Mesfin Haile | Kangwon National University (original) (raw)

Papers by Mesfin Haile

Plants

Eggplant is one of the most economically and nutritionally important vegetables worldwide. The st... more Eggplant is one of the most economically and nutritionally important vegetables worldwide. The study of the association of phenotypic traits with genetic factors is vital for the rapid and efficient identification and selection of eggplant genetic resources for breeding purposes with desired traits. The eggplant resources (587) collected from different countries, including Korea, were used for establishing the core collection. A total of 288 accessions were selected from 587 Solanum accessions based on 52 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) markers together with 17 morphological traits. This core collection was further used to analyze the genetic associations of eggplant morphological variations. A large variation was found among the evaluated eggplant accessions for some agro-morphological traits. Stem prickles and leaf prickles showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.83***), followed by days to flowering and days to maturity (r = 0.64***). A total of 114,981 SNPs were ...

Horticulturae

In this study, 226 Capsicum chinense genetic resources were analyzed using high-performance liqui... more In this study, 226 Capsicum chinense genetic resources were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and a spectrophotometer to measure and compare their carotenoid content and American Spice Trade Association (ASTA) color values, respectively. The total carotenoid content and ASTA values of the 226 pepper genetic resources were found to be in the range of 7.04–2430.85 mg/100 g dry weight (DW) and 0–221.32, respectively. Capsanthin, capsorubin, lutein, zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin, violaxanthin, α-carotene, β-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin were the individual carotenoids studied. The average content of each carotenoid (n = 226) in mg/100 g DW was as follows: capsanthin (325.77), antheraxanthin (136.34), capsorubin (82.36), β-carotene (59.11), violaxanthin (46.54), zeaxanthin (43.21), α-carotene (13.91), β-cryptoxanthin (9.67), and lutein (2.72). A strong positive correlation was observed between total carotenoid content and ASTA value (r = 0.965). Likewise, the individual ...

European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience, 2018

The effect of deep sea water treatments on coffee bean quality was studied. The treatments were d... more The effect of deep sea water treatments on coffee bean quality was studied. The treatments were different concentrations of deep sea water (DSW), 2.5 % (1.6 dS/m), 5% (2.3 dS/m), 10 % (3.6 dS/m), 20% (6.7 dS/m) and tap water used as a control treatment. Treatments were applied once a week for six weeks and started when the coffee cherry was close to maturity. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) among treatments in bean length, width, and thickness. The application of DSW to mature coffee cherries increased the bean size. The highest value in bean length was obtained from 10% deep sea water treated coffee trees (10.3 mm) and the lowest was from control (9.0 mm) trees. There was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) in bean thickness among the DSW-treated coffee trees. Subsequently, deep sea water treatments also were improved the proximate components (protein, carbohydrate and Lipid) and minerals (Ca, K, Na and Fe) compositions of coffee bean in comparison with non-treated one. Generally, deep sea water is a good alternative to use as additional nutrient supplements to improve the quality of the coffee bean.

Przedmiotem analizy jest teoria międzypokoleniowej transmisji zachowań przestępczych. Karalność o... more Przedmiotem analizy jest teoria międzypokoleniowej transmisji zachowań przestępczych. Karalność ojców odniesiona została do karalności ich synów oraz do psychospołecznych czynników ryzyka. W drugiej części artykułu omówiono teorię SAT (sytuacyjna teoria działania), która wyjaśnia, w jaki sposób interakcje pomiędzy jednostką i jej środowiskiem wpływają na przestrzeganie bądź łamanie norm dotyczących zachowania (zwłaszcza norm prawnych). Słowa kluczowe: przestępczość nieletnich, karalność ojców, psychospołeczne czynniki ryzyka, transmisja międzygeneracyjna, sytuacyjna teoria działania (SAT). Wstęp Abstrahując od indywidualnych przypadków przestępstw, mających swoją etiologię w psychopatologii jednostki (psychopatyczni zabójcy, osoby z depresją popełniający samobójstwo rozszerzone itd.), największa część przestępstw ma genezę środowiskową, a nie biologiczną. W artykule zostaną zaprezentowane argumenty (teorie, poglądy, badania brytyjskie) na potwierdzenie tej tezy. Oczywiście, powiązanie czynników genetycznych i biologicznych, z jednej strony, oraz środowiskowych, z drugiej, przydarza się tak często, że trudno czasem oddzielić jedne predykatory od drugich1. Jednak to właśnie sytuacyjność ludzkiego zachowania oraz społeczny determinizm człowieka wysuwa się na plan pierwszy współczesnych dociekań kryminologicznych.

