Francisco Raul Hernadez Gonzalez | Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (original) (raw)

Papers by Francisco Raul Hernadez Gonzalez

Revista Medica Del Uruguay, Sep 1, 2012

Introducción: las infecciones bacterianas en los receptores de trasplante renal (TR) y reno-páncr... more Introducción: las infecciones bacterianas en los receptores de trasplante renal (TR) y reno-páncreas (TRP) son frecuentes y constituyen una de las principales causas de muerte en este grupo de pacientes. Es imperativo identificar el perfil de estos microorganismos para realizar un mejor abordaje terapéutico empírico. Objetivo: conocer la etiología y las características de las infecciones bacterianas tanto a nivel comunitario como nosocomial en un grupo de pacientes que recibieron TR y TRP, y fueron asistidos en el Hospital de Clínicas entre noviembre de 1987 y noviembre de 2010. Material y método: estudio retrospectivo de la evolución de todos los pacientes con TR y TRP que ingresados al Hospital de Clínicas hayan presentado por lo menos un episodio infeccioso de etiología bacteriana, sea comunitaria o nosocomial. Se definió como microorganismo multirresistente (MO-MR) si se trató de un SAMR, EVR o un BGN resistente por lo menos a tres grupos de antimicrobianos. Resultados: en el período de estudio, 122 pacientes recibieron un TR o TRP (seis pacientes fueron trasplantados en un centro diferente al Hospital de Clínicas). De aquellos, 64 (52,5%) desarrollaron por lo menos un episodio de infección bacteriana; 34 de sexo femenino (53,1%), con una edad media de 37,7 ± 11,4 años. Treinta y nueve recibieron un TR (60,1%) y 25 (39,1%) un TRP. La mediana de seguimiento fue de cinco meses (P25 = 1, P75 = 25). Hubo 138 episodios de infección bacteriana (2,07 episodios/paciente), de los cuales 76 fueron comunitarias y 62 nosocomiales. El foco más fre-190 ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL

Multidisciplinary Journal for Education, Social and Technological Sciences, 2014

This paper aims to analyze and compare the accreditation systems of people applying to higher edu... more This paper aims to analyze and compare the accreditation systems of people applying to higher education professionals independently of the area of accreditation to which they belong. To do this, we will analyze five certification systems: Project Management Institute (PMI), Registration and Certification Center of People (CERPER), General Council of Industrial Engineering (COGITI), Association of Naval Architects and Ocean (COIN) and National Qualifications Authority (INCUAL) based on eleven indicators derived from the study of different sources of information. This comparative allows us to analyze and evidence the similarities and differences of existing accreditation systems of people.

Spanish Journal of Finance and Accounting / Revista Española de Financiación y Contabilidad, 2013

This paper analyzes how banking crises affect firms' debt structure (availability and maturity). ... more This paper analyzes how banking crises affect firms' debt structure (availability and maturity). The results show that banking crises reduce both the availability and the maturity of firms' debt in developing countries. The negative effect of banking crises on firms' debt structure is, moreover, greater in small firms and in firms with less growth opportunities. However, the higher the bank market concentration, the lower the negative effect of banking crises on firms' debt availability and maturity. This finding suggests that during banking crises there are benefits from concentrated banking systems that foster investment in the creation of close lending relationships. The results also show a reduction in the negative impact of banking crises in countries with stricter restrictions on nontraditional banking activities and stronger official supervisory power.

Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clínica Integrada, 2012

Methods: A descriptive questionnaire based cross-sectional study to assess socio-demographic char... more Methods: A descriptive questionnaire based cross-sectional study to assess socio-demographic characteristics of patients presenting to the Paediatric HIV clinic of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital over a 12 month period. A convenience sample was used. Only children confirmed to be HIV positive from results of Elisa tests were recruited into the study. Interviews and data acquisition were carried out by two of the authors OOO and CAA. The questionnaire was in three parts: Part A-socio-demographic background of parents; Part B-Data on child for information on birth history, birth weight, illnesses, hospitalizations and medications and Part C-clinical oral examination of the child. All relevant medical data was extracted from the hospital records. Information was recorded in the interviewer administered questionnaire. All paediatric patients attending the special pediatric clinics of the LUTH were eligible for the study. The data was entered, edited and analyzed using the Epi-Info 2002 statistical software for windows. Frequency distribution tables were generated for all categorical variables. Means and standard deviation were determined for interval ratio data. Data was validated by examining frequency tables generated. Level of significance was placed at p<0.05. Results: Majority of parents had below tertiary level of education; mothers, 72.7 % and fathers, 69.1 %. Seventy percent of the mothers were HIV positive thus mother to child transmission seems to be the most prevalent risk factor. Majority of the children, 68.1% were delivered at private hospitals and 78.2% through normal vagina delivery. History of previous hospitalizations reported in 58.2% with previous blood transfusion in 30.9%. Over one-third of the children, 40.0% weighed between 2.5 and 2.9kg at birth. Conclusion: The literacy level, poor socioeconomic background and parental HIV status were major contributory factors in the children studied. Targeted interventions on barriers to care and knowledge of HIV infection should be an integral part of the HIV prevention program.

Biomedical optics express, 2011

Knowledge of the existence of filaggrin (FLG) gene mutations might be helpful for a subclassifica... more Knowledge of the existence of filaggrin (FLG) gene mutations might be helpful for a subclassification of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) which can be used to introduce individualized treatments. In this work the filaggrin content in the skin is assessed using Raman spectroscopy and the results are compared to FLG genotyping of Mexican-mestizo patients. Results showed that the 2282del4 and R501X mutations present in the European population but absent in people of Asian or African descent are also present in the Mexican-mestizo population. The results also showed that patients with filaggrin gene mutations presented lower filaggrin concentrations measured using the vector correlation of their skin Raman spectra and a fixed spectrum of pure human recombinant filaggrin, these results indicate that Raman spectroscopy may be used as a noninvasive tool to detect FLG gene mutations.

Nefrología : publicación oficial de la Sociedad Española Nefrologia, 2012

Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 2013

Ventral spinal root avulsion causes complete denervation of muscles in the limb and also progress... more Ventral spinal root avulsion causes complete denervation of muscles in the limb and also progressive death of segmental motoneurons (MN) leading to permanent paralysis. The chances for functional recovery after ventral root avulsion are very poor owing to the loss of avulsed neurons and the long distance that surviving neurons have to re-grow axons from the spinal cord to the corresponding targets. Following unilateral avulsion of L4, L5 and L6 spinal roots in adult rats, we performed an intraspinal transplant of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and surgical re-implantation of the avulsed roots. Four weeks after avulsion the survival of MN in the MSC-treated animals was significantly higher than in vehicle-injected rats (45% vs. 28%). Re-implantation of the avulsed roots in the injured spinal cord allowed the regeneration of motor axons. By combining root re-implantation and MSC transplant the number of surviving MN at 28 days post-injury was higher (60%) than in re-implantation alone a...

Annals of medicine, Jan 10, 2014

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a specialized organ responsible for thermogenesis, a process requir... more Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a specialized organ responsible for thermogenesis, a process required for maintaining body temperature. BAT is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), which activates lipolysis and mitochondrial uncoupling in brown adipocytes. For many years, BAT was considered to be important only in small mammals and newborn humans, but recent data have shown that BAT is also functional in adult humans. On the basis of this evidence, extensive research has been focused on BAT function, where new molecules, such as irisin and bone morphogenetic proteins, particularly BMP7 and BMP8B, as well as novel central factors and new regulatory mechanisms, such as orexins and the canonical ventomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) AMP- activated protein kinase (AMPK)-SNS-BAT axis, have been discovered and emerged as potential drug targets to combat obesity. In this review we provide an overview of the complex central regulation of BAT and how different neuronal cel...

