Ochanya Idoko | Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (original) (raw)

Papers by Ochanya Idoko

Research paper thumbnail of Attitude, Practice, and Factors Affecting Contraceptive Use among Women Attending Postnatal Care in a Tertiary Health Facility in Jos North LGA, Plateau State, Nigeria

Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

The high population growth rate has been associated with the increased level of poverty, morbidit... more The high population growth rate has been associated with the increased level of poverty, morbidity, mortality, and decreased life expectancy. Modern contraception is an important factor in controlling fertility through prevention of unintended and unwanted pregnancies. Contraception (birth control) prevents pregnancy by interfering with the normal process of ovulation, fertilization, and implantation. Contraceptive use is still very low in Nigeria and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where the levels of fertility and unmet need for family planning are high. The attitude of women toward contraception will usually affect the practice and utilization of contraceptives. The objective of this study is to assess the attitude, prevalence, and factors affecting contraceptive use among women attending Postnatal care in a tertiary health facility in Jos North L. G. A Plateau State, Nigeria. There was a descriptive cross-sectional study done between September to October 2019, with a sample size of 250 women. Respondents were determined using a multi-stage sampling method. Data collection was done using an interviewer-administered, pre-tested, structured questionnaire. The data was collected, entered, and analyzed using IBM Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Most women have a positive attitude 162 (64.8%) toward contraception while 88 (35.2%) had negative attitude toward contraception. Three quarters (75.2%) of women are willing to use contraception. The prevalence of contraceptive use among respondents was 35.6% while the prevalence of previous use of contraceptives among the respondents was 71.2%. Fifty (27.9%) used condom (barrier method), 40 (22.

Research paper thumbnail of Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics and level of care associated with lost to follow-up and mortality in adult patients on first-line ART in Nigerian hospitals

Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2012

Introduction: Clinical outcome is an important determinant of programme success. This study aims ... more Introduction: Clinical outcome is an important determinant of programme success. This study aims to evaluate patients' baseline characteristics as well as level of care associated with lost to follow-up (LTFU) and mortality of patients on antiretroviral treatment (ART). Methods: Retrospective cohort study using routine service data of adult patients initiated on ART in 2007 in 10 selected hospitals in Nigeria. We captured data using an electronic medical record system and analyzed using Stata. Outcome measures were probability of being alive and retained in care at 12, 24 and 36 months on ART. Potential predictors associated with time to mortality and time to LTFU were assessed using competing risks regression models. Results: After 12 months on therapy, 85% of patients were alive and on ART. Survival decreased to 81.2% and 76.1% at 24 and 36 months, respectively. Median CD4 count for patients at ART start, 12, 18 and 24 months were 152 (interquartile range, IQR: 75 to 242), 312 (IQR: 194 to 450), 344 (IQR: 227 to 501) and 372 (IQR: 246 to 517) cells/ml, respectively. Competing risk regression showed that patients' baseline characteristics significantly associated with LTFU were male (adjusted sub-hazard ratio, sHR 01.24 [95% CI: 1.08 to 1.42]), ambulatory functional status (adjusted sHR01.25 [95% CI: 1.01 to 1.54]), World Health Organization (WHO) clinical Stage II (adjusted sHR01.31 [95% CI: 1.08 to 1.59]) and care in a secondary site (adjusted sHR 00.76 [95% CI: 0.66 to 0.87]). Those associated with mortality include CD4 count B50 cells/ml (adjusted sHR02.84 [95% CI: 1.20 to 6.71]), WHO clinical Stage III (adjusted sHR 02.67 [95% CI: 1.26 to 5.65]) and Stage IV (adjusted sHR 05.04 [95% CI: 1.93 to 13.16]) and care in a secondary site (adjusted sHR02.21 [95% CI: 1.30 to 3.77]). Conclusions: Mortality was associated with advanced HIV disease and care in secondary facilities. Earlier initiation of therapy and strengthening systems in secondary level facilities may improve retention and ultimately contribute to better clinical outcomes.