African Journal of Agricultural Research, Feb 15, 2018

Concentrations of 5, 10, 20, and 40% deep sea water (DSW) were tested, with irrigation water serv... more Concentrations of 5, 10, 20, and 40% deep sea water (DSW) were tested, with irrigation water serving as the 0% control (tap water) on coffee (Coffea arabica L.) seedlings. The results showed that the growth parameters were affected significantly (α < 0.05) by the irrigation of 20 and 40% deep sea water. There were significant differences (α < 0.05) among treatments in stomata density/mm 2 , stomata width, and length. The highest value of stomatal measurements was obtained in the control treatment, whereas the lowest values were obtained in the 40% DSW treatments. Electrolyte leakage was enhanced in 20 and 40% DSW irrigated seedling leaves. The highest relative leaf water content (84.5%) was obtained in the control treatment and the lowest in 40% DSW (74.6%). The application of diluted deep sea water also increased the soil electrical conductivity (EC, ds/m). The overall measured parameters indicated that the control, 5, and 10% DSW treatments showed approximate results. This indicates that 5% DSW can be used as irrigation water for coffee seedlings. Also, for some period of time, the 10% DSW can be used to irrigate coffee seedlings without causing significant negative effects.

Fermentation, 2020

Journal of Plant Biotechnology, 2018

This research was conducted to study the gene expression of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) seedlings ... more This research was conducted to study the gene expression of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) seedlings under salt stress condition. A solution of five percent (2.3 dS m-1) deep sea water was used for the salt treatment, and it was thereby compared to normal irrigation water (0.2 dS m-1) used for the control treatment. The mRNA was extracted from the leaves of the coffee seedlings for a comprehensive analysis. In this study, a total of 19,581 genes were identified and aligned to the reference sequences available in the coffee genome database. The gene ontology analysis was performed to estimate the number of genes associated with the identified biological processes, cellular components and molecular functions. Among the 19,581 genes, 7369 (37.64%) were associated with biological processes, 5909 (30.18%) with cellular components, and 5325 (27.19%) with molecular functions. The remaining 978 (4.99%) genes were therefore grouped as unclassified. A differential gene expression analysis was performed using the DESeq2 package to identify the genes that were differentially expressed between the treatments based on fold changes and p-values. Namely, a total of 611 differentially expressed genes were identified (treatment/control) in that case. Among these, 336 genes were up-regulated while 275 of the genes were downregulated. Of the differentially expressed genes, 60 genes showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) expression, 44 of which were up-regulated and 16 which were down-regulated. We also identified 11 differentially expressed transcription factor genes, 6 of which were up-regulated and rest 5 genes were down-regulated. The data generated from this study will help in the continued interest and understanding of the responses of coffee seedlings genes associated with salinity stress, in particular. This study will also provide important resources for further functional genomics studies.

