Jerry Schnepp | Judson University (original) (raw)

Papers by Jerry Schnepp

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2018

Learning Outcome: To describe the differences in micronutrient intakes by glycemic status to guid... more Learning Outcome: To describe the differences in micronutrient intakes by glycemic status to guide nutrition therapy efforts to improve nutrition status of individuals with diabetes. Background: The dietary management of diabetes is focused on glucose control; however, intake of certain micronutrients that are important in carbohydrate metabolism may be insufficient in the diet. Identifying gaps in dietary intakes, especially micronutrients, will support more comprehensive diabetes management efforts. Methods: To determine differences in micronutrient intakes, glycated hemoglobin and dietary intake data (n¼20,206) from the 2005-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for US adults 30 years and older. Glycemic control was classified with glycated hemoglobin (A1c) values: Nondiabetes (<5.7%); Prediabetes (5.7-6.4%); Controlled Diabetes (6.5-6.9%); and Poorly Controlled Diabetes (!7%). Dietary intakes were assessed in the mobile examination center using the automated multiple pass method from intakes reported from the prior day. Nutrient intakes were estimated using the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Surveys and were compared to the DRI estimated average requirement and adequate intake levels. Results: Nondiabetes adults had significantly higher intakes (P<0.05) of thiamin, niacin, vitamin B6, vitamin C, magnesium and potassium intakes compared to those with elevated A1c. Across all adults, vitamins D, E, K, and C, as well as fiber, choline, magnesium and calcium were least likely to meet intake recommendations, with those with higher level of A1c being more likely to not meet recommended intakes. Conclusions: Adults with higher levels of A1c had significantly lower micronutrient intakes and greater likelihood to not meet recommended intake levels. Efforts to optimize dietary intakes to promote optimal nutrition status will need to account for micronutrient gaps at group and individual levels.

Educators continually strive to increase student engagement and deep learning in their classrooms... more Educators continually strive to increase student engagement and deep learning in their classrooms. This pursuit has led to a proliferation of evidence-based pedagogy shared widely in conferences, journals, books, and professional organizations that focus on the scholarship of teaching and learning (SOTL). Still, implementing consistently effective and engaging learning experiences remains elusive to many teachers. Educators tend to experiment with different approaches. They adopt those that are effective and discard the ones that are not. While this is a reasonable approach, it often fails to leverage an immensely valuable resource: students. Participatory curriculum design (PCD) provides students the opportunity to co-create their own coursework. It frames the classroom context as one that is emergent and collaborative. Students take the responsibility to ideate, formalize, implement, and participate in learning experiences including classroom activities, presentations, projects, a...

Universal Access in the Information Society, 2015

Deafness is not simply a barrier of sound, but also a barrier of language. Those born deaf do not... more Deafness is not simply a barrier of sound, but also a barrier of language. Those born deaf do not use spoken (or written) language as their primary language, but prefer to use sign language instead [1]. This group faces barriers to education, social services, and employment opportunities because the written form as well as the voiced form of spoken languages is inaccessible [2-5]. Sign language translation and avatar technology has the potential for creating better access to both forms of spoken language. This collected volume is based on presentations given at the symposium ''Sign Language Translation and Avatar Technology (SLTAT),'' held in

Universal Access in the Information Society, 2015

Generating sentences from a library of signs implemented through a sparse set of key frames deriv... more Generating sentences from a library of signs implemented through a sparse set of key frames derived from the segmental structure of a phonetic model of ASL has the advantage of flexibility and efficiency, but lacks the lifelike detail of motion capture. These difficulties are compounded when faced with realtime generation and display. This paper describes a technique for automatically adding realism without the expense of manually animating the requisite detail. The new technique layers transparently over and modifies the primary motions dictated by the segmental model, and does so with very little computational cost, enabling real-time production and display. The paper also discusses avatar optimizations that can lower the rendering overhead in real-time displays.

