Margaret S Kelley | University of Kansas (original) (raw)
Papers by Margaret S Kelley
Social Science & Medicine, 2005
Using self-report data from representative community samples of Moscow and Toronto adults, we exa... more Using self-report data from representative community samples of Moscow and Toronto adults, we examine the effects of sex, masculinity, and femininity on alcohol use. Consistent with prior research, our results show that men in Moscow and Toronto drink significantly more than women; women in both samples tend more toward conventional femininity than men; and masculinity levels are greater among Toronto men relative to Toronto women. Moscow men and women, however, show comparable masculinity levels. Neither masculinity nor femininity explains the sex gap in alcohol use in either sample. However, sex-and sample-specific effects are identified. In Toronto, femininity is associated with higher alcohol use among women. In Moscow, masculinity is associated with lower use among men and higher use among women. The findings provide preliminary support for our assertion that the characteristics of national contexts, such as drinking norms and ''Soviet-style socialism'' [Cockerham, Snead, & Dewaal (2002). Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 43, 42-55] interact with traditional gender role orientations to influence alcohol use patterns. We suggest that a movement toward culturally sensitive policies that consider sex-specific social expectations and responses may contribute to improved health outcomes across nations.
Rutgers University Press eBooks, Dec 31, 2020
Social Science & Medicine, 2005
Using self-report data from representative community samples of Moscow and Toronto adults, we exa... more Using self-report data from representative community samples of Moscow and Toronto adults, we examine the effects of sex, masculinity, and femininity on alcohol use. Consistent with prior research, our results show that men in Moscow and Toronto drink significantly more than women; women in both samples tend more toward conventional femininity than men; and masculinity levels are greater among Toronto men relative to Toronto women. Moscow men and women, however, show comparable masculinity levels. Neither masculinity nor femininity explains the sex gap in alcohol use in either sample. However, sex-and sample-specific effects are identified. In Toronto, femininity is associated with higher alcohol use among women. In Moscow, masculinity is associated with lower use among men and higher use among women. The findings provide preliminary support for our assertion that the characteristics of national contexts, such as drinking norms and ''Soviet-style socialism'' [Cockerham, Snead, & Dewaal (2002). Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 43, 42-55] interact with traditional gender role orientations to influence alcohol use patterns. We suggest that a movement toward culturally sensitive policies that consider sex-specific social expectations and responses may contribute to improved health outcomes across nations.
TRAILS: Teaching Resources and Innovations Library for Sociology, Apr 26, 2010
Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Sep 1, 2005
The authors examine the organizational transformation of Prevention Point, the San Francisco-base... more The authors examine the organizational transformation of Prevention Point, the San Francisco-based syringe exchange program. Their purposes are to explore the processes of organizational change, focus on the impact of formalization on members and organizational goals, and contextualize these in light of belonging to an underground organization. They highlight the volunteers' motivation and commitment, and their responses to the organizational changes. Drawing on qualitative interviews with 56 service providers, conducted from 1993 to 1995, the authors document the changes in the organization and the members'perceptions of it as it moved from an illegal, deviant group to a socially sanctioned service organization. This transition is shown to have ultimately undermined much of the basis for volunteer commitment, reinforcing the shift in responsibility from the membership to a new management structure. These findings have implications for the larger problem of maintaining volunteer engagement in volunteer work.
The use of formal mentoring programs for adolescents at risk has received attention from parents ... more The use of formal mentoring programs for adolescents at risk has received attention from parents administrators scholars and public officials in recent years. While studies have shown positive results from the mentoring of adolescents the conditions and context of mentoring (type ...
Contemporary Drug Problems, 2001
We examine one way in which needle-exchange services in the San Francisco Bay Area have affected ... more We examine one way in which needle-exchange services in the San Francisco Bay Area have affected needle-sharing and sexual-risk behaviors for injection drug users. We interviewed, qualitatively and quantitatively, 244 participants. Our analysis focuses on comparisons in HIV/AIDS-risk behaviors for a subcategory of “new” injectors: those initiating after the introduction of needle-exchange services in 1988 (n=57). We found that some new injectors benefited from the presence of “safer-injection mentors.” That is, those with someone to teach them harm reduction from their initiation of injection drug use were somewhat more likely to report safer injection practices at the time of interview. We also found that the mentoring process included sharing of information about needle-exchange services. Our results point to evidence of the effectiveness of needle-exchange services in contributing to a culture of harm reduction for injection drug users.