Scientia Horticulturae, 2017

Although knowledge of bulbing time is important in developing effective insect pest management st... more Although knowledge of bulbing time is important in developing effective insect pest management strategy and for predicting maturity time, such information has not yet been generated on shallots grown under field condition. Thus, this study was conducted for four consecutive years (2012-2015) at Debre Zeit, Ethiopia, to determine the onset of bulb enlargement time in shallot. Cultivars Minjar and Huruta were planted at the rate of 13 plants per m 2 on ridged plots of 2 × 3.2 m 2. Each variety was replicated 12 times. From each plot five shoots were randomly selected and the number of onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) was counted in situ. Then the sample plants were carefully uprooted and neck diameter was measured using vernier digital caliper at the point where the leaf sheath turns to green color, while bulb diameter was measured approximately 1 cm above the basal plate (root base). These sample plants were also used to determine bulb and shoot dry weight. In all the seasons and on both cultivars bulb enlargement began about 46-49 days after sprouting, which is equivalent to 753-769 • days. At this stage bulblets "push each other apart". However, the number of days required to reach bulb ratio of ≥2.0 was variable between cultivars and across seasons. Thus, on Minjar bulb ratio became greater or equal to two 64 (981.75 • days), 85 (1307.5 • days), 74 (1128.5 • days) and 81 (1285.15 • days) days after sprouting in 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 seasons, respectively. The corresponding values for Huruta were 64 (981.75 • days), 95 (1469.5 • days), 89 (1312.0 • days) and 81 (1285.15 • days) days. Therefore, we suggest bulblet split time, which is the time at which the bulblets begin to "push each other apart," as reliable indicator of onset of bulb formation in shallot rather than the arbitrary bulb ratio of 2.0. The intensity of onion thrips was very low throughout the growing season and across years. But, depending up on seasons, it tends to peak one to three weeks later than the onset of bulb enlargement. Peak onion thrips intensity was recorded when the bulb ratio reached 2.0 or when the bulb dry weight to shoot dry weight equals 1.5.

Scientia Horticulturae, 2016

Abstract A significant proportion of children in Ethiopia and other developing countries suffer f... more Abstract A significant proportion of children in Ethiopia and other developing countries suffer from Bitot’s spots, an eye disease caused by deficiency of vitamin-A. Carrots are considered as one of the cheapest sources of β-carotene (precursor of vitamin-A) to reduce the incidence of the disease. However, seeds of improved carrot cultivars have not been easily available to farmers to grow carrots, unless imported. Therefore, a study was initiated to assess the potentials of some Asian carrot cultivars for their ability to produce high quality carrots as well as seeds under tropical conditions in Ethiopia. Twelve Asian cultivars were imported from four Asian countries and were tested in three separate experiments at three sites representing the mid and high altitude carrot producing areas of Ethiopia. Nantes and a local cultivar AUA-108 (Haramaya University, Ethiopia) were used as controls. The cultivars were initially laid out in single observation plots. Next replicated experiments were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The results of the study showed that Long Beauty and Deep Red cultivars produced higher total carrot yield than Nantes but Nantes had the highest marketable carrot yield. AUA-108 and DZARC-5 were found to produce as good quality carrots as Nantes. DZARC-3 and DZARC-9 (cultivars with purple carrots) produced lower yields, bolted very late and were susceptible to Alternaria leaf blight. The carrots of DZARC-5 were tender, juicy and sweet and were liked by consumers. AUA-108 was also found to be adapted to the central highlands of the country. Therefore, owing to their good carrot and seed production potentials, AUA-108 and DZARC-5 were believed to enhance carrot production from farmers’ own seeds and thus alleviating aforementioned problems of Bitot’s spots disease while generating additional income to growers.

Coffee - Production and Research, 2019

Coffee is one of the most important agricultural commodities in the world. The coffee quality is ... more Coffee is one of the most important agricultural commodities in the world. The coffee quality is associated with pre-harvest and post-harvest management activities. Each step starting from selecting the best coffee variety for plantation until the final coffee drink preparation determines the cupping quality. The overall coffee quality influenced by the factors which involve in changes the physicochemical properties and sensorial attributes, including the post-harvest operations. The postharvest processing activities contribute about 60% of the quality of green coffee beans. The post-harvest operations include pulping, processing, drying, hulling, cleaning, sorting, grading, storage, roasting, grinding, and cupping. This chapter comprises the harvest and post-harvest operations of coffee and their impacts on coffee quality.

