T.S. Sathyanarayana Rao | Jss University (original) (raw)

Papers by T.S. Sathyanarayana Rao

Research paper thumbnail of Endoxifen: A new, protein kinase C inhibitor to treat acute and mixed mania associated with bipolar I disorder

Objectives: Endoxifen is a protein kinase C inhibitor. The objective of the present phase III stu... more Objectives: Endoxifen is a protein kinase C inhibitor. The objective of the present phase III study was to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of endoxifen in treating bipolar I disorder (BPD I) patients. Methods: A multicenter, double-blind, active-controlled study was conducted using a daily dose of 8 mg endoxifen compared to 1000 mg divalproex, the current standard treatment, in patients with BPD I acute manic episodes with/without How to cite this article: Ahmad A, Sheikh S, Khan MA, et al. Endoxifen: A new, protein kinase C inhibitor to treat acute and mixed mania associated with bipolar I disorder. Bipolar

Research paper thumbnail of Agenda for specialty section in addiction medicine

Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Marital Rape in India

Journal of Psychosexual Health SSH 4.4., 2022

Research paper thumbnail of SSH 4.4 Binder F 211 263 (1)

Journal of Psychosexual Health , 2022

and the Maldives, SAARC rates apply: individuals £80; institutional rate £125. Prices include pos... more and the Maldives, SAARC rates apply: individuals £80; institutional rate £125. Prices include postage. Print subscriptions are available for institutions at a discounted rate.

Research paper thumbnail of Suicide prevention is possible: A perception after suicide attempt

Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 2012

relationships, family conflicts, domestic violence, academic failure, disappointment in love, rec... more relationships, family conflicts, domestic violence, academic failure, disappointment in love, recent bereavement and other stressful life events. [5-12] Research reveals that 98% of those who committed suicide had suffered from some diagnosable mental disorder especially adjustment disorder, depression, substance use disorders and physical illness. [13-17] Irrespective of aetiology of suicide or suicide attempt various methods of intervention have been proposed for prevention of suicide at different levels. [18-22] There have been several recent reviews on interventions that are considered effective in reducing suicide rates. [13,23-27] Most interventions for prevention of suicide emphasise the active role of health care provider. Suicide experts have identified the preventive interventions like providing education and awareness How to cite this article: Ram D, Darshan MS, Rao T, Honagodu AR. Suicide prevention is possible: A perception after suicide attempt.

Research paper thumbnail of Comorbid Psychiatric and Physical Disorders

Schizophrenia Treatment Outcomes, 2020

Schizophrenia is a complex, disabling mental illness with an early onset and chronic course. The ... more Schizophrenia is a complex, disabling mental illness with an early onset and chronic course. The course of the illness as well as the prognosis is further complicated by the presence of psychiatric and physical comorbidities. Patients with schizophrenia have a reduced life expectancy, and suicide alone is responsible for a significant proportion of this increased mortality. Substance use disorders also significantly add to the morbidity, along with anxiety and depressive disorders which are commonly seen in this population. They also have a much higher incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and pulmonary disease compared to that of the general population. Some of these disorders may predate the schizophrenia onset, and some may emerge post the onset. The social withdrawal and cognitive deficits associated with the condition could hinder early detection and clinical management of comorbidities; therefore, it is imperative that the mental health team remains vigilant in screening these patients for potentially preventable coexisting disorders. In this chapter, we review the evidence regarding the psychiatric and physical comorbidities in patients with schizophrenia, including possible etiological models, management guidelines, and strategies in reducing barriers to health care in patients with schizophrenia.

Research paper thumbnail of Sexual functioning during the lockdown period in India: An online survey

Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 2021

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of lockdown on sexual functioning in India. In addit... more Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of lockdown on sexual functioning in India. In addition, impact of lockdown on relationship with the partner and mental health was evaluated. Materials and Methods: An online survey was conducted using changes in sexual functioning questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire-4, and a self-designed questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the participants was 41.5 (standard deviation: 11.2; range: 22–77; median: 39.5) years, with the majority being males 385 (85.6%). The participants reported that lockdown led to reduction in the frequency of sexual intercourse and also touching the partner (fondling, caressing, touching, or kissing) when not indulging in sexual intercourse. Majority of the participants reported improvement in the overall relationship, communication with the partner, and interpersonal conflicts. About two-fifths of the participants reported engaging in sexual intercourse more than twice a week or more. About one-fifth screened positive for psychiatric morbidity, with 14.2% screened positive for anxiety, 14.8% screened positive for depression and 8.7% screened positive for both. In both genders, presence of depression and anxiety were associated with lower sexual functioning in all the domains. Conclusion: Lockdown led to a reduction in the frequency of sexual intercourse, and reduction in the frequency of intimacy in the form of fondling, caressing, touching, or kissing partner when not doing sexual intercourse. However, lockdown led to the improvement in overall relationship and communication with the partners and a reduction in interpersonal conflicts.

