Dr. Shikha Kapur | Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi (original) (raw)

Papers by Dr. Shikha Kapur

International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Systems, 2016

Atithi Devo Bhavah is the adage used by the India tourism to lure millions of Tourists from acros... more Atithi Devo Bhavah is the adage used by the India tourism to lure millions of Tourists from across the globe. Indian villages are unique socio-cultural spaces that vary from one after another but are intertwined on the ethos of this great tradition. Rural Tourism takes place in non-urban settings usually in countryside, offering an elixir to counter tension and "urbanization" syndrome to the weary, stressed out tourists from both within as well as foreign countries to help them relax and rediscover their roots. Since nearly 70% of the India's population is living in rural areas, it is expected to benefit the local rural communities economically through various opportunities for rural enterprises, income generation and employment. It helps in nurturing rural arts and crafts, rural infrastructure development while simultaneously preserving environment and cultural heritage.

Indian Journal of Adult Education, Jun 30, 2015

Indian Adult Education Association has published two books-Adult and Lifelong Learning: Selected ... more Indian Adult Education Association has published two books-Adult and Lifelong Learning: Selected Articles (Edited by Dr.V.Mohankumar) and Skilling India: Initiatives and Outcomes (Authored byV.Mohankumar and B.Sanjay). Both the books are for sales and price is Rs.300/-per copy. The discount given is 20% and hence, each book costs Rs.240/-only.

Atithi Devo Bhavah meaning 'The Guest is equivalent to God' is the adage used by ... more Atithi Devo Bhavah meaning 'The Guest is equivalent to God' is the adage used by the Indian Tourism to lure millions of Tourists from across the globe. India a land of diversities, is a haven for tourists from around the world. The Indian Tourism Industry has grown so phenomenally that it outperformed even the manufacturing, financial services and retail sectors. Today it is ranked at 38 th position in terms of foreign tourists' arrival and among top 3 medical tourism destinations in Asia. Nearly 70 per cent of the country's population lives in rural India. About 55-60 per cent of our population is farm-dependent implying more than half of the workforce produces just a seventh of the GDP and nearly two-third of India subsists on it. So there is a clear cut rural-urban divide and the rural India emerges as laggard in terms of development. Rural Tourism is an important type of tourism besides adventure tourism, cultural tourism, eco and sustainable tourism, pilgrimage tourism, wellness tourism and wildlife tourism. Rural tourism is gaining popularity both amongst tourists as well as the rural people. Rural Tourism takes place in countryside, in non-urban situation, offering opportunity to the stressed out tourists from urban areas/metros and foreign countries to be back in the lap of nature, to relax and rediscover their roots. The first hand experiences of simple rural life, steeped in traditional culture, unpolluted and natural environment revives the tourists! Rural tourism benefits the local rural communities economically through opportunities for rural enterprises, income generation and employment in their local areas without undertaking migration. Environmentally it conserves ecosystems and biodiversities and culturally it provides impetus to the development of rural arts and crafts, investment for infrastructure development while simultaneously preserving environment and heritage. The untapped potential of rural tourism has to be explored and used systematically for rural development and upliftment of the rural masses.

Jamia Journal of Education, An International Biannual Publication, Nov 30, 2015

ABSTRACT Learning is a continuous, ongoing and a lifelong process. It is perhaps the fundamental ... more ABSTRACT Learning is a continuous, ongoing and a lifelong process. It is perhaps the fundamental process for survival and adaptation of human beings to both internal as well the external environment. Learning is most effective when geared to the physical and intellectual ability of the learner. Each learner has individual learning needs and it is important for the teachers/facilitators to know their learners well. The principles of pedagogy applicable to a child learner do not apply to adult learners. The adult learner cannot be treated as an oversized child learner. Hence the teachers/facilitators of adult learners prior to conceiving, designing or implementing learning programs have to first understand the characteristics of the adult learners. Adult learner (mature student) is a term used to describe any person socially accepted as an adult who is involved in a systematic learning process, be it formal or non formal or informal. This process maybe self-mentored or corporate-sponsored; where learning may be undertaken as fulltime or a part time learner. Adult learners comprise of a diverse groups of people belonging to different genders, caste, class, religion, region, majority or minority groups, creed, race, ethnicity varying from each other in their needs, problems, requirements, attitudes and outlook towards life. Unlike a child learner the adult learner is autonomous and comes voluntarily to the learning situation. Since the adult learners are very clear about the results they anticipate from the learning process they may drop out of learning activities if their expectations aren’t met. Adult learners have a vast wealth of knowledge acquired by controlling their environment and experiences of life. Their opinions, values and beliefs are their defining characteristics which they bring to the learning situations. The teachers/facilitators in order not to hurt the self-image of adult learners have to treat them with utmost respect and equality. Any learning process construed for the adult learners has to be geared to meet the needs of the adult learners. The motivation to continue to learn for adults comes intrinsically unlike children and hence learning should be goal and relevancy-oriented, practical, using purposeful activities. And not to forget that the adult learners usually carry a big bag of burden in form of commitments and responsibilities in their professional, personal, social life and the advancing age may add to their potential physical limitations. Hence the teachers /facilitators for learning to be successful have to be alert and sensitive to the needs and characteristics of their adult learners.