Journal of Food Quality, 2019

Coffee is one of the most important and widely used commercial crops in the world. After ripe cof... more Coffee is one of the most important and widely used commercial crops in the world. After ripe coffee cherries are harvested, coffee must pass through several steps to become (green) raw coffee beans. Commonly, there are three different processing methods used to obtain green coffee beans from coffee cherries, namely, the wet, dry, and semidry methods. Microorganisms (yeasts and bacteria) play a major role in coffee fermentation process by degrading mucilage by producing different enzymes (pectinase), acids, and alcohols. Starter culture development is crucial and is done by selecting microorganisms that have certain characteristics, such as mucilage degradation ability, tolerance to stress during fermentation, the ability to suppress the growth of pathogenic fungi, and a positive impact on the sensory quality of the coffee. Currently, green coffee beans obtained from farms that use any of the above processing methods are fermented with selected microorganisms to improve the flavour ...

Fermentation

We examined the antioxidant activity, total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TF... more We examined the antioxidant activity, total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total tannin content (TTC) and physical characteristics of green coffee beans fermented with selected yeasts. There was no significant (p > 0.05) interaction effect between yeast-fermented coffee extracts and duration of fermentation on antioxidant activity (oxygen radical absorbance capacity [ORAC] and superoxide dismutase-like [SOD-like] activity). However, the mean of the antioxidant activity (ORAC and SOD-like activity) significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the fermented coffee extracts compared to unfermented coffee. There were significant (p < 0.05) interaction effects between yeast-fermented coffee extracts and duration of fermentation (24 h and 48 h) on the TPC, TFC, TTC and pH of the fermented solution and on the colors of the ground-roasted coffee. The TPC showed a pattern of increase in samples Ferm-1 and Ferm-3 as fermentation time increased from 24 h to 48 h. Ho...

Food Science and Technology International

In this study, coffee pulp was examined as a starting material to make alcoholic beverages (coffe... more In this study, coffee pulp was examined as a starting material to make alcoholic beverages (coffee pulp wine) and yeast fermentation ability. We have evaluated five yeasts, three of which were previously isolated from the coffee cherry, and the other two were commercial yeasts. The pH, °Brix, viable yeast cells, and color parameters of coffee pulp wines were measured. The antioxidant activity of coffee pulp wine were measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays. Relatively, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl inhibition percentage of Saccharomycopsis fibuligera (strain KNU18Y4) fermented coffee pulp wine was higher than that of other yeasts. Coffee pulp wine fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain Fermivin) had higher ferric reducing antioxidant power values. Coffee pulp wine fermented with S. fibuligera (strain KNU18Y4) produced higher total phenolic content and total flavonoid content. Coffee pulp wine fermented with S. cerevi...

There are different types of coffee processing methods. The wet (WP) and dry processing (DP) meth... more There are different types of coffee processing methods. The wet (WP) and dry processing (DP) methods are widely practiced in different parts of coffee-growing countries. There is also a digestive bioprocessing method in which the most expensive coffee is produced. The elephant dung coffee is produced using the digestive bioprocessing method. In the present experiment, the antioxidant activity and volatile compounds of coffee that have been processed using different methods were compared. The antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total tannin content (TTC) of green coffee beans from all treatments were higher as compared to roasted coffee beans. Regarding the green coffee beans, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of elephant dung coffee beans was higher as compared to that of the DP and WP coffee beans. The green coffee beans had higher DPPH activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value compared to the roasted coffee beans. The green beans of elephant dung coffee had a high TPC than the beans obtained by WP and DP methods. TFC in elephant dung coffee in both green and roasted condition was improved in contrast to the beans processed using dry and wet methods. The elephant dung coffee had an increased TTC in comparison to the DP and WP coffee (green beans). About 37 volatile compounds of acids, alcohols, aldehydes, amide, esters, ethers, furans, furanones, ketones, phenols, pyrazines, pyridines, Heterocyclic N, and pyrroles functional classes have been found. Some of the most abundant volatile compounds detected in all treatments of coffee were 2-furanmethanol, acetic acid, 2-methylpyrazine, 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, pyridine, and 5-methylfurfural. Few volatile compounds have been detected only in elephant dung coffee. The principal component analysis (PCAs) was performed using the percentage of relative peak areas of the volatile compound classes and individual volatile compounds. This study will provide a better understanding of the impacts of processing methods on the antioxidants and volatile compounds of coffee.

