Mohsen Faizi | Iran University of Science & Technology (original) (raw)

Papers by Mohsen Faizi

Frontiers in Built Environment

With the industrialization of societies, urban planners are more concerned with the significance ... more With the industrialization of societies, urban planners are more concerned with the significance of leisure time since it affects individuals’ mental state and wellbeing. Considering the importance of visual quality, this study examined young adults in the Torghabe and Mellat park of the Mashhad to improve the quality of the leisure environment by detecting youth preferences for natural and man-made variables. Accordingly, the classic Delphi method was used to detect research variables. The most common preference priorities were extracted by photo surveys, simulation of the study environment, and conjoint analysis with the full design approach to calculate the relative importance and Part-Worths, or utility values of these variables, according to the results, among the considered attributes, “shape” (32.61%) and “ solid/void patterns” (5.96%) were of the most and the least significance in the youth preferences for leisure spaces combining natural and shopping environment.

Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences, 2017

"Light well" as one of the most common means of daylight tolls in building, experiences severe li... more "Light well" as one of the most common means of daylight tolls in building, experiences severe limitations and deserve special attention. The question is which strategy is the best for increasing the daylight penetration to the depth of buildings. One of the main challenges in deep plan is to guide daylight into the building core and this can be performed through daylighting strategies, but the choice of the proper innovative daylighting system (IDS) with several parameters is the problem. This paper aims to find elements for optimal choice and selecting context-compatible tools for light well. The result shows that four macro factors were found at the interaction of building and IDS. Identifying the integration components can play an effective role in decision-making or design a new tolls consistent with the physical conditions of light well and building to overcome the daylight crisis.

The textual and structural approach to landscape makes it possible to develop a visual analysis o... more The textual and structural approach to landscape makes it possible to develop a visual analysis of a landscape and its concepts and elements. Conducted in an inductive approach, this study uses historical documents with an exploratory and descriptive strategy to draw results. This research can also be considered a visual study which uses image as an extraction and induction tool. The hypothesis of the research is that Shiraz large-scale historical landscape can be reconstructed based on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of images drawn by foreign travelers in recent centuries. the Shiraz historical landscape can be represented in terms of continuing of features and elements of the images. Shiraz, the capital of Fars province, is one of the oldest cities and the most populous cities of the present Iran. Shiraz has a semi-temperate climate, and in the past its water had been supplied from number of subterranean (Ghanat). Afifabad, Eram, Delgosha, and Bagh-e-Takht are well-known gardens in Shiraz which have a vague but very old history. This paper aims at answering these questions: What components are included in the large-scale historical landscape of Shiraz? How Shiraz large-scale historical landscape has evolved? Which components of Shiraz large-scale historical landscape are more important, and is maintaining them necessary? However, in the oldest available image of Shiraz, drawn by Andre Dulier-Dealandes in 1664, about 100 years before ruling of Karim khan Zand in Shiraz (1765), an interesting point can be found. Based on Dealandes’ illustrations and descriptions, there are lots of cypress trees around Shiraz especially in its northern entrance and west side which has surrounded the city area. This image has been drawn from the north of the city behind Koran gate which gated the way to Isfahan. Jean Charden, a French tourist, who visited Shiraz in 1674; about 10 years after Dealandes, has a picture from the city entrance in which the abundant trees are noticeable. However, in Niebuhr’s picture (1765), drawn simultaneous with Kari khan monarchy, there is no sign of preeminent gardens leading to the city anymore. Four images drawn by four foreign travelers (Dealandes (1664), Charden (1674), Niebuhr (1765), Brugsch (1860)) were selected to conduct the study. These images included some landscape features of the upper level of the City of Shiraz in 200 years ago. Each image was analyzed in terms of components (natural (basic and secondary) and man-made) and characteristics (detail level) qualitatively and quantitatively. The percentage of each component was calculated and the detail level was analyzed in a trivalent range (high, medium and low). The results showed that the northern and southern mountains and the gardens leading to the Gate of Quran are the most important natural components of Shiraz large-scale historical landscape drawn with medium or high detail level. The Gate of Quran and the Mausoleum of Ali-Ibn-Hamzeh are the most significant man-made components of Shiraz large-scale historical landscape in the images. The Khoshk River is another key natural element of the city drawn with relatively little details. Shiraz Urban Management should do its best to preserve these components to help maintain the identity of Shiraz historical landscape.