International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Systems, 2016

Atithi Devo Bhavah is the adage used by the India tourism to lure millions of Tourists from acros... more Atithi Devo Bhavah is the adage used by the India tourism to lure millions of Tourists from across the globe. Indian villages are unique socio-cultural spaces that vary from one after another but are intertwined on the ethos of this great tradition. Rural Tourism takes place in non-urban settings usually in countryside, offering an elixir to counter tension and "urbanization" syndrome to the weary, stressed out tourists from both within as well as foreign countries to help them relax and rediscover their roots. Since nearly 70% of the India's population is living in rural areas, it is expected to benefit the local rural communities economically through various opportunities for rural enterprises, income generation and employment. It helps in nurturing rural arts and crafts, rural infrastructure development while simultaneously preserving environment and cultural heritage.

Jamia Journal of Education- Peer Reviewed Refereed Biannual Publication, ISSN 2348-3490, 2018

Since human evolution, man has lived and moved about in groups and societies. An Inclusive societ... more Since human evolution, man has lived and moved about in groups and societies. An Inclusive society is “a society for all” that leads to equitable and just development of every section of the society without excluding any one. India is pluralistic society that promotes religious tolerance and accepts cultural diversities. The largest religious minority in India is the Muslim. The other minorities are the Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jain and Parsis. Muslim form the major chunk of minorities. Unfortunately, the largest minority in India shows the greatest socio-economic educational lag. The Paper Minority Education: Road Map to Inclusive Society examines the current status and conditions of Muslims in India. It thereafter delineates that for an inclusive society it becomes pertinent that the whole nation including its minorities be given equality of opportunity and access to public-funded education at school and university levels. The Article 30(1) of the Constitution gives “all religious and linguistic minorities the right to set up and run educational institutions”. Hence for this it is essential to create public funded institutes and minority institutes including schools, colleges and universities. These Institutes are relevant for the educational upliftment of the Muslim community as they enable them to protect their language, script and culture promoting wholesome, holistic growth of India as nation.

ePG Pathshala, MHRD, Government of India, 2018

Man’s eternal thirst for knowing about new thing has enabled him to accumulate, through ages, a v... more Man’s eternal thirst for knowing about new thing has enabled him to accumulate, through ages, a vast sea of knowledge. Knowledge seeking is basically a pleasurable phenomenon for him. If it is not there, there must be something wrong with the knowledge imparting process or the milieu in which he is put to learn. Hence, it is for the teacher to impart knowledge in such a way that it becomes a pleasure-giving phenomenon rather than a burden. In the case of adult learners this question attains
greater significance. Adult learner is a mature student who is acquiring new knowledge and skills, developing new attitudes after having reached mature intellectual, physical and social development (Kapur, 2015). Adult learners shoulder many difficulties unlike the younger student learners. Being part of the learning can be actually challenging for them. Under these circumstances, teaching-learning should be carried out in an effortless manner. The teaching learning environment has to be lively and cuts out the use of monotonous techniques and instructional
devices.

At the end of every teaching- learning process there are certain learning objectives that have to be achieved. To accomplish this well the teacher or the facilitator uses different types of teaching techniques and methods, materials, devices and strategies. If the teacher uses only verbalism as in lecture method, it will not lead to effective learning.
Moreover research done by Cobun (1968) shows that while learning, we remember 10 % of what we read, 20 % of what we hear, 30 % of what we see, 50 % of what we hear and see, 70 % of what we say, 90 % of what we say and do. Therefore it is essential that for effective teaching learning the learning experiences have to filter in through multiple sensory avenues or sensory gateways viz. through – eyes (see), ears (hear),
nose (smell), tongue (taste), skin (touch). Messages coming in through multiple sensory channels are understood and retained better. Teaching Aids are the tools available to the teachers to provide multiple sensory experiences and to carry out teaching- learning process effectively and efficiently. Carmona and Fransisco (2006) confirm that it is necessary to integrate teaching aids in order to facilitate the teaching process.

There are a large number of teaching aids available to the
teacher/facilitator. This module will focus on what is the need and importance Teaching Aids and closely examine various types of Non-conventional and Modern Teaching Aids.

Jamia Journal of Education, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, Nov 30, 2016

We are part of information-society today. In technology-driven societies it is imperative that in... more We are part of information-society today. In technology-driven societies it is imperative that information-exchange between the sender and receiver occurs quickly There is a fast interchange and exchange of ideas, information and innovations. ICTs have been the very basis for human existence since times immemorial and have driven man to seek ways of processing information and communicating. Andragogy on the other hand is the art and science of helping adults to learn. Andragogy explains how adults learn. Andragogy also includes adult-literacy/ adult basic-education. It is important in the process of curriculum-designing for adults especially while using ICTs, e-learning, online-learning, that the content-developers translate the andragogical aspects into the ICT medium. The 2011 Census of India revealed that in the last decade the overall Literacy-rate increased to 74.04%, where the male literacy-rate is at 82.14%, while the female literacy-rate was at 65.46%. This Paper critically examines use of ICTs in Adult Literacy, delving into some of the important experiments carried for Adult Literacy using ICTs and what and how they have impacted the adult literacy in India.

