collected using the childhood trauma questionnaire-short form, and the suicide behaviors questionnaire-revised. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including a correlation test were used for data analysis. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results The overall prevalence of CSA was 9.8%. Participants with a history of CSA had a significantly younger age at the onset of psychiatric symptoms and longer duration of hospitalization. The results of multivariate analysis showed that CSA increased the risk of having psychiatric comorbidities by 5.9 (AOR=5.9, 95% CI, 1.3%, 28.8%) and the risk of suicidal ideation by 5.1 (AOR=5.1, 95% CI, 1.03%, 26.9%). Conclusion The history of CSA has a negative impact on psychiatric patients in adulthood. This association is multifactorial, and there is a need for further longitudinal studies in this regard.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology (IJPCP), 2024

Objectives This study aims to assess the effect of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) on cognitiv... more Objectives This study aims to assess the effect of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) on cognitive emotion regulation, cognitive flexibility and worry in women with depression. Methods This is a randomized controlled clinical trial with a pre-test/post-test design. The study population consists of all women with depression referred to psychology clinics in Jahrom, Iran, in 2022. From three clinics of Hami, Rahgosha, and Fardaye Behtar, 30 women with a Beck depression inventory (BDI) score of 20-28 (moderate depression) were selected using a purposeful sampling method, and were randomly divided into intervention (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. Garnefski et al.'s cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire, Dennis and Vander Wal's cognitive flexibility questionnaire, Meir et al.'s Penn State worry questionnaire, and BDI were used to collect data. Data analysis was done using the analysis of covariance. Results The DBT had a significant effect on the study variables. It has caused an increase in adaptive CER strategies and cognitive flexibility and a decrease in maladaptive CER strategies and worry. Conclusion The DBT can be used to reduce worry and improve cognitive flexibility and adaptive CER strategies in depressed women.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology (IJPCP), 2024

Objectives The present study aims to investigate the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy ... more Objectives The present study aims to investigate the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on emotional regulation, psychological flexibility, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children of veterans with PSTD. Methods This is a randomized controlled clinical trial with a pre-test/post-test/follow-up design. Participants were 70 children of veterans with PTSD (boys and girls) aged 15-19 years, who were selected using simple random sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of 35 including ACT and control. Before, immediately after, and 12 months after the intervention, people were measured using the acceptance and action questionnaire-II, difficulty in emotional regulation scale, and the PTSD checklist for DSM-5. The intervention group received group ACT at 8 sessions of 60-90 minutes. For the control group, life skills education was presented at 7 sessions of 60-90 minutes. Finally, the data was analyzed using SPSS software, version 22. Results The results of analysis of covariance showed a significant difference in difficulty in emotional regulation, psychological flexibility and PTSD symptoms in the post-test and follow-up phases in two groups (P<0.01). Moreover, the two ACT and control groups were significantly different in the hyperarousal symptom of PTSD at follow-up phase, but there was no significant difference in two symptoms of re-experiencing trauma and negative alterations in mood/avoidance (P>0.05). Conclusion The ACT can improve emotional regulation skills and psychological flexibility and reduce PTSD symptoms in children of veterans with PTSD. Therefore, this method can be used in counseling and mental health centers to improve these children's symptoms.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology (IJPCP), 2023

Objectives Despite the importance of obsessive distrust as a common type of relationship obsessiv... more Objectives Despite the importance of obsessive distrust as a common type of relationship obsessivecompulsive disorder (ROCD), there is no suitable scale to measure this structure in the Iranian population. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the obsessive distrust inventory (ODIS) for Iranian college students Methods In this descriptive psychometrics study, 365 married students from Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2021-2022 participated. They were selected using a convenience sampling method. The internal consistency of the Persian ODIS was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Construct validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Depression anxiety and stress scale-21 (DASS-21), partner-related obsessive-compulsive symptom inventory (PROCSI), and obsessional compulsive inventory-revised (OCI-R) were used to evaluate convergent validity. Results The CFA results confirmed the single-factor structure of the Persian ODIS. The convergent validity assessment showed the significant positive correlation of the Persian ODIS with the scores of DASS-21, PROCSI, and OCI-R (P<0.01). The Cronbach's alpha for the overall scale was obtained as 0.94 Conclusion The Persian ODIS has acceptable validity and reliability for the Iranian population. It can be used in clinical and research fields to screen, diagnose, and monitor obsessive distrust in ROCD.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology (IJPCP), 2023

