Dr Kamal Ghasemi Bezdi | Khorasan Razavi Agric & Natural Resources Res Center (original) (raw)
Papers by Dr Kamal Ghasemi Bezdi
Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2000
Journal of Plant Growth Regulation
Although the beneficial effects of growth regulators on deficit irrigation conditions are general... more Although the beneficial effects of growth regulators on deficit irrigation conditions are generally accepted, the mechanisms involved in this concept are limited. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of some plant growth regulators [benzyladenine (BA), abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), brassinosteroids (BRs), and cycocel (CCC)] on biochemical properties, yield, and fiber quality of Golestan, Kashmar, and Shayan cotton cultivars under two irrigation intervals for two years. Results showed that irrigation once every four weeks as drought stress reduced plant height, number of flowers, number of bolls and yield, by 9.3, 20.3, 15, and 7.3% compared to control, respectively. Deficit irrigation also reduced the fiber quality. The optimal flower number (8.95), boll number (11.37), yield (2709 kg.ha −1), lint percentage (39.5), and fiber length (29.6 mm) were found in Golestan (control) cultivar; the highest plant height (97.2 cm) and relative water content (RWC, 81%) were obtained in Kashmar (drought susceptible) cultivar; and the highest fiber strength (33.3 g.tex −1), Micronaire (4.72 microns), and fiber uniformity (86.8%) were found in Shayan (drought tolerant) cultivar. Irrigation once every two weeks with foliar CCC and BRs application led to the optimal yield, yield components, and physiological characteristics of cotton plants. In general, the results showed that drought stress reduced cotton yield, but the application of growth regulators alleviated the injured effects of water deficit.
Erwerbs-Obstbau
Most of the Juglandaceae plants which are important cultivated forms and have economic value in t... more Most of the Juglandaceae plants which are important cultivated forms and have economic value in the world belong to the Juglans and Carya genus. In this study artificial intergeneric crosses between two genera Carya (female) and Juglans (male) by two combinations of the one-way cross (Carya illinoensis × Juglans regia and Carya illinoensis × Juglans nigra) have been investigated. The primary goal was to give some insights for promising hybrids in walnut and pecan breeding programs. To identify putative hybrids, a total of 20 ISSR (inter simple sequence repeat) primers were pre-screened, and three polymorphic microsatellite markers were found to amplify for a final evaluation. A total of 67 amplified bands were generated, denoting 100% polymorphic status. The results showed that some bands in each primer are common among male parents and progeny, but are absent in female parents. These bands can confirm meiotic division, a true combination of male and female gametes and ultimately hybrid production.
Erwerbs-Obstbau
Present study was conducted to achieve intergeneric hybridization in Juglandaceae for the first t... more Present study was conducted to achieve intergeneric hybridization in Juglandaceae for the first time. Due to embryo abortion possibility, the embryo rescue technique was conducted via callus induction from immature hybrid embryo culture. For this reason, embryos were sampled at 20, 30, 40 and 60 days after pollination and cultured on two enrichment media (WPM and DKW). The developmental stage of immature embryo, kind of medium and addition of growth regulators to the induction medium played the role in promoting better callus and plantlet formation. The best quality and quantity of callus induction were achieved in 60 days’ explant. Maximum induction was in WPM and there was no callus induction in PGRs free medium. Browning was the most obstacle to conquer in callus proliferation. Germination of remained mature hybrid embryo until fruit harvest time was induced on three media (MS, WPM, and DKW). There were no significant differences between medium and male parents effect on germination parameters. But, MS and WPM performed better for hybrid embryo germination. The first germination was 7 days in MS and WPM and about 10 days for DKW after culture. In all medium the roots were robust and more developed than the leaves. The microplant transferred to soil after hardening.
Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2000
International Journal of Plant Production, 2012
The combination of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in one parent and a restorer gene (Rf) to res... more The combination of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in one parent and a restorer gene (Rf) to restore fertility in another are indispensable for the development of hybrid varieties. To genotype rice lines at the restoring fertility (Rf) loci, 38 lines were crossed with a sterile tester (rfrf) line. Pollen fertility test was performed to identify sterile and fertile F1 hybrids. Seven lines were identified as restorer lines. Then these F1 hybrids were self-pollinated to obtain F2 seeds, and at flowering stage pollen fertility test was performed to identify sterile and fertile individuals. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) in F2 showed that fertility in rice WA system is controlled by more than two loci, one on the short arm of chromosome 1, one on the short arm of chromosome 10, one on the long arm of chromosome 10 and an unknown Rf gene in the rice genome. Results also show that lines IR28, Amol1 and Amol2 carry Rf4 gene linked with SSR marker RM171 on the long arm of chromosome 10, li...
Due to the recalcitrant character of cotton in vitro culture as well as the lack of somatic embry... more Due to the recalcitrant character of cotton in vitro culture as well as the lack of somatic embryogenesis in most cotton cultivars, its shoot tips were used for producing synthetic seeds. Cotton seeds were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing B5 vitamins and 30 g/l sucrose. Explants were prepared from seedling shoots and placed on three dormant treatment media: 0.6 mg/l abscisic acid (ABA), 150 g/l sucrose and 6 g/l polyethyleneglycol (PEG). Treated and control shoots were encapsulated in calcium alginate and after storage at 4°C for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days, were regrown on MS medium containing B5 vitamins, 30 g/l sucrose, and 0.5 mg/l gibberellic acid (GA3). After 60 days in storage, PEG-treated shoots showed the highest regrowth rate (88.8%) while non-treated shoots did not show any regrowth. In non-storage conditions, shoots in control and sucrose treatments showed more growth than shoots treated with ABA and PEG. All samples treated for 60 days showed less gr...
Germination Percentage and Recovery of Lolium perenne L. and Bromus tomentellus Boiss. (Poaceae, ... more Germination Percentage and Recovery of Lolium perenne L. and Bromus tomentellus Boiss. (Poaceae, Liliopsida) Seeds at Several Osmotic Potential Levels of Iso-Osmotic Solutions. – Tilaki Dianati Ghasem Ali, Gholami Farzaneh, Bezdi Kamal Ghasemi, and Behtari Behzad. – Germination is a most salt-sensitive plant growth stage and severely inhibited with increasing salinity in both glycophytes and halophytes. In the present study, the effect of three levels of a salt (NaCl) and polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) on the germination of Lolium perenne L. and Bromus tomentellus Boiss. seeds was studied. The object was to reveal factors responsible for seed germination due to salt toxicity or the osmotic effect. The electrical conductivity (EC) values of NaCl solutions were 0, 5, 7, and 9 dSm. PEG 6000 induced drought conditions at the same osmotic potential of 0, -2, -3, and -4 bar. Our results showed that NaCl and PEG treatments had significant (p = 0.05) effect on the germination percentage and...
Animal Biotechnology, 2021
The nutritional value of some tree leaves (grape, common fig, barberry, sweet cherry, apricot, pe... more The nutritional value of some tree leaves (grape, common fig, barberry, sweet cherry, apricot, peach, and oleaster) was investigated by in vitro and common laboratory methods. Also, thirty Baluchi male lambs were randomly divided into five groups, including one control group (alfalfa) and four experimental groups, which received diets containing different leaves (barberry, apricot, peach, and grape). The crude protein content ranged from 128 for the sweet cherry to 164 g/kg DM for grape. Common fig and barberry had the greatest and lowest calcium (29.3 vs. 11.5 g/kg DM), respectively (p < 0.001). The greatest total volatile fatty acids, dry matter and organic matter digestibilities, as well as potential gas production, were observed in barberry leaves (p < 0.001). Apricot had the greatest acid-base buffering capacity (245 mEq × 10-3) (p < 0.001). Lambs fed with barberry had a greater average daily gain (179 g/day, p = 0.013). The results of in vitro and in vivo indicated that barberry leaves had a greater nutritional value among the studied leaves. It is concluded that alfalfa can be replaced with barberry, apricot, peach, and grape leaves up to 250 g/kg DM in diet without deleterious effects on performance, nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites, and hematology.
