Pouya Farokhnezhad Afshar | Iran University of Medical Sciences (original) (raw)

Papers by Pouya Farokhnezhad Afshar

Clinical Psychology and Special Education, 2024

Depression is one of the most common disorders in older adults. Depression management is one of t... more Depression is one of the most common disorders in older adults. Depression management is one of the problems of geriatrics. This study evaluated the effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (TDCS) on depression in older adults. This study is an unblinded randomized controlled trial. We selected 60 patients with depression based on the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and randomly divided them into two groups. The intervention group received Sertraline 25-50 mg and TDCS for five days (each day: 20 min at two mA). The control group received Sertraline (25-50 mg). Data were analyzed using SPSS v. 22 software. The mean age was 72 years. There was a significant decrease in GDS score before and after the study in the control group (8.6±1.55 to 6.40±1.45, p=0.001) and the intervention group (8.86±1.35 to 5.46±0.91, p=0.001). The comparison of the two groups shows a significant difference in the changes in the GDS score (p=0.01). The results of this study suggest that Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (TDCS) with medication affects depression in old patients, but more studies are needed.

Клиническая и специальная психология

Marital satisfaction and intimacy are influential factors in psychological well-being. Psychother... more Marital satisfaction and intimacy are influential factors in psychological well-being. Psychotherapy can be effective in promoting them. This study aimed to compare the effect of three methods of Emotion-Focused Couple Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and Imago Relationship Therapy on Marital Satisfaction and Intimacy in married women. This is a semi-experimental study in which three groups of women took part. Thirty-nine married women completed the study (Emotion-Focused Couple Therapy: 14, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT): 14, and Imago Relationship Therapy: 11). Data were collected using ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale and Intimacy Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS v. 22 via one-way ANOVA and t-tests. The findings indicated the effectiveness of Emotion-Focused Couple Therapy (3.37±1.27 vs. 4.79±0.68), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (3.35±0.35 vs. 4.19±0.16), and Imago Relationship Therapy (3.52±0.15 vs. 4.17±0.16) on intimacy (p=0.001, Partial Eta Square...

Journal of Gerontology, Apr 10, 2021

Journal of Advanced Nursing, Dec 10, 2020

This study aims to test a hypothetical model linking various dimensions of organizational justice... more This study aims to test a hypothetical model linking various dimensions of organizational justice to the job satisfaction and nurses' intention to leave the profession based on the theoretical assumptions of the Alexander model of voluntary turnover. A cross-sectional survey. This study was conducted on 317 inpatient ward nurses of six teaching hospitals in Tehran, Iran during 1 September 2017-14 November 2018. Clinical nurses were recruited by a multistage random sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires of organizational justice, job satisfaction, and nurses' intention to leave. Data were analysed by structural equation modelling using Amos 22 statistical program. The structural equation model demonstrated adequate fit and the hypothesized correlations were partially supported. The findings suggested that the distributive justice (p < .001; β = 0.24) and interactional justice (p < .001; β = 0.44) could indirectly affect the nurses' intention to leave the nursing profession via the direct impact on job satisfaction, while job satisfaction had a significant, negative effect on the nurses' intention to leave (p < .001; β = -0.71). According to the results, the model fit was acceptable, suggesting the validity of the final model. Furthermore, distributive and interactional justice could reduce the intention to leave the nursing profession by influencing the job satisfaction of the clinical nurses. This was one of the first studies to determine the aspects of justice that must be further emphasized by healthcare managers to increase the job satisfaction of nurses and their retention in healthcare systems. The findings indicated that fair interactions have a greater impact on job satisfaction and retention of nurses than procedural and distributive justice. The results of this study provide valuable references for nursing managers to increase the job satisfaction of nurses and their retention in healthcare settings.