Objectives This study aims to assess the relationship of work-family conflict (WFC), work-life im... more Objectives This study aims to assess the relationship of work-family conflict (WFC), work-life imbalance, and work-related stress with the performance of working women in Indonesia. Methods This is a quantitative cross-sectional study using structural equation modeling. The participants were 404 married female workers in Indonesia. A research-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The data were analyzed in Smart PLS software version 3. Results The results showed that WFC had a significant relationship with work-related stress (P<0.001), and work-life imbalance had a significant relationship with work-related stress (P<0.001). The WFC had no significant relationship with employee performance (P=0.690). The work-life imbalance had no significant relationship with employee performance, either (P=0.137). Finally, work-related stress had a negative significant relationship with employee performance (P=0.003). Conclusion Organizational and managerial support can help working women achieve an effective harmony between work and family roles.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology (IJPCP), 2023

Objectives Overparenting or "helicopter parenting" has an impact on the basic psychological needs... more Objectives Overparenting or "helicopter parenting" has an impact on the basic psychological needs of children, which can be related to narcissism in adults. This study aims to investigate the mediating role of basic psychological need satisfaction in the relationship between overparenting and narcissism in Iranian college students. Methods This is a descriptive-correlational study using structural equation modeling (SEM). The study population consists of all master degree students of the University of Tehran in 2021-2022, of whom 278 were selected using a convenience sampling method. The collection tools included Desi and Ryan's Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction Scale, LeMoyne and Buchanan's helicopter parenting scale, and Ames et al.'s Narcissistic Personality Inventory-16. Relationships between variables were assessed using Pearson correlation test and SEM in SPSS software, version 27 and Amos version 24. Results The basic psychological need satisfaction play a mediating role in the relationship between overparenting and narcissism (P<0.05). Overparenting had a positive and significant relationship with narcissism (P<0.05) and a significant negative relationship with basic psychological need satisfaction. There was a significant negative correlation between basic psychological need satisfaction and narcissism (P<0.05). Conclusion The mental health specialists should pay special attention to the role of overparenting in the quality of providing basic psychological needs to prevent the formation of narcissistic personality disorder in people.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology (IJPCP), 2023

Objectives Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit substance in the world. Craving is one of t... more Objectives Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit substance in the world. Craving is one of the most important treatment challenges in people with cannabis use disorder. The study aims to evaluate the relationship between brain activity and craving among people with cannabis use disorder. Methods This is a descriptive-analytical study. Participants were 20 patients with cannabis use disorder, who were selected by a convenience sampling method. Resting-state quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) data were recorded in resting state with eyes closed and eyes open, and their craving was measured by the marijuana craving questionnaire-short form. The data were analyzed in MATLAB software, version 22. Results In open eyes conditions, a significant negative correlation was observed between craving and relative power in the theta band, particularly in the frontal and temporal regions (P<0.05). Additionally, in both open and closed eye conditions, a significant positive correlation was identified between craving and relative power in the beta and gamma bands, specifically in the frontal, occipital, and central regions (P<0.05). Conclusion There is a significant relationship between craving and changes in the activity of different brain regions in people with cannabis use disorder. It is necessary to pay attention to the neurobiological aspects of addiction to cannabis during the treatment process.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology (IJPCP), 2023

Objectives Interpersonal trust between couples is the most important component of long-lasting an... more Objectives Interpersonal trust between couples is the most important component of long-lasting and happy marriage. In this study, we aim to investigating the relationship of mentalizing capacity in Iranian couples with their interpersonal trust, considering the mediating role of conflict resolution styles and the moderating role of internal working model of attachment. Methods This is an applied descriptive study using the structural equation modeling method. participants were 349 couples aged 18-45 living in Tehran, Iran, with at least one year of marriage and at least a high school diploma, who were selected using a convenience sampling method. The data collection tools were the interpersonal relationship scale, the reflective functioning questionnaire, the Rahim organizational conflict inventory-part two, and the relationship scales questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done in SPSS software, version 22 and PLS version 3. Results The values of fit indices showed a good fit of the initial model. After the removal of nonsignificant paths, the results showed a good fit of the final model (standardized root mean squared residual index=0.017, normalized fit index=0.985, goodness-of-fit index=0.386). Conclusion The mentalizing capacity of couples has a direct relationship with their conflict resolution styles. Their conflict resolution styles have a direct relationship with their interpersonal trust. The mentalizing capacity of couples has both direct and indirect relationships (mediated by conflict resolution style) with their interpersonal trust. Only the preoccupied internal working model of attachment has a moderating role in the relationship between the mentalizing capacity and conflict resolution styles of Iranian couples.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology (IJPCP), 2024

