Zbigniew Sawlowicz | Jagiellonian University (original) (raw)
Papers by Zbigniew Sawlowicz
Przegląd Geologiczny, Jun 3, 2024
Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego, 2017
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) produce magnetic minerals, magnetite (Fe_{3}O_{4}) and greigite (Fe_... more Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) produce magnetic minerals, magnetite (Fe_{3}O_{4}) and greigite (Fe_{3}S_{4}) in their cells. These magnetosome crystals form chains which allow bacterial cells to align with the Earth magnetic field. Magneto-aerotaxis allows bacteria to find optimal growth conditions in the water column. MTB species and their habitats are described, along with the description of minerals and the origin of magnetosomes. Fossil MTB are used to solve different geological problems they especially influence rock magnetism. Cultured magnetotactic bacteria and their nanominerals find more and more applications in many disciplines
Lava tubes and caves, when accessible for man, are very common in volcanic environments and poorl... more Lava tubes and caves, when accessible for man, are very common in volcanic environments and poorly known to non-specialists. This short overview presents the distribution and forms of lava tubes, their speleothems and mineralogy and modes of formation. Studies of lava caves outside of Earth currently are a topic of great interest, as they may be potential locations for some life forms and future bases in space exploration. Basic features of lava tubes are illustrated with reference to the longest lava cave in the world, Kazumura Cave, in Hawaii.
Ore Geology Reviews, 2013
Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy Section a Mining Technology, 1992
Framboids, spherical aggregates of minute, usually pyrite, grains are the commonest texture of su... more Framboids, spherical aggregates of minute, usually pyrite, grains are the commonest texture of sulfides in sedimentary rocks. They also occur in many other environments, ranging from magmatic rocks to antiquarian books. Framboidal textures are formed by several minerals including copper and zinc sulfides, greigite, magnetite, magnesioferrite or hematite, as the products of both primary deposition and replacement. Special attention is paid to pyrite framboids in this paper, with detailed descriptions of different framboid-related forms: annular framboids, sunflower framboids, micro- and polyframboids. Framboidal forms are often hierarchically structured over three size scales, with complexities ranging from microframboids, to framboids, and to polyframboids. Pyrite in framboids results from inorganic reactions between dissolved iron and sulfide, with a greigite intermediary. The sulfur is usually biogenic in origin. Simple pyrite framboids are formed during aggregation, possibly enhanced by the magnetic properties of the monosulfide precursor. Further processes, including particulation and organically controlled aggregation, result in more complicated forms such as polyframboids. Pyrite framboids can grow to euhedral grains provided the supply of iron and sulfide is not limited. Pyrite framboids often occur in close spatial relationship with organic matter, silica or carbonates, which influence their formation and growth. Replacement of iron sulfide framboid-related forms by other minerals can be indicative of sediment diagenetic conditions, or additional processes such as mineralization in ore deposits. Framboids influence the distribution of many trace elements. Due to their high specific surface areas, framboids can accumulate these trace elements during growth. Recrystallization of framboids can redistribute many trace elements. An overview of the common association between pyrite framboids and fossils is given, stressing both the importance of organic matter in framboid formation, and of the framboids in the processes of mineralization and preservation of fossils. Iron sulfide framboids may have influenced the earliest stages of life formation on the Earth as a source of energy and catalytic action, by accumulating organic compounds, and by acting as reaction chambers and templates which facilitated reproduction and information transfer. Applications from framboid studies are presented, ranging from determination of the redox conditions in water and sediment columns using size and distribution of framboids, to evaluation of deterioration processes in museum specimens.