A few yeast species have been tested frequently to improve the tastes, flavors, and other importa... more A few yeast species have been tested frequently to improve the tastes, flavors, and other important quality parameters of coffee. However, continuing evaluations of different yeast species for fermenting green coffee beans will have a significant positive contribution to the coffee industry. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant properties, total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total tannin content (TTC), and the consumer acceptability of fermented green coffee beans with Wickerhamomyces anomalu. The coffee beans were roasted at different roasting conditions (light, medium, and dark). There was no significant (p > 0.05) difference between the yeast-fermented and non-fermented coffee with regard to the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values in medium and dark roasted coffee. Similarly, the superoxide dismutase-like (SOD)-like activity did not significantly differ in all roasting conditions. However, the SOD-like activity was significantly different (p < 0.05), particularly within light roasted and medium roasted, and between light roasted and dark roasted in both the control and fermented coffee extracts. The 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were improved in fermented coffee beans. There was a significant (p ≤ 0.05) difference between the yeast-fermented and non-fermented coffee with respect to the TPC and TFC in all roasting types and the TTC in the light and dark roasting conditions. The fermentation of green coffee beans with W. anomalus increased the TPC and TFC. However, the TTC was lower in the fermented coffee beans compared to the non-fermented coffee beans in medium and dark roasted coffee. In general, fermentation of green coffee beans with W. anomalus has the potential to improve the functionality of coffee beans.

Concentrations of 5, 10, 20, and 40% deep sea water (DSW) were tested, with irrigation water serv... more Concentrations of 5, 10, 20, and 40% deep sea water (DSW) were tested, with irrigation water serving as the 0% control (tap water) on coffee (Coffea arabica L.) seedlings. The results showed that the growth parameters were affected significantly (α < 0.05) by the irrigation of 20 and 40% deep sea water. There were significant differences (α < 0.05) among treatments in stomata density/mm 2 , stomata width, and lowest values were obtained in the 40% DSW treatments. Electrolyte leakage was enhanced in 20 and 40% DSW irrigated seedling leaves. The highest relative leaf water content (84.5%) was obtained in the control treatment and the lowest in 40% DSW (74.6%). The application of diluted deep sea water also increased the soil electrical conductivity (EC, ds/m). The overall measured parameters indicated that the control, 5, and 10% DSW treatments showed approximate results. This indicates that 5% DSW can be used as irrigation water for coffee seedlings. Also, for some period of time, the 10% DSW can be used to irrigate coffee seedlings without causing significant negative effects.