Research paper thumbnail of Psycho-Education in Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia Treatment Outcomes, 2020

Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder characterised by change in a person’s perception,... more Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder characterised by change in a person’s perception, thoughts, behaviour, and cognitive functions. The illness has a chronic course which causes significant disturbance in various aspects of a person’s life including social, occupational, and functional aspects. The effective management of schizophrenia has to be a combined approach including both pharmacotherapy and psychosocial interventions which have to be tailor-made considering the symptomatology and the phase of illness so that the patient and the family get the maximum benefits. Psycho-education is an integral part of the acute as well as long-term management of schizophrenia. Psycho-education improves the level of understanding of people about schizophrenia and ensures active participation of both the patients and their caregivers in the treatment.

Research paper thumbnail of Aβ(42) induced MRI changes in aged rabbit brain resembles AD brain

Neurochemistry International, 2011

Alzheimer's disease is the most c... more Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia and is structurally characterized by brain atrophy and loss of brain volume. Aβ is one of the widely accepted causative factors of AD. Aβ deposition is positively correlated with brain atrophy in AD. In the present study, structural brain imaging techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) were used to measure neuroanatomical alterations in Alzheimer's disease brain. MRI is a non-invasive method to study brain structure. The objective of the present study was to elucidate the role of Aβ on brain structure in the aged rabbit brain. Among 20 aged rabbits, one batch (n=10) rabbits was injected chronically with Aβ(1-42) and another batch (n=10) with saline. The MRI was conducted before Aβ(1-42)/saline injection and after 45 days of Aβ(1-42)/saline injection. All the aged rabbits underwent MRI analysis and were euthanized after 45 days. The MRI results showed a significant reduction in thickness of frontal lobe, hippocampus, midbrain, temporal lobe and increases in the lateral ventricle volume. We also conducted an MRI study on AD (n=10) and normal (n=10) cases and analyzed for the thicknesses of frontal lobe, hippocampus, midbrain, temporal lobe and lateral ventricle lobe. We found significant reductions in thickness of the frontal lobe and the hippocampus. However, no significant reduction in the thickness of midbrain, temporal lobe or increase in the lateral ventricle volume was observed compared to normal. Correlations in brain atrophy changes between rabbit brain and human AD brain were found for frontal lobe and hippocampal regions. In contrast, other regions such as midbrain, temporal lobe, and lateral ventricles were not correlated with rabbit brain atrophy changes in the corresponding regions. The relevance of these changes in AD is discussed.

Research paper thumbnail of Relationship between consanguinity and depression in a south Indian population

Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 2009

Depression has a complex etiology and often results from a combination of multiple factors. The s... more Depression has a complex etiology and often results from a combination of multiple factors. The syndromal depression is linked to physical changes in the brain and to an imbalance of neurotransmitters that carries signals in brain and nerves. Some of the more common factors involved in triggering depression are: Family history, which includes genetics, trauma and stress, which includes financial problems, breaks in relationships or the death of a loved one and other lifechanging events such as starting a new job, graduating from school or getting married. Further, pessimistic personality traits like low self-esteem and a negative outlook lead to higher risk of becoming depressed. Sometimes serious medical conditions like heart disease, cancer, and HIV can play a significant role in causing depression. [1-4] However, there are very limited studies interlinking consanguinity and depression. Consanguinity of marriages is prevalent in some communities in the Indian population, especially in south

Research paper thumbnail of Psychosexual Health and Sexual Medicine in Consultation–Liaison Psychiatry

Indian Journal of Psychiatry , 2022

Sex and sexuality are the primal instincts of civilizations. They form the central core of social... more Sex and sexuality are the primal instincts of civilizations.
They form the central core of social bonds, couple
dynamics, relationships, intimacy, and reproduction.
It is a well‑established fact that sexual expressions and
manifestations are biopsychosocial constructs and have
heavy bearing on cultural and ecological contexts. Classically,
three dimensions of sexuality have been defined: desire,
attachment, and reproduction. Exploring these complex
multidimensional interactions forms the basis of psychosexual
health, which is in turn integral to sexual medicine. As defined
by Masters and Johnsons in their classic Textbook of Sexual
Medicine, sexual medicine is “that branch of medicine that
focuses on the evaluation and treatment of sexual disorders,
which have a high prevalence rate.” Interestingly, even
though psychosexual disorders are predominantly dealt
with by psychiatrists, their etiology may be multifaceted
including other medical comorbidities and iatrogenic
causes. This brings us to the importance of consultation–
liaison psychiatry (CLP) while dealing with sexuality and
sexual concerns.