Geologische Rundschau, 1993
Geological Quarterly, 2014
The trace fossil Trichichnus is proposed as an indicator of fossil bioelectric bacterial activity... more The trace fossil Trichichnus is proposed as an indicator of fossil bioelectric bacterial activity at the interface oxic—anoxic interface zone of marine sediments. This fulfils the idea that such processes, commonly found in the modern realm, should be also present in the geological past. Trichichnus is an exceptional trace fossil due to its very thin diameter (mostly less than 1 mm) and common pyritic filling. It is ubiquitous in some fine-grained sediments, where it has been interpreted as a burrow formed deeper than any other trace fossils, below the redox boundary. Trichichnus formerly referred to as deeply burrowed invertebrates, has been found as remnant of a fossilized intrasediment bacterial mat that is pyritized. As visualized in 3-D by means of X-ray computed microtomography scanner, Trichichnus forms dense filamentous fabric, which reflects that produced by modern large, mat-forming, sulphide-oxidizing bacteria, belonging mostly to Thioploca-related taxa, which are able to...
Springer Proceedings in Physics
The influence of mechanochemical (MChT) and ultrasonic (UST) treatment on the properties of CeO2–... more The influence of mechanochemical (MChT) and ultrasonic (UST) treatment on the properties of CeO2–MoO3 = 1:1 composition was studied. It was shown that in both processes changes in crystalline, porous structures, and morphology occurred. It was found that MChT and UST of samples affect the characteristics of hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR). The results of the catalytic activity of activated samples in an ethanol oxidation reaction demonstrate the high yield of acetic aldehyde (95%) at 230 °C and the productivity of this product (0.9 mol/kgcat · h).
Springer Proceedings in Physics
The influence of ultrasonic treatment (UST) of oxide CeO2-MoO3 system with atomic ratio Ce/Mo = 1... more The influence of ultrasonic treatment (UST) of oxide CeO2-MoO3 system with atomic ratio Ce/Mo = 15:85, 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25 on their properties was investigated. The prepared samples were characterized by means of XRD, ESR, N2 adsorption, FT-IR-spectroscopy, SEM, and TEM methods. The catalytic properties of the samples in selective ethanol oxidation to acetaldehyde and their adsorption capacity relation to dye removal from water solutions were studied. The decrease of oxides particles size with nanoparticles formation as result of CeO2 chaotic destruction and MoO3 anisotropic deformation was established. It was shown that UST leads to an increase of the composition-specific surface area, formation of structural defects, and strong interaction between oxides nanoparticles. The change of physicochemical properties of the compositions as result of their sonochemical treatment leads to increase their catalytic and adsorption properties. The samples obtained after UST demonstrate very promising results in oxidative dehydrogenation of ethanol to acetaldehyde, and the treated composition with ratio Ce/Mo = 50:50 permits to obtain the acetaldehyde yield equal to 96% at reaction temperature 200 °C. On the other hand, sample with Ce/Mo = 75:25 has high adsorption capacity in process of dye removal from water solution.
Springer Proceedings in Physics
The implants containing Al, Ni, Cr, Ti, Mo, and Zr based on stainless steel foil (SSF) were prepa... more The implants containing Al, Ni, Cr, Ti, Mo, and Zr based on stainless steel foil (SSF) were prepared by low-temperature implantation method with one- or two-element (step-by-step) deposition. The synthesized composites were studied by means of traditional XRD and XRD of thin films, SEM, AFM, and XPS methods. The temperature of the surface composites at their heating by electric current was established. The catalytic properties of the samples in hydrogen production from ethanol were determined in traditional catalytic reactor (with reaction mixture heating) and in reactor with catalyst heating by electric current only.
Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry
Mineralium Deposita, 1992
Corrosion
Metal fragments (pipe, chain, valves), at advanced stages of corrosion, were collected undergroun... more Metal fragments (pipe, chain, valves), at advanced stages of corrosion, were collected underground in the Wieliczka salt mine. Macroscopically distinct zones of corroded material, as well as black blisters on the surface of different metal fragments, were studied using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS). SEM-EDS studies showed various morphological forms with different chemical compositions. The original outer zone of the iron artifacts is mainly composed of aggregates of needle-shaped goethite crystals with idiomorphic crystals of halite. A subsequent zone, toward the inner margin, is composed mainly of fine granular aggregates of magnetite. Goethite (α-FeOOH) and akaganeite (β-FeOOH) form spherical, fibrous, and structureless aggregates in the next internal zone. Forms of aggregates seem to depend on the chloride content, 1 wt% to 3.5 wt...