Children and Youth Services Review, 2018
Research in the field of adolescent delinquency has, for some time now, shown a positive correlat... more Research in the field of adolescent delinquency has, for some time now, shown a positive correlation between mentoring relationships and increased social capital, such as self-esteem, education, and employment achievements. Youth who have a mentor are also likely to have lower rates of some measures of problem behaviors. These findings, however, are complicated by factors such as type of mentor and characteristics of the mentoring relationship. In this paper, we use life-course theory and the sociological construct of “mattering” derived from social learning theory, as frameworks for disentangling predictors of delinquency and the role of mentors. Given the usually positive influence of mentors in the lives of youths, especially those considered “at-risk,” we explore the role of natural mentors in the delinquency and dangerousness outcomes of adolescents using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health data (Add Health), waves I-III (N = 10,120). Results show that...
In this article, I use the 2018 Guns in American Life Survey (GALS) to investigate the relationsh... more In this article, I use the 2018 Guns in American Life Survey (GALS) to investigate the relationship between feminist identity, gun ownership, gun carrying, and women’s empowerment. Notably, while identifying as a feminist lessens the likelihood that a woman will own a gun, of women who own handguns, feminists are more likely to carry their guns all or most of the time. Past victimization is associated with ownership and carrying, confirming genuine concern by women about their safety. Finally, findings reveal that women are more empowered by guns than are men and the relationship is moderated by age. Results are discussed in light of the current American gun culture focused on self-defense and a carry mindset that some women develop as feminist culture in action.
readings on drugs and society the criminal connection paperback. Book lovers, when you need a new... more readings on drugs and society the criminal connection paperback. Book lovers, when you need a new book to read, find the book here. Never worry not to find what you need. Is the readings on drugs and society the criminal connection paperback your needed book now? That's true; you are really a good reader. This is a perfect book that comes from great author to share with you. The book offers the best experience and lesson to take, not only take, but also learn.
Mentors for adolescents are widely believed to improve life chances and reduce problem behavior. ... more Mentors for adolescents are widely believed to improve life chances and reduce problem behavior. Using 42 retrospective qualitative interviews with undergraduate former high school athletes and social learning theory as a framework, we investigate what it means to adolescents to matter to their school-based natural mentors. Findings indicate that natural mentors represent a fundamental social connection that helped participants feel like they mattered. We identify three structural domains of social identity in which mattering operates: relationship, gender, and athletic. Natural mentoring led to connecting with non-kin, feeling important, and creating accountability to significant others. Mentorship and mattering were deeply gendered; in reinforcing attributes of athletic success and physical or mental growth, mentor relationships both contributed to and helped subvert the structure of traditional gender roles and provide insight into the ways men and women navigate the contested and gendered space of sport. Finally, these mentoring relationships demonstrated the intersectional nature of sport and its physicality by linking the body and soul. Mattering is the mechanism for social learning that facilitates these crucial relationships. The implications of these findings are discussed, along with suggestions for future research.
Crime and Social …, 2002
... 409. 314. 274. 509. 680. 469 n,. 710. 516. 691. 551. 778. 776. 509 Panel C: Off-Diagonal Elem... more ... 409. 314. 274. 509. 680. 469 n,. 710. 516. 691. 551. 778. 776. 509 Panel C: Off-Diagonal Elements of TE Matrix TE,,= 0.242 Panel D: Standard Errors of Correlations in Eta Matrix n. Hi n4 ii It 1| n,. 010 i,. 076. 074 n4. 091. 076. 178 n,. 072. 066. 068. 143 . 137. 105. 101. 102. ...
Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion
The Sociological Quarterly
Journal of Drug Issues
How do students make judgments about their future behaviors involving the use of alcohol? The pre... more How do students make judgments about their future behaviors involving the use of alcohol? The present study advances deterrence theory by introducing elements of attribution theory while examining the perceived deterrent effects of a newly instituted dry policy on a college campus. A phone survey of 508 full-time undergraduate students between the ages of 18 and 26 was conducted 1 year following the ban on alcohol. Hypotheses are presented in two models and predict that deterrence (surveillance and enforcement) and blame explain intentions to violate the alcohol policy. These relationships are expected to be mediated by problem attribution and shame and are moderated by gender. Results show that perceived peer surveillance does reduce intentions to violate the policy in the future but formal enforcement does not. Findings further indicate that attributing blame acts to increase the likelihood of experiencing shame, therefore, reducing intentions to violate the alcohol policy. Gender...
