Narendra Kumar Gontia | Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (original) (raw)

Papers by Narendra Kumar Gontia

Estimation of reference evapotranspiration is a tedious exercise and needs a lot of climatologica... more Estimation of reference evapotranspiration is a tedious exercise and needs a lot of climatological data. This study has been conducted to develop GUI based software for estimation of crop evapotranspiration using FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method.The software developed as Graphical User Interface (GUI) using visual basic 6.0 programming language for estimation of crop evapotranspiration. The developed software was able to estimate reference crop evapotranspiration rate (ET o) quickly and with reliability. Developed software is capable of estimating crop evapotranspiration with hourly data, daily data, monthly data and even with missing data. The developed software can produce estimating output parameters such as net radiation of the crop surface, slope vapor pressure curve, saturation vapour pressure, psychrometric constant, extraterrestrial radiation along with reference evapotranspiration. Evapotranspiration of crop (ET c)of wheat and summer groundnut at Junagadh, Gujrat, India were also estimated. Groundnut ET c were estimated for initial, mid, and end stages as2.17, 7.36 and 4.06 mmd-1 , respectively. Whereas,ET c for wheat for initial, mid, end stages were found to be 3.52, 5.12 and 1.81 mmd-1 , respectively.

Journal of Agrometeorology, Nov 10, 2021

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2008

Methodology to characterize meteorological drought and drought frequency curves have been develop... more Methodology to characterize meteorological drought and drought frequency curves have been developed for the drought prone Hazaribagh district, Jharkhand, India. The annual and monsoon seasonal rainfall data for a period of 80 years (1913–1992) were analyzed to determine excess and deficit from normal. The annual and seasonal rainfall follows log normal and normal distribution respectively. Meteorological drought is investigated by various methods and using proposed methodology. Based on seasonal rainfall of 80 years the proposed methodology classified 45 years (56.25%) as drought years out of which incipient, large, severe, disastrous and extreme drought years were 12 (15.55%), 21 (27.77%), 8 (10%), 3 (3.75%) and 1(1.25%) respectively. Drought indices were also developed and year 1966 was classified as the extreme drought year of the area. Multiyear drought characteristic reveals that as drought duration increased from 2 to 6 years the mean severity increased with increasing variability, though the mean drought intensity also increased gradually, but with decreasing variability.

Journal of The Indian Society of Remote Sensing, Dec 2, 2021

Calculation of actual evapotranspiration (AET) is of vital importance for the study of climate ch... more Calculation of actual evapotranspiration (AET) is of vital importance for the study of climate change, ecosystem carbon cycling, flooding, drought, and agricultural water demand. It is one of the more important components in the hydrological cycle and surface energy balance (SEB). How to accurately estimate AET especially for the Tibetan Plateau (TP) with complex terrain remains a challenge for the scientific community. Using multi-sensor remote sensing data, meteorological forcing data, and field observations, AET was derived for the Nagqu river basin of the Northern Tibetan Plateau from a surface energy balance system (SEBS) model. As inputs for SEBS, improved algorithms and datasets for land surface albedo and a cloud-free normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were also constructed. The model-estimated AET were compared with results by using the combinatory method (CM). The validation indicated that the model estimates of AET agreed well with the correlation coefficient, the root mean square error, and the mean percentage error of 0.972, 0.052 mm/h, and −10.4%, respectively. The comparison between SEBS estimation and CM results also proved the feasibility of parameterization schemes for land surface parameters and AET.

Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 2021

Remote sensing based various land surface and bio-physical variables like Normalized Difference V... more Remote sensing based various land surface and bio-physical variables like Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Land Surface Temperature (LST), surface albedo, transmittance and surface emissivity are useful for the estimation of spatio-temporal variations in evapotranspiration (ET) using Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) method. These variables were estimated under the present study for Ozat-II canal command in Junagadh district, Gujarat, India, using Landsat-7 and Landsat-8 images of summer season of years 2014 and 2015. The derived parameters were used in SEBAL to estimate the Actual Evapotranspiration (AET) of groundnut and sesame crops. The lower values NDVI observed during initial (March) and end (May) stages of crop growth indicated low vegetation cover during these periods. With full canopy coverage of the crops, higher value of NDVI (0.90) was observed during the mid-crop growth stage. The remote sensing-based LST was lower for agricultural areas and the area near banks of the canal and Ozat River, while higher surface temperatures were observed for rural settlements, road and areas with exposed dry soil. The maximum surface temperatures in the cropland were observed as 311.0 K during March 25, 2014 and 315.8 K during May 31, 2015. The AET of summer groundnut increased from 3.75 to 7.38 mm.day-1 , and then decreased to 3.99 mm.day-1 towards the end stage of crop growth. The daily AET of summer sesame ranged from 1.06 to 7.72 mm.day-1 over different crop growth stages. The seasonal AET of groundnut and sesame worked out to 358.19 mm and 346.31 mm, respectively. The estimated AET would be helpful to schedule irrigation in the large canal command.

