karthika paul | JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS University, Myosre (original) (raw)
Conference Presentations by karthika paul
COVID19 "Prepare Don't Panic", 2020
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly infectious and potentially fatal. Since there i... more The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly infectious and potentially fatal. Since there is no exact medicine, most of the countries started lockdown for indefinite time to avoid rapid spreading of disease. Despite for safety concern, practicing social distancing, lockdown and self-quarantine would be distressing for some. Although these negative feelings and thoughts are universal, the emotionally vulnerable group could be more substantially influenced by their emotional responses. Many research studies showed that psychiatric patients were at a higher risk of developing several disorders such as depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, worries about physical health, anger, irritability and suicidal ideation. Therefore engaging themselves in activities like exercise, indoor games, reading books etc instead of allowing ferocious thoughts in mind can overcome such mental issues.
INDIAN PHARMACEUTICAL CONGRESS, 2019
Nanotechnology is increasingly developing in scientific sector for the past few years since it ha... more Nanotechnology is increasingly developing in scientific sector for the past few years since it has abundant applications in almost all the areas. Nowadays silver nanoparticles are the most widely used in the industry due to their peculiar biocidal features. However, the use of these still runs into limitations mainly because of the low efficiency of environmental friendly synthesis methods. Alkalimetal borohydrides and amino borane complexes have been efficiently used as reducing agents in silver nanoparticle synthesis, however these agents have toxicity concerns. To obviate these issues, attempts to develop green synthesis alternative methods are employed in recent years. The green nanosynthesis refers to the employment of reducing and stabilizing agents from plants and other natural resources, to fabricate nanomaterials with less toxicity. Henceforth using naturally occurring reagents such as vitamins, sugars, plant extracts, biodegradable polymers, and microorganisms as reducing agents could be considered as attractive for synthesizing silver nanoparticles. The present review explores the various sources and its advantage over the hazardous reducing agents in silver nanoparticles synthesis as well as their potential therapeutic applications.
Papers by karthika paul
AAPS PharmSciTech, Nov 15, 2023
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Nov 30, 2023
Current pharmaceutical design, Feb 1, 2024
International Journal of Pharmaceutics
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology
The bioanalytical evaluation of paracetamol and pamabrom study had been developed using the RP-HP... more The bioanalytical evaluation of paracetamol and pamabrom study had been developed using the RP-HPLC method. The elution was done by the mobile phase containing ammonium formate and methanol. The separation was done by using the Hibar C18 column. The flow rate was adjusted to 1.0 ml/min with an injection volume of 20 µl. The wavelength of 268 nm was overlaid for analytical purposes. A volume of 25 µg/ml of internal standard (furosemide) was injected. Paracetamol and pamabrom showed retention time at 7.05 min and 10.02 min with no interference peak from internal standard showing a retention time at 11.97 min. The values of the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for paracetamol and pamabrom was found to be 0.03 µg/ml and 0.015 µg/ml; 0.1 µg/ml and 0.05 µg/ml respectively. The developed method was rapid, simple, accurate, precise, robust and selective. This method can be used for the simultaneous estimation of the solid oral dosage forms containing paracetmol and...
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology
The bioanalytical evaluation of paracetamol and pamabrom study had been developed using the RP-HP... more The bioanalytical evaluation of paracetamol and pamabrom study had been developed using the RP-HPLC method. The elution was done by the mobile phase containing ammonium formate and methanol. The separation was done by using the Hibar C18 column. The flow rate was adjusted to 1.0 ml/min with an injection volume of 20 µl. The wavelength of 268 nm was overlaid for analytical purposes. A volume of 25 µg/ml of internal standard (furosemide) was injected. Paracetamol and pamabrom showed retention time at 7.05 min and 10.02 min with no interference peak from internal standard showing a retention time at 11.97 min. The values of the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for paracetamol and pamabrom was found to be 0.03 µg/ml and 0.015 µg/ml; 0.1 µg/ml and 0.05 µg/ml respectively. The developed method was rapid, simple, accurate, precise, robust and selective. This method can be used for the simultaneous estimation of the solid oral dosage forms containing paracetmol and...