Frontiers in Built Environment, Sep 14, 2022

The governments implemented social distancing and isolation with the spread of COVID-19. However,... more The governments implemented social distancing and isolation with the spread of COVID-19. However, these ways efficiently prevent coronavirus transmission, but they caused unprecedented changes in most people's dayto-day lives. One of the concerns is mental health, and many experts are concerned about the tsunami of mental illnesses during and after coronavirus. Being exposed to nature has an efficient role in mental health. Under pandemic conditions, people reduced their outdoor activities, but personal green spaces are still available. This research assessed the impact of these spaces as an alternative to public green spaces and their benefits during COVID-19 on mental health and generalized anxiety disorder. Accordingly, by designing an online self-administered questionnaire, a total of 700 residents of Tehran apartments were evaluated. A structural equation model was created. The results demonstrate that using personal green spaces has a negative correlation and significant impact on general mental health and generalized anxiety disorder. It also plays a more substantial role in reducing depression than its role in reducing anxiety among individuals. Therefore, maximum land use policies should be reviewed. Also, green spaces should be given more attention in post-COVID designs on a macro-scale to a small scale.

URBAN DESIGN International

Landscape Online

Accurate knowledge of human perception can help designers to create desirable spaces. An increase... more Accurate knowledge of human perception can help designers to create desirable spaces. An increase in publications from 2000 to 2020 demonstrates that studies in human perception of the landscape are evolving. This systematic review aims to comprehensively review existing knowledge and published papers on human perception concerning landscape to promote these approaches in this field for future research. Therefore, a systematic literature search analysis of 255 articles was drawn from four databases: Scopus, ScienceDirect (Elsevier), SAGE, and Taylor & Francis. Results show that the previous concerns are categorized into four main categories: human, heritage, infrastructure, and landscape characteristics. The results of this paper suggest that in future studies researchers should study the heritage and infrastructures factors and evaluate the potential and effects of these issues in the process of human-environmental interactions.

The relationship between climatology and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has not been suffice... more The relationship between climatology and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has not been sufficently considered and the gaps have been left unfilled. This article aimed at finding the relationship between climatology and behavior setting in OCD patients. The current study is a descriptive relational study based on a literature review. Eleven databases from four related disciplines were searched, including interdisciplinary, health, Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal (Ircmj) and Iranian medical university. Of the 1960 papers identified, 39 met the eligibility criteria and quality for selection from different geographic regions all over the world. Findings indicate different climatic conditions lead to variable OCD prevalence rate. The most frequent OCD patients are related in cold and dry climatic conditions. Also the lowest frequency OCD patients are related in hot and humid weather and climatology. There are clear relationship between climatology and OCD prevalence. And this is ...

Urban monuments encompass a wide range of architectural works either intentionally or unintention... more Urban monuments encompass a wide range of architectural works either intentionally or unintentionally. These works are often salient due to their inherently explicit or hidden components and qualities in the urban context. Therefore, they affect the mental-spatial representations of the environment and make the city legible. However, the ambiguity of effective components often complicates their saliency evaluation and measurement. In addition, the literature of architecture and urban planning evidently lacks a systematic method for extracting and determining the architectural components affecting the saliency of urban monuments. After reviewing the research literature, this study aims to analyze the nature of these components by proposing a method of extracting and identifying them through a qualitative approach through case studies of urban monuments in Qazvin. For this purpose, given the importance of verbal descriptions of urban monuments in advancing the objectives of this study...

Iran University of Science & Technology, 2019

International Journal of Architecture and Urban Development, 2017

Park design in Iran has followed the traditional European style since the Qajar dynasty. Thefamil... more Park design in Iran has followed the traditional European style since the Qajar dynasty. Thefamiliarity of Iranians with the spirit of Persian gardens and the low quality of the newest parks is such that usersprefer ancient geometrical Persian gardens. Today, those responsible for the design of urban green spaces lackingexamples differing from the traditional and thus they are in need of an adequate set of guidelines for how to design forpresent conditions, users, and their needs. This research focuses on the relationship between park design componentsand users’ psychological restoration regarding their preferences and perceptions to increase the quality of parks,diminish vandalism, and increase user agency. Psychological restoration is the likeliness that people will be able torest and recover their ability to focus. A random sample of 100 Tehranian residents was taken by presenting themwith images depicting 6 urban parks from around their city. The results were analyzed by groupin...

Journal of Building Engineering

MethodsX, 2022

The method presented in the article is helpful for analyzing the aesthetical landscape preference... more The method presented in the article is helpful for analyzing the aesthetical landscape preferences. Using visual and physical plant combinations in small abandoned spaces, this study seeks to discover what citizens prefer in terms of coherence, legibility, and refuge? The procedure relies on visual questioning to get residents’ opinion based on three criteria: legibility, coherence, and refuge. Specifically, it aims at exploring the relation of three landscape variables with the enclosure. Participants gave the lowest ratings for refuge in visually open & physically open environments, according to the data. In visually open environments, the participants' perception of coherence does not vary significantly. When compared to other characteristics (coherence and legibility), the research of spatial configurations of vest-pocket parks shows that enclosure is more important in terms of refuge. Finally, the significant difference between object-focused parks and others indicated the critical design process of this type of pocket park. • Visual questionnaire survey is helpful for analyzing the aesthetical landscape preferences. • A photomontage method could apply design possibilities in relation to planting.