Gender and Education, 2016
Social Science & Medicine, 2005
Using self-report data from representative community samples of Moscow and Toronto adults, we exa... more Using self-report data from representative community samples of Moscow and Toronto adults, we examine the effects of sex, masculinity, and femininity on alcohol use. Consistent with prior research, our results show that men in Moscow and Toronto drink significantly more than women; women in both samples tend more toward conventional femininity than men; and masculinity levels are greater among Toronto men relative to Toronto women. Moscow men and women, however, show comparable masculinity levels. Neither masculinity nor femininity explains the sex gap in alcohol use in either sample. However, sex-and sample-specific effects are identified. In Toronto, femininity is associated with higher alcohol use among women. In Moscow, masculinity is associated with lower use among men and higher use among women. The findings provide preliminary support for our assertion that the characteristics of national contexts, such as drinking norms and ''Soviet-style socialism'' [Cockerham, Snead, & Dewaal (2002). Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 43, 42-55] interact with traditional gender role orientations to influence alcohol use patterns. We suggest that a movement toward culturally sensitive policies that consider sex-specific social expectations and responses may contribute to improved health outcomes across nations.
Rutgers University Press eBooks, Dec 31, 2020
Social Science & Medicine, 2005
Using self-report data from representative community samples of Moscow and Toronto adults, we exa... more Using self-report data from representative community samples of Moscow and Toronto adults, we examine the effects of sex, masculinity, and femininity on alcohol use. Consistent with prior research, our results show that men in Moscow and Toronto drink significantly more than women; women in both samples tend more toward conventional femininity than men; and masculinity levels are greater among Toronto men relative to Toronto women. Moscow men and women, however, show comparable masculinity levels. Neither masculinity nor femininity explains the sex gap in alcohol use in either sample. However, sex-and sample-specific effects are identified. In Toronto, femininity is associated with higher alcohol use among women. In Moscow, masculinity is associated with lower use among men and higher use among women. The findings provide preliminary support for our assertion that the characteristics of national contexts, such as drinking norms and ''Soviet-style socialism'' [Cockerham, Snead, & Dewaal (2002). Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 43, 42-55] interact with traditional gender role orientations to influence alcohol use patterns. We suggest that a movement toward culturally sensitive policies that consider sex-specific social expectations and responses may contribute to improved health outcomes across nations.
TRAILS: Teaching Resources and Innovations Library for Sociology, Apr 26, 2010
Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Sep 1, 2005
The authors examine the organizational transformation of Prevention Point, the San Francisco-base... more The authors examine the organizational transformation of Prevention Point, the San Francisco-based syringe exchange program. Their purposes are to explore the processes of organizational change, focus on the impact of formalization on members and organizational goals, and contextualize these in light of belonging to an underground organization. They highlight the volunteers' motivation and commitment, and their responses to the organizational changes. Drawing on qualitative interviews with 56 service providers, conducted from 1993 to 1995, the authors document the changes in the organization and the members'perceptions of it as it moved from an illegal, deviant group to a socially sanctioned service organization. This transition is shown to have ultimately undermined much of the basis for volunteer commitment, reinforcing the shift in responsibility from the membership to a new management structure. These findings have implications for the larger problem of maintaining volunteer engagement in volunteer work.
The use of formal mentoring programs for adolescents at risk has received attention from parents ... more The use of formal mentoring programs for adolescents at risk has received attention from parents administrators scholars and public officials in recent years. While studies have shown positive results from the mentoring of adolescents the conditions and context of mentoring (type ...