Proceedings of the 14th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility - ASSETS '12, 2012

Translating from English to American Sign Language (ASL) requires an avatar to display synthesize... more Translating from English to American Sign Language (ASL) requires an avatar to display synthesized ASL. Essential to the language are nonmanual signals that appear on the face. Previous avatars were hampered by an inability to portray emotion and facial nonmanual signals that occur at the same time. A new animation system addresses this challenge. Animations produced by the new system were tested with 40 members of the Deaf community in the United States. For each animation, participants were able to identify both nonmanual signals and emotional states. Co-occurring question nonmanuals and affect information were distinguishable, which is particularly striking because the two processes can move an avatar's brows in opposing directions.

… and Persons with …, 2007

... FINGERSPELLING RECOGNITION Rosalee Wolfe, Nora Alba, Stacey Billups, Mary Jo Davidson, Cindy ... more ... FINGERSPELLING RECOGNITION Rosalee Wolfe, Nora Alba, Stacey Billups, Mary Jo Davidson, Cindy Dwyer, Diana Jamrozik*, Lori Smallwood, Karen Alkoby, Lesley Carhart, Damien Hinkle, Amy Hitt, Brian Kirchman, Glenn ... [WILCOX 92] Sherman Wilcox. ...

The proceedings of the 13th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility - ASSETS '11, 2011

Our new fingerspelling practice software displays realistic animations of fingerspelling, includi... more Our new fingerspelling practice software displays realistic animations of fingerspelling, including naturalistic transitions between letters that were previously impossible. Introduction Fingerspelling is an important component of American Sign Language (ASL) and is a necessary skill for complete communication in sign [BATTISON 78]. Padden found that fingerspelling makes up 7 to 10 percent of the signs produced in everyday ASL conversations [Mulrooney 02]. Fingerspelling is useful for spelling proper nouns, technical terms, acronyms, initialized signs, loan signs and words from foreign languages. When fingerspelling, people use their dominant hand to create a series of manual symbols, one corresponding to each letter of the word. A person fluent in ASL can produce fingerspelled words at a rate of four characters per second. In contrast, the fingerspelling recognition rate for people learning sign language is far lower. Acquisition of fingerspelling recognition skills typically lags ...

An essential component of an automatic speech‐to‐sign translator is a method of representing and ... more An essential component of an automatic speech‐to‐sign translator is a method of representing and depicting the target language. Unlike many spoken languages, sign languages do not have a universally‐ accepted written form, and depicting it convincingly is an open question. The goal of our work is to develop a representation capable of synthesizing novel utterances of American Sign Language (ASL) as realistic and believable 3D animations. Any representation must be flexible enough to modify vocabulary algorithmically so that it conforms to the grammatical structure of ASL. Additionally, realism is necessary because a viewer should not be distracted by differences between animations signed by an avatar and video of utterances produced by a human signer. Animations signed by an avatar should be as easy to understand as video of a human signer. A survey of the state of the art for modeling, rigging and animating a 3D character reveals a well‐ established body of knowledge used in films ...

Students from the millennial generation have come to expect highly developed and engaging academi... more Students from the millennial generation have come to expect highly developed and engaging academic tools including those used to assess their performance. Keeping up with these expectations can be a daunting task for educators. However, the creative use of gamification, customization and on-demand supplemental material can potentially lead to a more engaging assessment experience. This presentation will focus on the topic of gamification and the millennial generation. The audience will participate in an open dialogue about how gaming and other engaging approaches can play a role in the summative assessment process.

ICERI2018 Proceedings, 2018

The Collab Lab at Bowling Green State University (BGSU) is a hands-on, creative space for student... more The Collab Lab at Bowling Green State University (BGSU) is a hands-on, creative space for students, faculty, staff and community members to engage in collaborative work. Its goal is to support teams of collaborators working together to conceive, create, develop and refine new ideas for teaching innovation, progressive research, and venture development. All of this is done by leveraging the unique talents inherent to the University community. We designed the Collab Lab to be the ideal place for teams to come together. It is located on the first floor of the university library and features configurable collaboration spaces and rapid prototyping tools such as 3-D scanners and printers, digital video equipment, virtual reality headsets, and a universal laser cutter. This paper presents our approach to the design and programming the Collab Lab, including a summary of our first year’s activities. It describes how we promote creativity and innovation through the framework of design thinking and collaborative work.