Objectives The current study aims to report the effectiveness of multisystemic therapy-based inte... more Objectives The current study aims to report the effectiveness of multisystemic therapy-based intervention (MST-BI), an intensive family focused and community-based therapy, in treating conduct disorder (CD) and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviors in male adolescent with CD.
Methods The case was a 17-year-old boy who met the DSM-IV criteria for CD and NSSI behaviors. A 4-week baseline and repeated measure design (a 5-month intervention and 3-month follow-up) were used. The rule-breaking and aggression constructs of Achenbach systems empirically based assessment (ASEBA) as well as the inventory of statements about self-injury (ISAS) were used for assessment at baseline, during treatment and at the follow-up phase.
Results MST-BI reduced rule-breaking and aggressive behaviors. Also, it reduced NSSI behaviors. These outcomes were maintained for 3 months.
Conclusion MST-BI has the potential to treat CD symptoms and NSSI behaviors in male adolescents with CD.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology (IJPCP), 2024

Objectives Psychological problems in children are a significant public health concern. These prob... more Objectives Psychological problems in children are a significant public health concern. These problems can affect the well-being of children, their families, and peers and negatively impact the quality of their lives in adulthood. The present research aims to assess the relationship between mothers' adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and the internalizing and externalizing problems of children mediated by mothers' emotional dysregulation and mental capacity. Methods This is a correlational study using structural equation modeling. The study population consists of all married women with children aged 6-12 in Bushehr Province, Iran, who had registered information in the electronic comprehensive health services system in 2022. Utilizing a random cluster sampling method, 700 women were selected, of whom 632 completed the online questionnaires, including the child behavior checklist, the ACE questionnaire, the difficulties in emotion regulation scale, and the parental reflective functioning questionnaire. All analyses were performed in SPSS Software, version 26 and AMOS version 24 software. Results The ACE of mothers had a direct and significant relationship with their emotion regulation difficulties (β=0.363, P<0.001) and internalizing (β=0.182, P<0.001) and externalizing problems (β=0.201, P<0.001) of children. Additionally, the ACE in mothers had an indirect and significant relationship with their mental capacity (β=-0.125, P=0.006). The ACE of mothers also had an indirect and significant relationship with internalizing (β=0.126, P<0.001) and externalizing (β=0.134, P<0.001) problems of children through emotion dysregulation. The ACE of mothers also had an indirect and significant relationship with externalizing problems of children (β=0.011, P=0.039) through mental capacity. Conclusion Mothers' ACEs have a direct impact on their children's internalizing and externalizing problems. This relationship can also be mediated by their emotional dysregulation and mental capacity.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology (IJPCP), 2024

Objectives The care of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) pose a significant challenge ... more Objectives The care of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) pose a significant challenge for parents, especially mothers as their primary caregivers. Mothers of ASD children often feel shame and low psychological distress. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of group compassion-focused therapy on shame and distress tolerance of mothers of children with ASD.
Methods This is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test/post-test/follow-up design. The study population of consists of all mothers of children with ASD in Tehran, Iran, covered by the Iran Autism Association. The samples were selected using convenience and snowball sampling methods. Thirty mothers were randomly assigned to two groups of 15, including intervention and control. The internalized shame scale by Cook (1993), the Others as Shamer Scale by Goss (1994), and the Distress Tolerance Scale by Simons and Gaher (2005) were completed by both groups at pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up phases. The intervention group received eight one-hour sessions of group compassion-focused therapy. The data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS version 28.
Results The group compassion-focused therapy had a significant effect on reducing internalized shame, external shame, and increasing distress tolerance (P<0.01). The intervention had the greatest effect on distress tolerance with an effect size of 0.571, followed by internalized shame and external shame with effect sizes of 0.419 and 0.417, respectively.
Conclusion The group compassion-focused therapy can reduce shame and improve distress tolerance of mothers of children with ASD.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 2024

