Robert Garot | John Jay College, CUNY (original) (raw)
Papers by Robert Garot
American Journal of Sociology, Mar 1, 2012
Mondi migranti, Mar 1, 2009
"It's the Way you Wear Them!" The Contradictions of Controlling Gang Members’ Dress... more "It's the Way you Wear Them!" The Contradictions of Controlling Gang Members’ Dress - This paper examines how politically charged meanings of dress are articulated and contested by staff and gang members. While school dress codes are often justified as a safety measure, the ways staff exercise authority by chastising students who violate the code may alienate students from school. Moreover, students’ ways of dressing are intractable to school control, first, in how they subtly use dress to manipulate the boundaries between such dichotomies as gang/non-gang, safe/dangerous, and overt/covert; and secondly, in the ways students embody dress. Hence, following McNeil (1988), I argue that schools and students are better served by a concentration on pedagogy, rather than control. Keywords dress code, gangs, social boundaries, school
Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, Feb 1, 2007
This article investigates how young people in an inner-city ecology invoke the relevance of gangs... more This article investigates how young people in an inner-city ecology invoke the relevance of gangs by demanding, “Where you from!” Such a challenge creates a lively venue for performing identity and emotional manipulation for both the instigator who offers the challenge and the respondent. Rather than conceptualizing young people as gang members and gangs as a static group, this analysis shows how the doing of gangs is strategic and context sensitive. Such an approach provides an alternative to conceptualizing identity, and especially gang identity, not as a fixed personal characteristic but as a sensual response to a moment’s vicissitudes.
Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, Dec 1, 2004
Although the emotion management perspective dominates the micro-sociological study of emotions, a... more Although the emotion management perspective dominates the micro-sociological study of emotions, a phenomenological approach provides access to phenomena that are inaccessible through emotion management. While the former shows the strategic management of one’s emotions to conform to norms, the latter reveals the myriad ways in which emotions move us. Indeed, if not for the poignant resonance of emotions in social life, emotions would hardly be worth “managing.” This article will employ a phenomenological perspective on emotions as they were expressed by applicants and workers in a Section 8 housing office throughout the course of eligibility interviews. I will show that despite giving off an impression of detachment and neutrality, workers are unavoidably sensitive to the emotional displays of applicants. Hence, a research agenda focusing on interpersonal emotional sensitivity is proposed as a complement to the conceptualization of emotions as managed.
Contemporary Sociology, Aug 26, 2014
Canadian society. Even more startling were the vast differences across Canada that women experien... more Canadian society. Even more startling were the vast differences across Canada that women experienced in fighting for equality. Marsden notes that in Quebec it took 14 bills introduced into the Quebec legislature from 1915 to 1940 before women achieved the right to vote, yet it was granted in Prince Edward Island in 1922 with little fight or opposition. The case studies that Marsden summarizes, while brief, do illustrate gender inequities within the law and reflect major turning points in the fight for gender equality. Irene Murdoch, an Alberta woman, lost her case after her divorce for an equitable division of the marital property in 1973. After 25 years of marriage and her devotion to working the family farm, the court ruled that her husband was entitled to retain the full property. Also, Emily Murphy, a prominent woman who challenged the Supreme Court in Canada in 1928 to rule that women were in fact ‘‘persons.’’ When the Supreme Court ruled against her she continued to fight by taking the case to the Privy Council in Britain. In 1929 it was finally declared that women were indeed ‘‘persons.’’ These cases not only reflect the struggle women had for equal status and rights but also how the existing laws did not reflect contemporary values and beliefs. More case studies and a discussion of them in greater detail would have strengthened the book as they bring to life the actors and activists involved and present opportunities to connect the personal and the political in historical context. While the dominant focus of this book to expose and illustrate both gender inequality and women’s activism in fighting for their rights and freedoms, there is a lack of sociological theory. Applying a critical feminist perspective and/or social movement theory to this historical text would have ground it within our discipline. A critical feminist perspective might question her statement that while she is ‘‘fully aware’’ of all other differences, her focus is exclusively on female/ male inequalities. The limited references to the experiences of minority women reinforce the myth that Canada’s colonial history is Canada’s history. Also, theories of collective action could have been used to provide a framework to understand individual activists, collective behaviors and political engagement for change. For example, Marsden states that ‘‘social changes can be successful through the focused action of a relatively small group of determined individuals with access to a power elite’’ (p. 180). While this text provides an important look at the struggle for gender equality in Canada and the extensive historical documents included are noteworthy, using critical feminist theory and/or social movement theories would have provided the necessary analytical tools and located this work within a body of sociological scholarship.