Jamia Journal of Education, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, Mar 31, 2017

Education is an all-encompassing process that facilitates learning and equipping learners with kn... more Education is an all-encompassing process that facilitates learning and equipping learners with
knowledge and confidence, instilling values, changing attitudes and behaviours so that they become
well-adjusted individuals that contribute to the transformation of society. India has made tremendous
progress in the arena of Science, technology, food security and now features amongst the fastest
growing economies of the world! Inspite of mind boggling achievements since the past 70 years of
India’s independence, it still lags in the education sector as India continues to have the world’s
largest population of illiterates. Though Education is the keystone to nation building but a miniscule
budgetary allocation made to Education (3.85% of the GDP) and only 1.25% allocation to Higher
education speaks otherwise. In 2015 University Grants Commission (UGC) the premier policyframing,
decision-making and funding agency for Universities and Institutions of higher learning in
India implemented the Choice Based Credit System (CBCS). This reform was brought to bring
flexibility in higher education, permit seamless global mobility to students and enabling them pursue
subjects/courses of their choice from interdisciplinary, intra-disciplinary and skill-based courses.
This would lead our education-system to matchup with international educational pattern. Although
CBCS is touted as ‘cornerstone to flexibility in Higher Education in India’ by UGC, the Educational
Planners, Policy Makers, Academicians, University Teachers, Students’ Bodies from all over India
have raised a number of issues, questions and concerns regarding the agenda behind the
implementation of CBCS. The far reaching ramifications of these reforms have to be examined
seriously, their implications determined and thorough researches conducted to find its essentiality
and that it is not just an anti-thesis of the very idea of a University.

International Journal of Tourism and Travel, ISSN: 0974-2603, Nov 30, 2016

Atithi Devo Bhavah is the adage used by the India tourism to lure millions of Tourists from acros... more Atithi Devo Bhavah is the adage used by the India tourism to lure millions of Tourists from across the globe. Indian villages are unique socio-cultural spaces that vary from one after another but are intertwined on the ethos of this great tradition. Rural Tourism takes place in non-urban settings usually in countryside, offering an elixir to counter tension and " urbanization " syndrome to the weary, stressed out tourists from both within as well as foreign countries to help them relax and rediscover their roots. Since nearly 70% of the India's population is living in rural areas, it is expected to benefit the local rural communities economically through various opportunities for rural enterprises, income generation and employment. It helps in nurturing rural arts and crafts, rural infrastructure development while simultaneously preserving environment and cultural heritage.

Proceedings of the International Conference and Exhibition on Building Utilities 2016, Dec 1, 2016

Universities and Institutes of higher learning are large repositories of knowledge, manpower and ... more Universities and Institutes of higher learning are large repositories of knowledge, manpower and physical resources. They cannot function and exist in isolation of the society and communities where they are located. They have an obligation to cater to the overall and diverse learning needs of the segments of the neighboring people and communities. If the University system has to discharge its social obligations and duties adequately it must embrace extension as the third important dimension and give it the same status as teaching and research. Extension is a new and extremely significant area. It caters to the community and overall and diverse learning needs of all the segments of the people of the community while generating new knowledge simultaneously. Once new body of knowledge is generated or innovations made, there usually exists a ‘gap’ between the existing knowledge of the client and the new knowledge available. Extension ‘bridges’ the gap in knowledge bringing desirable planned change in the behavior complex of the people with a view to help them live better by learning new /or improving existing vocations and enterprises. The Kothari Commission the India Education Commission in 1964 comprehensively examined and reviewed the entire educational system and emphasized ‘Extension as the third dimension of higher education’. It introduced the trinity of Teaching, Research & Extension in higher education. This was necessitated by the fact that the education has to be made relevant to real life situations, so that the learners cannot be alienated from the society, and they develop a sense of responsibility towards society.

Indian Cooperative Review, Oct 31, 2015

Kibbutz a unique voluntary democratic community in Israel was organized in the beginning of the 2... more Kibbutz a unique voluntary democratic community in Israel was organized in the beginning of the 20th Century. It was a collective farm settlement where socialistic sharing of work and wealth and communal rearing of children took place under one roof. The aim of Kibbutz was to generate an economically and socially independent society founded on the principles of communal ownership of property, social justice and equality. The contribution of Kibbutzim in bringing agricultural innovations and advancements in irrigation is unparalleled. It has shown the world how a social cooperative i.e. collective ownership, self-employment, equality and cooperation in production, consumption and education can make a dream of “making desert bloom” a reality.