Research paper thumbnail of Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics and level of care associated with lost to follow-up and mortality in adult patients on first-line ART in Nigerian hospitals

Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2012

Introduction: Clinical outcome is an important determinant of programme success. This study aims ... more Introduction: Clinical outcome is an important determinant of programme success. This study aims to evaluate patients' baseline characteristics as well as level of care associated with lost to follow-up (LTFU) and mortality of patients on antiretroviral treatment (ART). Methods: Retrospective cohort study using routine service data of adult patients initiated on ART in 2007 in 10 selected hospitals in Nigeria. We captured data using an electronic medical record system and analyzed using Stata. Outcome measures were probability of being alive and retained in care at 12, 24 and 36 months on ART. Potential predictors associated with time to mortality and time to LTFU were assessed using competing risks regression models. Results: After 12 months on therapy, 85% of patients were alive and on ART. Survival decreased to 81.2% and 76.1% at 24 and 36 months, respectively. Median CD4 count for patients at ART start, 12, 18 and 24 months were 152 (interquartile range, IQR: 75 to 242), 312 (IQR: 194 to 450), 344 (IQR: 227 to 501) and 372 (IQR: 246 to 517) cells/ml, respectively. Competing risk regression showed that patients' baseline characteristics significantly associated with LTFU were male (adjusted sub-hazard ratio, sHR 01.24 [95% CI: 1.08 to 1.42]), ambulatory functional status (adjusted sHR01.25 [95% CI: 1.01 to 1.54]), World Health Organization (WHO) clinical Stage II (adjusted sHR01.31 [95% CI: 1.08 to 1.59]) and care in a secondary site (adjusted sHR 00.76 [95% CI: 0.66 to 0.87]). Those associated with mortality include CD4 count B50 cells/ml (adjusted sHR02.84 [95% CI: 1.20 to 6.71]), WHO clinical Stage III (adjusted sHR 02.67 [95% CI: 1.26 to 5.65]) and Stage IV (adjusted sHR 05.04 [95% CI: 1.93 to 13.16]) and care in a secondary site (adjusted sHR02.21 [95% CI: 1.30 to 3.77]).

Research paper thumbnail of Attitude, Practice, and Factors Affecting Contraceptive Use among Women Attending Postnatal Care in a Tertiary Health Facility in Jos North LGA, Plateau State, Nigeria

Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

The high population growth rate has been associated with the increased level of poverty, morbidit... more The high population growth rate has been associated with the increased level of poverty, morbidity, mortality, and decreased life expectancy. Modern contraception is an important factor in controlling fertility through prevention of unintended and unwanted pregnancies. Contraception (birth control) prevents pregnancy by interfering with the normal process of ovulation, fertilization, and implantation. Contraceptive use is still very low in Nigeria and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where the levels of fertility and unmet need for family planning are high. The attitude of women toward contraception will usually affect the practice and utilization of contraceptives. The objective of this study is to assess the attitude, prevalence, and factors affecting contraceptive use among women attending Postnatal care in a tertiary health facility in Jos North L. G. A Plateau State, Nigeria. There was a descriptive cross-sectional study done between September to October 2019, with a sample size of 250 women. Respondents were determined using a multi-stage sampling method. Data collection was done using an interviewer-administered, pre-tested, structured questionnaire. The data was collected, entered, and analyzed using IBM Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Most women have a positive attitude 162 (64.8%) toward contraception while 88 (35.2%) had negative attitude toward contraception. Three quarters (75.2%) of women are willing to use contraception. The prevalence of contraceptive use among respondents was 35.6% while the prevalence of previous use of contraceptives among the respondents was 71.2%. Fifty (27.9%) used condom (barrier method), 40 (22.