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, Dec 10, 2018

Journal of Agrometeorology

The present study was conducted in the Saurashtra region of Gujarat to demonstrate the developmen... more The present study was conducted in the Saurashtra region of Gujarat to demonstrate the development and validation of location and crop-specific composite drought index (CDI) using a linear combination of three parameters including meteorological drought index, vegetation drought index and inverse of maximum consecutive dry days%for major Kharif crops of the region i.e. cotton and groundnut. The performance of nine drought indices including six meteorological and three remote sensing-based vegetation indices wasevaluated in terms of correlation with district scale crop yields.The district-wise expressions of CDI were developed by assigning principal component analysis (PCA) based weights to parameters.Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)/ Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) among meteorological indices and NDVI Anomaly Index (NDVIA)/ Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) among vegetation indices were found suitable for generating district specific CDI expressions. The...

Journal of Agrometeorology, 2016

Irrigation optimization is an important practice used in crop management, which could reduce irri... more Irrigation optimization is an important practice used in crop management, which could reduce irrigation water losses and maintain high yield in the canal command. Estimation of crop water demand based on temporal and spatial distribution is a prime requirement for efficient water management. Remote sensing based surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL) has a good performance in both efficiency and applicability in evapotranspiration (ET) estimation. The crop water requirement was estimated using FAO-56 and SEBAL methods for the performance assessment of OzatII canal command area of Junagadh district, Gujarat, India. The irrigation efficiencies for the Ozat-II scheme were found out very low as 28.22% and 30.68% based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc) FAO-56 method and SEBAL based actual evapotranspiration (AET) respectively for year 2014. The relative water supply (RWS) estimated from crop demands based on ETc (FAO-56) and AET (SEBAL) were 1.28 and 1.17 respectively for year ...

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2019

Sustainable Water Resources Management, 2017

The South West part of Saurashtra is connected to Arabian Sea which in the Southern side of Junag... more The South West part of Saurashtra is connected to Arabian Sea which in the Southern side of Junagadh city (Gujarat, India). The study area covers 14 Taluka blocks and which mostly depends on groundwater for irrigation. An attempt has been made to assess the groundwater resources and groundwater quality in the region for its prospect and sustainable development. Groundwater potential was estimated by Thiessen Polygon network, aquifer properties, and ground water-level fluctuations. Contour maps of pre- and post-monsoon absolute head, water table and change in water table were prepared using their 3 year (2009 and 2011) average values. The contour maps were prepared using tools like, Bhuvan, Google earth and AutoCAD software. Absolute water head was determined subtracting water table from the reduce level. The reduced level at ground surface beside observation well was recorded using global positioning system and Google earth. The storage coefficient and transmissibility were determined by pumping well test using Papadopoulos and Jacob methods. Variations in the region in storage coefficient and transmissibility are presented by contour maps. Estimated groundwater potential was verified basis on (1) water balance sheet, (2) estimated groundwater draft, and (3) MODFLOW solution. The water balance sheet was prepared by comparing total water potential and total water consumption in the region; groundwater draft was estimated by pumping structures working in the region. The groundwater potential of South West Saurashtra region was estimated 4060.67 million cubic meter (MCM), 1747.21 MCM direct rainfall recharge was estimated, and 2313.45 MCM recharge from water harvesting structures was estimated. Change in water table has negative values and shows that groundwater level in the region is in increasing in trend. Groundwater quality classification maps were prepared based on three parameters electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and residual sodium carbonate (RSC); Sharma and Minhas (Management options and policy guidelines for use of poor quality groundwater in agriculture, Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, 2003). Result shows that the region may be divided into three groundwater quality classes for irrigation under post-monsoon observation: 7598.09, 1564.05, and 139.95 km2 areas were found as Good, Marginal saline, and Saline classes, respectively. While in pre-monsoon observation, 7168.48, 1628.38, and 505.23 km2 areas were under Good, Marginal saline, and saline classes, respectively. During post- and pre-monsoon groundwater, samples were collected from each observation well. Chemical parameters, such as EC, pH, Na, Ca, Mg, Ca + Mg, CO3, HCO3, Cl, Mg/Ca, SAR, RSC, SSP (soluble sodium percentage), and total soluble salts, were determined by standard methods. MODFLOW mass balance shows that water resource in the region for 930 days was found positive (IN–OUT) 20,480.00 m3; positive value indicates gain in water resources in the region, but gain was negligible.

