Dr.Safila Naveed | Jinnah University For Women (original) (raw)

Papers by Dr.Safila Naveed

Cimetidine is a H 2 receptor antagonist, inhibit acid secretion. Assay has been performed by usin... more Cimetidine is a H 2 receptor antagonist, inhibit acid secretion. Assay has been performed by using an effective, simple and rapid spectrophotometric method. Two different brands of local and multi pharma tablets of cimetidine have been taken from pharmacies of Karachi, Pakistan. We have done comparison of assay of cimetidine. Absorbance was noted at 216nm wavelength of cimetidine using water as solvent. The present method can be employed for the QC analysis of cimetidine in tablet formulation. Our result has shown that the % assay of both brands of local and multi pharma have almost same and same in efficacy.

A fast, simple and economical spectrophotometric method has been used for the assay of different ... more A fast, simple and economical spectrophotometric method has been used for the assay of different brands of enalapril maleate available in Karachi. We have compared the assay of the five brands. This analysis is based on UV absorbance at about 220nm wavelength. In this method distilled water was used as a solvent. The standard solution was made by dissolving 10 mg of enalapril maleate in 100 ml water. Similarly the sample drugs were dissolved in small amount of water and then it was diluted to make 100 ml. The absorbance was measured at 220 nm and then assay was determined by comparing the assay of available brand. Our study revealed that only two brands shows percentages within limits as compared to standard.

RADS Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dec 4, 2015

The present work describes an innovative reversed phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (... more The present work describes an innovative reversed phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for the determination of Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs NSAIDs with glimepride antidiabetic drug simultaneously in dosage formulations, active pharmaceutical ingredients and human serum. The chromatographic system consisted of Sil-20A auto sampler, LC-20A pump and SPD-20A UV/visible detector. The quantification was carried out by using a C18 (5 μm, 250 ×4.6 mm) column with mobile phase methanol: water (80:20 v/v, pH 3.0) at 228 nm with a flow rate of 1.0 mL•min-1. The retention time of glimepride was 12 min while of diclofenac sodium, ibuprofen and mefenamic acid were found to be 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0 minutes respectively. The method developed was found to be precise, accurate and selective and was validated for accuracy, precision, linearity, specificity, limit of detection and limit of quantitation. There is no such method reported earlier for the determination of glimepride and NSAIDs simultaneously. It was required for assessing the co-administration of both drugs in treatment and can be employed for drug-drug interactions studies.

Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research

A simple reversed phase HPLC method has been successfully developed and validated for the quantit... more A simple reversed phase HPLC method has been successfully developed and validated for the quantitative determination of levofloxacin (LVX) in bulk material, pharmaceutical formulation and serum. Purospher STAR C18 (25 cm x 4.6 mm, 5 µ m) was used. The mobile phase MeOH: H2O (70:30, v/v) was delivered at a flow rate of 1 Ml min-1 . The proposed method is specific, accurate with a recovery of 100  0.02. The detection limits were 2 ng with an RSD  0.1 (n=6).The anticipated method is applicable to routine analysis of LVX in pharmaceutical formulations and human serum samples. The method was applied to study the In vitro availability of levofloxacin in presence of various elements essential to the human body, like magnesium, calcium, chromium, copper Zinc and iron. The availability of Levofloxacin in presence of these elements was depressed up to 21% in simulated gastric juice, while up to 5% in pH 7.4 and 27% in simulated intestinal juice.

A simple reversed phase HPLC method have been successfully developed and validated for the quanti... more A simple reversed phase HPLC method have been successfully developed and validated for the quantitative determination of captopril (CAP) in bulk material, pharmaceutical formulation and serum. Purospher Start C 18 (250cm x 4.6mm, 5µm) and Hypersil ODS C18 (150×4.6mm, 5micron) columns were used. The mobile phase, (methanol-water 50:50(v/v) pH 3.0 adjusted by phosphoric acid), was delivered at a flow rate of 1mLmin-1 , eluent was monitored using UV detector at 215, 220, 225 nm. The proposed method is specific, accurate (99-102%), precise (intra-day variation 0.04-0.98 % and inter-day variation 0.06-1.5%) and linearity (R 2 >0.999) within the desired range 1.25-50 µgmL-1 concentration. The detection limit and quantification limit was 2.0 ngmL-1 and 8.0 ngmL-1 respectively. The anticipated method is applicable to routine analysis of CAP in pharmaceutical formulations as well as in human serum samples.