Jamia Journal of Education, An International Biannual Publication, Nov 30, 2015

ABSTRACT Learning is a continuous, ongoing and a lifelong process. It is perhaps the fundamental ... more ABSTRACT
Learning is a continuous, ongoing and a lifelong process. It is perhaps the fundamental process for survival and adaptation of human beings to both internal as well the external environment. Learning is most effective when geared to the physical and intellectual ability of the learner. Each learner has individual learning needs and it is important for the teachers/facilitators to know their learners well. The principles of pedagogy applicable to a child learner do not apply to adult learners. The adult learner cannot be treated as an oversized child learner. Hence the teachers/facilitators of adult learners prior to conceiving, designing or implementing learning programs have to first understand the characteristics of the adult learners.
Adult learner (mature student) is a term used to describe any person socially accepted as an adult who is involved in a systematic learning process, be it formal or non formal or informal. This process maybe self-mentored or corporate-sponsored; where learning may be undertaken as fulltime or a part time learner. Adult learners comprise of a diverse groups of people belonging to different genders, caste, class, religion, region, majority or minority groups, creed, race, ethnicity varying from each other in their needs, problems, requirements, attitudes and outlook towards life. Unlike a child learner the adult learner is autonomous and comes voluntarily to the learning situation. Since the adult learners are very clear about the results they anticipate from the learning process they may drop out of learning activities if their expectations aren’t met.
Adult learners have a vast wealth of knowledge acquired by controlling their environment and experiences of life. Their opinions, values and beliefs are their defining characteristics which they bring to the learning situations. The teachers/facilitators in order not to hurt the self-image of adult learners have to treat them with utmost respect and equality. Any learning process construed for the adult learners has to be geared to meet the needs of the adult learners. The motivation to continue to learn for adults comes intrinsically unlike children and hence learning should be goal and relevancy-oriented, practical, using purposeful activities.
And not to forget that the adult learners usually carry a big bag of burden in form of commitments and responsibilities in their professional, personal, social life and the advancing age may add to their potential physical limitations. Hence the teachers /facilitators for learning to be successful have to be alert and sensitive to the needs and characteristics of their adult learners.

Indian Journal of Adult Education, Jun 30, 2015

The fundamental process that facilitates the survival and adaptation of human beings is ‘learning... more The fundamental process that facilitates the survival and adaptation of human beings is ‘learning’. Each learner has their individual learning needs. Since an adult learner is not an oversized child learner, therefore researches of child learning and pedagogical principles cannot explain theories of adult learning. Adult Learners have their own distinct and unique characteristics. They are mature, independent, possess wealth of knowledge and experiences. Hence there have to be theories of adult learning. American educator Malcolm Shepherd Knowles ‘founding father of adult learning’ worked extensively on Andragogy-the theory of adult learning and is credited to making Andragogy synonymous to adult education. Knowles Andragogical theory of adult learning clearly brings out the distinction between the adult and the child learner. Adult learning (andragogy) is 'education of equals' (facilitator and learner) as opposed to child learning (pedagogy) 'education from above' (teacher and student). The Article explores the distinction between Andragogy & Pedagogy, various andragogical assumptions, principles of adult learning and components of andragogical process design that encompass the Theory of Adult Learning.

Check the Link below for the Paper (Pages 50-60)
http://www.iaea-india.org/ijae-aj2015.pdf

Horizons of Holistic Education, Sep 15, 2015

ABSTRACT This article examines the important transitory stage in human life i.e. adolescence- a l... more ABSTRACT
This article examines the important transitory stage in human life i.e. adolescence- a life
stage, that lies between childhood and adulthood. Beginning around 10, 11 or 12 years, adolescence concludes between 18-21 years of age. It is a stage, when complete
metamorphosis takes place and is akin to a butterfly emerging from its cocoon which in its
former stage is a caterpillar! The speed of adolescent changes varies among cultures and
societies since they are contingent on the processes of socialization, training and education.
Key developmental milestones are achieved during adolescence and in order to understand
adolescents it is important to understand their physical, cognitive, psychological, socialemotional,
moral, educational and vocational development and the ensuing changes. Sex
differences exist between boys and girls when we examine all these factors. The end of this
tumultuous period entails physical and sexual maturation, social and economic
independence, development of identity, acquisition of skills needed to carry out adult
relationships and roles, and the capacity for abstract reasoning. Parents, teachers, peers
and the significant others in the adolescent’s environment have to be supportive and
empathetic of the turmoil that they go through to enable a smooth well adjusted transition
into adulthood.
Keywords: adolescence, adolescents, human development, child development, child,
childhood, adulthood, cognitive, social, emotional, moral, development, vocational, late maturer, early maturer, transition.

Link: http://www.hhecu.org/Home/Issuedetails?t=ReL4FRYircqCfLTnsEw%252fpw%253d%253d

International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Systems, 2016

Atithi Devo Bhavah is the adage used by the India tourism to lure millions of Tourists from acros... more Atithi Devo Bhavah is the adage used by the India tourism to lure millions of Tourists from across the globe. Indian villages are unique socio-cultural spaces that vary from one after another but are intertwined on the ethos of this great tradition. Rural Tourism takes place in non-urban settings usually in countryside, offering an elixir to counter tension and "urbanization" syndrome to the weary, stressed out tourists from both within as well as foreign countries to help them relax and rediscover their roots. Since nearly 70% of the India's population is living in rural areas, it is expected to benefit the local rural communities economically through various opportunities for rural enterprises, income generation and employment. It helps in nurturing rural arts and crafts, rural infrastructure development while simultaneously preserving environment and cultural heritage.