Conventional energy storage systems (ESSs) such as super-capacitors and lithium-ion batteries req... more Conventional energy storage systems (ESSs) such as super-capacitors and lithium-ion batteries require voltage equalization systems to eliminate voltage imbalances, and bidirectional dc-dc converters to complete the charging process. These separated systems require some sensors, inductors, switches, and transformers. Consequently, the ESSs volumes, prices, and their complexity are dramatically increased by increasing the required series connected batteries count. Here, a self-equalized battery charger is proposed for lithium-ion batteries by combining a voltage multiplier (VM) and a phase-shifted full-bridge (PSFB) dc-dc converter. In the proposed self-equalized battery charger, the voltage multiplier eliminates the voltage imbalances and the PSFB dc-dc converter carries out the charging process. By combining the voltage equalizing and the charging systems into a single system, an integrated converter is obtained which leads to simultaneous charging and equalization operations, power...

Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 2016

The innovative daylighting systems can deliver natural light to a space in a building, where insu... more The innovative daylighting systems can deliver natural light to a space in a building, where insufficient amount of daylight is provided by the routine daylighting systems. The new building forms and users' needs cause in compacted buildings, and thus supporting the high skin-to-volume ratio not achieved. By using a survey of major applications for daylighting systems, this study provides practical advice to building designers and researchers. Many system have been lunched, but challenges, such as high initial cost, utilization difficulties, and application limitations, prevent their widespread use. Survey show that, none of them overcome all associated challenges, but a number of systems efficiently suit different circumstances is a more practical approach. The study makes the capabilities and limitations of the different system and discusses the challenges and promises facing architect and lighting designers.

Background: women have been exposed to growing symptoms of depression by urban life as well as en... more Background: women have been exposed to growing symptoms of depression by urban life as well as endangering their mental health. Researches show that the effect of landscape components can be virtually seen in films and images. However, the main point is to rank the effectiveness of components in providing an appropriate virtual environment for women`s health. Tehran has gardens where effective components on mental health are hidden. These gardens are suitable samples for evaluating landscape architecture components from users’ views, especially women in virtual environment. Methods: This research introduced the effective components on mental health based on universal research. By determining these components in the gardens of Tehran, we assessed their effectiveness in six selected qualified spots of public gardens in Tehran with multimedia questionnaires in virtual space from 300 women who went to garden in three completely similar areas from 8 A.M to 12 A.M. The method of this rese...

There are many studies on citizens' subjective perceptions. What these studies have in ‎c... more There are many studies on citizens' subjective perceptions. What these studies have in ‎common is the notion of "mental image" which is something intangible and intangible. Images, ‎the result of the interaction between humans and the environment and includes a person's ‎mental awareness of their environment. Cognitive maps and mental images is an important ‎issue in the fields of urban design and urban contemporary. And, more recently, has become ‎one of the important issues in architecture. Mental images and cognitive maps are considered ‎as kinds of tool to achieve internal representation of the environment. Eligible, manipulated ‎and even empty mental images and cognitive maps in urban landscape makes the formation of ‎landscape which could be defined as any parts of environment that limited to knowledge and ‎conscious of place, a problematic issue. Although mental maps, also called cognitive maps, are ‎a centerpiece of geographic research, they are perhaps most widely associated with Kevin ‎Lynch, an architect and planner. Mental maps are cartographic representations of how people ‎differ in their evaluation of places. Our mental maps become more complex over time when ‎we incorporate information derived from indirect as well as direct experience. In addition to ‎the personal experience the mental map is influenced by the reputation of the area in general.‎ ‎ A variety of methods and techniques derived in recent decades and has been ‎experienced. Several methods have been used in cognitive mapping to elicit the organized ‎representations of a given environment. These include the direct-mapping procedure adopted ‎by Lynch and others, construction of preference maps and the use of questionnaires in more ‎sophisticated statistical procedures multidimensional scaling procedures and computer ‎scanning techniques. The direct-mapping technique is marked by attempts on the part of the ‎individual to create a map of an environment as mental image. It is thus distinguished from ‎other methods involving maps constructed on the basis of information provided by respondents ‎and drawn indirectly by the investigator.‎ This diversity makes comparative study of methods of extracting images a necessary ‎work and makes such a work essential in investigating and comprehensive understanding of ‎their strengths and weaknesses of them in particular represents. In this study, by using a ‎combination of strategies, such as qualitative strategy and classification of data new has ‎typology have been derived from many sources of data. Literature review and analysis of ‎relevant aspects of the transfer and an attempt has been fully studied yet concisely and is ‎mentioned. The hypothesis is based on the similarities and differences between methods that ‎can be extracted from cognitive maps as a way to classify images which enable it to built ‎theoretical model or models. Finally, explained the model to provide a comprehensive ‎representation of the environment. This model emphasizes the strengths and weaknesses of the ‎grounds will be reduced. Finally, the results of the analysis and evaluation are evolving in ‎interpretive approach. The results of this study showed that different species of concepts in the ‎field of mental - Conceptual maps could be recognizable which could be divided in to two ‎categories; "Topological representation" and "conceptual representations". The methodology ‎for obtaining images and cognitive maps are indivisible in two categories; first "Design - ‎drawing models (reproductive)" and "recognition-assessment models - (non-reproductive)". ‎Analysing the methods of representing mental maps in general led to a comprehensive model ‎for the representation of landscape and urban environment which in terms of the methodology ‎consists of "mental maps" and "conceptual maps". Extraction of cognitive maps in order to ‎achieve "the common cognitive map" of the represented environment is dealing with some ‎weakness. First of all is “weakness of simplification process" which removes the elements of ‎graphic quality and its details as a result. And other is "weak graphics system" which is limited ‎to the five elements of Lynch and the two scale of measurement in definition. In general, this ‎visual system for representation of the natural factors in urban landscape and the quality of the ‎drawing could not be extended. In this sense, the research on the urban landscape requires its ‎own graphical language definition. Finally, "the impossibility of comparing results in different ‎ways", especially because of the nature and methodology of the evaluation procedures and ‎graphics that only can be used in parallel. The use of new technology tools such as global ‎communication networks (Internet and media) and computer software and simulation, and as ‎in the near future as the primary tool and then take shape as…