Journal of hayat, Jun 10, 2015

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to Standardize and evaluate the psychometric properties ... more Objective: The purpose of this study was to Standardize and evaluate the psychometric properties of Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue) in the Persian adult population. Method: 551 students completed the Farsi version of this questionnaire, along with the Schutte Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (SEIS) and the Neo-Five Factor Questionnaire (NEO-FFI). Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis, showed that the Persian version of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire consists of four factors: well-being, self-control, emotionality and sociability, which is quite similar to the original study. In order to measure reliability, two methods of internal consistency and split half reliability were used. Cronbach's alpha of .95 was calculated for global trait emotional intelligence and ranged from .69 to .90 for factors. In the split half reliability method, the Cronbach's alpha test for the first half of the test was .92 and for the second half was .89. The convergent/discriminant validity of this questionnaire was examined using the Schutte Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire and the Neo Five Factor Questionnaire. The results showed that this questionnaire had a positive correlation with most subscales of Schutte Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire and had a negative correlation with the neuroticism subscale of the five-factor questionnaire. In this study, there were gender differences between the scores of women and men, as women had higher scores in global trait emotional intelligence and factors of well-being and emotionality. Conclusion: In general, the findings showed that the Persian version of the TEIQue has an appropriate reliability and validity for measuring this structure in the adult population of Iran.

Clinical Interventions in Aging, Mar 1, 2017

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Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Oct 1, 2022

Objectives Nursing profession is a stressful job. Nurses need to use appropriate coping strategie... more Objectives Nursing profession is a stressful job. Nurses need to use appropriate coping strategies to maintain their focus on patient care and having marital adjustment and solving personal problems. The relationship between nurses' identity styles with their used coping strategies and marital adjustment is not clear yet. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship of identity styles and coping strategies with marital adjustment in nurses. Methods This descriptive correlational study with cross-sectional design was conducted on 221 married nurses working in public hospitals in Rasht, Iran who were selected by a stratified random sampling method. Data were collected using the Billings and Moos' coping responses inventory (CRI), Berzonsky's identity styles inventory (ISI), and Locke-Wallace marital adjustment test (MAT). Data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 23. Results The mean MAT score was 111.68 ±11.97. The mean ISI score was 100.31±12.27. The mean CRI score was 38.58±7.25. Marital adjustment had a significant correlation with informational (r=0.14, P=0.03) and normative (r=-0.17, P=0.01) identity styles and problem-focused coping strategy (r=-0.15, P=0.03). Multiple regression analysis showed that only identity styles and working hours could explain 20% of changes in marital adjustment of nurses. Conclusion The marital adjustment of married nurses in Rasht, Iran is at a favorable level. Their informational and normative identity styles and working hours can predict their marital adjustment.

Journal of Gerontology, 2016

Comparison of cardiovascular diseases risk factors in male and female older adults of Hamadan Cit... more Comparison of cardiovascular diseases risk factors in male and female older adults of Hamadan City, 2014 ...

نشریه پرستاری ایران, Nov 1, 2019

Background & Aims: Chronic heart failure (CHF) is one of the most common physical problems in the... more Background & Aims: Chronic heart failure (CHF) is one of the most common physical problems in the elderly that causes numerous disabilities. In addition, it is the main reason for elderlies' referral to medical centers. Overall, experiencing CHF and its complications, as well as entering the medical environment can exacerbate psychological pressure on patients, including depression and anxiety, thereby increasing heart rate and decreasing patients' desire to continue the treatment. In fact, this is one of the unfavorable consequences of hospitalization. Moreover, depression and anxiety are the most common complications of cardiac diseases, especially in the elderly hospitalized in coronary care units (CCUs), which threaten the lives of these individuals. Since patients are considered the customers of the health system, and assessing their views is an important factor for improving their psychological and physical health, attention to their psychological and physical needs can increase their satisfaction and decrease issues such as depression and anxiety during their hospitalization. Ultimately, this technique can result in faster recovery of patients and shorter hospitalization period. This study aimed to determine hospital depression and anxiety in the elderly with CHF hospitalized in Firoozabadi Hospital during 2018-2019. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 250 elderlies with CHF hospitalized in Firoozabadi Hospital. The research population included all elderlies with CHF in various cardiac wards (CCU1, CCU2, Post CCU), and the participants were selected by a continuous sampling method among those who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using a demographic characteristics questionnaire (age, gender, marital status, occupational status, level of education, insurance status, history of hospitalization, accompanying diseases, smoking, and family history of cardiac diseases), abbreviated mental test, and hospital anxiety and depression scale. The research tools were completed during 15 to 20-minute in-person interviews with the researcher. Sampling started February 19 th , 2018, and ended on June 20 th , 2019 after four months. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using descriptive statistics, such as setting frequency distribution tables, estimating numerical indicators, and inferential statistics, independent t-test, and analysis of variance. Notably, a P-value of below 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In this study, the participants were in the age range of 60-74 years, having the highest frequency (64.8%) among the elderly. According to the world health organization's classification, this group of elderlies is considered young old. Overall, 52% of the participants were male and the rest (48%) were female. More than half of the elderly were married and in terms of educational status, only 33.6% of the subjects were illiterate while the rest were literate and educated. Regarding the occupational status, only 4.4% of the elderly were unemployed, and more than half of them received a retirement salary. In addition, 78.8% of the participants had health insurance. According to the results of the anxiety and depression scale, the mean score of anxiety in the elderly was 1.52 with a standard deviation of 1.14 and the mean score of depression was 2.18 with a standard deviation of 1.51. It is notable that anxiety and depression were below eight in all participants. Findings on numerical indicators of anxiety and depression in the elderly with CHF showed a significant relationship between anxiety (P=0.024) and depression (P=0.027) and only the variable of gender, in a way that anxiety and depression were significantly higher in female elderlies, compared to male elderlies. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, none of the participants had an extreme and abnormal level of hospital anxiety and depression. In addition, the elderly with CHF had a low level of hospital anxiety and