Przegląd Geologiczny, Jun 3, 2024
Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego, 2017
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) produce magnetic minerals, magnetite (Fe_{3}O_{4}) and greigite (Fe_... more Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) produce magnetic minerals, magnetite (Fe_{3}O_{4}) and greigite (Fe_{3}S_{4}) in their cells. These magnetosome crystals form chains which allow bacterial cells to align with the Earth magnetic field. Magneto-aerotaxis allows bacteria to find optimal growth conditions in the water column. MTB species and their habitats are described, along with the description of minerals and the origin of magnetosomes. Fossil MTB are used to solve different geological problems they especially influence rock magnetism. Cultured magnetotactic bacteria and their nanominerals find more and more applications in many disciplines
Lava tubes and caves, when accessible for man, are very common in volcanic environments and poorl... more Lava tubes and caves, when accessible for man, are very common in volcanic environments and poorly known to non-specialists. This short overview presents the distribution and forms of lava tubes, their speleothems and mineralogy and modes of formation. Studies of lava caves outside of Earth currently are a topic of great interest, as they may be potential locations for some life forms and future bases in space exploration. Basic features of lava tubes are illustrated with reference to the longest lava cave in the world, Kazumura Cave, in Hawaii.
Ore Geology Reviews, 2013
Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy Section a Mining Technology, 1992
Framboids, spherical aggregates of minute, usually pyrite, grains are the commonest texture of su... more Framboids, spherical aggregates of minute, usually pyrite, grains are the commonest texture of sulfides in sedimentary rocks. They also occur in many other environments, ranging from magmatic rocks to antiquarian books. Framboidal textures are formed by several minerals including copper and zinc sulfides, greigite, magnetite, magnesioferrite or hematite, as the products of both primary deposition and replacement. Special attention is paid to pyrite framboids in this paper, with detailed descriptions of different framboid-related forms: annular framboids, sunflower framboids, micro- and polyframboids. Framboidal forms are often hierarchically structured over three size scales, with complexities ranging from microframboids, to framboids, and to polyframboids. Pyrite in framboids results from inorganic reactions between dissolved iron and sulfide, with a greigite intermediary. The sulfur is usually biogenic in origin. Simple pyrite framboids are formed during aggregation, possibly enhanced by the magnetic properties of the monosulfide precursor. Further processes, including particulation and organically controlled aggregation, result in more complicated forms such as polyframboids. Pyrite framboids can grow to euhedral grains provided the supply of iron and sulfide is not limited. Pyrite framboids often occur in close spatial relationship with organic matter, silica or carbonates, which influence their formation and growth. Replacement of iron sulfide framboid-related forms by other minerals can be indicative of sediment diagenetic conditions, or additional processes such as mineralization in ore deposits. Framboids influence the distribution of many trace elements. Due to their high specific surface areas, framboids can accumulate these trace elements during growth. Recrystallization of framboids can redistribute many trace elements. An overview of the common association between pyrite framboids and fossils is given, stressing both the importance of organic matter in framboid formation, and of the framboids in the processes of mineralization and preservation of fossils. Iron sulfide framboids may have influenced the earliest stages of life formation on the Earth as a source of energy and catalytic action, by accumulating organic compounds, and by acting as reaction chambers and templates which facilitated reproduction and information transfer. Applications from framboid studies are presented, ranging from determination of the redox conditions in water and sediment columns using size and distribution of framboids, to evaluation of deterioration processes in museum specimens.
Geologische Rundschau, 1993
Geological Quarterly, 2014
The trace fossil Trichichnus is proposed as an indicator of fossil bioelectric bacterial activity... more The trace fossil Trichichnus is proposed as an indicator of fossil bioelectric bacterial activity at the interface oxic—anoxic interface zone of marine sediments. This fulfils the idea that such processes, commonly found in the modern realm, should be also present in the geological past. Trichichnus is an exceptional trace fossil due to its very thin diameter (mostly less than 1 mm) and common pyritic filling. It is ubiquitous in some fine-grained sediments, where it has been interpreted as a burrow formed deeper than any other trace fossils, below the redox boundary. Trichichnus formerly referred to as deeply burrowed invertebrates, has been found as remnant of a fossilized intrasediment bacterial mat that is pyritized. As visualized in 3-D by means of X-ray computed microtomography scanner, Trichichnus forms dense filamentous fabric, which reflects that produced by modern large, mat-forming, sulphide-oxidizing bacteria, belonging mostly to Thioploca-related taxa, which are able to...