Canadian Journal of Applied Sciences, 2014

American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2013

The aim of the present work was to develop a sensitive liquid chromatographic method for the quan... more The aim of the present work was to develop a sensitive liquid chromatographic method for the quantitation of pravastatin and diltiazem along with naproxen and meloxicam using ultraviolet detector. The separation of components was achieved on Purospher Star, C 18 (5 µm, 25 x 0.46 cm) column using methanol-water (80:20 v/v) as mobile phase and pH adjusted 3.4 with 85% o-phosphoric acid. Related parameters that may influence the enrichment efficiency of speration of drugs such as the kind and volume of elute, sample flow rate, sample pH, and volume of the drug samples were investigated. Detection was performed at ambient temperature at 220 nm by pumping the mobile phase at the flow rate 1.0 mL min-1. The experimental results indicated a good linearity (R 2 > 0.9947) over the concentration range of 0.5-20 µg mL-1 for pravastatin, naproxen and meloxicam and 0.75-24 µg mL-1 for diltiazem. The method was compared by programming the detector adjusting the wavelength with time to match the individual analyte's chromophore which enhanced sensitivity with linear range 0.25-8.0, 0.5-16, 0.4-12 and 0.2-4.0 µg mL-1 for pravastatin, diltiazem, naproxen and meloxicam respectively. The LOD values shifted down from 33, 70, 50 and 80 ng mL-1 to 15, 42, 20 and 10 ng mL-1 for pravastatin, diltiazem, naproxen and meloxicam respectively. Validation of the method showed good precision and accuracy for the proposed method. All the results indicated that this procedure could allow the simultaneous determination of these four compounds in API, pharmaceutical formulations and serum at trace levels. The method can be successfully applied for the determination of these drugs in human serum, clinical laboratories and in pharmaceutical formulations without diode array detector and without interference of excipients or endogenous components of serum.

Research and Reports in Medicinal Chemistry, 2013

The coadministration of antihypertensive and antidiabetic drugs is common, as both of these ailme... more The coadministration of antihypertensive and antidiabetic drugs is common, as both of these ailments are synergistic to each other and often occur together. In the present paper, we describe in vitro drug interactions of enalapril, an antihypertensive drug, with the hypoglycemic agents, metformin, glibenclamide, and glimepiride. These studies were carried out using an isocratic reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method using a C18 column with ultraviolet detection at 230 nm. The system was operated at room temperature using a mobile phase consisting of methanol:water (70:30) adjusted to pH 2.5 with o-phosphoric acid with a flow rate of 1 mL minute −1. The assay was reproducible, linear (concentration range of 2.5-100 µg mL −1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999 and an accuracy rate of 98%-102%. The results from the reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method clearly indicated that the availability of enalapril was unaffected by the simultaneous administration of hypoglycemic agents. Hence, the two drugs can be safely administered with one another.

Journal of Analytical & Bioanalytical Techniques, 2012

A simple reversed phase HPLC method have been successfully developed and validated for the quanti... more A simple reversed phase HPLC method have been successfully developed and validated for the quantitative determination of enalapril maleate (ENP) in bulk material, pharmaceutical formulation and serum. Purospher Start C 18 (250 cm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) and Hypersil, ODS columns were used. The mobile phase, methanol-acetonitrile-water (70:30v/v pH 3.5 adjusted by phosphoric acid), was delivered at a flow rate of 1 mLmin-1 , eluent was monitored using UV detector at 215 nm. The proposed method is specific, accurate (99-102%), precise (intra-day and inter-day variation 0.07-1.25%) and linearity (R 2 >0.999) within the desired range 2.5-100 µgmL-1 concentration. The detection limit and quantification 3.9 ngmL-1 and 12 ngmL-1 respectively. The anticipated method is applicable to routine analysis of ENP in pharmaceutical formulations as well as in human serum samples.

INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY, 2014

Captopril is the first orally active and specific inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme. It ... more Captopril is the first orally active and specific inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme. It blocks conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by inhibiting the angiotensin converting enzyme and used for hyper tension as a potent vasodilator. Captopril is used to lower hyper tension and available in several brands in the market. The aim of this study is to establish pharmaceutical equivalence among the brands available in Karachi, Pakistan. Four different brands of captopril tablets (25 mg) were included in study. Six quality control parameters: weight variation test, hardness test, thickness, friability, disintegration test and dissolution test were carried out specified by British and United state Pharmacopoeia BP/USP. Hardness value requirement was complied by all brands. Disintegration time for all brands was within 15 minutes complying the BP/USP standards. All brands of captopril showed more than 80 % drug release within forty five 45 minutes. The study suggests that almost all the brands of captopril are available in Karachi meet the specification for quality control analysis.

Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society, 2011

Simple, specific, economical and precise high performance liquid chromatographic method for the s... more Simple, specific, economical and precise high performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of enalapril in presence of statins (rosuvastatin, atorvastatin and simvastatin) in API (active pharmaceutical ingredient) and formulation has been developed and validated. Chromatography was carried out at 25 • C on a prepacked Purospher Star, C18 (5 mm, 250 x 4.6 mm) column with the isocratic mobile phase of acetonitrile: water (60:40 v/v) adjusting pH to 2.8. The UV detection was carried at 230 nm. The results obtained showed good agreement with the declared contents. Enalapril and statins separated in less than 10 mins with good resolution and minimal tailing and without interference of excepients. The method was linear in the range of 2.5-100 µgmL-1 for enalapril concentration with a correlation coefficient 0.9995 and in the range 0.625-25 µgmL-1 for statins concentrations having correlation coefficient 0.9990 (inter and intraday CV<2 .0%). The recovery was 99-102%. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines and the acceptance criteria for accuracy, precision, linearity, specificity and system suitability were met in all cases. The proposed method can be used for quantitative determination of enalapril and statins alone or in combination from API and formulations.

Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2013

The present study aimed at synthesizing PPI dendrimer and loading dual drug followed by developin... more The present study aimed at synthesizing PPI dendrimer and loading dual drug followed by developing stability indicating reversed-phase HPLC method and subsequent validation for simultaneous estimation of valsartan and fenofibrate. The proposed RP-HPLC method utilizes a Nucleosil 100, 5 µm, C8, 250 × 4.0 mm column, mobile phase consisting of methanol : 1 % orthophosphoric acid : acetonitrile (45:30:25) and UV detection at 247 nm. The described method was linear over a range of 10-50 µg/mL for valsartan and 3-15 µg/mL for fenofibrate. The mean recoveries were 99.91 and 100.53 % for valsartan and fenofibrate, respectively. Statistical data's were used to check the intermediate precision data obtained under different experimental setups. The calculated value was found to be less than critical value.

Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society, 2014

Both ACE inhibitors and non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are prescribed together in... more Both ACE inhibitors and non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are prescribed together in the elderly as different diseases may occur together. In vivo and in vitro interaction studies of ACE inhibitor (enalapril) was carried out with commonly used NSAID, flurbiprofen in carrageenan induced inflammation (CIIR) rats to check the anti-inflammatory response of NSAIDs in presence of enalapril and alone. In present study, altered anti-inflammatory response was observed for flurbiprofen when given simultaneously with enalapril by comparing decrease in paw size. Results were expressed in % reduction in paw size for every hour and were calculated for edema rate and percentage reduction. In vitro interaction studies carried out using HPLC and both the drugs were analyzed by assaying both drugs alone and in combination.The combination of enalapril and flurbiprofen showed increased activity of flurbiprofen as depicted by increase of % reduction and decrease in edema rate. It was also proved from AUC of the chromatogram of combine drugs. Since this study has certain limitation as a number of tested animals were small and the duration of anti-inflammatory response was checked for flurbiprofen alone and in combination with enalapril for few hours, further studies may be required to establish the strong relationship.