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2021
An investigation of the nutritional value of camelthorn (Alhagi maurorum) at three growth stages ... more An investigation of the nutritional value of camelthorn (Alhagi maurorum) at three growth stages and its substitution with part of the forage in Afshari ewes' diets
Nusantara Bioscience, May 1, 2014
Tilia platyphyllos is one of threatened species of Caspian forests. Tissue culture techniques are... more Tilia platyphyllos is one of threatened species of Caspian forests. Tissue culture techniques are applied for culture, regeneration and genetic resources preservation. Utilizing an accurate sterilization procedure is important to reduce the cost, time and energy. The aim of this present study was to provide optimization of in vitro sterilization protocol to obtain contamination-free cultures of T. platyphyllos. Explants were collected randomly from the best individuals of T. platyphyllos, which were located in Tooskestan forest of Gorgan, Iran. Results revealed that the optimum protocol for sterilization was when explants were exposed in pre-sterilizing solution of 600 mg L-1 ascorbic acid, 4 g L-1 captan fungicide and 5% commercial sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution (5% Cl activated) for 20 minutes and then explants were exposed in sterilizing solution containing 600 mg L-1 ascorbic acid and 10% sodium hypochlorite.
Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2018
Betulin (B) and betulinic acid (BA) are two triterpenes with diverse pharmacological and physiolo... more Betulin (B) and betulinic acid (BA) are two triterpenes with diverse pharmacological and physiological actions. Elicitation of Betula pendula Roth cell cultures by elicitors is an excellent strategy to increase B and BA levels. Six abiotic and biotic elicitors were studied to improve accumulation of B and BA in the cell culture of B. pendula. The B and BA production in treated cells was verified by HPLC. The results showed the maximum growth index (7) on day 3 in cells treated with 0.5 mg L À1 chlorocholine chloride (CCC). The increased accumulation of BA in the cells treated with 200 mg L À1 of chitosan was found to be 5.9 Â (6.5 mg g À1 DW) higher over control cells. Treating the cells with 2 mg L À1 of CCC, after 7 days, led to 149.3Â enhancement of B content (19.4 mg g À1 DW) over the controls. Production of this triterpenoid at a much shorter time with a much higher growth rate can be economic and lead to producing large amounts of B and BA for anticancer and HIV drugs preparation.
In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 2016
This study aimed to establish an in vitro protocol for callus induction and cell suspension cultu... more This study aimed to establish an in vitro protocol for callus induction and cell suspension cultures of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) and to assess the antioxidant activity of cell extract and the accumulation of betulin (B) and betulinic acid (BA). Callus was induced from the inner bark of stems on Gamborg (B5) and Nagata-Takebe (NT) media, and 23 different concentrations of growth regulators were tested. NT medium with 2.5 mg L −1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.5 mg L −1 6-benzylaminopurine was optimal for callus induction. Cell suspension cultures were developed to improve cell growth and metabolite production under different concentrations of NT vitamins. Methanolic cell extracts indicated that the BA content of callus increased from 1 to 9 mo, with a maximum 2.01 mg g −1 (dry weight [DW]) at 9 mo. The highest level of B observed in cell suspension cultures (0.96 mg g −1 DW) was obtained on medium supplemented with 4× NT vitamins. The highest antioxidant activities of the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical, 77 and 76%, were found in callus extract at 9 mo and cell extract in the 4× NT vitamin treatment, respectively. In conclusion, the use of NT medium supplemented with 4× NT vitamins effectively increased cell growth and the accumulation of B, BA, and antioxidant activity in cell suspension cultures of B. pendula.
Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2000
Journal of Plant Growth Regulation
Although the beneficial effects of growth regulators on deficit irrigation conditions are general... more Although the beneficial effects of growth regulators on deficit irrigation conditions are generally accepted, the mechanisms involved in this concept are limited. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of some plant growth regulators [benzyladenine (BA), abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), brassinosteroids (BRs), and cycocel (CCC)] on biochemical properties, yield, and fiber quality of Golestan, Kashmar, and Shayan cotton cultivars under two irrigation intervals for two years. Results showed that irrigation once every four weeks as drought stress reduced plant height, number of flowers, number of bolls and yield, by 9.3, 20.3, 15, and 7.3% compared to control, respectively. Deficit irrigation also reduced the fiber quality. The optimal flower number (8.95), boll number (11.37), yield (2709 kg.ha −1), lint percentage (39.5), and fiber length (29.6 mm) were found in Golestan (control) cultivar; the highest plant height (97.2 cm) and relative water content (RWC, 81%) were obtained in Kashmar (drought susceptible) cultivar; and the highest fiber strength (33.3 g.tex −1), Micronaire (4.72 microns), and fiber uniformity (86.8%) were found in Shayan (drought tolerant) cultivar. Irrigation once every two weeks with foliar CCC and BRs application led to the optimal yield, yield components, and physiological characteristics of cotton plants. In general, the results showed that drought stress reduced cotton yield, but the application of growth regulators alleviated the injured effects of water deficit.
Erwerbs-Obstbau
Most of the Juglandaceae plants which are important cultivated forms and have economic value in t... more Most of the Juglandaceae plants which are important cultivated forms and have economic value in the world belong to the Juglans and Carya genus. In this study artificial intergeneric crosses between two genera Carya (female) and Juglans (male) by two combinations of the one-way cross (Carya illinoensis × Juglans regia and Carya illinoensis × Juglans nigra) have been investigated. The primary goal was to give some insights for promising hybrids in walnut and pecan breeding programs. To identify putative hybrids, a total of 20 ISSR (inter simple sequence repeat) primers were pre-screened, and three polymorphic microsatellite markers were found to amplify for a final evaluation. A total of 67 amplified bands were generated, denoting 100% polymorphic status. The results showed that some bands in each primer are common among male parents and progeny, but are absent in female parents. These bands can confirm meiotic division, a true combination of male and female gametes and ultimately hybrid production.
Erwerbs-Obstbau
Present study was conducted to achieve intergeneric hybridization in Juglandaceae for the first t... more Present study was conducted to achieve intergeneric hybridization in Juglandaceae for the first time. Due to embryo abortion possibility, the embryo rescue technique was conducted via callus induction from immature hybrid embryo culture. For this reason, embryos were sampled at 20, 30, 40 and 60 days after pollination and cultured on two enrichment media (WPM and DKW). The developmental stage of immature embryo, kind of medium and addition of growth regulators to the induction medium played the role in promoting better callus and plantlet formation. The best quality and quantity of callus induction were achieved in 60 days’ explant. Maximum induction was in WPM and there was no callus induction in PGRs free medium. Browning was the most obstacle to conquer in callus proliferation. Germination of remained mature hybrid embryo until fruit harvest time was induced on three media (MS, WPM, and DKW). There were no significant differences between medium and male parents effect on germination parameters. But, MS and WPM performed better for hybrid embryo germination. The first germination was 7 days in MS and WPM and about 10 days for DKW after culture. In all medium the roots were robust and more developed than the leaves. The microplant transferred to soil after hardening.
Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2000
International Journal of Plant Production, 2012
The combination of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in one parent and a restorer gene (Rf) to res... more The combination of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in one parent and a restorer gene (Rf) to restore fertility in another are indispensable for the development of hybrid varieties. To genotype rice lines at the restoring fertility (Rf) loci, 38 lines were crossed with a sterile tester (rfrf) line. Pollen fertility test was performed to identify sterile and fertile F1 hybrids. Seven lines were identified as restorer lines. Then these F1 hybrids were self-pollinated to obtain F2 seeds, and at flowering stage pollen fertility test was performed to identify sterile and fertile individuals. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) in F2 showed that fertility in rice WA system is controlled by more than two loci, one on the short arm of chromosome 1, one on the short arm of chromosome 10, one on the long arm of chromosome 10 and an unknown Rf gene in the rice genome. Results also show that lines IR28, Amol1 and Amol2 carry Rf4 gene linked with SSR marker RM171 on the long arm of chromosome 10, li...
Due to the recalcitrant character of cotton in vitro culture as well as the lack of somatic embry... more Due to the recalcitrant character of cotton in vitro culture as well as the lack of somatic embryogenesis in most cotton cultivars, its shoot tips were used for producing synthetic seeds. Cotton seeds were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing B5 vitamins and 30 g/l sucrose. Explants were prepared from seedling shoots and placed on three dormant treatment media: 0.6 mg/l abscisic acid (ABA), 150 g/l sucrose and 6 g/l polyethyleneglycol (PEG). Treated and control shoots were encapsulated in calcium alginate and after storage at 4°C for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days, were regrown on MS medium containing B5 vitamins, 30 g/l sucrose, and 0.5 mg/l gibberellic acid (GA3). After 60 days in storage, PEG-treated shoots showed the highest regrowth rate (88.8%) while non-treated shoots did not show any regrowth. In non-storage conditions, shoots in control and sucrose treatments showed more growth than shoots treated with ABA and PEG. All samples treated for 60 days showed less gr...
Germination Percentage and Recovery of Lolium perenne L. and Bromus tomentellus Boiss. (Poaceae, ... more Germination Percentage and Recovery of Lolium perenne L. and Bromus tomentellus Boiss. (Poaceae, Liliopsida) Seeds at Several Osmotic Potential Levels of Iso-Osmotic Solutions. – Tilaki Dianati Ghasem Ali, Gholami Farzaneh, Bezdi Kamal Ghasemi, and Behtari Behzad. – Germination is a most salt-sensitive plant growth stage and severely inhibited with increasing salinity in both glycophytes and halophytes. In the present study, the effect of three levels of a salt (NaCl) and polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) on the germination of Lolium perenne L. and Bromus tomentellus Boiss. seeds was studied. The object was to reveal factors responsible for seed germination due to salt toxicity or the osmotic effect. The electrical conductivity (EC) values of NaCl solutions were 0, 5, 7, and 9 dSm. PEG 6000 induced drought conditions at the same osmotic potential of 0, -2, -3, and -4 bar. Our results showed that NaCl and PEG treatments had significant (p = 0.05) effect on the germination percentage and...
Animal Biotechnology, 2021
The nutritional value of some tree leaves (grape, common fig, barberry, sweet cherry, apricot, pe... more The nutritional value of some tree leaves (grape, common fig, barberry, sweet cherry, apricot, peach, and oleaster) was investigated by in vitro and common laboratory methods. Also, thirty Baluchi male lambs were randomly divided into five groups, including one control group (alfalfa) and four experimental groups, which received diets containing different leaves (barberry, apricot, peach, and grape). The crude protein content ranged from 128 for the sweet cherry to 164 g/kg DM for grape. Common fig and barberry had the greatest and lowest calcium (29.3 vs. 11.5 g/kg DM), respectively (p < 0.001). The greatest total volatile fatty acids, dry matter and organic matter digestibilities, as well as potential gas production, were observed in barberry leaves (p < 0.001). Apricot had the greatest acid-base buffering capacity (245 mEq × 10-3) (p < 0.001). Lambs fed with barberry had a greater average daily gain (179 g/day, p = 0.013). The results of in vitro and in vivo indicated that barberry leaves had a greater nutritional value among the studied leaves. It is concluded that alfalfa can be replaced with barberry, apricot, peach, and grape leaves up to 250 g/kg DM in diet without deleterious effects on performance, nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites, and hematology.