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science

Aims: The research work was carried out to find suitable sites for rainwater harvesting in Dhatar... more Aims: The research work was carried out to find suitable sites for rainwater harvesting in Dhatarwadi river basin of Amreli district of Gujarat, India using remote sensing and geographic information system along with analytic hierarchy process. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India. Methodology: In present study, suitable sites for runoff water harvesting structures were identified using guidelines of IMSD (1995) and FAO (2003). Five criteria i.e. rainfall, land use/land cover, soil texture, lineament density and slope were selected. Thematic layers of these layers were analysed using overlay process using ArcGIS software and weights for criterias were derived with experts’ opinion using AHP. Results: Results obtained were for water harvesting site selection, AHP generated weight for criteria were 36.1%, 20.6%, 18.6 %, 13.1 % and 11.7 % for rainfall, la...

Journal of Water and Climate Change

The effectual estimation of meteorological drought parameters such as severity, duration and freq... more The effectual estimation of meteorological drought parameters such as severity, duration and frequency to plan suitable drought mitigation measures is challenging owing to the complex relationship among these parameters. The present study endeavored to assess the drought proneness of various districts of chronic drought prone Saurashtra region of Gujarat state (India). The district wise Drought Severity Duration Frequency (DSDF) curves were developed using Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) based on 40 years (1980 to 2019) data. The monthly drought severities of SPEI for various return periods ranging from 2 to 100 years were estimated by testing 10 probability distributions. The DSDF curves revealed that severe droughts were more prominent for shorter durations and identical severities were observed for 1 to 4 month drought duration for smaller rerun periods. As drought mitigation measures vary according to drought severity and duration, the study employed a...

The efficient utilization of groundwater leads to less pumping cost reduces ground water depletio... more The efficient utilization of groundwater leads to less pumping cost reduces ground water depletion and save crop as well as sustain crop production with increased yield. Experiment was conducted in hard rock area of aquifer on conjunctive use planning of harvested rainwater with groundwater for irrigating wheat crop. The experiment was conducted with two treatments; in treatment one irrigation was applied through conjunctive use of surface water storage and groundwater. In another treatment irrigation was applied through groundwater only. The crop water requirement was estimated using FAO-56, Penman- Monteith method in both the treatments. In treatment one of conjunctive use planning the groundwater withdrawal reduced by 654.6 m3/ha. By early use of surface storage about 152.7 mm of evaporation loss was reduced as well as it has saved the electrical energy of 247.6 kwh per ha. Though the yield of wheat crop was at par in both the treatments, however B/C ratio was higher (1.61) in co...

Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 2012

... Structures in Jamka Microwatershed Using Remote Sensing and GIS Narendra K. Gontia &a... more ... Structures in Jamka Microwatershed Using Remote Sensing and GIS Narendra K. Gontia &amp; Pallavi Y. Patil Received: 9 July 2010 /Accepted: 10 October 2011 © Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2011 Abstract Water harvesting ...

Agricultural Water Management, 2008

Water Resources Management, 2009

Remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques were used to estimate actual ... more Remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques were used to estimate actual crop evapotranspiration of wheat crop grown in Tarafeni South Main Canal (TSMC) irrigation command of West Bengal State in India. The area under wheat crop was clipped from landuse/land cover map generated from Indian Remote Sensing Satellite P6 (IRS P6) image of January, 2004 for winter season 2003-04. The IRS P6 image and four wide field sensor (WiFS) images for different months of winter season were used to determine the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) for area under wheat crop. The relationship between vegetation indices and crop coefficients (K c) of wheat for corresponding months were developed. Based on these developed regression equations crop coefficient maps were generated for each month of wheat crop season. Monthly reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) was estimated based on FAO-56, Penman-Monteith method. ETo was combined with spatially distributed K c maps of different months of wheat crop season to generate crop evapotranspiration (ET c) maps of each month. The crop water demand of wheat estimated using spatially distributed ET c maps for months of