Objectives Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic musculoskeletal pain syndrome characterized b... more Objectives Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic musculoskeletal pain syndrome characterized by extensive pain, tender points, fatigue, and sleep disturbance, with unknown etiology. This study aims to investigate the effect of cognitive-behavioral stress management (CBSM) therapy on pain perception, chronic fatigue and cognitive empowerment of women with FMS.
Methods This is randomized clinical trial with a pre-test/post-test design. The study population consists of all women suffering from FMS who visited the rheumatology specialists in Tabriz, Iran, in 2023. Of these, 36 eligible patients were selected using a convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to two groups of 18 including intervention (received CBSM therapy at 10 sessions of 90 minutes) and control (no intervention). Data collection tools included McGill pain questionnaire, the Chalder fatigue scale, and Thomas and Velthouse’s psychological empowerment scale. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to compare the groups.
Results The results of MANCOVA showed a significant difference in the components of pain perception (Sensory, affective, evaluative, and miscellaneous), chronic fatigue (psychological and physical), and cognitive empowerment (competence, self-determination, impact, meaning) between the two groups in the posttest phase (P<0.05).
Conclusion The CBSM therapy can improve pain perception, reduce chronic fatigue, and increase psychological empowerment of women with FMS.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 2024

Objectives This study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of t... more Objectives This study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Adaptive Coping with Disease (AKU) questionnaire for Iranian patients with chronic diseases.
Methods In this psychometrics study, participants were 477 patients with chronic diseases aged 16-79 years referred to medical centers in Tehran, Iran, who were selected using a convenience sampling method in 2022. They completed the Persian versions of the AKU, Lazarus’ Ways of Coping questionnaire (WCQ), and the 36-item short form health survey (SF-36). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) used for assessing the construct validity, while Pearson correlation test was used for determining the convergent validity. Reliability was determined using Cronbach’s alpha. Data analysis was conducted in SPSS software, version 27 and R package Laavan 4.3.2.
Results The CFA confirmed the six-factor structure of the AKU including Trust to Divine Help, Trust to Medical Help, Search Information and Alternative Help, Conscious Ways of Living, Positive Attitude, and Reappraisal, after excluding items 6 and 19. The fit indices showed the good fit of the CFA model (χ2/df= 2.32, RMSEA= 0.053, and CFI=0.949). The questionnaire had acceptable internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.82 for the overall scale and 0.59-0.81 for the six factors. The average variance extracted (AVE) was 0.53 and the composite reliability coefficient was 0.94, indicating the fit of the model for convergent validity. A significant correlation was found between the Persian AKU score and the scores of WCQ and SF-36, indicating a good convergent validity.
Conclusion The Persian AKU questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool that can be used in research and clinics on Iranian patients with chronic diseases.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 2024

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persia... more Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of Embodied Sense of Self Scale (ESSS). Methods This is a psychometrics study. Participants were 215 Iranian people (160 females and 55 males with a mean age of 33.34±10.81) who were different based on age, education level, marital status and place of residence. They were selected from the general population by a convenience sampling method in 2020-2022. After translating the Persian version of the ESSS, it was completed by the participants online, along with the dissociative experiences scale II (DES-II) and the prosocial tendencies measure (PTM). Data were analyzed in SPSS sifwaer, version 27 and R version 4.3.2 Lavaan package using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the average variance extracted (AVE), Pearson correlation test, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and McDonald's omega coefficient. Results The three-factor structure of the scale was not confirmed by the CFA but the two-factor solution (agency and narrative) had good fit. The AVE values for agency, narrative, and overall scale were 0.45, 0.52, and 0.42, respectively. The correlation coefficient of narrative and agency domains with subscales of DES-II were in the range of 0.33-0.55. The correlation values of agency and narrative with subscales of PTM were in the range of 0.17-0.30. The Persian ESSS had good convergent validity but had low divergent validity. Cronbach's alpha values for narrative and agency subscales were 0.86 and 0.83, respectively and McDonald's omega values were 0.84 for both subscales, indicating the good internal consistency of the two-factor structure of the Persian ESSS. Conclusion The Persian version of the ESSS with two subscales has acceptable validity and reliability for Iranian samples; however, exploratory factor analysis is needed to reach optimum validity.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology (IJPCP), 2024

Objectives This study aims to compare body image concern, self-compassion and emotion regulation ... more Objectives This study aims to compare body image concern, self-compassion and emotion regulation strategies in obese women with and without applying for metabolic weight-loss surgery.
Methods In this causal-comparative study, two groups of obese women with applying (n=80) and without applying (n=80) for metabolic surgery participated match for age and marital status, who were selected using a purposive sampling method from Milad Hospital in Tehran, Iran in 2023. The Body Image Concern inventory (BICI), the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) were used to collect data. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the data.
Results The BICI score was significantly higher in applicant women (F=215.129, df=160, P≤0.001). The applicant women had significantly lower SCS score in total (F=176.488, df=160, P≤0.001) and in domains of self-kindness (F=130.415, df=160, P≤0.001), human commonality (F=160.596, df=160, P≤0.001), and mindfulness (F=215.129, df=160, P≤.001), and higher score in domains of self-judgment (F=23.775, df=160, P≤0.001), isolation (F=51.530, df=160, P≤0.001) and over-identification (F=67.353, df=160, P≤0.001). In terms of CRQ score, there was no significant difference between the two groups in cognitive reappraisal domain, but a significant difference in expressive suppression was reported (F=438.531, df=160, P≤0.001).
Conclusion Obese women applying for metabolic surgery have more body image concern and lower self-compassion than non-applicants. Also, they mostly use expressive suppression strategy to regulate their emotions. Considering these factors before applying for metabolic surgery can be effective in increasing the efficiency of selective weight loss treatments.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology (IJPCP), 2024