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly infectious and potentially fatal. Since there i... more The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly infectious and potentially fatal. Since there is no exact medicine, most of the countries started lockdown for indefinite time to avoid rapid spreading of disease. Despite for safety concern, practicing social distancing, lockdown and self-quarantine would be distressing for some. Although these negative feelings and thoughts are universal, the emotionally vulnerable group could be more substantially influenced by their emotional responses. Many research studies showed that psychiatric patients were at a higher risk of developing several disorders such as depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, worries about physical health, anger, irritability and suicidal ideation. Therefore engaging themselves in activities like exercise, indoor games, reading books etc instead of allowing ferocious thoughts in mind can overcome such mental issues.
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021
Darunavir (DRV) is a peptidic protease inhibitor class of antiretroviral drug which is regularly ... more Darunavir (DRV) is a peptidic protease inhibitor class of antiretroviral drug which is regularly included in the antiretroviral therapy with several other drugs to treat Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients to avoid those developing Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). In this research paper, an accurate, precise, reproducible, simple and rapid Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for quantifying DRV in the tablet dosage form (Danavir 600). The liquid chromatography was carried out on a Phenomenex C18 analytical column with dimensions of 250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm using a mixture of acetonitrile (ACN) and water in the ratio of 30:70 v/v as mobile phase. The sample was injected in a volume of 20 µl and determined at 268 nm with a flow rate of 1 ml/min (ACN:water). The retention time of standard and sample drug was found to be 3.16 and 3.12 min respectively. The linearity in the calibration curve was achieved for DRV in the concentration range of 40–200 µg/ml and the regression coefficient (R2) was found to be 0.982. The percentage recovery of DRV was obtained in the range of 98.10–103.65% indicated the great accuracy of the current method. Reproducibility and recovery studies with % relative standard deviation (%RSD) with intra and inter-day precision was found to be less than 2%, which proven a developed method was reproducible. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 0.31 and 0.96 µg/ml respectively. The method was validated as per the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines and can be strongly adopted for routine analysis of DRV since it is the most reliable and rapid approach. Even though a lot of work has been performed for estimating DRV in dosage forms, this study was found to be under green chemistry with the rapid and economical condition. Thus, the statistical validation of the data showed that the proposed method can be applied for the estimation of DRV in commercial tablets.
Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology
HIV & AIDS Review, 2016
Intend of the present exertion is to prepare b-cyclodextrin (b-CD) based polymeric nanosuspension... more Intend of the present exertion is to prepare b-cyclodextrin (b-CD) based polymeric nanosuspension (PNS) of Efavirenz (EFV) with enhanced aqueous solubility and dissolution rate as compared to pure drug. Background: EFV is a low aqueous soluble molecule because of which there is drug absorption problem. To overcome this problem polymeric nanosuspension were prepared using precipitation method which produced successful results. Materials and methods: Four formulations (b-CDPNS1, b-CDPNS2, b-CDPNS3 and b-CDPNS4) with varying drug-polymer ratios were prepared by precipitating drug-polymer physical mixtures dissolved in organic phase in an aqueous phase. Solid state characterization of b-CDPNS's were conducted using Xray powder diffraction (XRPD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-universal attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-UATR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine physical properties and to study the compatibility of EFV with pharmaceutical excipients. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies was performed for nanoparticles evaluation. Results: The mean diameter of the nanoparticles ranged between 143.8 and 284.4 nm and polydispersity index (Pdi) values for all the nanosuspensions were small (<0.30) indicating the uniform mono-disperse with zeta potential (mV) values ranging from À38.3 to À27.5 mV. SEM images revealed the layered morphology for all b-CDPNS. The solubility and dissolution profile of EFV nanosuspensions markedly increased when compared to the original drug. Kinetics of drug release mechanism was studied using eight mathematical models and found that the release profiles of b-CDPNS were best described by Weibull model with dissolution efficiency (DE) >60% in each formulation. Conclusion: Successful preparation and characterization of Efavirenz nanosuspension by solvent injection method has been accomplished in this study.
Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 2016
A rapid and sensitivity RP-HPLC method was proposed for the qualitative and quantitative estimati... more A rapid and sensitivity RP-HPLC method was proposed for the qualitative and quantitative estimation of Aceclofenac in dosage form. Aceclofenac had been chromatographed on a C18 column with a mobile phase buffer pH 5.0 and Acetonitrile in the ratio of 60:40v/v. The mobile phase was pumped at a flow rate 1ml/min. Etoricoxib was used as internal standard and elutents were monitored at 275nm. The retention time of the drug was 7-10 min. With this method linearity was observed between area under curve and concentration of Aceclofenac in the injected solution, in the range of 25-125μg/ml. The method was found to be applicable for the estimation of Aceclofenac in the dosage form. The results of analysis were validated statistically and recovery studies confirmed the accuracy of the proposed method.
Materials Today: Proceedings
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021
The present study was performed to find out the structural similarity of hydroalcoholic extract o... more The present study was performed to find out the structural similarity of hydroalcoholic extract of abutilon indicum and standard non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) using various analytical and chromatography techniques. The characterization was performed by fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), UV–Vis spectrophotometer, thin layer chromatography (TLC), and reverse-phase high phase liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Paracetamol and aceclofenac were used as standard NSAIDs. The FTIR peaks obtained for abutilon indicum were at wavenumber 2933.81, 2359.61, 1459.90, 762.73, 1640.09, 1559.74, and 3253.75 cm−1 confirms the presence of aromatic acid, hydroxyl group, and carboxylic groups. In addition, the UV–Vis profile showed peaks at 274 nm and 244.5 nm for abutilon indicum in methanol and sodium hydroxide respectively. Further, the TLC method showed the retention factor (Rf) values at 0.38 and 0.36 for abutilon indicum which were almost similar to Rf values of pa...
In silico structure activity relationship (SAR) evaluation is a very promising technique which fu... more In silico structure activity relationship (SAR) evaluation is a very promising technique which further gives an insight regarding the structural alerts for genotoxic substances present in active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). But the lethalness of such structural alerts is determined by their quantification and application of the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) and Staged TTC limits based approach which eventually determines the fate of all APIs possessing them. Thus chemical substances with their reporting threshold, identification threshold and qualification threshold within acceptable TTC limits may be permitted for consumption by human even though they are identified as a structural alert for genotoxicity. But the limitations which restrict the application of TTC approach are requirement of knowledge about the chemical structure of the genotoxic substance and the availability of human exposure data. Even though many concepts like TTC concept, compound-specific risk as...
Liver the largest gland of the body is at continuous risk of injury due to drugs, chemicals or fo... more Liver the largest gland of the body is at continuous risk of injury due to drugs, chemicals or foreign substances. Often the injuries depending upon the severity try to take a turn towards hepatocellular carcinoma. Cirrhosis is one of the common patterns of liver injury which is preceded by hepatitis and steatosis. F141L mutation of the HBsAg is held responsible for cirrhosis related injury. Mediators likeTGF-β1, TIMP 1 and 2 play an important role in cirrhosis with specific histological changes. Irreversible type of hypoxic injury is the other type of injury characterized by an elevated serum transaminase level with the formation of bleb on the plasma membrane and increase in MCP-1and MIP-2 proteins. Injury due to free radical can be characterized by the accumulation of amyloid protein and lipofuscin. Where as injury due to chemical is confirmed by their cytotoxic and cholestatic pattern of changes. Sometimes an increase in iron overload, as can be seen with of hemochromatosis, lea...
COVID19 "Prepare Don't Panic", 2020
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly infectious and potentially fatal. Since there i... more The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly infectious and potentially fatal. Since there is no exact medicine, most of the countries started lockdown for indefinite time to avoid rapid spreading of disease. Despite for safety concern, practicing social distancing, lockdown and self-quarantine would be distressing for some. Although these negative feelings and thoughts are universal, the emotionally vulnerable group could be more substantially influenced by their emotional responses. Many research studies showed that psychiatric patients were at a higher risk of developing several disorders such as depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, worries about physical health, anger, irritability and suicidal ideation. Therefore engaging themselves in activities like exercise, indoor games, reading books etc instead of allowing ferocious thoughts in mind can overcome such mental issues.