The EASEL application is a learning tool which puts an emphasis on the student's interaction with... more The EASEL application is a learning tool which puts an emphasis on the student's interaction with her/his learning environment and her/his reflection of that interaction. EASEL draws up on basic theories of constructivism and metacognition. Many learning tools provide an opportunity for students to reflect on her/his work a student may be asked to write a journal entry or take a postassignment survey based on an experiential learning event. However, this type of data is often collected long after the event resulting in the loss of important insights and opportunities for analysis.

Massive amounts of data Tedious to create Difficult to manipulate Motion Capture: Even worse at t... more Massive amounts of data Tedious to create Difficult to manipulate Motion Capture: Even worse at time 0f, HipsBone.rotation.controller.value = (angleAxis 0 [-1,0,0]) at time 11f, HipsBone.rotation.controller.value = (angleAxis 0 [-1,0,0]) at time 38f, HipsBone.rotation.controller.value = (angleAxis 0 [-1,0,0]) at time 43f, HipsBone.rotation.controller.value = (angleAxis 0 [-1,0,0]) at time 53f, HipsBone.rotation.controller.value = (angleAxis 0 [-1,0,0]) at time 56f, HipsBone.rotation.controller.value = (angleAxis 0 [-1,0,0]) at time 61f, HipsBone.rotation.controller.value = (angleAxis 0 [-1,0,0]) at time 69f, HipsBone.rotation.controller.value = (angleAxis 0 [-1,0,0]) at time 80f, HipsBone.rotation.controller.value = (angleAxis 0 [-1,0,0]) at time 92f, HipsBone.rotation.controller.value = (angleAxis 0 [-1,0,0]) at time 101f, HipsBone.rotation.controller.value = (angleAxis 0 [-1,0,0]) at time 114f, HipsBone.rotation.controller.value = (angleAxis 0 [-1,0,0]) at time 0f, HipsTwistBone.r...

Many applications in computer animation portray the motion of a human arm and torso. Often such a... more Many applications in computer animation portray the motion of a human arm and torso. Often such applications can benefit from a combination of Inverse (IK) and Forward (FK) Kinematics controls to manipulate the arms of the model. The human arm is a kinematic chain with seven degrees of freedom. The previous analytic solution to this kinematic chain gives highly detailed IK controls, but problems arise when integrating it with FK controls. These problems impede the artistic process when creating expressive animations. This work improves on the previous analytic solution to create a hybrid FK/IK control interface for manipulating the chain, and enables the recalculation of all the parameters necessary for the IK solution. Thus IK and FK controls can interact seamlessly to manipulate the arm. The torso is modeled as a separate kinematic chain, and is integrated with the arm linkages. User tests demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the combined FK/IK control interface.

For educators, creating and administering effective evaluation tools can be arduous. Tests and qu... more For educators, creating and administering effective evaluation tools can be arduous. Tests and quizzes, the traditional approach, must be challenging enough to assess the student’s mastery of course material, yet not so difficult as to frustrate and dishearten. Additionally, instructors must account for the inevitable range of student aptitude in each class. Part of evaluation involves rewarding prepared students with high scores and penalizing neglectful students with low scores. Hence, there is a delicate balance. If an exam is too easy, all students receive high scores and there is no incentive for good students to prepare. Too difficult, even average students will fail. Evaluating student performance is a complex undertaking, as aptitude is not the only consideration. Factors such as stress can lead to poor scores. Students are often intimidated when asked to compose answers to exam questions. This is especially true for exams requiring detailed technical answers. Low confidence...

Proceedings of the 13th ACM International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments, 2020

An animated sign language dictionary is a valuable resource for caregivers learning to communicat... more An animated sign language dictionary is a valuable resource for caregivers learning to communicate with residents who use sign language. This case study reports on the development of such a tool using the human-centered design methodology. Through interviews and observations with key stakeholders, we realized that our efforts could benefit a broader population that included the residents themselves. The result of this thoughtful approach is an application that is accessible across multiple platforms and features interaction modalities to accommodate the needs of various user groups.