2020 11th Power Electronics, Drive Systems, and Technologies Conference (PEDSTC), 2020

Lithium-Ion batteries and super capacitors traditional energy storage systems(ESSs) need a voltag... more Lithium-Ion batteries and super capacitors traditional energy storage systems(ESSs) need a voltages balancing circuit to remove voltage imbalance and one bidirectional dc-dc converter to control the charge process. Since these two separated circuits need several sensors, switches, inductors and multi windings transformer, the complexity and volume of ESS is boosted. In this paper, a self-equalized charger for lithium-ion batteries is proposed which consists of a phase-shifted full bridge dc-dc converter for charging operation and a voltage multiplier for eliminating voltages imbalance. Owing to integrated structure of the proposed circuit, complexity and volume of the system are reduced. By using phase-shifted method, the converter experiences ZVS operation which gives rise to high efficiency and control simplicity.

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2017

The phase-shifted full-bridge (PSFB) converter is widely employed in high-power applications. How... more The phase-shifted full-bridge (PSFB) converter is widely employed in high-power applications. However, circulating current, narrow range of zero-voltage switching (ZVS), duty-cycle loss, and secondary parasitic oscillation are the main drawbacks of the traditional PSFB converter. This paper proposes an improved full-bridge converter to solve the drawbacks of the traditional PSFB converter. In the proposed converter, a coupled inductor with three windings is introduced to adjust the available ZVS energy and to transfer power to the output side during freewheeling period. Due to this structure, output filter requirement, circulating current, the required ZVS energy, and secondary voltage oscillation can be reduced. Thus, the proposed converter can obtain higher conversion efficiency than the traditional PSFB converter. In this paper, the detailed operation principles and experimental results are presented. Index Terms-Circulating current, full range of load, phase-shifted full-bridge (PSFB) converter, zero-voltage switching (ZVS).

Frontiers in Built Environment

With the industrialization of societies, urban planners are more concerned with the significance ... more With the industrialization of societies, urban planners are more concerned with the significance of leisure time since it affects individuals’ mental state and wellbeing. Considering the importance of visual quality, this study examined young adults in the Torghabe and Mellat park of the Mashhad to improve the quality of the leisure environment by detecting youth preferences for natural and man-made variables. Accordingly, the classic Delphi method was used to detect research variables. The most common preference priorities were extracted by photo surveys, simulation of the study environment, and conjoint analysis with the full design approach to calculate the relative importance and Part-Worths, or utility values of these variables, according to the results, among the considered attributes, “shape” (32.61%) and “ solid/void patterns” (5.96%) were of the most and the least significance in the youth preferences for leisure spaces combining natural and shopping environment.

Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences, 2017

"Light well" as one of the most common means of daylight tolls in building, experiences severe li... more "Light well" as one of the most common means of daylight tolls in building, experiences severe limitations and deserve special attention. The question is which strategy is the best for increasing the daylight penetration to the depth of buildings. One of the main challenges in deep plan is to guide daylight into the building core and this can be performed through daylighting strategies, but the choice of the proper innovative daylighting system (IDS) with several parameters is the problem. This paper aims to find elements for optimal choice and selecting context-compatible tools for light well. The result shows that four macro factors were found at the interaction of building and IDS. Identifying the integration components can play an effective role in decision-making or design a new tolls consistent with the physical conditions of light well and building to overcome the daylight crisis.