Indian Journal of Adult Education, Jun 30, 2015

Indian Adult Education Association has published two books-Adult and Lifelong Learning: Selected ... more Indian Adult Education Association has published two books-Adult and Lifelong Learning: Selected Articles (Edited by Dr.V.Mohankumar) and Skilling India: Initiatives and Outcomes (Authored byV.Mohankumar and B.Sanjay). Both the books are for sales and price is Rs.300/-per copy. The discount given is 20% and hence, each book costs Rs.240/-only.

Atithi Devo Bhavah meaning 'The Guest is equivalent to God' is the adage used by ... more Atithi Devo Bhavah meaning 'The Guest is equivalent to God' is the adage used by the Indian Tourism to lure millions of Tourists from across the globe. India a land of diversities, is a haven for tourists from around the world. The Indian Tourism Industry has grown so phenomenally that it outperformed even the manufacturing, financial services and retail sectors. Today it is ranked at 38 th position in terms of foreign tourists' arrival and among top 3 medical tourism destinations in Asia. Nearly 70 per cent of the country's population lives in rural India. About 55-60 per cent of our population is farm-dependent implying more than half of the workforce produces just a seventh of the GDP and nearly two-third of India subsists on it. So there is a clear cut rural-urban divide and the rural India emerges as laggard in terms of development. Rural Tourism is an important type of tourism besides adventure tourism, cultural tourism, eco and sustainable tourism, pilgrimage tourism, wellness tourism and wildlife tourism. Rural tourism is gaining popularity both amongst tourists as well as the rural people. Rural Tourism takes place in countryside, in non-urban situation, offering opportunity to the stressed out tourists from urban areas/metros and foreign countries to be back in the lap of nature, to relax and rediscover their roots. The first hand experiences of simple rural life, steeped in traditional culture, unpolluted and natural environment revives the tourists! Rural tourism benefits the local rural communities economically through opportunities for rural enterprises, income generation and employment in their local areas without undertaking migration. Environmentally it conserves ecosystems and biodiversities and culturally it provides impetus to the development of rural arts and crafts, investment for infrastructure development while simultaneously preserving environment and heritage. The untapped potential of rural tourism has to be explored and used systematically for rural development and upliftment of the rural masses.

Jamia Journal of Education, An International Biannual Publication, Nov 30, 2015

ABSTRACT Learning is a continuous, ongoing and a lifelong process. It is perhaps the fundamental ... more ABSTRACT Learning is a continuous, ongoing and a lifelong process. It is perhaps the fundamental process for survival and adaptation of human beings to both internal as well the external environment. Learning is most effective when geared to the physical and intellectual ability of the learner. Each learner has individual learning needs and it is important for the teachers/facilitators to know their learners well. The principles of pedagogy applicable to a child learner do not apply to adult learners. The adult learner cannot be treated as an oversized child learner. Hence the teachers/facilitators of adult learners prior to conceiving, designing or implementing learning programs have to first understand the characteristics of the adult learners. Adult learner (mature student) is a term used to describe any person socially accepted as an adult who is involved in a systematic learning process, be it formal or non formal or informal. This process maybe self-mentored or corporate-sponsored; where learning may be undertaken as fulltime or a part time learner. Adult learners comprise of a diverse groups of people belonging to different genders, caste, class, religion, region, majority or minority groups, creed, race, ethnicity varying from each other in their needs, problems, requirements, attitudes and outlook towards life. Unlike a child learner the adult learner is autonomous and comes voluntarily to the learning situation. Since the adult learners are very clear about the results they anticipate from the learning process they may drop out of learning activities if their expectations aren’t met. Adult learners have a vast wealth of knowledge acquired by controlling their environment and experiences of life. Their opinions, values and beliefs are their defining characteristics which they bring to the learning situations. The teachers/facilitators in order not to hurt the self-image of adult learners have to treat them with utmost respect and equality. Any learning process construed for the adult learners has to be geared to meet the needs of the adult learners. The motivation to continue to learn for adults comes intrinsically unlike children and hence learning should be goal and relevancy-oriented, practical, using purposeful activities. And not to forget that the adult learners usually carry a big bag of burden in form of commitments and responsibilities in their professional, personal, social life and the advancing age may add to their potential physical limitations. Hence the teachers /facilitators for learning to be successful have to be alert and sensitive to the needs and characteristics of their adult learners.

International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Systems, 2016

Atithi Devo Bhavah is the adage used by the India tourism to lure millions of Tourists from acros... more Atithi Devo Bhavah is the adage used by the India tourism to lure millions of Tourists from across the globe. Indian villages are unique socio-cultural spaces that vary from one after another but are intertwined on the ethos of this great tradition. Rural Tourism takes place in non-urban settings usually in countryside, offering an elixir to counter tension and "urbanization" syndrome to the weary, stressed out tourists from both within as well as foreign countries to help them relax and rediscover their roots. Since nearly 70% of the India's population is living in rural areas, it is expected to benefit the local rural communities economically through various opportunities for rural enterprises, income generation and employment. It helps in nurturing rural arts and crafts, rural infrastructure development while simultaneously preserving environment and cultural heritage.