This research was conducted to study the gene expression of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) seedlings ... more This research was conducted to study the gene expression of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) seedlings under salt stress condition. A solution of five percent (2.3 dS m-1) deep sea water was used for the salt treatment, and it was thereby compared to normal irrigation water (0.2 dS m-1) used for the control treatment. The mRNA was extracted from the leaves of the coffee seedlings for a comprehensive analysis. In this study, a total of 19,581 genes were identified and aligned to the reference sequences available in the coffee genome database. The gene ontology analysis was performed to estimate the number of genes associated with the identified biological processes, cellular components and molecular functions. Among the 19,581 genes, 7369 (37.64%) were associated with biological processes, 5909 (30.18%) with cellular components, and 5325 (27.19%) with molecular functions. The remaining 978 (4.99%) genes were therefore grouped as unclassified. A differential gene expression analysis was performed using the DESeq2 package to identify the genes that were differentially expressed between the treatments based on fold changes and p-values. Namely, a total of 611 differentially expressed genes were identified (treatment/control) in that case. Among these, 336 genes were up-regulated while 275 of the genes were down-regulated. Of the differentially expressed genes, 60 genes showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) expression, 44 of which were up-regulated and 16 which were down-regulated. We also identified 11 differentially expressed transcription factor genes, 6 of which were up-regulated and rest 5 genes were down-regulated. The data generated from this study will help in the continued interest and understanding of the responses of coffee seedlings genes associated with salinity stress, in particular. This study will also provide important resources for further functional genomics studies.

Plants

Horticulturae

European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience, 2018

African Journal of Agricultural Research, Feb 15, 2018

Fermentation, 2020

Journal of Plant Biotechnology, 2018

Scientia Horticulturae, 2017

Scientia Horticulturae, 2016

Coffee - Production and Research, 2019

Journal of Food Quality, 2019

Fermentation

Food Science and Technology International

Concentrations of 5, 10, 20, and 40% deep sea water (DSW) were tested, with irrigation water serv... more Concentrations of 5, 10, 20, and 40% deep sea water (DSW) were tested, with irrigation water serving as the 0% control (tap water) on coffee (Coffea arabica L.) seedlings. The results showed that the growth parameters were affected significantly (α < 0.05) by the irrigation of 20 and 40% deep sea water. There were significant differences (α < 0.05) among treatments in stomata density/mm 2 , stomata width, and lowest values were obtained in the 40% DSW treatments. Electrolyte leakage was enhanced in 20 and 40% DSW irrigated seedling leaves. The highest relative leaf water content (84.5%) was obtained in the control treatment and the lowest in 40% DSW (74.6%). The application of diluted deep sea water also increased the soil electrical conductivity (EC, ds/m). The overall measured parameters indicated that the control, 5, and 10% DSW treatments showed approximate results. This indicates that 5% DSW can be used as irrigation water for coffee seedlings. Also, for some period of time, the 10% DSW can be used to irrigate coffee seedlings without causing significant negative effects.

This research was conducted to study the gene expression of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) seedlings ... more This research was conducted to study the gene expression of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) seedlings under salt stress condition. A solution of five percent (2.3 dS m-1) deep sea water was used for the salt treatment, and it was thereby compared to normal irrigation water (0.2 dS m-1) used for the control treatment. The mRNA was extracted from the leaves of the coffee seedlings for a comprehensive analysis. In this study, a total of 19,581 genes were identified and aligned to the reference sequences available in the coffee genome database. The gene ontology analysis was performed to estimate the number of genes associated with the identified biological processes, cellular components and molecular functions. Among the 19,581 genes, 7369 (37.64%) were associated with biological processes, 5909 (30.18%) with cellular components, and 5325 (27.19%) with molecular functions. The remaining 978 (4.99%) genes were therefore grouped as unclassified. A differential gene expression analysis was performed using the DESeq2 package to identify the genes that were differentially expressed between the treatments based on fold changes and p-values. Namely, a total of 611 differentially expressed genes were identified (treatment/control) in that case. Among these, 336 genes were up-regulated while 275 of the genes were down-regulated. Of the differentially expressed genes, 60 genes showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) expression, 44 of which were up-regulated and 16 which were down-regulated. We also identified 11 differentially expressed transcription factor genes, 6 of which were up-regulated and rest 5 genes were down-regulated. The data generated from this study will help in the continued interest and understanding of the responses of coffee seedlings genes associated with salinity stress, in particular. This study will also provide important resources for further functional genomics studies.