Chandra Yadav | Jntu Kakinada (original) (raw)

Papers by Chandra Yadav

Research paper thumbnail of 28 kDa Fasciola gigantica cysteine proteinase in the diagnosis of prepatent ovine fasciolosis

Veterinary Parasitology, 2002

Coprological confirmation of ovine fasciolosis in the field, prior to out breaks of the disease a... more Coprological confirmation of ovine fasciolosis in the field, prior to out breaks of the disease and/or strategic antifluke medication, seem to be of little consequence. Efforts are, therefore, being made to evolve a putative antigen specific to serodiagnostic test for early diagnosis during prepatency. In the present investigation, 28 kDa cysteine proteinase was used in ELI SA and Western blot to detect Fasciola gigantica antibodies and further Dipstick-ELISA was developed for field application, using known positive monospecific sera from experimentally infected sheep with 100 F. gigantica metacercariae. Isolation of 28 kDa cysteine proteinase was achieved from bubalian origin flukes. The specific antigen, recognised homologous antifluke antibodies by Western blot as early as 2nd week post-infection (wpi) with 100% sensitivity, in sera samples of sheep harbouring 38 flukes and by 10th wpi in sheep harbouring 3-8 flukes. All sheep were found positive for the infection when ELISA and/or Dipstick-ELISA was applied from 4th wpi. In pooled sera of infected sheep, these were positive during 4th wpi.

Research paper thumbnail of Vaccination of buffaloes with Fasciola gigantica recombinant fatty acid binding protein

Parasitology Research, 2005

Recombinant fatty acid binding protein (rFABP) of Fasciola gigantica was expressed in Escherichia... more Recombinant fatty acid binding protein (rFABP) of Fasciola gigantica was expressed in Escherichia coli and used as vaccine in Freund’s adjuvant to evaluate the level of protection induced in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves. Fifteen buffalo calves were distributed to three groups of five calves each. An antigen dose of 400 μg for each of the three immunizations at 3-week intervals, and a challenge dose of 600 metacercariae was administered per calf. Levels of anti-FABP antibodies increased rapidly by 2 weeks after the first immunization and were always significantly higher in the immunized-challenged group than in the infected control group. Immunization with FABP induced both humoral and cell-mediated immune response in these animals. Vaccination showed a moderate level of protection in terms of reduced fluke burden (35.8%) and liver damage as assayed by aspartate aminotransferase and sulfhydryl group levels as well as anti-fecundity effect of the vaccine.

Research paper thumbnail of A randomized double blind placebo controlled clinical evaluation of extract of Andrographis paniculata (KalmCold™) in patients with uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infection

Research paper thumbnail of The beta-glucan receptor dectin-1 functions together with TLR2 to mediate macrophage activation by mycobacteria

Blood, 2006

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play an essential role in a macrophage&a... more Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play an essential role in a macrophage's response to mycobacterial infections. However, how these receptors work in concert to promote this macrophage response remains unclear. In this study, we used bone marrow-derived macrophages isolated from mannose receptor (MR), complement receptor 3 (CR3), MyD88, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and TLR2 knockout mice to examine the significance of these receptors in mediating a macrophage's response to a mycobacterial infection. We determined that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production in macrophage infected with Mycobacterium avium or M smegmatis is dependent on myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and TLR2 but not TLR4, MR, or CR3. Interestingly, the TLR2-mediated production of TNF-alpha by macrophages infected with M smegmatis required the beta-glucan receptor dectin-1. A similar requirement for dectin-1 in TNF-alpha production was observed for macrophages infected with M bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), M phlei, M avium 2151-rough, and M tuberculosis H37Ra. The limited production of TNF-alpha by virulent M avium 724 and M tuberculosis H37Rv was not dependent on dectin-1. Furthermore, dectin-1 facilitated interleukin-6 (IL-6), RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) production by mycobacteria-infected macrophages. These are the first results to establish a significant role for dectin-1, in cooperation with TLR2, to activate a macrophage's proinflammatory response to a mycobacterial infection.

Research paper thumbnail of Experimental Bubalian Fasciolosis: Kinetics of Antibody Response using 28 kDa Fasciola gigantica Cysteine Proteinase as Antigen

Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2004

Tropical fasciolosis in the Indian subcontinent, mainly caused by Fasciola gigantica, has been a ... more Tropical fasciolosis in the Indian subcontinent, mainly caused by Fasciola gigantica, has been a major constraint on growth and production of bu¡ aloes (Mehra et al., 1999). Con¢ rmatory diagnosis of the disease is often made by days 91^ 95 post infection through ...

