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Papers by Anne-Christine Hoff

Middle East Forum, Sep 1, 2021

On July 10, 2020, Turkey's high administrative court annulled a 1934 cabinet decision tha... more On July 10, 2020, Turkey's high administrative court annulled a 1934 cabinet decision that had turned Istanbul's famous Hagia Sophia mosque into a museum, dealing a further blow to the secularist legacy of modern Turkey's founding father Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Shortly afterward, a presidential decree transferred the site's ownership from the ministry of culture to the directorate of religious affairs (diyanet), and two weeks later, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan made a nationally televised speech where he lauded the move as the "second conquest of Istanbul" and a major step to the "liberation" of the al-Aqsa mosque.[1] What does this Islamist grandstanding mean for Turkey's 175,000-strong Christian community?[2] Does it herald the looming demise of this community just as the 1453 Ottoman conquest of Constantinople and the conversion of its grand Hagia Sophia cathedral to a mosque signified the destruction of Eastern Christendom?

Middle East Quarterly, 2021

On July 10, 2020, Turkey's high administrative court annulled a 1934 cabinet decision that had tu... more On July 10, 2020, Turkey's high administrative court annulled a 1934 cabinet decision that had turned Istanbul's famous Hagia Sophia mosque into a museum, dealing a further blow to the secularist legacy of modern Turkey's founding father Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Shortly afterward, a presidential decree transferred the site's ownership from the ministry of culture to the directorate of religious affairs (diyanet), and two weeks later, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan made a nationally televised speech where he lauded the move as the "second conquest of Istanbul" and a major step to the "liberation" of the al-Aqsa mosque.[1]

What does this Islamist grandstanding mean for Turkey's 175,000-strong Christian community?[2] Does it herald the looming demise of this community just as the 1453 Ottoman conquest of Constantinople and the conversion of its grand Hagia Sophia cathedral to a mosque signified the destruction of Eastern Christendom?

Using a model created by the Israeli government called the Incitement and Peace Index, this paper... more Using a model created by the Israeli government called the Incitement and Peace Index, this paper collects excerpts from ten speeches given by Julius Malema in the last seven years. Five out of ten of my samples come from statements and or Twitter posts made by Malema following the passage in parliament of a bill to appropriate white farmers' property without compensation in February 2018. These ten public displays are then categorized and put on a scale between (-10) for promoting peace and (+10) for promoting hate. Most of my samples are in the range from (+7) to (+10), but as I noted in my article, my study is not comprehensive. It is only meant to ground my analysis in facts and to show the level of hatred Malema increasingly directs against the white minority. My argument is that while Malema's rhetoric has been relatively consistent throughout his time as a public figure, his public platform has grown sharply within the last six months, as evidenced, for example, by the number of his followers publicly endorsing his view that the value of a white life is less than the value of a lion on social media on May 1, 2018 in this Twitter feed: https://twitter.com/julius_s_malema/status/991383118694240257?lang=en

My thesis is that South Africa's "distribution curve for hate" (to borrow Elihu Richter's phrase), has shifted sharply to the right in the last six months and while there is still opposition to Malema's "eliminationist" narrative, anti-white incitement is accelerating and it is endorsed by the ANC and the EFF. In my view Malema's rhetoric has already infected South Africa's social body. Finally, I conclude that the South African church can play a role in opposing the narrative of hate, but the Black Consciousness movement within the church must be relegated to the past so that decent South Africans of all ethnicities can take a strong stand against Malema's hate speech and his incitement to violence.

Middle East Quarterly, 2018

While Christians make up less than half a percent of Turkey’s population, President Recep Tayyip ... more While Christians make up less than half a percent of Turkey’s population, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and his ruling Justice and Reconciliation Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP) depict them as a grave threat to the stability of the nation. With Erdoğan’s jihadist rhetoric often stereotyping Christian Turkish citizens as not real Turks but rather as Western stooges and collaborators, many Turks seem to be tilting toward an “eliminationist anti-Christian mentality,” to use historian Daniel Goldhagen’s term. Small wonder that the recent launch of an official online genealogy service allowing Turks to trace their ancestry has kindled a tidal xenophobic wave on the social media welcoming the fresh possibility to expose “Crypto-Armenians, Greeks, and Jews” mascarading as true Turks. [1]