Research paper thumbnail of Forensic and Legal Aspects of Sexuality, Sexual Offences, Sexual Dysfunctions, and Disorders

Indian Journal of Psychiatry , 2022

Psychiatry has always been multifaceted in nature, dealing with varying shades of human mind and ... more Psychiatry has always been multifaceted in nature, dealing
with varying shades of human mind and behavior. As the law
of the land governs human behavior in civilized society, the
intersection of law and mental health is but obvious. Over the
years of evolution of psychiatry as a field, it has developed
several subspecialties of training and practice. One such
intriguing field that deals with the above‑mentioned
construct of “human behavior, its disorders, and the law”
is Forensic Psychiatry. Keeping in line with the growing
“human rights” approach in mental health, this branch of
psychiatry uses scientific and clinical treatise to deal with
legal implications in civil, criminal, and legislative matters.
Although still in adolescence and a developing stream,
literature on forensic psychiatry spans across criminal
responsibility in mental illness, civil rights, consumerism,
suicide, juvenile justice, testamentary capacity, public
interest litigation, and finally the various aspects of human
relationships and sexuality.[1] These attributes are dealt with
various other articles of this issue as this one specifically talks
about the last aspect: human sexuality, relationships, related
offences, and the law.

Research paper thumbnail of Polyamines modulate events mediated by the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex through an ifenprodil-insensitive pathway: in vivo measurements of …

Neuropharmacology, 1991

In the present investigation, the effects of polyamines, spermidine and spermine on events mediat... more In the present investigation, the effects of polyamines, spermidine and spermine on events mediated by the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex were examined. Spermine and spermidine did not alter basal levels of cyclic GMP (cGMP) in the cerebellum of the mouse, over a wide range of concentrations. However, exogenously added spermine, spermidine, D- and L-ornithine and putrescine attenuated the increases in cGMP seen after the administration of D-serine, an agonist of the NMDA receptor-associated glycine recognition sites. Spermine and/or spermidine also antagonized harmaline-, methamphetamine- and pentylenetetrazol-induced increases in the levels of cGMP. Spermidine also potentiated (+)-MK-801 (dizocilipine)-induced attenuation of basal levels of cGMP. Intracerebroventricular administration of ifenprodil, a suggested polyamine antagonist, did not antagonize spermine- and spermidine-induced attenuation of the response to D-serine. These data suggest that exogenously added polyamines attenuate events mediated by the NMDA receptor complex, in an ifenprodil-insensitive manner.

Research paper thumbnail of Serum Trace Element Levels and the Complexity of Inter-Element Relations In Patients With Parkinson's Disease

Journal of Trace …, 2004

Trace elements have been postulated to play a role in Parkinson&a... more Trace elements have been postulated to play a role in Parkinson's disease (PD). In order to elucidate whether changes in the serum levels of trace elements reflect the progression of PD, we assessed serum levels of 12 elements (Na, K, Fe, Al, Cu, Zn, Ca, Mg, Mn, Si, P and S) in early PD, severe PD and normal subjects, using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The concentrations in micromol/ml, the relative mole percentage distribution and inter-element relations were computed. Statistical analysis of these data showed a definite pattern of variation among certain elements in early and severe PD compared to controls. In both early and severe PD serum, Al and S concentrations were significantly decreased (p<0.05) compared to the controls. Fe (p<0.01) and Zn (p<0.05) concentrations were significantly lower in severe PD, while K, Mg, Cu (p < 0.01) and P (p < 0.05) concentrations were higher in early and severe PD compared to the controls. The data revealed an imbalance in the inter-element relations in both early and severe PD serum compared to controls, as shown by the direct and inverse correlations. These results suggest a disturbance in the element homeostasis during the progression of PD.