Iranian rehabilitation journal, Jun 1, 2017

Health refers to the condition of perfect physical, mental and social well-being. The appropriate... more Health refers to the condition of perfect physical, mental and social well-being. The appropriate social well-being is the opposite of loneliness and depression. Social wellbeing is a psychosocial concept that is affected by many factors. This study determined the relationship between social function and social well-being in older adults. Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical study that was conducted on 550 older adults in Tehran. The participants were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Data was collected using Social Well-being Scale and Social Adaptation Self-evaluation Scale. Data were analyzed using Pearson coefficient and linear regression analysis in SPSS v. 22. Results: The mean age of participants was 66.10±6.68 years. The female participants accounted for 41.1% of subjects. There were significant correlations between all aspects of social function (quality of activities and the quality of relationships) and social well-being dimensions (P<0.01). The quality of activities had significant positive effects on all aspects of social well-being (P<0.01), and the quality of relationships also had significant effects on different aspects of social well-being, except on social coherence (P=n.s). Discussion: The findings showed that the social function affects social well-being. So individuals with higher social functioning also have higher social well-being and mental health.

Journal of Religion & Health, Nov 19, 2019

The heart transplantation is a stressful event, and its waiting time is often associated with wor... more The heart transplantation is a stressful event, and its waiting time is often associated with worsening of clinical conditions and deterioration of the patient’s quality of life. Spirituality plays an important role in mental health, so the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between spiritual health and quality of life of patients undergoing cardiac transplantation. The present descriptive study was performed on 48 patients undergoing cardiac transplantation at the Shahid Rajaee Cardiovascular Center in Tehran during the first half of 2016. The data were collected by Ellisan–Palutzian Spiritual Well-Being Scale, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) and Iranian Heart Failure Quality of Life Questionnaire (IHF-QOL). We used the SPSS v.20 software to analyze the data via descriptive statistics, parametric and non-parametric correlation and regression tests. The majority of patients (60.4%) had high spiritual health with a median score of 105, and its religious dimension was reported better ( P < 0.001 and r = 0.591). With a mean of 63.23 ± 23.25, the quality of life of the majority of patients (75%) was at a poor level based on the Minnesota questionnaire. According to the IHF-QOL, the median total score was 39.50. There was a significant relationship between spiritual health score and quality of life in both questionnaires (MLHFQ: P = 0.006 and r = − 394; IHF-QOL: P = 0.022 and r = 0.329). Considering the positive relationship between spiritual health and quality of life of patients in this study, it is recommended to implement spiritual care and provide fulfillment for various needs of patients along with other medical care services.