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2018

Learning Outcome: To describe the differences in micronutrient intakes by glycemic status to guid... more Learning Outcome: To describe the differences in micronutrient intakes by glycemic status to guide nutrition therapy efforts to improve nutrition status of individuals with diabetes. Background: The dietary management of diabetes is focused on glucose control; however, intake of certain micronutrients that are important in carbohydrate metabolism may be insufficient in the diet. Identifying gaps in dietary intakes, especially micronutrients, will support more comprehensive diabetes management efforts. Methods: To determine differences in micronutrient intakes, glycated hemoglobin and dietary intake data (n¼20,206) from the 2005-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for US adults 30 years and older. Glycemic control was classified with glycated hemoglobin (A1c) values: Nondiabetes (<5.7%); Prediabetes (5.7-6.4%); Controlled Diabetes (6.5-6.9%); and Poorly Controlled Diabetes (!7%). Dietary intakes were assessed in the mobile examination center using the automated multiple pass method from intakes reported from the prior day. Nutrient intakes were estimated using the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Surveys and were compared to the DRI estimated average requirement and adequate intake levels. Results: Nondiabetes adults had significantly higher intakes (P<0.05) of thiamin, niacin, vitamin B6, vitamin C, magnesium and potassium intakes compared to those with elevated A1c. Across all adults, vitamins D, E, K, and C, as well as fiber, choline, magnesium and calcium were least likely to meet intake recommendations, with those with higher level of A1c being more likely to not meet recommended intakes. Conclusions: Adults with higher levels of A1c had significantly lower micronutrient intakes and greater likelihood to not meet recommended intake levels. Efforts to optimize dietary intakes to promote optimal nutrition status will need to account for micronutrient gaps at group and individual levels.

Educators continually strive to increase student engagement and deep learning in their classrooms... more Educators continually strive to increase student engagement and deep learning in their classrooms. This pursuit has led to a proliferation of evidence-based pedagogy shared widely in conferences, journals, books, and professional organizations that focus on the scholarship of teaching and learning (SOTL). Still, implementing consistently effective and engaging learning experiences remains elusive to many teachers. Educators tend to experiment with different approaches. They adopt those that are effective and discard the ones that are not. While this is a reasonable approach, it often fails to leverage an immensely valuable resource: students. Participatory curriculum design (PCD) provides students the opportunity to co-create their own coursework. It frames the classroom context as one that is emergent and collaborative. Students take the responsibility to ideate, formalize, implement, and participate in learning experiences including classroom activities, presentations, projects, a...

Universal Access in the Information Society, 2015

Deafness is not simply a barrier of sound, but also a barrier of language. Those born deaf do not... more Deafness is not simply a barrier of sound, but also a barrier of language. Those born deaf do not use spoken (or written) language as their primary language, but prefer to use sign language instead [1]. This group faces barriers to education, social services, and employment opportunities because the written form as well as the voiced form of spoken languages is inaccessible [2-5]. Sign language translation and avatar technology has the potential for creating better access to both forms of spoken language. This collected volume is based on presentations given at the symposium ''Sign Language Translation and Avatar Technology (SLTAT),'' held in

Universal Access in the Information Society, 2015

Generating sentences from a library of signs implemented through a sparse set of key frames deriv... more Generating sentences from a library of signs implemented through a sparse set of key frames derived from the segmental structure of a phonetic model of ASL has the advantage of flexibility and efficiency, but lacks the lifelike detail of motion capture. These difficulties are compounded when faced with realtime generation and display. This paper describes a technique for automatically adding realism without the expense of manually animating the requisite detail. The new technique layers transparently over and modifies the primary motions dictated by the segmental model, and does so with very little computational cost, enabling real-time production and display. The paper also discusses avatar optimizations that can lower the rendering overhead in real-time displays.