Objectives Procrastination is one of the critical issues for university students and is associate... more Objectives Procrastination is one of the critical issues for university students and is associated with various psychological problems. This study examined the effectiveness of group compassion-focused intervention on procrastination, anxiety, and quality of life of (QoL) university students. Methods This research is an experimental study of clinical trial type. The study participants were 40 students of Iran University of Medical Sciences selected by a convenience sampling method. After obtaining informed consent, they completed the demographic questionnaire; academic procrastination questionnaire; depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 (DASS-21); and personal wellbeing index-adult (PWI-A), before, immediately after, and three months after the intervention. The experimental group received eight 120-minute sessions of group compassion-focused therapy once a week, while the control group received no intervention. The data were compared using GLM repeated measures analysis of variance (GLMRM). Results Regarding procrastination, there is no significant difference between the average preparation for assignments and the tendency to change people›s procrastination at different evaluation times. However, the interaction effect of time and group has a significance level smaller than 0.05, indicating a significant difference between the average preparation for the tasks of the experimental and control groups at different evaluation times (F=4.439, P=0.043). The effect size of 0.115 indicates a moderate effect. There is also a significant difference between the procrastination tendency of the experimental and control groups at different evaluation times (F=8.348, P=0.007). The effect size of 0.197 indicates a moderate effect. Also, there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups› average anxiety (F=35.62, P=0.000) and quality of life (F=14.57, P=0.001) at different evaluation times. The size of the effect indicates its strength. Conclusion Group compassion-focused intervention can be used as an effective therapy in working with students. However, more studies are needed to examine and compare other variables with other evidence-based treatments.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology (IJPCP), 2024

Objectives This study aims to investigate the effect of combined working memory training (WMT) an... more Objectives This study aims to investigate the effect of combined working memory training (WMT) and attention control training (ACT) on craving, impulsivity, and working memory of opioid addicts under methadone therapy. Methods This is a randomized controlled clinical trial. Participants were 50 male opioid addicts who were selected from addiction treatment clinics in Mashhad, Iran. After their random allocation to the intervention and control group, the intervention group received WMT+ACT for 4 weeks using a mobile application. Pre-and post-test assessments were conducted using a craving scale, Barratt impulsiveness scale, and Wechsler's digit span test. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of covariance were employed for data analysis. Results The combined intervention significantly reduced craving and impulsivity in the intervention group compared to the control group, but it had no significant effect on working memory (P>0.05). Conclusion The mobile-based WMT+ACT intervention is a useful intervention for male opioid addicts under methadone therapy.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology (IJPCP), 2024

Objectives Abortion is one of the most traumatic events in a woman's life. The resulting trauma l... more Objectives Abortion is one of the most traumatic events in a woman's life. The resulting trauma leads to the fear of repeat abortion, despair, inability, reduced self-confidence, isolation, mental health problems, and reduced quality of life (QoL). The present study aims to determine the effect of supportive counseling on the QoL of pregnant women with a history of abortion. Methods This is randomized controlled trial study. Participants were 72 pregnant women with a history of abortion referred to comprehensive health centers in Isfahan, Iran to receive prenatal care. The data collection instruments were a demographic form and the 36-item short form health survey. The intervention group received counseling based on Swanson's caring theory at three sessions (two faceto-face counseling sessions and one telephone counseling session), while the control group received no intervention. Data were collected in three phases (pre-test, post-test, and follow-up), and analyzed using chi-square test, paired t-test, repeated measures analysis of variance, t-test, and two-way repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS software, version 25. Results Both groups were similar in demographic characteristics and QoL before the intervention (P>0.05). Four and 8 weeks after the intervention, the mean score of QoL was higher in the intervention group than in the control group (P<0.05). Eight weeks after the intervention, the QoL score was higher than in the control group in dimensions of physical functioning (P=0.009), social functioning (P=0.039), role-emotional (P=0.004), and bodily pain (P=0.004). Conclusion Supportive counseling based on Swanson's caring theory, as a midwife-centered intervention, can improve the QoL pregnant women with a history of abortion. This approach can be used in providing care to the pregnant women with a history of abortion.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology (IJPCP), 2024