It is essential that you wrestle with the readings for each week, and mull over how they apply to... more It is essential that you wrestle with the readings for each week, and mull over how they apply to your own experience. I hope to open new perspectives to you, and what transforms "information" into a "perspective" that opens up new ways of thinking is wrestling with what you encounter. For each reading, I hope that you work to understand not just what the author is saying, but why. What received wisdom is she or he trying to challenge? With what ideas might they be competing? What is their evidence? I hope that you will enhance for yourself the value of what you read through the paired (and perhaps literally opposed) habits of mind of skepticism ("Ought I really believe that?") and suspended disbelief ("What if it were true?"). The idea is to foster an intense, searching class discussion. A great deal of learning happens in discussion, when one's new ideas, guesses, hunches, ideological convictions, and moral persuasions rub unexpectedly up against others'. I will assist this process through my questioning in class, and want you to have challenged each reading so that you, in turn, can be challenged by others in class. Please feel free to discuss topics further with me after class, or before class by appointment. Be sure to exchange phone numbers with two or three other students and form study groups. Requirements Weekly Presentation For this course, you are required to become an expert on one week's readings. You will be responsible for finding additional sociological and general literature from the library. Be sure to take time to discuss your presentation with me beforehand. You may use any of the props which are typically available in class to facilitate your presentation. Your presentation will be worth 10% of your course grade.
Journal of African American Studies, 2007
This study explores how young people in the inner-city draw upon “the code of the street,” the pa... more This study explores how young people in the inner-city draw upon “the code of the street,” the paradoxical notion that one must resort to violence to find security, as an incorrigible proposition, which members sustain even when providing evidence to the contrary. While “the code” may describe what young people would like to do when confronted with potential violence, both their reasons and methods for avoiding violence are artful and nuanced, expressed with a wit that can be quite liberatory.
Ethnography, 2003
We examine how the appearance of students in an inner-city US high school is articulated and cont... more We examine how the appearance of students in an inner-city US high school is articulated and contested by staff and students. Implemented to battle distractions of student culture that are thought to interfere with the school’s mission of developing the inner and more abstract aspects of character and competency, school dress codes ironically sustain a collective focus on the outermost, material layer of the self. Provoking and responding to the attention given to their dress, body adornment and hairstyle, the students elaborate their appearance into a living flesh of the self.
Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 2004
Although the emotion management perspective dominates the micro-sociological study of emotions, a... more Although the emotion management perspective dominates the micro-sociological study of emotions, a phenomenological approach provides access to phenomena that are inaccessible through emotion management. While the former shows the strategic management of one’s emotions to conform to norms, the latter reveals the myriad ways in which emotions move us. Indeed, if not for the poignant resonance of emotions in social life, emotions would hardly be worth “managing.” This article will employ a phenomenological perspective on emotions as they were expressed by applicants and workers in a Section 8 housing office throughout the course of eligibility interviews. I will show that despite giving off an impression of detachment and neutrality, workers are unavoidably sensitive to the emotional displays of applicants. Hence, a research agenda focusing on interpersonal emotional sensitivity is proposed as a complement to the conceptualization of emotions as managed.