Jamia Journal of Education- Peer Reviewed Refereed Biannual Publication, ISSN 2348-3490, 2018

Since human evolution, man has lived and moved about in groups and societies. An Inclusive societ... more Since human evolution, man has lived and moved about in groups and societies. An Inclusive society is “a society for all” that leads to equitable and just development of every section of the society without excluding any one. India is pluralistic society that promotes religious tolerance and accepts cultural diversities. The largest religious minority in India is the Muslim. The other minorities are the Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jain and Parsis. Muslim form the major chunk of minorities. Unfortunately, the largest minority in India shows the greatest socio-economic educational lag. The Paper Minority Education: Road Map to Inclusive Society examines the current status and conditions of Muslims in India. It thereafter delineates that for an inclusive society it becomes pertinent that the whole nation including its minorities be given equality of opportunity and access to public-funded education at school and university levels. The Article 30(1) of the Constitution gives “all religious and linguistic minorities the right to set up and run educational institutions”. Hence for this it is essential to create public funded institutes and minority institutes including schools, colleges and universities. These Institutes are relevant for the educational upliftment of the Muslim community as they enable them to protect their language, script and culture promoting wholesome, holistic growth of India as nation.

ePG Pathshala, MHRD, Government of India, 2018

Man’s eternal thirst for knowing about new thing has enabled him to accumulate, through ages, a v... more Man’s eternal thirst for knowing about new thing has enabled him to accumulate, through ages, a vast sea of knowledge. Knowledge seeking is basically a pleasurable phenomenon for him. If it is not there, there must be something wrong with the knowledge imparting process or the milieu in which he is put to learn. Hence, it is for the teacher to impart knowledge in such a way that it becomes a pleasure-giving phenomenon rather than a burden. In the case of adult learners this question attains
greater significance. Adult learner is a mature student who is acquiring new knowledge and skills, developing new attitudes after having reached mature intellectual, physical and social development (Kapur, 2015). Adult learners shoulder many difficulties unlike the younger student learners. Being part of the learning can be actually challenging for them. Under these circumstances, teaching-learning should be carried out in an effortless manner. The teaching learning environment has to be lively and cuts out the use of monotonous techniques and instructional
devices.

At the end of every teaching- learning process there are certain learning objectives that have to be achieved. To accomplish this well the teacher or the facilitator uses different types of teaching techniques and methods, materials, devices and strategies. If the teacher uses only verbalism as in lecture method, it will not lead to effective learning.
Moreover research done by Cobun (1968) shows that while learning, we remember 10 % of what we read, 20 % of what we hear, 30 % of what we see, 50 % of what we hear and see, 70 % of what we say, 90 % of what we say and do. Therefore it is essential that for effective teaching learning the learning experiences have to filter in through multiple sensory avenues or sensory gateways viz. through – eyes (see), ears (hear),
nose (smell), tongue (taste), skin (touch). Messages coming in through multiple sensory channels are understood and retained better. Teaching Aids are the tools available to the teachers to provide multiple sensory experiences and to carry out teaching- learning process effectively and efficiently. Carmona and Fransisco (2006) confirm that it is necessary to integrate teaching aids in order to facilitate the teaching process.

There are a large number of teaching aids available to the
teacher/facilitator. This module will focus on what is the need and importance Teaching Aids and closely examine various types of Non-conventional and Modern Teaching Aids.

Jamia Journal of Education, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, Nov 30, 2016

We are part of information-society today. In technology-driven societies it is imperative that in... more We are part of information-society today. In technology-driven societies it is imperative that information-exchange between the sender and receiver occurs quickly There is a fast interchange and exchange of ideas, information and innovations. ICTs have been the very basis for human existence since times immemorial and have driven man to seek ways of processing information and communicating. Andragogy on the other hand is the art and science of helping adults to learn. Andragogy explains how adults learn. Andragogy also includes adult-literacy/ adult basic-education. It is important in the process of curriculum-designing for adults especially while using ICTs, e-learning, online-learning, that the content-developers translate the andragogical aspects into the ICT medium. The 2011 Census of India revealed that in the last decade the overall Literacy-rate increased to 74.04%, where the male literacy-rate is at 82.14%, while the female literacy-rate was at 65.46%. This Paper critically examines use of ICTs in Adult Literacy, delving into some of the important experiments carried for Adult Literacy using ICTs and what and how they have impacted the adult literacy in India.

Jamia Journal of Education, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, Mar 31, 2017