Objectives Pursuing goals can help adolescents gain a sense of meaning and purpose in life. On th... more Objectives Pursuing goals can help adolescents gain a sense of meaning and purpose in life. On the other hand, failure to achieve goals can lead to depression and despair. Considering the importance of goal pursuit in adolescence, the present study aims to examine the mediating role of intrinsic motivation in the relationship of emotion regulation styles and self-determination with goal pursuit in Iranian adolescents. Methods This is a descriptive-correlational study using structural equation modeling (SEM). The study population consists of adolescents aged 15-19 in Tehran, Iran, of whom 503 were selected from high schools in four districts in Tehran using a convenience sampling method. They were asked to complete four questionnaires, including the persistence scale, emotion regulation inventory, emotional autonomy scale, and intrinsic motivation inventory. Data analysis was done by SEM using Amos software, version 22 and SPSS software, version 22. Results The emotion regulation styles, including dysregulated (β=-0.204, P=0.001), suppressive (β=0.124, P=0.040), and integrative (β=0.359, P=0.001) had a significant relationship with goal pursuit in adolescents. Based on the Bootstrap test results, the dysregulated (β=-0.054, P=0.007) and integrative (β=0.094, P=0.001) emotion regulation styles had an indirect relationship with goal pursuit through intrinsic motivation. Self-determination had no significant relationship with goal pursuit (P=0.137, β=0.077). Conclusion In Iranian adolescents, the integrative emotion regulation style can positively affect goal pursuit by promoting intrinsic motivation. Therefore, in interventions for improving goal pursuit in adolescents, this emotion regulation style should be considered to promote their intrinsic motivation and persistence in goal pursuit.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology (IJPCP), 2024

Objectives Considering the importance of positive mental health promotion for preventing psychoso... more Objectives Considering the importance of positive mental health promotion for preventing psychosocial disorders and increasing physical health and productivity, it is necessary to identify the social determinants of health (SDH) to implement the necessary interventions to improve community health. The present study aims to identify the SDH of positive mental health in Iranian adults. Methods This is a quantitative and correlational study that was conducted on adults aged 30-60 years living in Tehran, Iran. The sample size was estimated to be 547 people using G * Power software. The samples were selected using a multi-stage random sampling method. After reviewing the literature and meeting with a panel of experts, the SDH list was extracted, and the conceptual model was plotted. The criteria for entering the model was a significance level (P≥0.2). At the end, the structural equation modeling method was applied. The tools used included the mental health continuum-short form, the socioeconomic status questionnaire, multidimensional scale of perceived social support, perceived stress scale-10 items, international physical activity questionnaire-short form, Neissi's job security questionnaire, Ten Horn's job security questionnaire, the visual analogue scale for occupational stress assessment, the neighborhood status checklist, Internet use checklist, and social security insurance checklist. The data was analyzed in SPSS software, version 21 and LISREL version 8.8. Results The data of 607 questionnaires were analyzed. The mean age of participants was 44.04±9.4 years. The mean score of positive mental health was 45.96±8.65. Among structural determinants, the social class (B=0.181), socioeconomic status (B=0.114), job position (B=0.08), building volume per capita (B=0.092) had positive effect on positive mental health, while education (B=-0.071) had negative effect. Among intermediary determinants, job satisfaction (B=0.16), social support (B=0.23) and insurance (B=0.14) had positive effect on positive mental health, while perceived stress (B=-0.62) had negative effect. Conclusion Improving socioeconomic status by increasing social support and job satisfaction can increase Iranian adults' positive mental health. On the other hand, the reduction of perceived stress can determine the positive mental health of Iranian adults both directly and indirectly.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology (IJPCP), 2024