Research paper thumbnail of SSH 3.1 1-96 Binder cx

Research paper thumbnail of SSH 2 3 4 Binder low res

Journal of Psychosexual Health , 2020

to address all aspects of sexuality, sexual health, psychology of sexual behavior, and psychiatri... more to address all aspects of sexuality, sexual health, psychology of sexual behavior, and psychiatric aspects of sexual medicine practice, with a focus on publishing well-conducted research and scholarly, peerreviewed articles. To ensure transparency and quality, the journal follows a rigorous double-blind peer-review process. It hopes to serve as a conduit to articulate the holistic needs of patients, caregivers, and medical practitioners alike. The goal is also to amalgamate all medical, surgical, and other allied branches related to sexual medicine practice into a single unified entity that can transcend barriers in communication and function as a quintessential broadcast for the latest views and pioneer advances in the field. As a first dedicated journal on psychosexual health and sexual medicine in Asia Pacific, in general, and in India, in particular, this journal encompasses a broad gamut of topics such as sexual practices, sexual development, its impact on interpersonal relationships between partners and emotional well-being, the LGBT community, gender dysphoria, sociocultural aspects of human sexuality, basics of sexuality, sexual practice, sexual dysfunctions, sexual disorders, sexual problems in specific populations, evaluation and management, related medical topics, sexual abuse, legal aspects, evolution of sexuality through time, impact of media, and sex education in schools, community, and medical institutions. The journal accepts original research, systematic and narrative reviews, contemporary viewpoints, commentaries, reflective narratives, book reviews, case reports, and a special "Art Column" for literary and socio-cultural discourse on sexuality and sexual health. The journal as a primer offers contemporary vistas in human sexuality.

Research paper thumbnail of Uncertainty, Sex and Sexuality during the Pandemic: Impact on Psychosocial Resilience

Intech Open , 2021

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a global unprecedented health threat. B... more The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a global unprecedented health threat. Besides the myriad of effects on public health, the psychosocial implications of the outbreak have been far-fetched. Though the increased prevalence of psychiatric disorders, reduced access to care and social vulnerabilities have been highlighted in literature, the immense impact on sexuality and psychosexual health tends to be silent. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines sexual health as "a state of physical, emotional, mental and social wellbeing in relation to sexuality; it is not merely the absence of disease, dysfunction or infirmity." Sexual practices and intimacy have been influenced by more ways than one, namely fear of infection, ambiguity about viral spread, misinformation, physical distancing, travel restrictions, intimate partner violence and deprivation of 'social touch'. The frontline workers, socioeconomically impoverished groups, age and sexual minorities are especially affected. Sexual and reproductive rights are compromised due to reduced help-seeking, panic and stigma related to the outbreak. Psychological resilience helps one navigate through stressful situations and assumes a special importance during the ongoing crisis. This chapter reviews the multifaceted intersections between sexual health and resilience, highlights the possible roles of pandemic-related uncertainty and advocates for certain guidelines to promote and preserve healthy expressions of sexuality for coping during COVID-19.

Research paper thumbnail of "The Graying Minority": Lived Experiences and Psychosocial Challenges of Older Transgender Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic in India, A Qualitative Exploration

Frontier Psychology , 2021

Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a global health threat. Certai... more Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a global health threat. Certain factors like age, an immunocompromised state, and social impoverishment, etc. can add to health vulnerabilities during this pandemic. One such group is older transgender adults, who often bear a combination of these risks. As the world is aging fast, their numbers have also been increasing. With this in mind, this study explores the lived experiences and psychosocial challenges of older transgender adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in India. Methods: A qualitative approach was used. Ten individuals with "transgender" identity above the age of 60 were recruited with consent through purposive sampling. In-depth interviews were conducted on the telephone using a pre-designed interview schedule. They were recorded, translated, and transcribed verbatim. Hasse's adaptation of Colaizzi's phenomenological method was used for analysis. Independent coding and respondent validation were used to ensure the rigor of data. Results: The super-arching categories (with themes) were marginalization ("second" priority, stigma, social disconnection), the dual burden of "age" and "gender" (ageism, othering, and psychosexual difficulties), and multi-faceted survival threats (physical, emotional, financial) during the pandemic. Social rituals, spirituality, hope, and acceptance of "gender dissonance" emerged as the main coping factors, whereas their unmet needs were social inclusion, awareness related to COVID-19, mental health care, and audience to their distress. Conclusion: The elderly gender minorities are at increased emotional and social risks during the ongoing pandemic, and their voices are mostly unheard. The need for policy implementation and community awareness about their social welfare is vital to improving their health and well-being.

Research paper thumbnail of Psychosocial Framework of Resilience: Navigating Needs and Adversities During the Pandemic, A Qualitative Exploration in the Indian Frontline Physicians

Frontier Psychology, 2021

Conclusion: The study findings support the global call for better psychosocial health and quality... more Conclusion: The study findings support the global call for better psychosocial health and quality of life of the frontline HCWs. Their "unheard voices" explored in the study can anchor subsequent resilience-enhancing interventions and policies. Guidelines focusing on the psychological wellbeing of frontline HCWs need to be grounded in their unmet needs and lived experiences.