Proceedings of the 14th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility - ASSETS '12, 2012

Translating from English to American Sign Language (ASL) requires an avatar to display synthesize... more Translating from English to American Sign Language (ASL) requires an avatar to display synthesized ASL. Essential to the language are nonmanual signals that appear on the face. Previous avatars were hampered by an inability to portray emotion and facial nonmanual signals that occur at the same time. A new animation system addresses this challenge. Animations produced by the new system were tested with 40 members of the Deaf community in the United States. For each animation, participants were able to identify both nonmanual signals and emotional states. Co-occurring question nonmanuals and affect information were distinguishable, which is particularly striking because the two processes can move an avatar's brows in opposing directions.

… and Persons with …, 2007

... FINGERSPELLING RECOGNITION Rosalee Wolfe, Nora Alba, Stacey Billups, Mary Jo Davidson, Cindy ... more ... FINGERSPELLING RECOGNITION Rosalee Wolfe, Nora Alba, Stacey Billups, Mary Jo Davidson, Cindy Dwyer, Diana Jamrozik*, Lori Smallwood, Karen Alkoby, Lesley Carhart, Damien Hinkle, Amy Hitt, Brian Kirchman, Glenn ... [WILCOX 92] Sherman Wilcox. ...

The proceedings of the 13th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility - ASSETS '11, 2011

Our new fingerspelling practice software displays realistic animations of fingerspelling, includi... more Our new fingerspelling practice software displays realistic animations of fingerspelling, including naturalistic transitions between letters that were previously impossible. Introduction Fingerspelling is an important component of American Sign Language (ASL) and is a necessary skill for complete communication in sign [BATTISON 78]. Padden found that fingerspelling makes up 7 to 10 percent of the signs produced in everyday ASL conversations [Mulrooney 02]. Fingerspelling is useful for spelling proper nouns, technical terms, acronyms, initialized signs, loan signs and words from foreign languages. When fingerspelling, people use their dominant hand to create a series of manual symbols, one corresponding to each letter of the word. A person fluent in ASL can produce fingerspelled words at a rate of four characters per second. In contrast, the fingerspelling recognition rate for people learning sign language is far lower. Acquisition of fingerspelling recognition skills typically lags ...

An essential component of an automatic speech‐to‐sign translator is a method of representing and ... more An essential component of an automatic speech‐to‐sign translator is a method of representing and depicting the target language. Unlike many spoken languages, sign languages do not have a universally‐ accepted written form, and depicting it convincingly is an open question. The goal of our work is to develop a representation capable of synthesizing novel utterances of American Sign Language (ASL) as realistic and believable 3D animations. Any representation must be flexible enough to modify vocabulary algorithmically so that it conforms to the grammatical structure of ASL. Additionally, realism is necessary because a viewer should not be distracted by differences between animations signed by an avatar and video of utterances produced by a human signer. Animations signed by an avatar should be as easy to understand as video of a human signer. A survey of the state of the art for modeling, rigging and animating a 3D character reveals a well‐ established body of knowledge used in films ...

Students from the millennial generation have come to expect highly developed and engaging academi... more Students from the millennial generation have come to expect highly developed and engaging academic tools including those used to assess their performance. Keeping up with these expectations can be a daunting task for educators. However, the creative use of gamification, customization and on-demand supplemental material can potentially lead to a more engaging assessment experience. This presentation will focus on the topic of gamification and the millennial generation. The audience will participate in an open dialogue about how gaming and other engaging approaches can play a role in the summative assessment process.

ICERI2018 Proceedings, 2018

The Collab Lab at Bowling Green State University (BGSU) is a hands-on, creative space for student... more The Collab Lab at Bowling Green State University (BGSU) is a hands-on, creative space for students, faculty, staff and community members to engage in collaborative work. Its goal is to support teams of collaborators working together to conceive, create, develop and refine new ideas for teaching innovation, progressive research, and venture development. All of this is done by leveraging the unique talents inherent to the University community. We designed the Collab Lab to be the ideal place for teams to come together. It is located on the first floor of the university library and features configurable collaboration spaces and rapid prototyping tools such as 3-D scanners and printers, digital video equipment, virtual reality headsets, and a universal laser cutter. This paper presents our approach to the design and programming the Collab Lab, including a summary of our first year’s activities. It describes how we promote creativity and innovation through the framework of design thinking and collaborative work.