Research Square (Research Square), Feb 15, 2022

Background: Workplace Incivility is a common issue in the nursing profession. On the other hand, ... more Background: Workplace Incivility is a common issue in the nursing profession. On the other hand, studies imply that the professional quality of life in nurses is lower than average. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between workplace incivility and the professional quality of life in nurses. Methods: This cross-sectional correlational study was conducted in 2021 in Tehran. Participants were 200 nurses randomly recruited from selected hospitals of TUMS. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Nursing Incivility Scale (NIS), and the Professional Quality Of Life scale (ProQOL). Data analysis was performed through correlation test and multiple regression analysis, using the SPSS software version 16. Results: The mean age of participants was 32.30 ± 7.22, and 76.5% were female. There was a signi cant correlation between the professional quality of life and workplace incivility. Multiple regression analysis between the subscales of workplace incivility and professional quality of life demonstrated that the incivility from the supervisor (β=-0.29, P= 0.001) and incivility from patients (β=-0.27, P< 0.001) can predict the compassion satisfaction dimension. The incivility from the supervisor (β= 0.24, P= 0.001) and incivility from patients (β= 0.26, P< 0.001) can explain burnout. The incivility from the patients can explain secondary traumatic stress (β= 0.14, P= 0.02). Conclusions: This study showed that nurses experienced the incivility of various groups, including doctors and patients. Therefore, it seems necessary to identify behaviors of incivility and to reduce them through various ways like continuous training courses, clarifying the roles of nurses, and improving the professional image of nursing in society.

Journal of Gerontology, Oct 10, 2020

Immunopathologia Persa, Dec 28, 2019

Introduction: Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease which reduces the quality of l... more Introduction: Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease which reduces the quality of life and patients' productivity. People in different ages could be affected since its complications such as colon perforation and cancer are common. Oxidative stress is reported to create an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense systems which occurs in inflammatory tissues and predisposing malignant tumors. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effects of omega-3 on inflammatory, antioxidant, and oxidative markers of patients with ulcerative colitis. Patients and Methods: Seventy elderly patients with ulcerative colitis referring to Rasoul-e-Akram hospital (Iran University of Medical Sciences) with mild or moderate phase of the disease were investigated. Patients were undergoing their protocol treatment. Patients were randomly assigned to the block randomization assignment, including 35 patients (routine + omega-3) or control (routine + placebo). Based on a researcher-made checklist, the severity of the disease, as well as the oxidant, antioxidant, and inflammatory factors of the patients were determined before and after 2 months of treatment. Finally, the changes in these factors were compared between groups. Results: Among the 70 participants, 35 were in the control and 35 in the intervention group. All subjects were present during the whole period of the study, so the attrition rate was 0%. No significant difference was observed between the mean of BMI (body mass index) as kg/m2, waist circumference (cm), systolic pressure (mm Hg), and diastolic pressure (mm Hg) in both groups before and after the intervention. The measure of optimal changes in serum levels of MDA (malondialdehyde oxidant), AGEs (advanced glycation end-products), oxidized LDL (oxidized low density lipoprotein), TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and the improvement of antioxidant catalase copper markers were significantly higher in the intervention group, compared to the control one. Conclusion: Administration of omega-3 as an auxiliary component in the treatment of patients significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory and oxidative markers and a significant increase in antioxidant markers in the serum and improved blood pressure in patients with ulcerative colitis. Trial registration: The trial protocol was approved in the Thai Clinical Trials Registry (identifier: TCTR20191215001: http://www.clinicaltrials.in.th/index.php?tp=regtrials&menu=trialsearch&smenu=fulltex-t&task=search&task2=view1&id=5567, ethical code; IR.IUMS.FMD.REC.1397.108).

shiraz e medical journal, Jul 24, 2017

Background: Health consists of physical, psycho and social well-being. Social well-being in indiv... more Background: Health consists of physical, psycho and social well-being. Social well-being in individual level is a combination of psychological well-being about community. The importance of social well-being is high among the older adults for a different reason such as social isolation and loneliness. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study which was conducted in Tehran, capital of Iran, in 2016. The participants were communitydwelling older adults selected by using the multistage cluster sampling strategy across the city. We used Social Well-being Scale (SWS) for collecting data. Results: Three hundred older adults completed the scale. Mean age was 66.39 ± 6.98 years; 60% were male. The data revealed that the older participants were at moderate level in terms of social well-being. Social well-being in these older people was significantly related to their marital status (P= 0.03), level of education (P= 0.03), employment status (P<0.01), housing status (P<0.01), financial (P<0.01) and health status (P<0.01). Conclusions: Social well-being in older people is linked to having pension, house ownership, being employed, prospers financial status, education, good health and married status.