The Journal for the Study of Anti-Semitism , Jun 2013

a poet, essayist and translator, published his first collection of poetry, The Silence of Men (Ca... more a poet, essayist and translator, published his first collection of poetry, The Silence of Men (CavanKerry Press, 2006) last year -a stunning debut. The renowned poet Yusef Kumanyakaa wrote a glowing forward to the book, and Newman has been steadily promoting and selling the book since then. He has published two books of translations from classical Persian literature, Selections from Saadi's Gulistan and Selections from Saadi's Bustan (both from Global Scholarly Publications, 2004 and 2006 respectively), and he has been publishing non-fiction essays and individual poems since 1988, when the essay "His Sexuality; Her Reproductive Rights" appeared in Changing Men magazine. Since then, his essays and poems have appeared in Salon.com, The American Voice, The Pedestal, Circumference, Prairie Schooner, ACM, Birmingham Poetry Review and other literary jouranls. His work has been anthologized in Access Literature (Thomson Wadsworth, 2005) and his poetry has been translated into Dutch. The two discussed poetry as survival, the relation between second-language acquisition and writing, the sexual abuse of boys, reproductive rights, and the re-making of American men.

This article uses a range of research to show that young Americans are reading less and that gene... more This article uses a range of research to show that young Americans are reading less and that generally their leisure time is spent watching television. The effects of this cultural shift are generally negative as the cognitive benefits of television watching are minimal, and a strong correlation exists between voluntary reading and improved cognitive skills. The paper explores a range of methods educators could use to attract young Americans to reading. Some of the methods discussed include free and voluntary reading (FVR) programs, monthly librarian visits, novel-of-choice units, student-to-student book talks, and teacher-to-student book talks. As the implications of aliteracy are serious, the paper concludes that educators have no choice but to change their teaching methods as the traditional ways of attracting youth to reading have not been successful.

Drafts by Anne-Christine Hoff

Suppressed from publication until 1986, The Salo Cantos were first hidden in the back of The Cant... more Suppressed from publication until 1986, The Salo Cantos were first hidden in the back of The Cantos until 1989 when they were put in the middle, where they still are today. The shame and secrecy surrounding these cantos has everything to do with their content, which is not only openly Fascist, but also racist, anti-Semitic and violent.

Conceived at the end of 1944, the poet did not always feel shame in regards to his “songs.” Originally, the proud Pound sent copies of the propagandistic odes to Admiral Ubaldo degli Uberti, an admiral for Mussolini; to Mezzasoma, the Minister of Popular Culture of the Republic of Salo; to his daughter for the Bafana, the Feast of the Epiphany; and to Mussolini, copies that were later found among Il Duce’s papers after the collapse of Salo.

Middle East Forum, Sep 1, 2021

On July 10, 2020, Turkey's high administrative court annulled a 1934 cabinet decision tha... more On July 10, 2020, Turkey's high administrative court annulled a 1934 cabinet decision that had turned Istanbul's famous Hagia Sophia mosque into a museum, dealing a further blow to the secularist legacy of modern Turkey's founding father Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Shortly afterward, a presidential decree transferred the site's ownership from the ministry of culture to the directorate of religious affairs (diyanet), and two weeks later, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan made a nationally televised speech where he lauded the move as the "second conquest of Istanbul" and a major step to the "liberation" of the al-Aqsa mosque.[1] What does this Islamist grandstanding mean for Turkey's 175,000-strong Christian community?[2] Does it herald the looming demise of this community just as the 1453 Ottoman conquest of Constantinople and the conversion of its grand Hagia Sophia cathedral to a mosque signified the destruction of Eastern Christendom?

Middle East Quarterly, 2021

On July 10, 2020, Turkey's high administrative court annulled a 1934 cabinet decision that had tu... more On July 10, 2020, Turkey's high administrative court annulled a 1934 cabinet decision that had turned Istanbul's famous Hagia Sophia mosque into a museum, dealing a further blow to the secularist legacy of modern Turkey's founding father Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Shortly afterward, a presidential decree transferred the site's ownership from the ministry of culture to the directorate of religious affairs (diyanet), and two weeks later, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan made a nationally televised speech where he lauded the move as the "second conquest of Istanbul" and a major step to the "liberation" of the al-Aqsa mosque.[1]

What does this Islamist grandstanding mean for Turkey's 175,000-strong Christian community?[2] Does it herald the looming demise of this community just as the 1453 Ottoman conquest of Constantinople and the conversion of its grand Hagia Sophia cathedral to a mosque signified the destruction of Eastern Christendom?