Research paper thumbnail of " Intimacy" at Times of COVID-19: The Renewed Impetus Behind Cybersex

Journal of Psychosexual Health , 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Endoxifen: A new, protein kinase C inhibitor to treat acute and mixed mania associated with bipolar I disorder

Objectives: Endoxifen is a protein kinase C inhibitor. The objective of the present phase III stu... more Objectives: Endoxifen is a protein kinase C inhibitor. The objective of the present phase III study was to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of endoxifen in treating bipolar I disorder (BPD I) patients. Methods: A multicenter, double-blind, active-controlled study was conducted using a daily dose of 8 mg endoxifen compared to 1000 mg divalproex, the current standard treatment, in patients with BPD I acute manic episodes with/without How to cite this article: Ahmad A, Sheikh S, Khan MA, et al. Endoxifen: A new, protein kinase C inhibitor to treat acute and mixed mania associated with bipolar I disorder. Bipolar

Research paper thumbnail of Agenda for specialty section in addiction medicine

Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Marital Rape in India

Journal of Psychosexual Health SSH 4.4., 2022

Research paper thumbnail of SSH 4.4 Binder F 211 263 (1)

Journal of Psychosexual Health , 2022

and the Maldives, SAARC rates apply: individuals £80; institutional rate £125. Prices include pos... more and the Maldives, SAARC rates apply: individuals £80; institutional rate £125. Prices include postage. Print subscriptions are available for institutions at a discounted rate.

Research paper thumbnail of Suicide prevention is possible: A perception after suicide attempt

Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 2012

relationships, family conflicts, domestic violence, academic failure, disappointment in love, rec... more relationships, family conflicts, domestic violence, academic failure, disappointment in love, recent bereavement and other stressful life events. [5-12] Research reveals that 98% of those who committed suicide had suffered from some diagnosable mental disorder especially adjustment disorder, depression, substance use disorders and physical illness. [13-17] Irrespective of aetiology of suicide or suicide attempt various methods of intervention have been proposed for prevention of suicide at different levels. [18-22] There have been several recent reviews on interventions that are considered effective in reducing suicide rates. [13,23-27] Most interventions for prevention of suicide emphasise the active role of health care provider. Suicide experts have identified the preventive interventions like providing education and awareness How to cite this article: Ram D, Darshan MS, Rao T, Honagodu AR. Suicide prevention is possible: A perception after suicide attempt.

Research paper thumbnail of Comorbid Psychiatric and Physical Disorders

Schizophrenia Treatment Outcomes, 2020

Schizophrenia is a complex, disabling mental illness with an early onset and chronic course. The ... more Schizophrenia is a complex, disabling mental illness with an early onset and chronic course. The course of the illness as well as the prognosis is further complicated by the presence of psychiatric and physical comorbidities. Patients with schizophrenia have a reduced life expectancy, and suicide alone is responsible for a significant proportion of this increased mortality. Substance use disorders also significantly add to the morbidity, along with anxiety and depressive disorders which are commonly seen in this population. They also have a much higher incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and pulmonary disease compared to that of the general population. Some of these disorders may predate the schizophrenia onset, and some may emerge post the onset. The social withdrawal and cognitive deficits associated with the condition could hinder early detection and clinical management of comorbidities; therefore, it is imperative that the mental health team remains vigilant in screening these patients for potentially preventable coexisting disorders. In this chapter, we review the evidence regarding the psychiatric and physical comorbidities in patients with schizophrenia, including possible etiological models, management guidelines, and strategies in reducing barriers to health care in patients with schizophrenia.

Research paper thumbnail of Sexual functioning during the lockdown period in India: An online survey

Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 2021

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of lockdown on sexual functioning in India. In addit... more Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of lockdown on sexual functioning in India. In addition, impact of lockdown on relationship with the partner and mental health was evaluated. Materials and Methods: An online survey was conducted using changes in sexual functioning questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire-4, and a self-designed questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the participants was 41.5 (standard deviation: 11.2; range: 22–77; median: 39.5) years, with the majority being males 385 (85.6%). The participants reported that lockdown led to reduction in the frequency of sexual intercourse and also touching the partner (fondling, caressing, touching, or kissing) when not indulging in sexual intercourse. Majority of the participants reported improvement in the overall relationship, communication with the partner, and interpersonal conflicts. About two-fifths of the participants reported engaging in sexual intercourse more than twice a week or more. About one-fifth screened positive for psychiatric morbidity, with 14.2% screened positive for anxiety, 14.8% screened positive for depression and 8.7% screened positive for both. In both genders, presence of depression and anxiety were associated with lower sexual functioning in all the domains. Conclusion: Lockdown led to a reduction in the frequency of sexual intercourse, and reduction in the frequency of intimacy in the form of fondling, caressing, touching, or kissing partner when not doing sexual intercourse. However, lockdown led to the improvement in overall relationship and communication with the partners and a reduction in interpersonal conflicts.