The textual and structural approach to landscape makes it possible to develop a visual analysis o... more The textual and structural approach to landscape makes it possible to develop a visual analysis of a landscape and its concepts and elements. Conducted in an inductive approach, this study uses historical documents with an exploratory and descriptive strategy to draw results. This research can also be considered a visual study which uses image as an extraction and induction tool. The hypothesis of the research is that Shiraz large-scale historical landscape can be reconstructed based on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of images drawn by foreign travelers in recent centuries. the Shiraz historical landscape can be represented in terms of continuing of features and elements of the images. Shiraz, the capital of Fars province, is one of the oldest cities and the most populous cities of the present Iran. Shiraz has a semi-temperate climate, and in the past its water had been supplied from number of subterranean (Ghanat). Afifabad, Eram, Delgosha, and Bagh-e-Takht are well-known gardens in Shiraz which have a vague but very old history. This paper aims at answering these questions: What components are included in the large-scale historical landscape of Shiraz? How Shiraz large-scale historical landscape has evolved? Which components of Shiraz large-scale historical landscape are more important, and is maintaining them necessary? However, in the oldest available image of Shiraz, drawn by Andre Dulier-Dealandes in 1664, about 100 years before ruling of Karim khan Zand in Shiraz (1765), an interesting point can be found. Based on Dealandes’ illustrations and descriptions, there are lots of cypress trees around Shiraz especially in its northern entrance and west side which has surrounded the city area. This image has been drawn from the north of the city behind Koran gate which gated the way to Isfahan. Jean Charden, a French tourist, who visited Shiraz in 1674; about 10 years after Dealandes, has a picture from the city entrance in which the abundant trees are noticeable. However, in Niebuhr’s picture (1765), drawn simultaneous with Kari khan monarchy, there is no sign of preeminent gardens leading to the city anymore. Four images drawn by four foreign travelers (Dealandes (1664), Charden (1674), Niebuhr (1765), Brugsch (1860)) were selected to conduct the study. These images included some landscape features of the upper level of the City of Shiraz in 200 years ago. Each image was analyzed in terms of components (natural (basic and secondary) and man-made) and characteristics (detail level) qualitatively and quantitatively. The percentage of each component was calculated and the detail level was analyzed in a trivalent range (high, medium and low). The results showed that the northern and southern mountains and the gardens leading to the Gate of Quran are the most important natural components of Shiraz large-scale historical landscape drawn with medium or high detail level. The Gate of Quran and the Mausoleum of Ali-Ibn-Hamzeh are the most significant man-made components of Shiraz large-scale historical landscape in the images. The Khoshk River is another key natural element of the city drawn with relatively little details. Shiraz Urban Management should do its best to preserve these components to help maintain the identity of Shiraz historical landscape.

Frontiers in Built Environment, Sep 14, 2022

The governments implemented social distancing and isolation with the spread of COVID-19. However,... more The governments implemented social distancing and isolation with the spread of COVID-19. However, these ways efficiently prevent coronavirus transmission, but they caused unprecedented changes in most people's dayto-day lives. One of the concerns is mental health, and many experts are concerned about the tsunami of mental illnesses during and after coronavirus. Being exposed to nature has an efficient role in mental health. Under pandemic conditions, people reduced their outdoor activities, but personal green spaces are still available. This research assessed the impact of these spaces as an alternative to public green spaces and their benefits during COVID-19 on mental health and generalized anxiety disorder. Accordingly, by designing an online self-administered questionnaire, a total of 700 residents of Tehran apartments were evaluated. A structural equation model was created. The results demonstrate that using personal green spaces has a negative correlation and significant impact on general mental health and generalized anxiety disorder. It also plays a more substantial role in reducing depression than its role in reducing anxiety among individuals. Therefore, maximum land use policies should be reviewed. Also, green spaces should be given more attention in post-COVID designs on a macro-scale to a small scale.

URBAN DESIGN International

Landscape Online

Accurate knowledge of human perception can help designers to create desirable spaces. An increase... more Accurate knowledge of human perception can help designers to create desirable spaces. An increase in publications from 2000 to 2020 demonstrates that studies in human perception of the landscape are evolving. This systematic review aims to comprehensively review existing knowledge and published papers on human perception concerning landscape to promote these approaches in this field for future research. Therefore, a systematic literature search analysis of 255 articles was drawn from four databases: Scopus, ScienceDirect (Elsevier), SAGE, and Taylor & Francis. Results show that the previous concerns are categorized into four main categories: human, heritage, infrastructure, and landscape characteristics. The results of this paper suggest that in future studies researchers should study the heritage and infrastructures factors and evaluate the potential and effects of these issues in the process of human-environmental interactions.