Springer Proceedings in Physics
The influence of mechanochemical (MChT) and ultrasonic (UST) treatment on the properties of CeO2–... more The influence of mechanochemical (MChT) and ultrasonic (UST) treatment on the properties of CeO2–MoO3 = 1:1 composition was studied. It was shown that in both processes changes in crystalline, porous structures, and morphology occurred. It was found that MChT and UST of samples affect the characteristics of hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR). The results of the catalytic activity of activated samples in an ethanol oxidation reaction demonstrate the high yield of acetic aldehyde (95%) at 230 °C and the productivity of this product (0.9 mol/kgcat · h).
Springer Proceedings in Physics
The influence of ultrasonic treatment (UST) of oxide CeO2-MoO3 system with atomic ratio Ce/Mo = 1... more The influence of ultrasonic treatment (UST) of oxide CeO2-MoO3 system with atomic ratio Ce/Mo = 15:85, 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25 on their properties was investigated. The prepared samples were characterized by means of XRD, ESR, N2 adsorption, FT-IR-spectroscopy, SEM, and TEM methods. The catalytic properties of the samples in selective ethanol oxidation to acetaldehyde and their adsorption capacity relation to dye removal from water solutions were studied. The decrease of oxides particles size with nanoparticles formation as result of CeO2 chaotic destruction and MoO3 anisotropic deformation was established. It was shown that UST leads to an increase of the composition-specific surface area, formation of structural defects, and strong interaction between oxides nanoparticles. The change of physicochemical properties of the compositions as result of their sonochemical treatment leads to increase their catalytic and adsorption properties. The samples obtained after UST demonstrate very promising results in oxidative dehydrogenation of ethanol to acetaldehyde, and the treated composition with ratio Ce/Mo = 50:50 permits to obtain the acetaldehyde yield equal to 96% at reaction temperature 200 °C. On the other hand, sample with Ce/Mo = 75:25 has high adsorption capacity in process of dye removal from water solution.
Springer Proceedings in Physics
The implants containing Al, Ni, Cr, Ti, Mo, and Zr based on stainless steel foil (SSF) were prepa... more The implants containing Al, Ni, Cr, Ti, Mo, and Zr based on stainless steel foil (SSF) were prepared by low-temperature implantation method with one- or two-element (step-by-step) deposition. The synthesized composites were studied by means of traditional XRD and XRD of thin films, SEM, AFM, and XPS methods. The temperature of the surface composites at their heating by electric current was established. The catalytic properties of the samples in hydrogen production from ethanol were determined in traditional catalytic reactor (with reaction mixture heating) and in reactor with catalyst heating by electric current only.
Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry
Mineralium Deposita, 1992
Corrosion
Metal fragments (pipe, chain, valves), at advanced stages of corrosion, were collected undergroun... more Metal fragments (pipe, chain, valves), at advanced stages of corrosion, were collected underground in the Wieliczka salt mine. Macroscopically distinct zones of corroded material, as well as black blisters on the surface of different metal fragments, were studied using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS). SEM-EDS studies showed various morphological forms with different chemical compositions. The original outer zone of the iron artifacts is mainly composed of aggregates of needle-shaped goethite crystals with idiomorphic crystals of halite. A subsequent zone, toward the inner margin, is composed mainly of fine granular aggregates of magnetite. Goethite (α-FeOOH) and akaganeite (β-FeOOH) form spherical, fibrous, and structureless aggregates in the next internal zone. Forms of aggregates seem to depend on the chloride content, 1 wt% to 3.5 wt...