Research paper thumbnail of Psycho-Education in Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia Treatment Outcomes, 2020

Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder characterised by change in a person’s perception,... more Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder characterised by change in a person’s perception, thoughts, behaviour, and cognitive functions. The illness has a chronic course which causes significant disturbance in various aspects of a person’s life including social, occupational, and functional aspects. The effective management of schizophrenia has to be a combined approach including both pharmacotherapy and psychosocial interventions which have to be tailor-made considering the symptomatology and the phase of illness so that the patient and the family get the maximum benefits. Psycho-education is an integral part of the acute as well as long-term management of schizophrenia. Psycho-education improves the level of understanding of people about schizophrenia and ensures active participation of both the patients and their caregivers in the treatment.

Research paper thumbnail of Aβ(42) induced MRI changes in aged rabbit brain resembles AD brain

Neurochemistry International, 2011

Alzheimer's disease is the most c... more Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia and is structurally characterized by brain atrophy and loss of brain volume. Aβ is one of the widely accepted causative factors of AD. Aβ deposition is positively correlated with brain atrophy in AD. In the present study, structural brain imaging techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) were used to measure neuroanatomical alterations in Alzheimer's disease brain. MRI is a non-invasive method to study brain structure. The objective of the present study was to elucidate the role of Aβ on brain structure in the aged rabbit brain. Among 20 aged rabbits, one batch (n=10) rabbits was injected chronically with Aβ(1-42) and another batch (n=10) with saline. The MRI was conducted before Aβ(1-42)/saline injection and after 45 days of Aβ(1-42)/saline injection. All the aged rabbits underwent MRI analysis and were euthanized after 45 days. The MRI results showed a significant reduction in thickness of frontal lobe, hippocampus, midbrain, temporal lobe and increases in the lateral ventricle volume. We also conducted an MRI study on AD (n=10) and normal (n=10) cases and analyzed for the thicknesses of frontal lobe, hippocampus, midbrain, temporal lobe and lateral ventricle lobe. We found significant reductions in thickness of the frontal lobe and the hippocampus. However, no significant reduction in the thickness of midbrain, temporal lobe or increase in the lateral ventricle volume was observed compared to normal. Correlations in brain atrophy changes between rabbit brain and human AD brain were found for frontal lobe and hippocampal regions. In contrast, other regions such as midbrain, temporal lobe, and lateral ventricles were not correlated with rabbit brain atrophy changes in the corresponding regions. The relevance of these changes in AD is discussed.

Research paper thumbnail of Relationship between consanguinity and depression in a south Indian population

Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 2009

Depression has a complex etiology and often results from a combination of multiple factors. The s... more Depression has a complex etiology and often results from a combination of multiple factors. The syndromal depression is linked to physical changes in the brain and to an imbalance of neurotransmitters that carries signals in brain and nerves. Some of the more common factors involved in triggering depression are: Family history, which includes genetics, trauma and stress, which includes financial problems, breaks in relationships or the death of a loved one and other lifechanging events such as starting a new job, graduating from school or getting married. Further, pessimistic personality traits like low self-esteem and a negative outlook lead to higher risk of becoming depressed. Sometimes serious medical conditions like heart disease, cancer, and HIV can play a significant role in causing depression. [1-4] However, there are very limited studies interlinking consanguinity and depression. Consanguinity of marriages is prevalent in some communities in the Indian population, especially in south

Research paper thumbnail of Psychosexual Health and Sexual Medicine in Consultation–Liaison Psychiatry

Indian Journal of Psychiatry , 2022

Sex and sexuality are the primal instincts of civilizations. They form the central core of social... more Sex and sexuality are the primal instincts of civilizations.
They form the central core of social bonds, couple
dynamics, relationships, intimacy, and reproduction.
It is a well‑established fact that sexual expressions and
manifestations are biopsychosocial constructs and have
heavy bearing on cultural and ecological contexts. Classically,
three dimensions of sexuality have been defined: desire,
attachment, and reproduction. Exploring these complex
multidimensional interactions forms the basis of psychosexual
health, which is in turn integral to sexual medicine. As defined
by Masters and Johnsons in their classic Textbook of Sexual
Medicine, sexual medicine is “that branch of medicine that
focuses on the evaluation and treatment of sexual disorders,
which have a high prevalence rate.” Interestingly, even
though psychosexual disorders are predominantly dealt
with by psychiatrists, their etiology may be multifaceted
including other medical comorbidities and iatrogenic
causes. This brings us to the importance of consultation–
liaison psychiatry (CLP) while dealing with sexuality and
sexual concerns.