The relationship between climatology and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has not been suffice... more The relationship between climatology and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has not been sufficently considered and the gaps have been left unfilled. This article aimed at finding the relationship between climatology and behavior setting in OCD patients. The current study is a descriptive relational study based on a literature review. Eleven databases from four related disciplines were searched, including interdisciplinary, health, Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal (Ircmj) and Iranian medical university. Of the 1960 papers identified, 39 met the eligibility criteria and quality for selection from different geographic regions all over the world. Findings indicate different climatic conditions lead to variable OCD prevalence rate. The most frequent OCD patients are related in cold and dry climatic conditions. Also the lowest frequency OCD patients are related in hot and humid weather and climatology. There are clear relationship between climatology and OCD prevalence. And this is ...

Urban monuments encompass a wide range of architectural works either intentionally or unintention... more Urban monuments encompass a wide range of architectural works either intentionally or unintentionally. These works are often salient due to their inherently explicit or hidden components and qualities in the urban context. Therefore, they affect the mental-spatial representations of the environment and make the city legible. However, the ambiguity of effective components often complicates their saliency evaluation and measurement. In addition, the literature of architecture and urban planning evidently lacks a systematic method for extracting and determining the architectural components affecting the saliency of urban monuments. After reviewing the research literature, this study aims to analyze the nature of these components by proposing a method of extracting and identifying them through a qualitative approach through case studies of urban monuments in Qazvin. For this purpose, given the importance of verbal descriptions of urban monuments in advancing the objectives of this study...

Iran University of Science & Technology, 2019

International Journal of Architecture and Urban Development, 2017

Park design in Iran has followed the traditional European style since the Qajar dynasty. Thefamil... more Park design in Iran has followed the traditional European style since the Qajar dynasty. Thefamiliarity of Iranians with the spirit of Persian gardens and the low quality of the newest parks is such that usersprefer ancient geometrical Persian gardens. Today, those responsible for the design of urban green spaces lackingexamples differing from the traditional and thus they are in need of an adequate set of guidelines for how to design forpresent conditions, users, and their needs. This research focuses on the relationship between park design componentsand users’ psychological restoration regarding their preferences and perceptions to increase the quality of parks,diminish vandalism, and increase user agency. Psychological restoration is the likeliness that people will be able torest and recover their ability to focus. A random sample of 100 Tehranian residents was taken by presenting themwith images depicting 6 urban parks from around their city. The results were analyzed by groupin...

Journal of Building Engineering

MethodsX, 2022

The method presented in the article is helpful for analyzing the aesthetical landscape preference... more The method presented in the article is helpful for analyzing the aesthetical landscape preferences. Using visual and physical plant combinations in small abandoned spaces, this study seeks to discover what citizens prefer in terms of coherence, legibility, and refuge? The procedure relies on visual questioning to get residents’ opinion based on three criteria: legibility, coherence, and refuge. Specifically, it aims at exploring the relation of three landscape variables with the enclosure. Participants gave the lowest ratings for refuge in visually open & physically open environments, according to the data. In visually open environments, the participants' perception of coherence does not vary significantly. When compared to other characteristics (coherence and legibility), the research of spatial configurations of vest-pocket parks shows that enclosure is more important in terms of refuge. Finally, the significant difference between object-focused parks and others indicated the critical design process of this type of pocket park. • Visual questionnaire survey is helpful for analyzing the aesthetical landscape preferences. • A photomontage method could apply design possibilities in relation to planting.

Conventional energy storage systems (ESSs) such as super-capacitors and lithium-ion batteries req... more Conventional energy storage systems (ESSs) such as super-capacitors and lithium-ion batteries require voltage equalization systems to eliminate voltage imbalances, and bidirectional dc-dc converters to complete the charging process. These separated systems require some sensors, inductors, switches, and transformers. Consequently, the ESSs volumes, prices, and their complexity are dramatically increased by increasing the required series connected batteries count. Here, a self-equalized battery charger is proposed for lithium-ion batteries by combining a voltage multiplier (VM) and a phase-shifted full-bridge (PSFB) dc-dc converter. In the proposed self-equalized battery charger, the voltage multiplier eliminates the voltage imbalances and the PSFB dc-dc converter carries out the charging process. By combining the voltage equalizing and the charging systems into a single system, an integrated converter is obtained which leads to simultaneous charging and equalization operations, power...

Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 2016

The innovative daylighting systems can deliver natural light to a space in a building, where insu... more The innovative daylighting systems can deliver natural light to a space in a building, where insufficient amount of daylight is provided by the routine daylighting systems. The new building forms and users' needs cause in compacted buildings, and thus supporting the high skin-to-volume ratio not achieved. By using a survey of major applications for daylighting systems, this study provides practical advice to building designers and researchers. Many system have been lunched, but challenges, such as high initial cost, utilization difficulties, and application limitations, prevent their widespread use. Survey show that, none of them overcome all associated challenges, but a number of systems efficiently suit different circumstances is a more practical approach. The study makes the capabilities and limitations of the different system and discusses the challenges and promises facing architect and lighting designers.

Background: women have been exposed to growing symptoms of depression by urban life as well as en... more Background: women have been exposed to growing symptoms of depression by urban life as well as endangering their mental health. Researches show that the effect of landscape components can be virtually seen in films and images. However, the main point is to rank the effectiveness of components in providing an appropriate virtual environment for women`s health. Tehran has gardens where effective components on mental health are hidden. These gardens are suitable samples for evaluating landscape architecture components from users’ views, especially women in virtual environment. Methods: This research introduced the effective components on mental health based on universal research. By determining these components in the gardens of Tehran, we assessed their effectiveness in six selected qualified spots of public gardens in Tehran with multimedia questionnaires in virtual space from 300 women who went to garden in three completely similar areas from 8 A.M to 12 A.M. The method of this rese...

There are many studies on citizens' subjective perceptions. What these studies have in ‎c... more There are many studies on citizens' subjective perceptions. What these studies have in ‎common is the notion of "mental image" which is something intangible and intangible. Images, ‎the result of the interaction between humans and the environment and includes a person's ‎mental awareness of their environment. Cognitive maps and mental images is an important ‎issue in the fields of urban design and urban contemporary. And, more recently, has become ‎one of the important issues in architecture. Mental images and cognitive maps are considered ‎as kinds of tool to achieve internal representation of the environment. Eligible, manipulated ‎and even empty mental images and cognitive maps in urban landscape makes the formation of ‎landscape which could be defined as any parts of environment that limited to knowledge and ‎conscious of place, a problematic issue. Although mental maps, also called cognitive maps, are ‎a centerpiece of geographic research, they are perhaps most widely associated with Kevin ‎Lynch, an architect and planner. Mental maps are cartographic representations of how people ‎differ in their evaluation of places. Our mental maps become more complex over time when ‎we incorporate information derived from indirect as well as direct experience. In addition to ‎the personal experience the mental map is influenced by the reputation of the area in general.‎ ‎ A variety of methods and techniques derived in recent decades and has been ‎experienced. Several methods have been used in cognitive mapping to elicit the organized ‎representations of a given environment. These include the direct-mapping procedure adopted ‎by Lynch and others, construction of preference maps and the use of questionnaires in more ‎sophisticated statistical procedures multidimensional scaling procedures and computer ‎scanning techniques. The direct-mapping technique is marked by attempts on the part of the ‎individual to create a map of an environment as mental image. It is thus distinguished from ‎other methods involving maps constructed on the basis of information provided by respondents ‎and drawn indirectly by the investigator.‎ This diversity makes comparative study of methods of extracting images a necessary ‎work and makes such a work essential in investigating and comprehensive understanding of ‎their strengths and weaknesses of them in particular represents. In this study, by using a ‎combination of strategies, such as qualitative strategy and classification of data new has ‎typology have been derived from many sources of data. Literature review and analysis of ‎relevant aspects of the transfer and an attempt has been fully studied yet concisely and is ‎mentioned. The hypothesis is based on the similarities and differences between methods that ‎can be extracted from cognitive maps as a way to classify images which enable it to built ‎theoretical model or models. Finally, explained the model to provide a comprehensive ‎representation of the environment. This model emphasizes the strengths and weaknesses of the ‎grounds will be reduced. Finally, the results of the analysis and evaluation are evolving in ‎interpretive approach. The results of this study showed that different species of concepts in the ‎field of mental - Conceptual maps could be recognizable which could be divided in to two ‎categories; "Topological representation" and "conceptual representations". The methodology ‎for obtaining images and cognitive maps are indivisible in two categories; first "Design - ‎drawing models (reproductive)" and "recognition-assessment models - (non-reproductive)". ‎Analysing the methods of representing mental maps in general led to a comprehensive model ‎for the representation of landscape and urban environment which in terms of the methodology ‎consists of "mental maps" and "conceptual maps". Extraction of cognitive maps in order to ‎achieve "the common cognitive map" of the represented environment is dealing with some ‎weakness. First of all is “weakness of simplification process" which removes the elements of ‎graphic quality and its details as a result. And other is "weak graphics system" which is limited ‎to the five elements of Lynch and the two scale of measurement in definition. In general, this ‎visual system for representation of the natural factors in urban landscape and the quality of the ‎drawing could not be extended. In this sense, the research on the urban landscape requires its ‎own graphical language definition. Finally, "the impossibility of comparing results in different ‎ways", especially because of the nature and methodology of the evaluation procedures and ‎graphics that only can be used in parallel. The use of new technology tools such as global ‎communication networks (Internet and media) and computer software and simulation, and as ‎in the near future as the primary tool and then take shape as…