Salud Pública de México, 2000

Riesgo nutricional en pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar: ¿cuestión del paciente o de los servic... more Riesgo nutricional en pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar: ¿cuestión del paciente o de los servicios de salud? Salud Publica Mex 2000;42:126-132. Resumen Objetivo. Identificar factores de riesgo nutricional en pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar (TBP). Material y métodos. Se seleccionaron al azar 185 pacientes con TBP atendidos en dos instituciones de salud de Monterrey, Nuevo León, México, durante 1997. Se identificaron variables antropométricas, socioeconómicas, utilización del servicio de nutrición, accesibilidad a los alimentos, efectos secundarios de drogas antifímicas, y atribución de la enfermedad a la alimentación. El plan de análisis incluyó estadística descriptiva, análisis bivariado y multivariado de regresión logística múltiple, además se estimó razón de prevalencia e intervalos de confianza de 95%. Resultados. El promedio de edad fue de 42.4±19.9 años. La media de índice de masa corporal fue de 19.8±3.2 y se encontraban desnutridos 56.8% del total de los pacientes. El 26.4% de éstos fue enviado al servicio de nutrición y, únicamente, 24.3% lo utilizó. El análisis multivariado mostró como factores de riesgo para desnutrición a los efectos secundarios de las drogas antifímicas, independientemente de la edad, sexo, escolaridad, ocupación, tiempo de evolución, accesibilidad a los alimentos, atribución de la enfermedad al tipo de alimentación y utilización del servicio de nutrición (χ 2 =10.58; p=0.0515, r 2 =0.42). Conclusiones. El riesgo nutricional al que se en-Núñez-Rocha GM, Salinas-Martínez AM, Villarreal-Ríos E, Garza-Elizondo ME, González-Rodríguez F. Nutritional risk in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. A patient or a health services issue?

Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 2009

This paper analyzes the influence of bank efficiency and political economy variables on bank mark... more This paper analyzes the influence of bank efficiency and political economy variables on bank market structure (market share and market concentration) using a panel data of 2,592 banks from 69 countries over the 1996-2002 period. Results indicate that the validity of the efficiency-structure hypothesis to explain bank market structure varies across countries depending on national political economy variables. In particular, higher entry requirements, more generous deposit insurance and higher extent of government bank ownership reduce the positive influence of bank efficiency on market share and market concentration. However, tighter restrictions on bank activities, better quality of the contracting environment, more market monitoring, and more market orientation and development of the financial system increase the positive influence of bank efficiency on market share and market concentration.

Journal of Financial Stability, 2014

This paper analyzes the channels through which financial liberalization affects bank risktaking i... more This paper analyzes the channels through which financial liberalization affects bank risktaking in an international sample of 4,333 banks in 83 countries. Our results indicate that financial liberalization increases bank risk-taking in both developed and developing countries but through different channels. Financial liberalization promotes stronger bank competition that increases risk-taking incentives in developed countries, whereas in developing countries it increases bank risk by expanding opportunities to take risk. Capital requirements help reduce the negative impact of financial liberalization on financial stability in both developed and developing countries. However, official supervision and financial transparency are only effective in developing countries.

Journal of Corporate Finance, 2008

Journal of Banking & Finance, 2013

This paper analyzes whether the decline in economic growth that follows a banking crisis occurs b... more This paper analyzes whether the decline in economic growth that follows a banking crisis occurs because of a reduction in the amount of credit available (finance effect) or a worsening in the allocation of investable resources (asset allocation effect). We use a sample of more than 2,500 industrial firms in 18 developed and developing countries that experienced 19 systemic banking crises between 1989 and 2007. The results indicate that banking crises negatively affect firms' intangible investments, which intensifies the economic downturn. The negative growth effect produced by the worsening of the investment allocation is stronger in countries with highly developed financial systems and institutions.

Journal of Banking & Finance, 2008

This paper studies the determinants of income smoothing by management of loan-loss provisions in ... more This paper studies the determinants of income smoothing by management of loan-loss provisions in banks around the world. Using a panel database of 3,221 bank-year observations from 40 countries and controlling for unobservable bank effects and for the endogeneity of explanatory variables, we find that bank income smoothing depends on investor protection, disclosure, regulation and supervision, financial structure, and financial development. Results suggest there is less bank income smoothing not only with the strength of investor protection, but also with the extent of accounting disclosure, restrictions on bank activities, and official and private supervision, while there is more income smoothing with market orientation and development of a country's financial system.