Objectives In this study, we aim to estimate the prevalence of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) in ps... more Objectives In this study, we aim to estimate the prevalence of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) in psychiatric outpatients in Tunisia and to identify the associated factors. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 133 patients (80 men and 53 women; mean age: 45.02`11.8 years) referred to the psychiatry clinic of the University Hospital of Gabes in Southern Tunisia. Data was collected using the childhood trauma questionnaire-short form, and the suicide behaviors questionnaire-revised. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including a correlation test were used for data analysis. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results The overall prevalence of CSA was 9.8%. Participants with a history of CSA had a significantly younger age at the onset of psychiatric symptoms and longer duration of hospitalization. The results of multivariate analysis showed that CSA increased the risk of having psychiatric comorbidities by 5.9 (AOR=5.9, 95% CI, 1.3%, 28.8%) and the risk of suicidal ideation by 5.1 (AOR=5.1, 95% CI, 1.03%, 26.9%). Conclusion The history of CSA has a negative impact on psychiatric patients in adulthood. This association is multifactorial, and there is a need for further longitudinal studies in this regard.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology (IJPCP), 2024

Objectives This study aims to assess the effect of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) on cognitiv... more Objectives This study aims to assess the effect of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) on cognitive emotion regulation, cognitive flexibility and worry in women with depression. Methods This is a randomized controlled clinical trial with a pre-test/post-test design. The study population consists of all women with depression referred to psychology clinics in Jahrom, Iran, in 2022. From three clinics of Hami, Rahgosha, and Fardaye Behtar, 30 women with a Beck depression inventory (BDI) score of 20-28 (moderate depression) were selected using a purposeful sampling method, and were randomly divided into intervention (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. Garnefski et al.'s cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire, Dennis and Vander Wal's cognitive flexibility questionnaire, Meir et al.'s Penn State worry questionnaire, and BDI were used to collect data. Data analysis was done using the analysis of covariance. Results The DBT had a significant effect on the study variables. It has caused an increase in adaptive CER strategies and cognitive flexibility and a decrease in maladaptive CER strategies and worry. Conclusion The DBT can be used to reduce worry and improve cognitive flexibility and adaptive CER strategies in depressed women.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology (IJPCP), 2024

Objectives The present study aims to investigate the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy ... more Objectives The present study aims to investigate the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on emotional regulation, psychological flexibility, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children of veterans with PSTD. Methods This is a randomized controlled clinical trial with a pre-test/post-test/follow-up design. Participants were 70 children of veterans with PTSD (boys and girls) aged 15-19 years, who were selected using simple random sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of 35 including ACT and control. Before, immediately after, and 12 months after the intervention, people were measured using the acceptance and action questionnaire-II, difficulty in emotional regulation scale, and the PTSD checklist for DSM-5. The intervention group received group ACT at 8 sessions of 60-90 minutes. For the control group, life skills education was presented at 7 sessions of 60-90 minutes. Finally, the data was analyzed using SPSS software, version 22. Results The results of analysis of covariance showed a significant difference in difficulty in emotional regulation, psychological flexibility and PTSD symptoms in the post-test and follow-up phases in two groups (P<0.01). Moreover, the two ACT and control groups were significantly different in the hyperarousal symptom of PTSD at follow-up phase, but there was no significant difference in two symptoms of re-experiencing trauma and negative alterations in mood/avoidance (P>0.05). Conclusion The ACT can improve emotional regulation skills and psychological flexibility and reduce PTSD symptoms in children of veterans with PTSD. Therefore, this method can be used in counseling and mental health centers to improve these children's symptoms.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology (IJPCP), 2023

Objectives Despite the importance of obsessive distrust as a common type of relationship obsessiv... more Objectives Despite the importance of obsessive distrust as a common type of relationship obsessivecompulsive disorder (ROCD), there is no suitable scale to measure this structure in the Iranian population. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the obsessive distrust inventory (ODIS) for Iranian college students Methods In this descriptive psychometrics study, 365 married students from Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2021-2022 participated. They were selected using a convenience sampling method. The internal consistency of the Persian ODIS was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Construct validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Depression anxiety and stress scale-21 (DASS-21), partner-related obsessive-compulsive symptom inventory (PROCSI), and obsessional compulsive inventory-revised (OCI-R) were used to evaluate convergent validity. Results The CFA results confirmed the single-factor structure of the Persian ODIS. The convergent validity assessment showed the significant positive correlation of the Persian ODIS with the scores of DASS-21, PROCSI, and OCI-R (P<0.01). The Cronbach's alpha for the overall scale was obtained as 0.94 Conclusion The Persian ODIS has acceptable validity and reliability for the Iranian population. It can be used in clinical and research fields to screen, diagnose, and monitor obsessive distrust in ROCD.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology (IJPCP), 2023