INDIAN PHARMACEUTICAL CONGRESS, 2019
Nanotechnology is increasingly developing in scientific sector for the past few years since it ha... more Nanotechnology is increasingly developing in scientific sector for the past few years since it has abundant applications in almost all the areas. Nowadays silver nanoparticles are the most widely used in the industry due to their peculiar biocidal features. However, the use of these still runs into limitations mainly because of the low efficiency of environmental friendly synthesis methods. Alkalimetal borohydrides and amino borane complexes have been efficiently used as reducing agents in silver nanoparticle synthesis, however these agents have toxicity concerns. To obviate these issues, attempts to develop green synthesis alternative methods are employed in recent years. The green nanosynthesis refers to the employment of reducing and stabilizing agents from plants and other natural resources, to fabricate nanomaterials with less toxicity. Henceforth using naturally occurring reagents such as vitamins, sugars, plant extracts, biodegradable polymers, and microorganisms as reducing agents could be considered as attractive for synthesizing silver nanoparticles. The present review explores the various sources and its advantage over the hazardous reducing agents in silver nanoparticles synthesis as well as their potential therapeutic applications.
AAPS PharmSciTech, Nov 15, 2023
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Nov 30, 2023
Current pharmaceutical design, Feb 1, 2024
International Journal of Pharmaceutics
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology
The bioanalytical evaluation of paracetamol and pamabrom study had been developed using the RP-HP... more The bioanalytical evaluation of paracetamol and pamabrom study had been developed using the RP-HPLC method. The elution was done by the mobile phase containing ammonium formate and methanol. The separation was done by using the Hibar C18 column. The flow rate was adjusted to 1.0 ml/min with an injection volume of 20 µl. The wavelength of 268 nm was overlaid for analytical purposes. A volume of 25 µg/ml of internal standard (furosemide) was injected. Paracetamol and pamabrom showed retention time at 7.05 min and 10.02 min with no interference peak from internal standard showing a retention time at 11.97 min. The values of the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for paracetamol and pamabrom was found to be 0.03 µg/ml and 0.015 µg/ml; 0.1 µg/ml and 0.05 µg/ml respectively. The developed method was rapid, simple, accurate, precise, robust and selective. This method can be used for the simultaneous estimation of the solid oral dosage forms containing paracetmol and...
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology
The bioanalytical evaluation of paracetamol and pamabrom study had been developed using the RP-HP... more The bioanalytical evaluation of paracetamol and pamabrom study had been developed using the RP-HPLC method. The elution was done by the mobile phase containing ammonium formate and methanol. The separation was done by using the Hibar C18 column. The flow rate was adjusted to 1.0 ml/min with an injection volume of 20 µl. The wavelength of 268 nm was overlaid for analytical purposes. A volume of 25 µg/ml of internal standard (furosemide) was injected. Paracetamol and pamabrom showed retention time at 7.05 min and 10.02 min with no interference peak from internal standard showing a retention time at 11.97 min. The values of the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for paracetamol and pamabrom was found to be 0.03 µg/ml and 0.015 µg/ml; 0.1 µg/ml and 0.05 µg/ml respectively. The developed method was rapid, simple, accurate, precise, robust and selective. This method can be used for the simultaneous estimation of the solid oral dosage forms containing paracetmol and...
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly infectious and potentially fatal. Since there i... more The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly infectious and potentially fatal. Since there is no exact medicine, most of the countries started lockdown for indefinite time to avoid rapid spreading of disease. Despite for safety concern, practicing social distancing, lockdown and self-quarantine would be distressing for some. Although these negative feelings and thoughts are universal, the emotionally vulnerable group could be more substantially influenced by their emotional responses. Many research studies showed that psychiatric patients were at a higher risk of developing several disorders such as depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, worries about physical health, anger, irritability and suicidal ideation. Therefore engaging themselves in activities like exercise, indoor games, reading books etc instead of allowing ferocious thoughts in mind can overcome such mental issues.