Journal of Banking & Finance, 2012

This paper analyzes the effect of banking crises on market discipline in an international sample ... more This paper analyzes the effect of banking crises on market discipline in an international sample of banks. We also evaluate how bank regulation, supervision, institutions, and crisis intervention policies shape the effect of banking crises on market discipline. We control for unobservable bank, country, and time specific effects using a panel data set of banks from 66 countries around 79 banking crises. The results suggest that on average market discipline weakens after a banking crisis. This weakening is higher in countries where bank regulation, supervision, and institutions promoted market discipline before the banking crisis, and where a more accommodative approach is adopted to resolve it.

International Review of Law and Economics, 2010

This paper analyzes how the effect of bank concentration on economic growth varies across countri... more This paper analyzes how the effect of bank concentration on economic growth varies across countries depending on bank regulation, supervision, and institutions. Results for 84 countries over the 1980-2004 period indicate that bank concentration generally has a negative effect on economic growth, an effect that disappears in countries with poorerquality institutional environments. This result is consistent with the idea that bank concentration contributes more to the development of lending relationships with borrowers in countries where the poor quality of institutions impedes market development. Tighter restrictions on bank activities also reduce the negative influence of bank concentration on economic growth. More market monitoring, however, is associated with a stronger negative influence of bank concentration on economic growth.

International Review of Economics & Finance, 2014

This paper analyzes the effect of banking liberalization on debt structure in a sample of firms i... more This paper analyzes the effect of banking liberalization on debt structure in a sample of firms in 37 developed and developing countries. Banking liberalization increases on average debt availability and reduces its maturity. Debt availability increases in countries with stronger supervision and lower protection of creditor and property rights. The reduction in debt maturity is greater in developed countries. The effect of banking liberalization also varies across firm size. Small firms in developed countries and large firms in developing countries benefit least from banking liberalization.

Journal of clinical microbiology, 2006

In order to establish the transmission pathway for two outbreak patients affected by fulminant he... more In order to establish the transmission pathway for two outbreak patients affected by fulminant hepatitis B (FHB) following a shared period of hospitalization, we sequenced the complete genomes of the hepatitis B viruses (HBV) isolated from them as well as from the suspected common source and 11 additional controls. Phylogenetic and statistical analyses of these sequences revealed that the two FHB patients were indeed infected by a common source and that the fatal development of the disease did not appear to be associated with any mutation previously reported to be related to FHB. These data have also allowed us to estimate the extent and distribution of genetic variability along the genomes of HBV genotype D samples from the same source population. As a result of these analyses, we provide an improved statistical method to individualize the assignment of each suspected patient and the source of an outbreak and information on which genome region to analyze in the molecular epidemiolo...

Hepatology, 2009

We read with interest the article by N'Kontchou et al. 1 concerning hepatocellular carcinoma trea... more We read with interest the article by N'Kontchou et al. 1 concerning hepatocellular carcinoma treatment by radiofrequency ablation (RFA). They report an excellent series with impressive results in terms of both very low major complication and tract seeding rates as well as a considerable long-term survival. Their complete response rate is 94.7%. However, this was assessed by radiological methods (magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography) and not by pathological examination. As a result, the true response rate could be lower. Our modest experience with 30 hepatocellular carcinoma nodules treated by RFA before liver transplant was recently published. 2 We performed a pathological analysis of the explanted liver and found that only 14 nodules (46.7%) showed complete tumor destruction. In our study, the detection of RFA incomplete response by means of computed tomography scan had a 50% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The reported rates of complete pathological response in other works were variable but lower than those reported by N'Kontchou et al.: 20%, 3 34.2%, 4 37.5%, 5 46.7%, 6 55%, 7 70.3%, 8 and 75%. 9 In these studies, as in ours, pathological examination was performed using hematoxylin-eosin stains. Although RFA cannot be considered as a radical or curative treatment, and the ideal situation would be complete tumor destruction, partial destruction is probably enough to increase long-term survival and, especially, to avoid patient drop-out from liver transplant waiting lists.