Education is an all-encompassing process that facilitates learning and equipping learners with kn... more Education is an all-encompassing process that facilitates learning and equipping learners with
knowledge and confidence, instilling values, changing attitudes and behaviours so that they become
well-adjusted individuals that contribute to the transformation of society. India has made tremendous
progress in the arena of Science, technology, food security and now features amongst the fastest
growing economies of the world! Inspite of mind boggling achievements since the past 70 years of
India’s independence, it still lags in the education sector as India continues to have the world’s
largest population of illiterates. Though Education is the keystone to nation building but a miniscule
budgetary allocation made to Education (3.85% of the GDP) and only 1.25% allocation to Higher
education speaks otherwise. In 2015 University Grants Commission (UGC) the premier policyframing,
decision-making and funding agency for Universities and Institutions of higher learning in
India implemented the Choice Based Credit System (CBCS). This reform was brought to bring
flexibility in higher education, permit seamless global mobility to students and enabling them pursue
subjects/courses of their choice from interdisciplinary, intra-disciplinary and skill-based courses.
This would lead our education-system to matchup with international educational pattern. Although
CBCS is touted as ‘cornerstone to flexibility in Higher Education in India’ by UGC, the Educational
Planners, Policy Makers, Academicians, University Teachers, Students’ Bodies from all over India
have raised a number of issues, questions and concerns regarding the agenda behind the
implementation of CBCS. The far reaching ramifications of these reforms have to be examined
seriously, their implications determined and thorough researches conducted to find its essentiality
and that it is not just an anti-thesis of the very idea of a University.

International Journal of Tourism and Travel, ISSN: 0974-2603, Nov 30, 2016

Atithi Devo Bhavah is the adage used by the India tourism to lure millions of Tourists from acros... more Atithi Devo Bhavah is the adage used by the India tourism to lure millions of Tourists from across the globe. Indian villages are unique socio-cultural spaces that vary from one after another but are intertwined on the ethos of this great tradition. Rural Tourism takes place in non-urban settings usually in countryside, offering an elixir to counter tension and " urbanization " syndrome to the weary, stressed out tourists from both within as well as foreign countries to help them relax and rediscover their roots. Since nearly 70% of the India's population is living in rural areas, it is expected to benefit the local rural communities economically through various opportunities for rural enterprises, income generation and employment. It helps in nurturing rural arts and crafts, rural infrastructure development while simultaneously preserving environment and cultural heritage.

Proceedings of the International Conference and Exhibition on Building Utilities 2016, Dec 1, 2016

Universities and Institutes of higher learning are large repositories of knowledge, manpower and ... more Universities and Institutes of higher learning are large repositories of knowledge, manpower and physical resources. They cannot function and exist in isolation of the society and communities where they are located. They have an obligation to cater to the overall and diverse learning needs of the segments of the neighboring people and communities. If the University system has to discharge its social obligations and duties adequately it must embrace extension as the third important dimension and give it the same status as teaching and research. Extension is a new and extremely significant area. It caters to the community and overall and diverse learning needs of all the segments of the people of the community while generating new knowledge simultaneously. Once new body of knowledge is generated or innovations made, there usually exists a ‘gap’ between the existing knowledge of the client and the new knowledge available. Extension ‘bridges’ the gap in knowledge bringing desirable planned change in the behavior complex of the people with a view to help them live better by learning new /or improving existing vocations and enterprises. The Kothari Commission the India Education Commission in 1964 comprehensively examined and reviewed the entire educational system and emphasized ‘Extension as the third dimension of higher education’. It introduced the trinity of Teaching, Research & Extension in higher education. This was necessitated by the fact that the education has to be made relevant to real life situations, so that the learners cannot be alienated from the society, and they develop a sense of responsibility towards society.

Indian Cooperative Review, Oct 31, 2015

Kibbutz a unique voluntary democratic community in Israel was organized in the beginning of the 2... more Kibbutz a unique voluntary democratic community in Israel was organized in the beginning of the 20th Century. It was a collective farm settlement where socialistic sharing of work and wealth and communal rearing of children took place under one roof. The aim of Kibbutz was to generate an economically and socially independent society founded on the principles of communal ownership of property, social justice and equality. The contribution of Kibbutzim in bringing agricultural innovations and advancements in irrigation is unparalleled. It has shown the world how a social cooperative i.e. collective ownership, self-employment, equality and cooperation in production, consumption and education can make a dream of “making desert bloom” a reality.

Jamia Journal of Education, An International Biannual Publication, Nov 30, 2015

ABSTRACT Learning is a continuous, ongoing and a lifelong process. It is perhaps the fundamental ... more ABSTRACT
Learning is a continuous, ongoing and a lifelong process. It is perhaps the fundamental process for survival and adaptation of human beings to both internal as well the external environment. Learning is most effective when geared to the physical and intellectual ability of the learner. Each learner has individual learning needs and it is important for the teachers/facilitators to know their learners well. The principles of pedagogy applicable to a child learner do not apply to adult learners. The adult learner cannot be treated as an oversized child learner. Hence the teachers/facilitators of adult learners prior to conceiving, designing or implementing learning programs have to first understand the characteristics of the adult learners.
Adult learner (mature student) is a term used to describe any person socially accepted as an adult who is involved in a systematic learning process, be it formal or non formal or informal. This process maybe self-mentored or corporate-sponsored; where learning may be undertaken as fulltime or a part time learner. Adult learners comprise of a diverse groups of people belonging to different genders, caste, class, religion, region, majority or minority groups, creed, race, ethnicity varying from each other in their needs, problems, requirements, attitudes and outlook towards life. Unlike a child learner the adult learner is autonomous and comes voluntarily to the learning situation. Since the adult learners are very clear about the results they anticipate from the learning process they may drop out of learning activities if their expectations aren’t met.
Adult learners have a vast wealth of knowledge acquired by controlling their environment and experiences of life. Their opinions, values and beliefs are their defining characteristics which they bring to the learning situations. The teachers/facilitators in order not to hurt the self-image of adult learners have to treat them with utmost respect and equality. Any learning process construed for the adult learners has to be geared to meet the needs of the adult learners. The motivation to continue to learn for adults comes intrinsically unlike children and hence learning should be goal and relevancy-oriented, practical, using purposeful activities.
And not to forget that the adult learners usually carry a big bag of burden in form of commitments and responsibilities in their professional, personal, social life and the advancing age may add to their potential physical limitations. Hence the teachers /facilitators for learning to be successful have to be alert and sensitive to the needs and characteristics of their adult learners.