2020 11th Power Electronics, Drive Systems, and Technologies Conference (PEDSTC), 2020

Lithium-Ion batteries and super capacitors traditional energy storage systems(ESSs) need a voltag... more Lithium-Ion batteries and super capacitors traditional energy storage systems(ESSs) need a voltages balancing circuit to remove voltage imbalance and one bidirectional dc-dc converter to control the charge process. Since these two separated circuits need several sensors, switches, inductors and multi windings transformer, the complexity and volume of ESS is boosted. In this paper, a self-equalized charger for lithium-ion batteries is proposed which consists of a phase-shifted full bridge dc-dc converter for charging operation and a voltage multiplier for eliminating voltages imbalance. Owing to integrated structure of the proposed circuit, complexity and volume of the system are reduced. By using phase-shifted method, the converter experiences ZVS operation which gives rise to high efficiency and control simplicity.

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2017

The phase-shifted full-bridge (PSFB) converter is widely employed in high-power applications. How... more The phase-shifted full-bridge (PSFB) converter is widely employed in high-power applications. However, circulating current, narrow range of zero-voltage switching (ZVS), duty-cycle loss, and secondary parasitic oscillation are the main drawbacks of the traditional PSFB converter. This paper proposes an improved full-bridge converter to solve the drawbacks of the traditional PSFB converter. In the proposed converter, a coupled inductor with three windings is introduced to adjust the available ZVS energy and to transfer power to the output side during freewheeling period. Due to this structure, output filter requirement, circulating current, the required ZVS energy, and secondary voltage oscillation can be reduced. Thus, the proposed converter can obtain higher conversion efficiency than the traditional PSFB converter. In this paper, the detailed operation principles and experimental results are presented. Index Terms-Circulating current, full range of load, phase-shifted full-bridge (PSFB) converter, zero-voltage switching (ZVS).

Architecture precedents are important sources to educate architecture students. Inappropriate use... more Architecture precedents are important sources to educate architecture students. Inappropriate use of precedents may lead to design fixation. The use of precedents is common in architectural design and there is no clear difference between copy and inspiration. Therefore it is important to know what the true mapping is and how we can evaluate the relation between precedent and design outcome.
In this paper with the aim to recognize the true mapping, we describe the different mapping models and analyze those based on bloom taxonomy from remember layer to understand, apply, analyze and create layers. Based on this model 20 steps must be done: recognizing, recalling, remember, interpreting, exemplifying, classifying, summarizing, inferring, comparing, explaining, executing, implanting, differentiating, organizing, attributing, checking, critiquing , generating, planning and producing. The Eilouti model is more comprehensive than others and comprise all layers, but it is a complicated model and difficult to reuse by educators. The models compared based on new findings of design theories. Six models are categorized in normative models and one is categorized empirical. Therefore there is no mapping model based on studding the design behavior of expert designers, observing designers during design process and interacting between designer and design idea presentation. Thus none of these models didn’t use by other researchers or in architecture education. But visual analogy model became an educational method because of its empirical merit.
We investigated all different methods that evaluate relation between precedent and design idea. There are two approaches, first approach evaluate idea without considering precedent. In this approach good idea is creative ones and four creativity parameters, novelty, quality, quantity and diversity, are evaluated in qualitative, quantitative, or synthesis methods. Second approach evaluates design idea in comparison with precedent based on originality, design fixation and similarity type definitions. Some evaluation methods such as quantity, diversity or repeated ideas are used in conditions that designers produced all possible ideas and are not usable in normal conditions. Some methods need to predict all possible solutions by researcher and count all precedent features that almost impossible in architectural design. Therefore most of the quantitative methods are not usable in architectural education and qualitative methods based on expert judges are preferred.
We presented four mapping definitions based on four different approaches, mapping process, creative idea, design fixation, and structural mapping. For every definition there is an evaluation method. The comprehensive definition is offered that true mapping is going beyond levels of thinking and achieve creation level that leads to structural similarity and enhances novelty and quality of design idea. The similarity between source and idea and novelty and quality of idea must be evaluated based on this definition. Knowing the true definition and having a mapping process model cannot guarantee the design results. Students copy the source examples because lack of design ability, idea presentation skills or ideation ability. Thus there is need to purposeful and designed practices to help students. Finding educational ways to enhance students’ ability in true mapping are recommended for Future studies.