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021
Darunavir (DRV) is a peptidic protease inhibitor class of antiretroviral drug which is regularly ... more Darunavir (DRV) is a peptidic protease inhibitor class of antiretroviral drug which is regularly included in the antiretroviral therapy with several other drugs to treat Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients to avoid those developing Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). In this research paper, an accurate, precise, reproducible, simple and rapid Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for quantifying DRV in the tablet dosage form (Danavir 600). The liquid chromatography was carried out on a Phenomenex C18 analytical column with dimensions of 250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm using a mixture of acetonitrile (ACN) and water in the ratio of 30:70 v/v as mobile phase. The sample was injected in a volume of 20 µl and determined at 268 nm with a flow rate of 1 ml/min (ACN:water). The retention time of standard and sample drug was found to be 3.16 and 3.12 min respectively. The linearity in the calibration curve was achieved for DRV in the concentration range of 40–200 µg/ml and the regression coefficient (R2) was found to be 0.982. The percentage recovery of DRV was obtained in the range of 98.10–103.65% indicated the great accuracy of the current method. Reproducibility and recovery studies with % relative standard deviation (%RSD) with intra and inter-day precision was found to be less than 2%, which proven a developed method was reproducible. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 0.31 and 0.96 µg/ml respectively. The method was validated as per the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines and can be strongly adopted for routine analysis of DRV since it is the most reliable and rapid approach. Even though a lot of work has been performed for estimating DRV in dosage forms, this study was found to be under green chemistry with the rapid and economical condition. Thus, the statistical validation of the data showed that the proposed method can be applied for the estimation of DRV in commercial tablets.
Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology
HIV & AIDS Review, 2016
Intend of the present exertion is to prepare b-cyclodextrin (b-CD) based polymeric nanosuspension... more Intend of the present exertion is to prepare b-cyclodextrin (b-CD) based polymeric nanosuspension (PNS) of Efavirenz (EFV) with enhanced aqueous solubility and dissolution rate as compared to pure drug. Background: EFV is a low aqueous soluble molecule because of which there is drug absorption problem. To overcome this problem polymeric nanosuspension were prepared using precipitation method which produced successful results. Materials and methods: Four formulations (b-CDPNS1, b-CDPNS2, b-CDPNS3 and b-CDPNS4) with varying drug-polymer ratios were prepared by precipitating drug-polymer physical mixtures dissolved in organic phase in an aqueous phase. Solid state characterization of b-CDPNS's were conducted using Xray powder diffraction (XRPD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-universal attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-UATR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine physical properties and to study the compatibility of EFV with pharmaceutical excipients. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies was performed for nanoparticles evaluation. Results: The mean diameter of the nanoparticles ranged between 143.8 and 284.4 nm and polydispersity index (Pdi) values for all the nanosuspensions were small (<0.30) indicating the uniform mono-disperse with zeta potential (mV) values ranging from À38.3 to À27.5 mV. SEM images revealed the layered morphology for all b-CDPNS. The solubility and dissolution profile of EFV nanosuspensions markedly increased when compared to the original drug. Kinetics of drug release mechanism was studied using eight mathematical models and found that the release profiles of b-CDPNS were best described by Weibull model with dissolution efficiency (DE) >60% in each formulation. Conclusion: Successful preparation and characterization of Efavirenz nanosuspension by solvent injection method has been accomplished in this study.
Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 2016
A rapid and sensitivity RP-HPLC method was proposed for the qualitative and quantitative estimati... more A rapid and sensitivity RP-HPLC method was proposed for the qualitative and quantitative estimation of Aceclofenac in dosage form. Aceclofenac had been chromatographed on a C18 column with a mobile phase buffer pH 5.0 and Acetonitrile in the ratio of 60:40v/v. The mobile phase was pumped at a flow rate 1ml/min. Etoricoxib was used as internal standard and elutents were monitored at 275nm. The retention time of the drug was 7-10 min. With this method linearity was observed between area under curve and concentration of Aceclofenac in the injected solution, in the range of 25-125μg/ml. The method was found to be applicable for the estimation of Aceclofenac in the dosage form. The results of analysis were validated statistically and recovery studies confirmed the accuracy of the proposed method.