Prisoner Reentry in the 21st Century, 2019
legislative branch to act, Bernanke and Timothy Geithner decided to offer immediate relief for bo... more legislative branch to act, Bernanke and Timothy Geithner decided to offer immediate relief for both U.S. and European banks and prompted JP Morgan-Chase to acquire Bear Stearns. Chapter Five shows that the longstanding fear of inflation died hard. Even when there was no sign of inflation in the ensuing months, many FOMC members, including the activists, were still concerned about the increased monetary supply. Outside the Federal Reserve, serious political blowback came from both parties during a heated election season. Bailing out Wall Street was unfair to the left and socialistic to the right. Chapter Six argues that, in response, the Federal Reserve allowed Lehman Brothers to fail in September 2008, a pivotal decision that triggered a full-on panic around the world. The fallout provided both the intellectual and political space for a new paradigm. Chapter Seven documents the end of this transformation. Although no one knew whether further monetary easing might generate price instability, the FOMC members became willing to escalate the intervention. As the target rate approached zero, the Federal Reserve could no longer just be a lender. It had to be a buyer, taking risky assets off the market. Chapter Eight summarizes the lessons, pointing out that technocratic control often deviates from the ideal. Scientific knowledge comes with limits, so even the most qualified economists have to act based on beliefs or gut feelings. No governmental agency is truly immune from political influences, especially when the decisions it makes will have profound political consequences. Overall, Stewards of the Market provides a detailed analysis of how the Federal Reserve transformed itself from a passive to an active regulator of the financial market. It is therefore a fascinating read for researchers in economic, political, and comparative/historical sociology. The book is equally an excellent resource for readers who are interested in the Federal Reserve and certain pivotal moments during the 2007–2008 financial crisis. Abolafia elegantly decodes the economic jargon with a pageturning narrative, making the book accessible to those intimidated by such topics. But Stewards of the Market is not just about the Federal Reserve or the financial crisis. It provides a compelling case study of how organizations could better adapt to a rapidly changing environment. In a time of crisis, we are more likely to be blinded by what we know than what we do not. An effective organization, therefore, should first recognize that it operates within various habitual ‘‘boxes’’ and seek to think outside of them. Methodology-wise, Abolafia’s masterful usage of public transcripts demonstrates that quality data are often hidden in plain sight. The book shows that much can be learned about an organization’s history, culture, and ideology by a thorough analysis of public records. This book leaves readers some challenging tasks to accomplish. Like many case studies, Stewards of the Market does not say much about scope conditions. Readers need to decide for themselves which lessons are unique to the Federal Reserve and which are applicable to other (technocrat) organizations. Relatedly, there is no specific instruction regarding how organizations could be better designed. Most of what the book offers is about the right mindset rather than the right decision-making process. The latter is perhaps more useful when we do not have the benefit of hindsight.
American Journal of Sociology, 2021
We examine how the appearance of students in an inner-city US high school is articulated and cont... more We examine how the appearance of students in an inner-city US high school is articulated and contested by staff and students. Implemented to battle distractions of student culture that are thought to interfere with the school's mission of developing the inner and more abstract aspects of character and competency, school dress codes ironically sustain a collective focus on the outermost, material layer of the self. Provoking and responding to the attention given to their dress, body adornment and hairstyle, the students elaborate their appearance into a living flesh of the self.
Like the meaning of swordplay in the film Rashomon, the meaning of urban street gangs varies with... more Like the meaning of swordplay in the film Rashomon, the meaning of urban street gangs varies with the interests of the perceiver. While a huge and growing range of quantitative data on gangs is based on positivistic assumptions that a young person either is or isn’t a gang member, for young people who engage with gangs on a daily basis, the meaning of being a gang member is much more situated, contingent on who is asking about gang membership, and what might be accomplished in a given instance by “claiming” membership in a gang. This paper will compare these two approaches to gangs, and highlight some of the pernicious consequences that may result when academics reify gangs to a greater extent than young people themselves.
... Also, thanks to supportive colleagues such as Leon Anderson, Peter Becker, Tim Berard, Stacy ... more ... Also, thanks to supportive colleagues such as Leon Anderson, Peter Becker, Tim Berard, Stacy Burns, Rob Col-lins, Paul Colomy, Sarah Beth Estes, Brigittine French, Joby Gardner, Doug Harper, Tony Jefferson, Donna Kaufman, Stephen Lyng, Martha Mazzarella, Norma ...
Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung Forum Qualitative Social Research, Nov 28, 2013
This article describes the varieties of relations with African immigrant interviewees in Tuscany ... more This article describes the varieties of relations with African immigrant interviewees in Tuscany as experienced by a white male interviewer from the United States. Franz FANON's discussion of the psycho-affective consequences of colonialism is vital for understanding how naïve and romantic notions of fieldwork relations are disingenuous, counter-productive and perhaps destructive in a neo-colonial landscape. Author Citation "When I arrived in this country, they asked me what made me leave Nigeria. I told them the reason why I left. I tell them the truth. Is it bad for somebody to say the truth?" From an interview with Leo 1 , a 24 year-old Nigerian, after he had received an order of expulsion from the Police in Florence
Kriminologisches Journal, 2012
American Journal of Sociology, Mar 1, 2012
Mondi migranti, Mar 1, 2009
"It's the Way you Wear Them!" The Contradictions of Controlling Gang Members’ Dress... more "It's the Way you Wear Them!" The Contradictions of Controlling Gang Members’ Dress - This paper examines how politically charged meanings of dress are articulated and contested by staff and gang members. While school dress codes are often justified as a safety measure, the ways staff exercise authority by chastising students who violate the code may alienate students from school. Moreover, students’ ways of dressing are intractable to school control, first, in how they subtly use dress to manipulate the boundaries between such dichotomies as gang/non-gang, safe/dangerous, and overt/covert; and secondly, in the ways students embody dress. Hence, following McNeil (1988), I argue that schools and students are better served by a concentration on pedagogy, rather than control. Keywords dress code, gangs, social boundaries, school
Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, Feb 1, 2007
This article investigates how young people in an inner-city ecology invoke the relevance of gangs... more This article investigates how young people in an inner-city ecology invoke the relevance of gangs by demanding, “Where you from!” Such a challenge creates a lively venue for performing identity and emotional manipulation for both the instigator who offers the challenge and the respondent. Rather than conceptualizing young people as gang members and gangs as a static group, this analysis shows how the doing of gangs is strategic and context sensitive. Such an approach provides an alternative to conceptualizing identity, and especially gang identity, not as a fixed personal characteristic but as a sensual response to a moment’s vicissitudes.
Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, Dec 1, 2004
Although the emotion management perspective dominates the micro-sociological study of emotions, a... more Although the emotion management perspective dominates the micro-sociological study of emotions, a phenomenological approach provides access to phenomena that are inaccessible through emotion management. While the former shows the strategic management of one’s emotions to conform to norms, the latter reveals the myriad ways in which emotions move us. Indeed, if not for the poignant resonance of emotions in social life, emotions would hardly be worth “managing.” This article will employ a phenomenological perspective on emotions as they were expressed by applicants and workers in a Section 8 housing office throughout the course of eligibility interviews. I will show that despite giving off an impression of detachment and neutrality, workers are unavoidably sensitive to the emotional displays of applicants. Hence, a research agenda focusing on interpersonal emotional sensitivity is proposed as a complement to the conceptualization of emotions as managed.
Contemporary Sociology, Aug 26, 2014
Canadian society. Even more startling were the vast differences across Canada that women experien... more Canadian society. Even more startling were the vast differences across Canada that women experienced in fighting for equality. Marsden notes that in Quebec it took 14 bills introduced into the Quebec legislature from 1915 to 1940 before women achieved the right to vote, yet it was granted in Prince Edward Island in 1922 with little fight or opposition. The case studies that Marsden summarizes, while brief, do illustrate gender inequities within the law and reflect major turning points in the fight for gender equality. Irene Murdoch, an Alberta woman, lost her case after her divorce for an equitable division of the marital property in 1973. After 25 years of marriage and her devotion to working the family farm, the court ruled that her husband was entitled to retain the full property. Also, Emily Murphy, a prominent woman who challenged the Supreme Court in Canada in 1928 to rule that women were in fact ‘‘persons.’’ When the Supreme Court ruled against her she continued to fight by taking the case to the Privy Council in Britain. In 1929 it was finally declared that women were indeed ‘‘persons.’’ These cases not only reflect the struggle women had for equal status and rights but also how the existing laws did not reflect contemporary values and beliefs. More case studies and a discussion of them in greater detail would have strengthened the book as they bring to life the actors and activists involved and present opportunities to connect the personal and the political in historical context. While the dominant focus of this book to expose and illustrate both gender inequality and women’s activism in fighting for their rights and freedoms, there is a lack of sociological theory. Applying a critical feminist perspective and/or social movement theory to this historical text would have ground it within our discipline. A critical feminist perspective might question her statement that while she is ‘‘fully aware’’ of all other differences, her focus is exclusively on female/ male inequalities. The limited references to the experiences of minority women reinforce the myth that Canada’s colonial history is Canada’s history. Also, theories of collective action could have been used to provide a framework to understand individual activists, collective behaviors and political engagement for change. For example, Marsden states that ‘‘social changes can be successful through the focused action of a relatively small group of determined individuals with access to a power elite’’ (p. 180). While this text provides an important look at the struggle for gender equality in Canada and the extensive historical documents included are noteworthy, using critical feminist theory and/or social movement theories would have provided the necessary analytical tools and located this work within a body of sociological scholarship.