Research paper thumbnail of Forensic and Legal Aspects of Sexuality, Sexual Offences, Sexual Dysfunctions, and Disorders

Indian Journal of Psychiatry , 2022

Psychiatry has always been multifaceted in nature, dealing with varying shades of human mind and ... more Psychiatry has always been multifaceted in nature, dealing
with varying shades of human mind and behavior. As the law
of the land governs human behavior in civilized society, the
intersection of law and mental health is but obvious. Over the
years of evolution of psychiatry as a field, it has developed
several subspecialties of training and practice. One such
intriguing field that deals with the above‑mentioned
construct of “human behavior, its disorders, and the law”
is Forensic Psychiatry. Keeping in line with the growing
“human rights” approach in mental health, this branch of
psychiatry uses scientific and clinical treatise to deal with
legal implications in civil, criminal, and legislative matters.
Although still in adolescence and a developing stream,
literature on forensic psychiatry spans across criminal
responsibility in mental illness, civil rights, consumerism,
suicide, juvenile justice, testamentary capacity, public
interest litigation, and finally the various aspects of human
relationships and sexuality.[1] These attributes are dealt with
various other articles of this issue as this one specifically talks
about the last aspect: human sexuality, relationships, related
offences, and the law.

Research paper thumbnail of Polyamines modulate events mediated by the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex through an ifenprodil-insensitive pathway: in vivo measurements of …

Neuropharmacology, 1991

In the present investigation, the effects of polyamines, spermidine and spermine on events mediat... more In the present investigation, the effects of polyamines, spermidine and spermine on events mediated by the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex were examined. Spermine and spermidine did not alter basal levels of cyclic GMP (cGMP) in the cerebellum of the mouse, over a wide range of concentrations. However, exogenously added spermine, spermidine, D- and L-ornithine and putrescine attenuated the increases in cGMP seen after the administration of D-serine, an agonist of the NMDA receptor-associated glycine recognition sites. Spermine and/or spermidine also antagonized harmaline-, methamphetamine- and pentylenetetrazol-induced increases in the levels of cGMP. Spermidine also potentiated (+)-MK-801 (dizocilipine)-induced attenuation of basal levels of cGMP. Intracerebroventricular administration of ifenprodil, a suggested polyamine antagonist, did not antagonize spermine- and spermidine-induced attenuation of the response to D-serine. These data suggest that exogenously added polyamines attenuate events mediated by the NMDA receptor complex, in an ifenprodil-insensitive manner.

Research paper thumbnail of Serum Trace Element Levels and the Complexity of Inter-Element Relations In Patients With Parkinson's Disease

Journal of Trace …, 2004

Trace elements have been postulated to play a role in Parkinson&a... more Trace elements have been postulated to play a role in Parkinson's disease (PD). In order to elucidate whether changes in the serum levels of trace elements reflect the progression of PD, we assessed serum levels of 12 elements (Na, K, Fe, Al, Cu, Zn, Ca, Mg, Mn, Si, P and S) in early PD, severe PD and normal subjects, using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The concentrations in micromol/ml, the relative mole percentage distribution and inter-element relations were computed. Statistical analysis of these data showed a definite pattern of variation among certain elements in early and severe PD compared to controls. In both early and severe PD serum, Al and S concentrations were significantly decreased (p<0.05) compared to the controls. Fe (p<0.01) and Zn (p<0.05) concentrations were significantly lower in severe PD, while K, Mg, Cu (p < 0.01) and P (p < 0.05) concentrations were higher in early and severe PD compared to the controls. The data revealed an imbalance in the inter-element relations in both early and severe PD serum compared to controls, as shown by the direct and inverse correlations. These results suggest a disturbance in the element homeostasis during the progression of PD.