Research paper thumbnail of Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics and level of care associated with lost to follow-up and mortality in adult patients on first-line ART in Nigerian hospitals

Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2012

Introduction: Clinical outcome is an important determinant of programme success. This study aims ... more Introduction: Clinical outcome is an important determinant of programme success. This study aims to evaluate patients' baseline characteristics as well as level of care associated with lost to follow-up (LTFU) and mortality of patients on antiretroviral treatment (ART). Methods: Retrospective cohort study using routine service data of adult patients initiated on ART in 2007 in 10 selected hospitals in Nigeria. We captured data using an electronic medical record system and analyzed using Stata. Outcome measures were probability of being alive and retained in care at 12, 24 and 36 months on ART. Potential predictors associated with time to mortality and time to LTFU were assessed using competing risks regression models. Results: After 12 months on therapy, 85% of patients were alive and on ART. Survival decreased to 81.2% and 76.1% at 24 and 36 months, respectively. Median CD4 count for patients at ART start, 12, 18 and 24 months were 152 (interquartile range, IQR: 75 to 242), 312 (IQR: 194 to 450), 344 (IQR: 227 to 501) and 372 (IQR: 246 to 517) cells/ml, respectively. Competing risk regression showed that patients' baseline characteristics significantly associated with LTFU were male (adjusted sub-hazard ratio, sHR 01.24 [95% CI: 1.08 to 1.42]), ambulatory functional status (adjusted sHR01.25 [95% CI: 1.01 to 1.54]), World Health Organization (WHO) clinical Stage II (adjusted sHR01.31 [95% CI: 1.08 to 1.59]) and care in a secondary site (adjusted sHR 00.76 [95% CI: 0.66 to 0.87]). Those associated with mortality include CD4 count B50 cells/ml (adjusted sHR02.84 [95% CI: 1.20 to 6.71]), WHO clinical Stage III (adjusted sHR 02.67 [95% CI: 1.26 to 5.65]) and Stage IV (adjusted sHR 05.04 [95% CI: 1.93 to 13.16]) and care in a secondary site (adjusted sHR02.21 [95% CI: 1.30 to 3.77]). Conclusions: Mortality was associated with advanced HIV disease and care in secondary facilities. Earlier initiation of therapy and strengthening systems in secondary level facilities may improve retention and ultimately contribute to better clinical outcomes.

Research paper thumbnail of Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics and level of care associated with lost to follow-up and mortality in adult patients on first-line ART in Nigerian hospitals

Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2012

Introduction: Clinical outcome is an important determinant of programme success. This study aims ... more Introduction: Clinical outcome is an important determinant of programme success. This study aims to evaluate patients' baseline characteristics as well as level of care associated with lost to follow-up (LTFU) and mortality of patients on antiretroviral treatment (ART). Methods: Retrospective cohort study using routine service data of adult patients initiated on ART in 2007 in 10 selected hospitals in Nigeria. We captured data using an electronic medical record system and analyzed using Stata. Outcome measures were probability of being alive and retained in care at 12, 24 and 36 months on ART. Potential predictors associated with time to mortality and time to LTFU were assessed using competing risks regression models. Results: After 12 months on therapy, 85% of patients were alive and on ART. Survival decreased to 81.2% and 76.1% at 24 and 36 months, respectively. Median CD4 count for patients at ART start, 12, 18 and 24 months were 152 (interquartile range, IQR: 75 to 242), 312 (IQR: 194 to 450), 344 (IQR: 227 to 501) and 372 (IQR: 246 to 517) cells/ml, respectively. Competing risk regression showed that patients' baseline characteristics significantly associated with LTFU were male (adjusted sub-hazard ratio, sHR 01.24 [95% CI: 1.08 to 1.42]), ambulatory functional status (adjusted sHR01.25 [95% CI: 1.01 to 1.54]), World Health Organization (WHO) clinical Stage II (adjusted sHR01.31 [95% CI: 1.08 to 1.59]) and care in a secondary site (adjusted sHR 00.76 [95% CI: 0.66 to 0.87]). Those associated with mortality include CD4 count B50 cells/ml (adjusted sHR02.84 [95% CI: 1.20 to 6.71]), WHO clinical Stage III (adjusted sHR 02.67 [95% CI: 1.26 to 5.65]) and Stage IV (adjusted sHR 05.04 [95% CI: 1.93 to 13.16]) and care in a secondary site (adjusted sHR02.21 [95% CI: 1.30 to 3.77]).