It is essential that you wrestle with the readings for each week, and mull over how they apply to... more It is essential that you wrestle with the readings for each week, and mull over how they apply to your own experience. I hope to open new perspectives to you, and what transforms "information" into a "perspective" that opens up new ways of thinking is wrestling with what you encounter. For each reading, I hope that you work to understand not just what the author is saying, but why. What received wisdom is she or he trying to challenge? With what ideas might they be competing? What is their evidence? I hope that you will enhance for yourself the value of what you read through the paired (and perhaps literally opposed) habits of mind of skepticism ("Ought I really believe that?") and suspended disbelief ("What if it were true?"). The idea is to foster an intense, searching class discussion. A great deal of learning happens in discussion, when one's new ideas, guesses, hunches, ideological convictions, and moral persuasions rub unexpectedly up against others'. I will assist this process through my questioning in class, and want you to have challenged each reading so that you, in turn, can be challenged by others in class. Please feel free to discuss topics further with me after class, or before class by appointment. Be sure to exchange phone numbers with two or three other students and form study groups. Requirements Weekly Presentation For this course, you are required to become an expert on one week's readings. You will be responsible for finding additional sociological and general literature from the library. Be sure to take time to discuss your presentation with me beforehand. You may use any of the props which are typically available in class to facilitate your presentation. Your presentation will be worth 10% of your course grade.
Journal of African American Studies, 2007
This study explores how young people in the inner-city draw upon “the code of the street,” the pa... more This study explores how young people in the inner-city draw upon “the code of the street,” the paradoxical notion that one must resort to violence to find security, as an incorrigible proposition, which members sustain even when providing evidence to the contrary. While “the code” may describe what young people would like to do when confronted with potential violence, both their reasons and methods for avoiding violence are artful and nuanced, expressed with a wit that can be quite liberatory.
Ethnography, 2003
We examine how the appearance of students in an inner-city US high school is articulated and cont... more We examine how the appearance of students in an inner-city US high school is articulated and contested by staff and students. Implemented to battle distractions of student culture that are thought to interfere with the school’s mission of developing the inner and more abstract aspects of character and competency, school dress codes ironically sustain a collective focus on the outermost, material layer of the self. Provoking and responding to the attention given to their dress, body adornment and hairstyle, the students elaborate their appearance into a living flesh of the self.
Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 2004
Although the emotion management perspective dominates the micro-sociological study of emotions, a... more Although the emotion management perspective dominates the micro-sociological study of emotions, a phenomenological approach provides access to phenomena that are inaccessible through emotion management. While the former shows the strategic management of one’s emotions to conform to norms, the latter reveals the myriad ways in which emotions move us. Indeed, if not for the poignant resonance of emotions in social life, emotions would hardly be worth “managing.” This article will employ a phenomenological perspective on emotions as they were expressed by applicants and workers in a Section 8 housing office throughout the course of eligibility interviews. I will show that despite giving off an impression of detachment and neutrality, workers are unavoidably sensitive to the emotional displays of applicants. Hence, a research agenda focusing on interpersonal emotional sensitivity is proposed as a complement to the conceptualization of emotions as managed.