Hypercholesterolemia, 2015

Prescription writing is the key part in healthcare provision.

A systematic observational study is performed in general population of age group 18-60 years to c... more A systematic observational study is performed in general population of age group 18-60 years to collect enough data on the irrational dispensing pattern and self medication of benzodiazepines. There were two separate specially designed Performa's, one for the OPD pharmacy or dispensary in different communities of Karachi and one for the general population of variable demographic status duly filled by 190 out of 200 OPD pharmacies approached, (n = 190 with response rate 95 %) and 478 out of 508 people approached (n = 478 with response rate 94.09 %) In this study 478 individual participated. Mean age of population was 43.62 ± 17 years. 44.6 % were male (n = 213) and 55.4 % were female (n = 265) the common Benzodiazepines reported to be used by study population are Alprazolam 54 %, Bromazepam 40 %, Clorazepate, Lorazepam and Azolam 2 % each. The three primary reasons reported lead to the use of benzodiazepines by general population are depression 64 %, sleep disturbance 19 % and pain 17 %. There were 68 people (29 %) confessed that they are using it without any prescription from GP. By the Performa filled by OPD community pharmacies findings are benzodiazepines are the 6 th largest selling drug class. Alprazolam and Bromezepam both are the top most selling benzodiazepines members 88.52 % followed by Lorazepam 6.39 %, Clorazepate 0.09 % and others 5.0 %. Among 190 pharmacies visited, around 79 pharmacies (41.57 %) reported to dispense benzodiazepines without prescription. Significant variable with respect to rate of use of benzodiazepines in the community were educational status, socio-economical background, occupation, marital status etc with p < 0.000 when Pearson chi-square test were applied.

A simple, rapid, isocratic, high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been deve... more A simple, rapid, isocratic, high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed for the first time for simultaneous determination of ACE inhibitors (captopril, lisinopril and enalapril) and diclofenac sodium in bulk drugs, pharmaceutical products and human serum. The separation was performed on a Purospher Start C18 (250cm x 4.6mm, 5µm) and Hypersil ODS (25cm x 4.6mm 5µm ) column using methanol-water as mobile phase 80:20 (v/v) and 60:40 (v/v) as diluent. The pH of mobile phase was adjusted to 3.0 with ortho-phosphoric acid, flow rate was adjusted to 1 mLmin -1 at room temperature and analytes peaks were observed using UV detector at 220 nm. The retention times of captopril, lisinopril, enalapril and diclofenac sodium were 2.5, 3.8, 4.5 and 5 min and LLOD, LLOQ were 1, 4, 2, 6, 3 and 12, 8, and 14 ngmL -1 respectively. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The linearity of the method was studied over the concentration range of 2.5-50 µgmL -1 for ACE inhibitors and diclofenac sodium, where it demonstrated good linearity with r = 0.9998, 0.9999, 0.9997, and 0.9998 (n = 6), respectively. The HPLC method presented here shows an easy but reliable and precise analysis of the antihypertensive drugs captopril, lisinopril, enalapril, and diclofenac sodium. The values for LLOD, precision of RT, precision of area and linearity shows good performance of the analysis. The developed method was successfully applied to quantitate, the three ACE inhibitors and diclofenac sodium in pharmaceutical formulations and human serum.