Objectives This study aims to assess the relationship of work-family conflict (WFC), work-life im... more Objectives This study aims to assess the relationship of work-family conflict (WFC), work-life imbalance, and work-related stress with the performance of working women in Indonesia. Methods This is a quantitative cross-sectional study using structural equation modeling. The participants were 404 married female workers in Indonesia. A research-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The data were analyzed in Smart PLS software version 3. Results The results showed that WFC had a significant relationship with work-related stress (P<0.001), and work-life imbalance had a significant relationship with work-related stress (P<0.001). The WFC had no significant relationship with employee performance (P=0.690). The work-life imbalance had no significant relationship with employee performance, either (P=0.137). Finally, work-related stress had a negative significant relationship with employee performance (P=0.003). Conclusion Organizational and managerial support can help working women achieve an effective harmony between work and family roles.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology (IJPCP), 2023

Objectives Overparenting or "helicopter parenting" has an impact on the basic psychological needs... more Objectives Overparenting or "helicopter parenting" has an impact on the basic psychological needs of children, which can be related to narcissism in adults. This study aims to investigate the mediating role of basic psychological need satisfaction in the relationship between overparenting and narcissism in Iranian college students. Methods This is a descriptive-correlational study using structural equation modeling (SEM). The study population consists of all master degree students of the University of Tehran in 2021-2022, of whom 278 were selected using a convenience sampling method. The collection tools included Desi and Ryan's Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction Scale, LeMoyne and Buchanan's helicopter parenting scale, and Ames et al.'s Narcissistic Personality Inventory-16. Relationships between variables were assessed using Pearson correlation test and SEM in SPSS software, version 27 and Amos version 24. Results The basic psychological need satisfaction play a mediating role in the relationship between overparenting and narcissism (P<0.05). Overparenting had a positive and significant relationship with narcissism (P<0.05) and a significant negative relationship with basic psychological need satisfaction. There was a significant negative correlation between basic psychological need satisfaction and narcissism (P<0.05). Conclusion The mental health specialists should pay special attention to the role of overparenting in the quality of providing basic psychological needs to prevent the formation of narcissistic personality disorder in people.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology (IJPCP), 2023

Objectives Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit substance in the world. Craving is one of t... more Objectives Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit substance in the world. Craving is one of the most important treatment challenges in people with cannabis use disorder. The study aims to evaluate the relationship between brain activity and craving among people with cannabis use disorder. Methods This is a descriptive-analytical study. Participants were 20 patients with cannabis use disorder, who were selected by a convenience sampling method. Resting-state quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) data were recorded in resting state with eyes closed and eyes open, and their craving was measured by the marijuana craving questionnaire-short form. The data were analyzed in MATLAB software, version 22. Results In open eyes conditions, a significant negative correlation was observed between craving and relative power in the theta band, particularly in the frontal and temporal regions (P<0.05). Additionally, in both open and closed eye conditions, a significant positive correlation was identified between craving and relative power in the beta and gamma bands, specifically in the frontal, occipital, and central regions (P<0.05). Conclusion There is a significant relationship between craving and changes in the activity of different brain regions in people with cannabis use disorder. It is necessary to pay attention to the neurobiological aspects of addiction to cannabis during the treatment process.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology (IJPCP), 2023

Objectives Interpersonal trust between couples is the most important component of long-lasting an... more Objectives Interpersonal trust between couples is the most important component of long-lasting and happy marriage. In this study, we aim to investigating the relationship of mentalizing capacity in Iranian couples with their interpersonal trust, considering the mediating role of conflict resolution styles and the moderating role of internal working model of attachment. Methods This is an applied descriptive study using the structural equation modeling method. participants were 349 couples aged 18-45 living in Tehran, Iran, with at least one year of marriage and at least a high school diploma, who were selected using a convenience sampling method. The data collection tools were the interpersonal relationship scale, the reflective functioning questionnaire, the Rahim organizational conflict inventory-part two, and the relationship scales questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done in SPSS software, version 22 and PLS version 3. Results The values of fit indices showed a good fit of the initial model. After the removal of nonsignificant paths, the results showed a good fit of the final model (standardized root mean squared residual index=0.017, normalized fit index=0.985, goodness-of-fit index=0.386). Conclusion The mentalizing capacity of couples has a direct relationship with their conflict resolution styles. Their conflict resolution styles have a direct relationship with their interpersonal trust. The mentalizing capacity of couples has both direct and indirect relationships (mediated by conflict resolution style) with their interpersonal trust. Only the preoccupied internal working model of attachment has a moderating role in the relationship between the mentalizing capacity and conflict resolution styles of Iranian couples.