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2021
An investigation of the nutritional value of camelthorn (Alhagi maurorum) at three growth stages ... more An investigation of the nutritional value of camelthorn (Alhagi maurorum) at three growth stages and its substitution with part of the forage in Afshari ewes' diets
Nusantara Bioscience, May 1, 2014
Tilia platyphyllos is one of threatened species of Caspian forests. Tissue culture techniques are... more Tilia platyphyllos is one of threatened species of Caspian forests. Tissue culture techniques are applied for culture, regeneration and genetic resources preservation. Utilizing an accurate sterilization procedure is important to reduce the cost, time and energy. The aim of this present study was to provide optimization of in vitro sterilization protocol to obtain contamination-free cultures of T. platyphyllos. Explants were collected randomly from the best individuals of T. platyphyllos, which were located in Tooskestan forest of Gorgan, Iran. Results revealed that the optimum protocol for sterilization was when explants were exposed in pre-sterilizing solution of 600 mg L-1 ascorbic acid, 4 g L-1 captan fungicide and 5% commercial sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution (5% Cl activated) for 20 minutes and then explants were exposed in sterilizing solution containing 600 mg L-1 ascorbic acid and 10% sodium hypochlorite.
Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2018
Betulin (B) and betulinic acid (BA) are two triterpenes with diverse pharmacological and physiolo... more Betulin (B) and betulinic acid (BA) are two triterpenes with diverse pharmacological and physiological actions. Elicitation of Betula pendula Roth cell cultures by elicitors is an excellent strategy to increase B and BA levels. Six abiotic and biotic elicitors were studied to improve accumulation of B and BA in the cell culture of B. pendula. The B and BA production in treated cells was verified by HPLC. The results showed the maximum growth index (7) on day 3 in cells treated with 0.5 mg L À1 chlorocholine chloride (CCC). The increased accumulation of BA in the cells treated with 200 mg L À1 of chitosan was found to be 5.9 Â (6.5 mg g À1 DW) higher over control cells. Treating the cells with 2 mg L À1 of CCC, after 7 days, led to 149.3Â enhancement of B content (19.4 mg g À1 DW) over the controls. Production of this triterpenoid at a much shorter time with a much higher growth rate can be economic and lead to producing large amounts of B and BA for anticancer and HIV drugs preparation.
In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 2016
This study aimed to establish an in vitro protocol for callus induction and cell suspension cultu... more This study aimed to establish an in vitro protocol for callus induction and cell suspension cultures of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) and to assess the antioxidant activity of cell extract and the accumulation of betulin (B) and betulinic acid (BA). Callus was induced from the inner bark of stems on Gamborg (B5) and Nagata-Takebe (NT) media, and 23 different concentrations of growth regulators were tested. NT medium with 2.5 mg L −1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.5 mg L −1 6-benzylaminopurine was optimal for callus induction. Cell suspension cultures were developed to improve cell growth and metabolite production under different concentrations of NT vitamins. Methanolic cell extracts indicated that the BA content of callus increased from 1 to 9 mo, with a maximum 2.01 mg g −1 (dry weight [DW]) at 9 mo. The highest level of B observed in cell suspension cultures (0.96 mg g −1 DW) was obtained on medium supplemented with 4× NT vitamins. The highest antioxidant activities of the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical, 77 and 76%, were found in callus extract at 9 mo and cell extract in the 4× NT vitamin treatment, respectively. In conclusion, the use of NT medium supplemented with 4× NT vitamins effectively increased cell growth and the accumulation of B, BA, and antioxidant activity in cell suspension cultures of B. pendula.