Prisoner Reentry in the 21st Century, 2019
legislative branch to act, Bernanke and Timothy Geithner decided to offer immediate relief for bo... more legislative branch to act, Bernanke and Timothy Geithner decided to offer immediate relief for both U.S. and European banks and prompted JP Morgan-Chase to acquire Bear Stearns. Chapter Five shows that the longstanding fear of inflation died hard. Even when there was no sign of inflation in the ensuing months, many FOMC members, including the activists, were still concerned about the increased monetary supply. Outside the Federal Reserve, serious political blowback came from both parties during a heated election season. Bailing out Wall Street was unfair to the left and socialistic to the right. Chapter Six argues that, in response, the Federal Reserve allowed Lehman Brothers to fail in September 2008, a pivotal decision that triggered a full-on panic around the world. The fallout provided both the intellectual and political space for a new paradigm. Chapter Seven documents the end of this transformation. Although no one knew whether further monetary easing might generate price instability, the FOMC members became willing to escalate the intervention. As the target rate approached zero, the Federal Reserve could no longer just be a lender. It had to be a buyer, taking risky assets off the market. Chapter Eight summarizes the lessons, pointing out that technocratic control often deviates from the ideal. Scientific knowledge comes with limits, so even the most qualified economists have to act based on beliefs or gut feelings. No governmental agency is truly immune from political influences, especially when the decisions it makes will have profound political consequences. Overall, Stewards of the Market provides a detailed analysis of how the Federal Reserve transformed itself from a passive to an active regulator of the financial market. It is therefore a fascinating read for researchers in economic, political, and comparative/historical sociology. The book is equally an excellent resource for readers who are interested in the Federal Reserve and certain pivotal moments during the 2007–2008 financial crisis. Abolafia elegantly decodes the economic jargon with a pageturning narrative, making the book accessible to those intimidated by such topics. But Stewards of the Market is not just about the Federal Reserve or the financial crisis. It provides a compelling case study of how organizations could better adapt to a rapidly changing environment. In a time of crisis, we are more likely to be blinded by what we know than what we do not. An effective organization, therefore, should first recognize that it operates within various habitual ‘‘boxes’’ and seek to think outside of them. Methodology-wise, Abolafia’s masterful usage of public transcripts demonstrates that quality data are often hidden in plain sight. The book shows that much can be learned about an organization’s history, culture, and ideology by a thorough analysis of public records. This book leaves readers some challenging tasks to accomplish. Like many case studies, Stewards of the Market does not say much about scope conditions. Readers need to decide for themselves which lessons are unique to the Federal Reserve and which are applicable to other (technocrat) organizations. Relatedly, there is no specific instruction regarding how organizations could be better designed. Most of what the book offers is about the right mindset rather than the right decision-making process. The latter is perhaps more useful when we do not have the benefit of hindsight.
American Journal of Sociology, 2021
We examine how the appearance of students in an inner-city US high school is articulated and cont... more We examine how the appearance of students in an inner-city US high school is articulated and contested by staff and students. Implemented to battle distractions of student culture that are thought to interfere with the school's mission of developing the inner and more abstract aspects of character and competency, school dress codes ironically sustain a collective focus on the outermost, material layer of the self. Provoking and responding to the attention given to their dress, body adornment and hairstyle, the students elaborate their appearance into a living flesh of the self.
Like the meaning of swordplay in the film Rashomon, the meaning of urban street gangs varies with... more Like the meaning of swordplay in the film Rashomon, the meaning of urban street gangs varies with the interests of the perceiver. While a huge and growing range of quantitative data on gangs is based on positivistic assumptions that a young person either is or isn’t a gang member, for young people who engage with gangs on a daily basis, the meaning of being a gang member is much more situated, contingent on who is asking about gang membership, and what might be accomplished in a given instance by “claiming” membership in a gang. This paper will compare these two approaches to gangs, and highlight some of the pernicious consequences that may result when academics reify gangs to a greater extent than young people themselves.
... Also, thanks to supportive colleagues such as Leon Anderson, Peter Becker, Tim Berard, Stacy ... more ... Also, thanks to supportive colleagues such as Leon Anderson, Peter Becker, Tim Berard, Stacy Burns, Rob Col-lins, Paul Colomy, Sarah Beth Estes, Brigittine French, Joby Gardner, Doug Harper, Tony Jefferson, Donna Kaufman, Stephen Lyng, Martha Mazzarella, Norma ...
Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung Forum Qualitative Social Research, Nov 28, 2013
This article describes the varieties of relations with African immigrant interviewees in Tuscany ... more This article describes the varieties of relations with African immigrant interviewees in Tuscany as experienced by a white male interviewer from the United States. Franz FANON's discussion of the psycho-affective consequences of colonialism is vital for understanding how naïve and romantic notions of fieldwork relations are disingenuous, counter-productive and perhaps destructive in a neo-colonial landscape. Author Citation "When I arrived in this country, they asked me what made me leave Nigeria. I told them the reason why I left. I tell them the truth. Is it bad for somebody to say the truth?" From an interview with Leo 1 , a 24 year-old Nigerian, after he had received an order of expulsion from the Police in Florence
Kriminologisches Journal, 2012