Research paper thumbnail of Highly stable glycosylated serine protease from the medicinal plant Euphorbia milii

Research paper thumbnail of The -glucan receptor dectin-1 functions together with TLR2 to mediate macrophage activation by mycobacteria

Research paper thumbnail of A kinetically stable plant subtilase with unique peptide mass fingerprints and dimerization properties

Biophysical Chemistry, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Syzygium cumini leaf and seed extract mediated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and their characterization

Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 2010

BACKGROUND: Plant mediated synthesis of metallic nanoparticles has been studied and reported, how... more BACKGROUND: Plant mediated synthesis of metallic nanoparticles has been studied and reported, however, to date, the biomolecules involved in the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles have not been characterized. This study was therefore undertaken to characterize the biomolecules of Syzygium cumini involved in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles.RESULTS: Synthesis kinetics and morphological characterization of silver nanoparticles (SNP) synthesized using leaf extract (LE) and seed extract (SE) as well as their polar (water) fractions from Syzygium cumini were compared. The polyphenols content and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profile of different fractions revealed good correlation between size and synthesis rate of SNP. SE contains more polyphenols and biochemical constituents than LE and therefore, showed higher synthesis rate and bigger sized SNP. To analyse the nature of biomolecules involved in the synthesis of SNP, LE and SE were fractionated on a polarity basis by solvent–solvent partitioning. Only the water fractions of LE and SE showed potential for SNP synthesis. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of SNP indicated that all fractions catalyze the synthesis of spherical nanoparticles. The average size of SNP synthesized by LE, leaf water fraction, SE and seed water fraction were 30, 29, 92, and 73 nm respectively.CONCLUSION: Results suggest that only highly polar soluble constituents are responsible for SNP synthesis. The size of SNP was found to be directly correlated with the amount of polyphenols as well as surfactants present in the reaction solution. Thus, the amount of polyphenols could be one of the crucial parameters determining the size and distribution of SNP. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry

Research paper thumbnail of Condition based maintenance of power transformer: A case study

Power transformers are important and expensive components in electric energy networks. Unplanned ... more Power transformers are important and expensive components in electric energy networks. Unplanned outages of power transformers has a higher economical impact, which motivates, preventive tests and diagnosis for tapping the benefit of predicting condition to optimize maintenance and increase reliability of power system. Application of advanced diagnostic techniques for power transformers, provide the means to enhance the conventional maintenance program. Therefore it is necessary to change from time based maintenance program to a condition based maintenance which uses some of the current diagnosis methods (e.g. Oil test, DGA, PD, Thermography etc.) to determine the condition of the transformer. A case study on condition based maintenance of power transformer by analyzing the DGA results and zeroing towards the problem through proper online and offline tests has been depicted in detail.

Research paper thumbnail of Tubercular Infection After Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Arthroscopy-the Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Post-traumatic shoulder joint dislocation in a very young child

Research paper thumbnail of Kimura disease of extremity: Unusual manifestation in a long bone

Research paper thumbnail of 28 kDa Fasciola gigantica cysteine proteinase in the diagnosis of prepatent ovine fasciolosis

Veterinary Parasitology, 2002

Coprological confirmation of ovine fasciolosis in the field, prior to out breaks of the disease a... more Coprological confirmation of ovine fasciolosis in the field, prior to out breaks of the disease and/or strategic antifluke medication, seem to be of little consequence. Efforts are, therefore, being made to evolve a putative antigen specific to serodiagnostic test for early diagnosis during prepatency. In the present investigation, 28 kDa cysteine proteinase was used in ELI SA and Western blot to detect Fasciola gigantica antibodies and further Dipstick-ELISA was developed for field application, using known positive monospecific sera from experimentally infected sheep with 100 F. gigantica metacercariae. Isolation of 28 kDa cysteine proteinase was achieved from bubalian origin flukes. The specific antigen, recognised homologous antifluke antibodies by Western blot as early as 2nd week post-infection (wpi) with 100% sensitivity, in sera samples of sheep harbouring 38 flukes and by 10th wpi in sheep harbouring 3-8 flukes. All sheep were found positive for the infection when ELISA and/or Dipstick-ELISA was applied from 4th wpi. In pooled sera of infected sheep, these were positive during 4th wpi.

Research paper thumbnail of Vaccination of buffaloes with Fasciola gigantica recombinant fatty acid binding protein

Parasitology Research, 2005

Recombinant fatty acid binding protein (rFABP) of Fasciola gigantica was expressed in Escherichia... more Recombinant fatty acid binding protein (rFABP) of Fasciola gigantica was expressed in Escherichia coli and used as vaccine in Freund’s adjuvant to evaluate the level of protection induced in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves. Fifteen buffalo calves were distributed to three groups of five calves each. An antigen dose of 400 μg for each of the three immunizations at 3-week intervals, and a challenge dose of 600 metacercariae was administered per calf. Levels of anti-FABP antibodies increased rapidly by 2 weeks after the first immunization and were always significantly higher in the immunized-challenged group than in the infected control group. Immunization with FABP induced both humoral and cell-mediated immune response in these animals. Vaccination showed a moderate level of protection in terms of reduced fluke burden (35.8%) and liver damage as assayed by aspartate aminotransferase and sulfhydryl group levels as well as anti-fecundity effect of the vaccine.