The EASEL application is a learning tool which puts an emphasis on the student's interaction with... more The EASEL application is a learning tool which puts an emphasis on the student's interaction with her/his learning environment and her/his reflection of that interaction. EASEL draws up on basic theories of constructivism and metacognition. Many learning tools provide an opportunity for students to reflect on her/his work a student may be asked to write a journal entry or take a postassignment survey based on an experiential learning event. However, this type of data is often collected long after the event resulting in the loss of important insights and opportunities for analysis.

Massive amounts of data Tedious to create Difficult to manipulate Motion Capture: Even worse at t... more Massive amounts of data Tedious to create Difficult to manipulate Motion Capture: Even worse at time 0f, HipsBone.rotation.controller.value = (angleAxis 0 [-1,0,0]) at time 11f, HipsBone.rotation.controller.value = (angleAxis 0 [-1,0,0]) at time 38f, HipsBone.rotation.controller.value = (angleAxis 0 [-1,0,0]) at time 43f, HipsBone.rotation.controller.value = (angleAxis 0 [-1,0,0]) at time 53f, HipsBone.rotation.controller.value = (angleAxis 0 [-1,0,0]) at time 56f, HipsBone.rotation.controller.value = (angleAxis 0 [-1,0,0]) at time 61f, HipsBone.rotation.controller.value = (angleAxis 0 [-1,0,0]) at time 69f, HipsBone.rotation.controller.value = (angleAxis 0 [-1,0,0]) at time 80f, HipsBone.rotation.controller.value = (angleAxis 0 [-1,0,0]) at time 92f, HipsBone.rotation.controller.value = (angleAxis 0 [-1,0,0]) at time 101f, HipsBone.rotation.controller.value = (angleAxis 0 [-1,0,0]) at time 114f, HipsBone.rotation.controller.value = (angleAxis 0 [-1,0,0]) at time 0f, HipsTwistBone.r...

Many applications in computer animation portray the motion of a human arm and torso. Often such a... more Many applications in computer animation portray the motion of a human arm and torso. Often such applications can benefit from a combination of Inverse (IK) and Forward (FK) Kinematics controls to manipulate the arms of the model. The human arm is a kinematic chain with seven degrees of freedom. The previous analytic solution to this kinematic chain gives highly detailed IK controls, but problems arise when integrating it with FK controls. These problems impede the artistic process when creating expressive animations. This work improves on the previous analytic solution to create a hybrid FK/IK control interface for manipulating the chain, and enables the recalculation of all the parameters necessary for the IK solution. Thus IK and FK controls can interact seamlessly to manipulate the arm. The torso is modeled as a separate kinematic chain, and is integrated with the arm linkages. User tests demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the combined FK/IK control interface.

For educators, creating and administering effective evaluation tools can be arduous. Tests and qu... more For educators, creating and administering effective evaluation tools can be arduous. Tests and quizzes, the traditional approach, must be challenging enough to assess the student’s mastery of course material, yet not so difficult as to frustrate and dishearten. Additionally, instructors must account for the inevitable range of student aptitude in each class. Part of evaluation involves rewarding prepared students with high scores and penalizing neglectful students with low scores. Hence, there is a delicate balance. If an exam is too easy, all students receive high scores and there is no incentive for good students to prepare. Too difficult, even average students will fail. Evaluating student performance is a complex undertaking, as aptitude is not the only consideration. Factors such as stress can lead to poor scores. Students are often intimidated when asked to compose answers to exam questions. This is especially true for exams requiring detailed technical answers. Low confidence...

Proceedings of the 13th ACM International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments, 2020

An animated sign language dictionary is a valuable resource for caregivers learning to communicat... more An animated sign language dictionary is a valuable resource for caregivers learning to communicate with residents who use sign language. This case study reports on the development of such a tool using the human-centered design methodology. Through interviews and observations with key stakeholders, we realized that our efforts could benefit a broader population that included the residents themselves. The result of this thoughtful approach is an application that is accessible across multiple platforms and features interaction modalities to accommodate the needs of various user groups.