Acetaminophen is used analgesic and available in several brands in the market which makes it diff... more Acetaminophen is used analgesic and available in several brands in the market which makes it difficult to select the safe and effective one. There for The aim of study to establish pharmaceutical equivalence of the different brands of acetaminophen tablets available in Karachi, Pakistan. Four different brands of acetaminophen tablets (500 mg) were included in study. The quality control parameters which are studied are weight variation test, hardness test, thickness, friability, disintegration and dissolution specified by BP/USP (British and United state Pharmacopoeia) .Weight variation and hardness value requirement was complied by all brands .Disintegration time for all brands was within 15 minutes also complying the BP/USP recommendation. All brands showed more than 80 % drug release within 45 minutes. The present findings suggest that almost all the brands of acetaminophen that are available in Karachi meet the BP/USP specification for quality control analysis. Safila et al., World J Pharm Sci 2014; 2(6): xxxx

Traditional plants have many medicinal values including the treatment of different infectious dis... more Traditional plants have many medicinal values including the treatment of different infectious diseases. In the assessment of conventional claims, scientific research is foremost. For this reason the methanolic extract of Atropa Belladonna were evaluated at different concentration for antimicrobial activity against medically important bacteria viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia. The in vitro antimicrobial activity was performed by agar well diffusion method. The methanolic extract of Atropa belladonna exhibit considerable degree of antimicrobial activity against the tested gram negative and gram positive bacterial strains.

Self-medication is the use of medication without prescription, orientation, or supervision of a p... more Self-medication is the use of medication without prescription, orientation, or supervision of a physician or dentist. Self-medication might become a serious health problem .In Pakistan; almost every pharmacy sells drugs without prescription, and there is no concept of community Pharmacy, furthermore no pharmacist is present on the counter to guide customers. As a result, antibiotics and potential habit forming medicines are easily sold as OTC drugs to a common man. Improper use of combination of OTC drugs can be very harmful. The improper use of some drugs can lead to addiction. The purpose of this survey based study was to identify the prevalence and factors associated with self-medication among population of Karachi that comprises of people with various age groups, in both genders. This study assessed the prevalence of self-medication, and determined what commonly used drugs are as self medication.95% of population showed self medication which included pain reliever such as paracetamol and other NSAIDS, cough, cold medications, antihistamines, antacids and antibiotics. About 30% of the respondents suffered with adverse effects due to self medication. These substances are generally purchased for medicinal purpose and an often tend to be effective. But they may be later misused or overused. Basically the poor awareness leaves the layman uninformed about the potentially lethal effects of some of these drugs. Cost issues causes the general public to approach various other doors instead of a doctor's to seek help for a problem. This study presents the results of the Pakistani nation's knowledge, attitude, and practice towards self medication. Easy availability and accessibility to healthcare facilities helps reducing the practice of self medication

RADS Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dec 4, 2015

Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research

Canadian Journal of Applied Sciences, 2014

American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2013

Research and Reports in Medicinal Chemistry, 2013

Journal of Analytical & Bioanalytical Techniques, 2012

A simple reversed phase HPLC method have been successfully developed and validated for the quanti... more A simple reversed phase HPLC method have been successfully developed and validated for the quantitative determination of enalapril maleate (ENP) in bulk material, pharmaceutical formulation and serum. Purospher Start C 18 (250 cm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) and Hypersil, ODS columns were used. The mobile phase, methanol-acetonitrile-water (70:30v/v pH 3.5 adjusted by phosphoric acid), was delivered at a flow rate of 1 mLmin-1 , eluent was monitored using UV detector at 215 nm. The proposed method is specific, accurate (99-102%), precise (intra-day and inter-day variation 0.07-1.25%) and linearity (R 2 >0.999) within the desired range 2.5-100 µgmL-1 concentration. The detection limit and quantification 3.9 ngmL-1 and 12 ngmL-1 respectively. The anticipated method is applicable to routine analysis of ENP in pharmaceutical formulations as well as in human serum samples.

INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY, 2014

Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society, 2011

Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2013

Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society, 2014

Hypercholesterolemia, 2015

Prescription writing is the key part in healthcare provision.