Indian Journal of Adult Education, Jun 30, 2015

The fundamental process that facilitates the survival and adaptation of human beings is ‘learning... more The fundamental process that facilitates the survival and adaptation of human beings is ‘learning’. Each learner has their individual learning needs. Since an adult learner is not an oversized child learner, therefore researches of child learning and pedagogical principles cannot explain theories of adult learning. Adult Learners have their own distinct and unique characteristics. They are mature, independent, possess wealth of knowledge and experiences. Hence there have to be theories of adult learning. American educator Malcolm Shepherd Knowles ‘founding father of adult learning’ worked extensively on Andragogy-the theory of adult learning and is credited to making Andragogy synonymous to adult education. Knowles Andragogical theory of adult learning clearly brings out the distinction between the adult and the child learner. Adult learning (andragogy) is 'education of equals' (facilitator and learner) as opposed to child learning (pedagogy) 'education from above' (teacher and student). The Article explores the distinction between Andragogy & Pedagogy, various andragogical assumptions, principles of adult learning and components of andragogical process design that encompass the Theory of Adult Learning.

Check the Link below for the Paper (Pages 50-60)
http://www.iaea-india.org/ijae-aj2015.pdf

Horizons of Holistic Education, Sep 15, 2015

ABSTRACT This article examines the important transitory stage in human life i.e. adolescence- a l... more ABSTRACT
This article examines the important transitory stage in human life i.e. adolescence- a life
stage, that lies between childhood and adulthood. Beginning around 10, 11 or 12 years, adolescence concludes between 18-21 years of age. It is a stage, when complete
metamorphosis takes place and is akin to a butterfly emerging from its cocoon which in its
former stage is a caterpillar! The speed of adolescent changes varies among cultures and
societies since they are contingent on the processes of socialization, training and education.
Key developmental milestones are achieved during adolescence and in order to understand
adolescents it is important to understand their physical, cognitive, psychological, socialemotional,
moral, educational and vocational development and the ensuing changes. Sex
differences exist between boys and girls when we examine all these factors. The end of this
tumultuous period entails physical and sexual maturation, social and economic
independence, development of identity, acquisition of skills needed to carry out adult
relationships and roles, and the capacity for abstract reasoning. Parents, teachers, peers
and the significant others in the adolescent’s environment have to be supportive and
empathetic of the turmoil that they go through to enable a smooth well adjusted transition
into adulthood.
Keywords: adolescence, adolescents, human development, child development, child,
childhood, adulthood, cognitive, social, emotional, moral, development, vocational, late maturer, early maturer, transition.

Link: http://www.hhecu.org/Home/Issuedetails?t=ReL4FRYircqCfLTnsEw%252fpw%253d%253d

Atithi Devo Bhavah meaning 'The Guest is equivalent to God' is the adage used by the Indian Touri... more Atithi Devo Bhavah meaning 'The Guest is equivalent to God' is the adage used by the Indian Tourism to lure millions of Tourists from across the globe. India a land of diversities, is a haven for tourists from around the world. The Indian Tourism Industry has grown so phenomenally that it outperformed even the manufacturing, financial services and retail sectors. Today it is ranked at 38 th position in terms of foreign tourists' arrival and among top 3 medical tourism destinations in Asia. Nearly 70 per cent of the country's population lives in rural India. About 55-60 per cent of our population is farm-dependent implying more than half of the workforce produces just a seventh of the GDP and nearly two-third of India subsists on it. So there is a clear cut rural-urban divide and the rural India emerges as laggard in terms of development. Rural Tourism is an important type of tourism besides adventure tourism, cultural tourism, eco and sustainable tourism, pilgrimage tourism, wellness tourism and wildlife tourism. Rural tourism is gaining popularity both amongst tourists as well as the rural people. Rural Tourism takes place in countryside, in non-urban situation, offering opportunity to the stressed out tourists from urban areas/metros and foreign countries to be back in the lap of nature, to relax and rediscover their roots. The first hand experiences of simple rural life, steeped in traditional culture, unpolluted and natural environment revives the tourists! Rural tourism benefits the local rural communities economically through opportunities for rural enterprises, income generation and employment in their local areas without undertaking migration. Environmentally it conserves ecosystems and biodiversities and culturally it provides impetus to the development of rural arts and crafts, investment for infrastructure development while simultaneously preserving environment and heritage. The untapped potential of rural tourism has to be explored and used systematically for rural development and upliftment of the rural masses.