Research Square (Research Square), Feb 26, 2020

Background : A coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the causes of frequent elderly hospitalizat... more Background : A coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the causes of frequent elderly hospitalizations that are associated with psychological complications such as "hospital anxiety and depression". Furthermore, there needs to be a paradigm shift beyond routine programs toward innovative approaches such as clinical governance (CG) to improve the quality of care. This study aimed to investigate the association between Nursing Care Quality integrated with CG to Hospital Anxiety and Depression among Elderly Patients. Methods : In this descriptive correlational study, 250 elderly patients with CHD admitted to a large teaching hospital in Tehran, Iran as "Aging Friendly Hospital" selected by consecutive sampling method. The data collection instruments included the Quality Patient Care Scale (QUALPAC) and The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Data were collected by face to face interviews. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as independent t-test, ANOVA and correlation coefficients in SPSS v.16 software. Results : Overall, 91.6 % of the subjects perceived the quality of nursing care integrated with CG desirable. The mean score of HADS in the subscales of anxiety and depression were (1.52 ± 1.14 and 2.18 ± 1.51) respectively which indicates hospital anxiety and depression were less than the average level. There was a negative significant correlation between the subjects' hospital anxiety and quality nursing care (P< 0.01). Conclusion : The findings showed there is an association between perceived quality of nursing care and hospital anxiety among elderly patients. It is recommended that Managers of healthcare services should take into account CG seriously to paradigm shift beyond routinely care program toward innovative approaches of health policy.

Elderly health journal, Dec 29, 2020

Introduction: Place attachment is a sense of comfort of people in their neighborhood. Aged people... more Introduction: Place attachment is a sense of comfort of people in their neighborhood. Aged people are sensitive to changes in their environment. This study aimed to find the reliability and validity of the Place Attachment Scale (PAS) among Iranian older adults. Methods: This was a methodological study in which the study population consisted of 550 elderly people living in Tehran. Data were collected through PAS. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS statistics v.22 and LISREL v.20 software via Pearson correlation test, independent t-test, Cronbach’s alpha, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: Face validity of the PAS was confirmed by a panel of experts. Internal consistency of PAS was 0.95. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the construct validity of the PAS (CFI= 1.00, GFI= 0.98, RMSEA= 0.05) . The mean score of the participants' PAS was 23.78 ± 7.58 that was indicative of a moderate level of place attachment. Conclusion: PAS is a suitable tool for assessing Place Attachment among Iranian older adults.

International Journal of Medical Research and Health Sciences, 2016

This study aimed to investigate the effects of planned respiratory cares and Continuous Positive ... more This study aimed to investigate the effects of planned respiratory cares and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) on atelectasis and arterial blood oxygen levels in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) patients. pulmonary complications and oxygenation impairment after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (CABS) are prevalent and lead to increased hospitalization and treatment costs. Planned respiratory cares and the application of ventilation with CPAP mode are among the proceedings that are conducted in most of the health centers, but there are not sufficient scientific evidences to confirm the effectiveness of one of these proceedings after CABS. The preset study was a three-group clinical trial with the sample size of 120 patients (40 patients in each group) candidate for CABG based on permuted-block randomization. This study was conducted at ShahidRajaei Hospital, Iran in 2015. Patients in experimental group (1) received planned respiratory cares; patient in experimental group (2) received noninvasive ventilation with CPAP mode and; patients in control group received conventional respiratory cares. Other treatments were similar for all three groups. The groups of interest were compared regarding the percentages of measured arterial oxygen saturation before surgery and days one, two, and three after surgery. Also, chest X-rays of patients both before and after surgery (day 3) were compared in terms of atelectasis. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 using Chi-square tests, Kruskal- Wallis, and Friedman. the results showed that there is not any significant difference between three groups in terms of demographic variables, disease background, and arterial oxygen saturation values before surgery. In day (1), before intervention in patients of group 3, the arterial oxygen saturation values were higher compared to other two groups (p=0.03) and (p=0.001). In the case of atelectasis incidence, patients in group 2 had lowest incidence rate compared to other groups. However, there was no significant difference between three groups of the study. the results of this study showed that those patients who received noninvasive ventilation with CPAP mode after surgery, have better oxygenation status compared to patients receiving planned respiratory cares and patients receiving conventional cares. Also, oxygenation and recovery procedures are faster in these patients. The incidence of atelectasis in this group is lower compared to other groups. Therefore, it is recommended to use this noninvasive method to have better ventilation for patients under open heart surgery.