Research paper thumbnail of SSH 3.1 1-96 Binder cx

Research paper thumbnail of SSH 2 3 4 Binder low res

Journal of Psychosexual Health , 2020

to address all aspects of sexuality, sexual health, psychology of sexual behavior, and psychiatri... more to address all aspects of sexuality, sexual health, psychology of sexual behavior, and psychiatric aspects of sexual medicine practice, with a focus on publishing well-conducted research and scholarly, peerreviewed articles. To ensure transparency and quality, the journal follows a rigorous double-blind peer-review process. It hopes to serve as a conduit to articulate the holistic needs of patients, caregivers, and medical practitioners alike. The goal is also to amalgamate all medical, surgical, and other allied branches related to sexual medicine practice into a single unified entity that can transcend barriers in communication and function as a quintessential broadcast for the latest views and pioneer advances in the field. As a first dedicated journal on psychosexual health and sexual medicine in Asia Pacific, in general, and in India, in particular, this journal encompasses a broad gamut of topics such as sexual practices, sexual development, its impact on interpersonal relationships between partners and emotional well-being, the LGBT community, gender dysphoria, sociocultural aspects of human sexuality, basics of sexuality, sexual practice, sexual dysfunctions, sexual disorders, sexual problems in specific populations, evaluation and management, related medical topics, sexual abuse, legal aspects, evolution of sexuality through time, impact of media, and sex education in schools, community, and medical institutions. The journal accepts original research, systematic and narrative reviews, contemporary viewpoints, commentaries, reflective narratives, book reviews, case reports, and a special "Art Column" for literary and socio-cultural discourse on sexuality and sexual health. The journal as a primer offers contemporary vistas in human sexuality.

Research paper thumbnail of Uncertainty, Sex and Sexuality during the Pandemic: Impact on Psychosocial Resilience

Intech Open , 2021

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a global unprecedented health threat. B... more The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a global unprecedented health threat. Besides the myriad of effects on public health, the psychosocial implications of the outbreak have been far-fetched. Though the increased prevalence of psychiatric disorders, reduced access to care and social vulnerabilities have been highlighted in literature, the immense impact on sexuality and psychosexual health tends to be silent. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines sexual health as "a state of physical, emotional, mental and social wellbeing in relation to sexuality; it is not merely the absence of disease, dysfunction or infirmity." Sexual practices and intimacy have been influenced by more ways than one, namely fear of infection, ambiguity about viral spread, misinformation, physical distancing, travel restrictions, intimate partner violence and deprivation of 'social touch'. The frontline workers, socioeconomically impoverished groups, age and sexual minorities are especially affected. Sexual and reproductive rights are compromised due to reduced help-seeking, panic and stigma related to the outbreak. Psychological resilience helps one navigate through stressful situations and assumes a special importance during the ongoing crisis. This chapter reviews the multifaceted intersections between sexual health and resilience, highlights the possible roles of pandemic-related uncertainty and advocates for certain guidelines to promote and preserve healthy expressions of sexuality for coping during COVID-19.

Research paper thumbnail of "The Graying Minority": Lived Experiences and Psychosocial Challenges of Older Transgender Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic in India, A Qualitative Exploration

Frontier Psychology , 2021

Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a global health threat. Certai... more Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a global health threat. Certain factors like age, an immunocompromised state, and social impoverishment, etc. can add to health vulnerabilities during this pandemic. One such group is older transgender adults, who often bear a combination of these risks. As the world is aging fast, their numbers have also been increasing. With this in mind, this study explores the lived experiences and psychosocial challenges of older transgender adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in India. Methods: A qualitative approach was used. Ten individuals with "transgender" identity above the age of 60 were recruited with consent through purposive sampling. In-depth interviews were conducted on the telephone using a pre-designed interview schedule. They were recorded, translated, and transcribed verbatim. Hasse's adaptation of Colaizzi's phenomenological method was used for analysis. Independent coding and respondent validation were used to ensure the rigor of data. Results: The super-arching categories (with themes) were marginalization ("second" priority, stigma, social disconnection), the dual burden of "age" and "gender" (ageism, othering, and psychosexual difficulties), and multi-faceted survival threats (physical, emotional, financial) during the pandemic. Social rituals, spirituality, hope, and acceptance of "gender dissonance" emerged as the main coping factors, whereas their unmet needs were social inclusion, awareness related to COVID-19, mental health care, and audience to their distress. Conclusion: The elderly gender minorities are at increased emotional and social risks during the ongoing pandemic, and their voices are mostly unheard. The need for policy implementation and community awareness about their social welfare is vital to improving their health and well-being.

Research paper thumbnail of Psychosocial Framework of Resilience: Navigating Needs and Adversities During the Pandemic, A Qualitative Exploration in the Indian Frontline Physicians

Frontier Psychology, 2021

Conclusion: The study findings support the global call for better psychosocial health and quality... more Conclusion: The study findings support the global call for better psychosocial health and quality of life of the frontline HCWs. Their "unheard voices" explored in the study can anchor subsequent resilience-enhancing interventions and policies. Guidelines focusing on the psychological wellbeing of frontline HCWs need to be grounded in their unmet needs and lived experiences.

Research paper thumbnail of " Intimacy" at Times of COVID-19: The Renewed Impetus Behind Cybersex

Journal of Psychosexual Health , 2021