Using a model created by the Israeli government called the Incitement and Peace Index, this paper... more Using a model created by the Israeli government called the Incitement and Peace Index, this paper collects excerpts from ten speeches given by Julius Malema in the last seven years. Five out of ten of my samples come from statements and or Twitter posts made by Malema following the passage in parliament of a bill to appropriate white farmers' property without compensation in February 2018. These ten public displays are then categorized and put on a scale between (-10) for promoting peace and (+10) for promoting hate. Most of my samples are in the range from (+7) to (+10), but as I noted in my article, my study is not comprehensive. It is only meant to ground my analysis in facts and to show the level of hatred Malema increasingly directs against the white minority. My argument is that while Malema's rhetoric has been relatively consistent throughout his time as a public figure, his public platform has grown sharply within the last six months, as evidenced, for example, by the number of his followers publicly endorsing his view that the value of a white life is less than the value of a lion on social media on May 1, 2018 in this Twitter feed: https://twitter.com/julius_s_malema/status/991383118694240257?lang=en

My thesis is that South Africa's "distribution curve for hate" (to borrow Elihu Richter's phrase), has shifted sharply to the right in the last six months and while there is still opposition to Malema's "eliminationist" narrative, anti-white incitement is accelerating and it is endorsed by the ANC and the EFF. In my view Malema's rhetoric has already infected South Africa's social body. Finally, I conclude that the South African church can play a role in opposing the narrative of hate, but the Black Consciousness movement within the church must be relegated to the past so that decent South Africans of all ethnicities can take a strong stand against Malema's hate speech and his incitement to violence.

Middle East Quarterly, 2018

While Christians make up less than half a percent of Turkey’s population, President Recep Tayyip ... more While Christians make up less than half a percent of Turkey’s population, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and his ruling Justice and Reconciliation Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP) depict them as a grave threat to the stability of the nation. With Erdoğan’s jihadist rhetoric often stereotyping Christian Turkish citizens as not real Turks but rather as Western stooges and collaborators, many Turks seem to be tilting toward an “eliminationist anti-Christian mentality,” to use historian Daniel Goldhagen’s term. Small wonder that the recent launch of an official online genealogy service allowing Turks to trace their ancestry has kindled a tidal xenophobic wave on the social media welcoming the fresh possibility to expose “Crypto-Armenians, Greeks, and Jews” mascarading as true Turks. [1]

The Journal for the Study of Anti-Semitism , Jun 2013

a poet, essayist and translator, published his first collection of poetry, The Silence of Men (Ca... more a poet, essayist and translator, published his first collection of poetry, The Silence of Men (CavanKerry Press, 2006) last year -a stunning debut. The renowned poet Yusef Kumanyakaa wrote a glowing forward to the book, and Newman has been steadily promoting and selling the book since then. He has published two books of translations from classical Persian literature, Selections from Saadi's Gulistan and Selections from Saadi's Bustan (both from Global Scholarly Publications, 2004 and 2006 respectively), and he has been publishing non-fiction essays and individual poems since 1988, when the essay "His Sexuality; Her Reproductive Rights" appeared in Changing Men magazine. Since then, his essays and poems have appeared in Salon.com, The American Voice, The Pedestal, Circumference, Prairie Schooner, ACM, Birmingham Poetry Review and other literary jouranls. His work has been anthologized in Access Literature (Thomson Wadsworth, 2005) and his poetry has been translated into Dutch. The two discussed poetry as survival, the relation between second-language acquisition and writing, the sexual abuse of boys, reproductive rights, and the re-making of American men.

This article uses a range of research to show that young Americans are reading less and that gene... more This article uses a range of research to show that young Americans are reading less and that generally their leisure time is spent watching television. The effects of this cultural shift are generally negative as the cognitive benefits of television watching are minimal, and a strong correlation exists between voluntary reading and improved cognitive skills. The paper explores a range of methods educators could use to attract young Americans to reading. Some of the methods discussed include free and voluntary reading (FVR) programs, monthly librarian visits, novel-of-choice units, student-to-student book talks, and teacher-to-student book talks. As the implications of aliteracy are serious, the paper concludes that educators have no choice but to change their teaching methods as the traditional ways of attracting youth to reading have not been successful.

Suppressed from publication until 1986, The Salo Cantos were first hidden in the back of The Cant... more Suppressed from publication until 1986, The Salo Cantos were first hidden in the back of The Cantos until 1989 when they were put in the middle, where they still are today. The shame and secrecy surrounding these cantos has everything to do with their content, which is not only openly Fascist, but also racist, anti-Semitic and violent.

Conceived at the end of 1944, the poet did not always feel shame in regards to his “songs.” Originally, the proud Pound sent copies of the propagandistic odes to Admiral Ubaldo degli Uberti, an admiral for Mussolini; to Mezzasoma, the Minister of Popular Culture of the Republic of Salo; to his daughter for the Bafana, the Feast of the Epiphany; and to Mussolini, copies that were later found among Il Duce’s papers after the collapse of Salo.