Materials Today: Proceedings
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021
The present study was performed to find out the structural similarity of hydroalcoholic extract o... more The present study was performed to find out the structural similarity of hydroalcoholic extract of abutilon indicum and standard non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) using various analytical and chromatography techniques. The characterization was performed by fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), UV–Vis spectrophotometer, thin layer chromatography (TLC), and reverse-phase high phase liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Paracetamol and aceclofenac were used as standard NSAIDs. The FTIR peaks obtained for abutilon indicum were at wavenumber 2933.81, 2359.61, 1459.90, 762.73, 1640.09, 1559.74, and 3253.75 cm−1 confirms the presence of aromatic acid, hydroxyl group, and carboxylic groups. In addition, the UV–Vis profile showed peaks at 274 nm and 244.5 nm for abutilon indicum in methanol and sodium hydroxide respectively. Further, the TLC method showed the retention factor (Rf) values at 0.38 and 0.36 for abutilon indicum which were almost similar to Rf values of pa...
In silico structure activity relationship (SAR) evaluation is a very promising technique which fu... more In silico structure activity relationship (SAR) evaluation is a very promising technique which further gives an insight regarding the structural alerts for genotoxic substances present in active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). But the lethalness of such structural alerts is determined by their quantification and application of the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) and Staged TTC limits based approach which eventually determines the fate of all APIs possessing them. Thus chemical substances with their reporting threshold, identification threshold and qualification threshold within acceptable TTC limits may be permitted for consumption by human even though they are identified as a structural alert for genotoxicity. But the limitations which restrict the application of TTC approach are requirement of knowledge about the chemical structure of the genotoxic substance and the availability of human exposure data. Even though many concepts like TTC concept, compound-specific risk as...
Liver the largest gland of the body is at continuous risk of injury due to drugs, chemicals or fo... more Liver the largest gland of the body is at continuous risk of injury due to drugs, chemicals or foreign substances. Often the injuries depending upon the severity try to take a turn towards hepatocellular carcinoma. Cirrhosis is one of the common patterns of liver injury which is preceded by hepatitis and steatosis. F141L mutation of the HBsAg is held responsible for cirrhosis related injury. Mediators likeTGF-β1, TIMP 1 and 2 play an important role in cirrhosis with specific histological changes. Irreversible type of hypoxic injury is the other type of injury characterized by an elevated serum transaminase level with the formation of bleb on the plasma membrane and increase in MCP-1and MIP-2 proteins. Injury due to free radical can be characterized by the accumulation of amyloid protein and lipofuscin. Where as injury due to chemical is confirmed by their cytotoxic and cholestatic pattern of changes. Sometimes an increase in iron overload, as can be seen with of hemochromatosis, lea...
Insulin resistance associated with type 2 DM is the cause for the development of syndrome X, whic... more Insulin resistance associated with type 2 DM is the cause for the development of syndrome X, which further deteriorates the quality of life by giving rise to other disorders such as CVD, NAFLD, PCOS, many types of cancers and complications. Complications associated with DM are again subject to ethnic variation, proved based on exclusive study of XbaI(-) allele of GLUT1 gene. Study of the relative expression rates of such GLUT transporters is of prognostic importance towards certain condition associated DM as can be seen with gestational DM. Immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry detected the additional presence of GLUT4 in the lymphocyte of type 2 diabetic patient but not in type1diabetes patient, thus acting as a marker for type 2 DM. Presence of tumor in diabetics can worsen diabetic complications because of the liberation of HMGB1 protein, capable of binding with RAGE, which further activates MAPK signaling pathway. A thorough study of AGE-RAGE interaction suggests that expressio...
An Optimized LC-MS condition was proposed for the estimation in human plasma. Cetrizine had been ... more An Optimized LC-MS condition was proposed for the estimation in human plasma. Cetrizine had been chromatographed on a C18 column with a mobile phase Water and Methanol in the ratio of 60:40v/v. the mobile phase was pumped in the flow rate of 0.5ml/min. Erythromycin was used as an internal standard and eluents were monitored at 749 nm. The data presented in this report were validated for the estimation of cetrizine in human plasma over a concentration range of 10.0-600.0 ng/ml. The precision and accuracy are very much within the prescribed limit in this concentration ranges. The values obtained from the system suitability studies demonstrate the suitability of the system for the analysis of Cetrizine in plasma. Limit of Detection of the method was 3.0ng/ml and Limit of Quantization was 10.0ng/ml which shows that the developed method has adequate sensitivity and also more than 50 samples can be processed at a time without affecting the assay values. The method developed was accurate, ...