Research paper thumbnail of A randomized double blind placebo controlled clinical evaluation of extract of Andrographis paniculata (KalmCold™) in patients with uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infection

Research paper thumbnail of The beta-glucan receptor dectin-1 functions together with TLR2 to mediate macrophage activation by mycobacteria

Blood, 2006

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play an essential role in a macrophage&a... more Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play an essential role in a macrophage's response to mycobacterial infections. However, how these receptors work in concert to promote this macrophage response remains unclear. In this study, we used bone marrow-derived macrophages isolated from mannose receptor (MR), complement receptor 3 (CR3), MyD88, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and TLR2 knockout mice to examine the significance of these receptors in mediating a macrophage's response to a mycobacterial infection. We determined that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production in macrophage infected with Mycobacterium avium or M smegmatis is dependent on myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and TLR2 but not TLR4, MR, or CR3. Interestingly, the TLR2-mediated production of TNF-alpha by macrophages infected with M smegmatis required the beta-glucan receptor dectin-1. A similar requirement for dectin-1 in TNF-alpha production was observed for macrophages infected with M bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), M phlei, M avium 2151-rough, and M tuberculosis H37Ra. The limited production of TNF-alpha by virulent M avium 724 and M tuberculosis H37Rv was not dependent on dectin-1. Furthermore, dectin-1 facilitated interleukin-6 (IL-6), RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) production by mycobacteria-infected macrophages. These are the first results to establish a significant role for dectin-1, in cooperation with TLR2, to activate a macrophage's proinflammatory response to a mycobacterial infection.

Research paper thumbnail of Experimental Bubalian Fasciolosis: Kinetics of Antibody Response using 28 kDa Fasciola gigantica Cysteine Proteinase as Antigen

Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2004

Tropical fasciolosis in the Indian subcontinent, mainly caused by Fasciola gigantica, has been a ... more Tropical fasciolosis in the Indian subcontinent, mainly caused by Fasciola gigantica, has been a major constraint on growth and production of bu¡ aloes (Mehra et al., 1999). Con¢ rmatory diagnosis of the disease is often made by days 91^ 95 post infection through ...

Research paper thumbnail of Highly stable glycosylated serine protease from the medicinal plant Euphorbia milii

Research paper thumbnail of The -glucan receptor dectin-1 functions together with TLR2 to mediate macrophage activation by mycobacteria

Research paper thumbnail of A kinetically stable plant subtilase with unique peptide mass fingerprints and dimerization properties

Biophysical Chemistry, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Syzygium cumini leaf and seed extract mediated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and their characterization

Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 2010

BACKGROUND: Plant mediated synthesis of metallic nanoparticles has been studied and reported, how... more BACKGROUND: Plant mediated synthesis of metallic nanoparticles has been studied and reported, however, to date, the biomolecules involved in the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles have not been characterized. This study was therefore undertaken to characterize the biomolecules of Syzygium cumini involved in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles.RESULTS: Synthesis kinetics and morphological characterization of silver nanoparticles (SNP) synthesized using leaf extract (LE) and seed extract (SE) as well as their polar (water) fractions from Syzygium cumini were compared. The polyphenols content and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profile of different fractions revealed good correlation between size and synthesis rate of SNP. SE contains more polyphenols and biochemical constituents than LE and therefore, showed higher synthesis rate and bigger sized SNP. To analyse the nature of biomolecules involved in the synthesis of SNP, LE and SE were fractionated on a polarity basis by solvent–solvent partitioning. Only the water fractions of LE and SE showed potential for SNP synthesis. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of SNP indicated that all fractions catalyze the synthesis of spherical nanoparticles. The average size of SNP synthesized by LE, leaf water fraction, SE and seed water fraction were 30, 29, 92, and 73 nm respectively.CONCLUSION: Results suggest that only highly polar soluble constituents are responsible for SNP synthesis. The size of SNP was found to be directly correlated with the amount of polyphenols as well as surfactants present in the reaction solution. Thus, the amount of polyphenols could be one of the crucial parameters determining the size and distribution of SNP. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry

Research paper thumbnail of Condition based maintenance of power transformer: A case study

Power transformers are important and expensive components in electric energy networks. Unplanned ... more Power transformers are important and expensive components in electric energy networks. Unplanned outages of power transformers has a higher economical impact, which motivates, preventive tests and diagnosis for tapping the benefit of predicting condition to optimize maintenance and increase reliability of power system. Application of advanced diagnostic techniques for power transformers, provide the means to enhance the conventional maintenance program. Therefore it is necessary to change from time based maintenance program to a condition based maintenance which uses some of the current diagnosis methods (e.g. Oil test, DGA, PD, Thermography etc.) to determine the condition of the transformer. A case study on condition based maintenance of power transformer by analyzing the DGA results and zeroing towards the problem through proper online and offline tests has been depicted in detail.

Research paper thumbnail of Tubercular Infection After Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Arthroscopy-the Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Post-traumatic shoulder joint dislocation in a very young child

Research paper thumbnail of Kimura disease of extremity: Unusual manifestation in a long bone