Contemporary Drug Problems, 2001
We examine one way in which needle-exchange services in the San Francisco Bay Area have affected ... more We examine one way in which needle-exchange services in the San Francisco Bay Area have affected needle-sharing and sexual-risk behaviors for injection drug users. We interviewed, qualitatively and quantitatively, 244 participants. Our analysis focuses on comparisons in HIV/AIDS-risk behaviors for a subcategory of “new” injectors: those initiating after the introduction of needle-exchange services in 1988 (n=57). We found that some new injectors benefited from the presence of “safer-injection mentors.” That is, those with someone to teach them harm reduction from their initiation of injection drug use were somewhat more likely to report safer injection practices at the time of interview. We also found that the mentoring process included sharing of information about needle-exchange services. Our results point to evidence of the effectiveness of needle-exchange services in contributing to a culture of harm reduction for injection drug users.
Children and Youth Services Review, 2018
Research in the field of adolescent delinquency has, for some time now, shown a positive correlat... more Research in the field of adolescent delinquency has, for some time now, shown a positive correlation between mentoring relationships and increased social capital, such as self-esteem, education, and employment achievements. Youth who have a mentor are also likely to have lower rates of some measures of problem behaviors. These findings, however, are complicated by factors such as type of mentor and characteristics of the mentoring relationship. In this paper, we use life-course theory and the sociological construct of “mattering” derived from social learning theory, as frameworks for disentangling predictors of delinquency and the role of mentors. Given the usually positive influence of mentors in the lives of youths, especially those considered “at-risk,” we explore the role of natural mentors in the delinquency and dangerousness outcomes of adolescents using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health data (Add Health), waves I-III (N = 10,120). Results show that...
In this article, I use the 2018 Guns in American Life Survey (GALS) to investigate the relationsh... more In this article, I use the 2018 Guns in American Life Survey (GALS) to investigate the relationship between feminist identity, gun ownership, gun carrying, and women’s empowerment. Notably, while identifying as a feminist lessens the likelihood that a woman will own a gun, of women who own handguns, feminists are more likely to carry their guns all or most of the time. Past victimization is associated with ownership and carrying, confirming genuine concern by women about their safety. Finally, findings reveal that women are more empowered by guns than are men and the relationship is moderated by age. Results are discussed in light of the current American gun culture focused on self-defense and a carry mindset that some women develop as feminist culture in action.
readings on drugs and society the criminal connection paperback. Book lovers, when you need a new... more readings on drugs and society the criminal connection paperback. Book lovers, when you need a new book to read, find the book here. Never worry not to find what you need. Is the readings on drugs and society the criminal connection paperback your needed book now? That's true; you are really a good reader. This is a perfect book that comes from great author to share with you. The book offers the best experience and lesson to take, not only take, but also learn.
Mentors for adolescents are widely believed to improve life chances and reduce problem behavior. ... more Mentors for adolescents are widely believed to improve life chances and reduce problem behavior. Using 42 retrospective qualitative interviews with undergraduate former high school athletes and social learning theory as a framework, we investigate what it means to adolescents to matter to their school-based natural mentors. Findings indicate that natural mentors represent a fundamental social connection that helped participants feel like they mattered. We identify three structural domains of social identity in which mattering operates: relationship, gender, and athletic. Natural mentoring led to connecting with non-kin, feeling important, and creating accountability to significant others. Mentorship and mattering were deeply gendered; in reinforcing attributes of athletic success and physical or mental growth, mentor relationships both contributed to and helped subvert the structure of traditional gender roles and provide insight into the ways men and women navigate the contested and gendered space of sport. Finally, these mentoring relationships demonstrated the intersectional nature of sport and its physicality by linking the body and soul. Mattering is the mechanism for social learning that facilitates these crucial relationships. The implications of these findings are discussed, along with suggestions for future research.
Crime and Social …, 2002
... 409. 314. 274. 509. 680. 469 n,. 710. 516. 691. 551. 778. 776. 509 Panel C: Off-Diagonal Elem... more ... 409. 314. 274. 509. 680. 469 n,. 710. 516. 691. 551. 778. 776. 509 Panel C: Off-Diagonal Elements of TE Matrix TE,,= 0.242 Panel D: Standard Errors of Correlations in Eta Matrix n. Hi n4 ii It 1| n,. 010 i,. 076. 074 n4. 091. 076. 178 n,. 072. 066. 068. 143 . 137. 105. 101. 102. ...
Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion
The Sociological Quarterly
Journal of Drug Issues
How do students make judgments about their future behaviors involving the use of alcohol? The pre... more How do students make judgments about their future behaviors involving the use of alcohol? The present study advances deterrence theory by introducing elements of attribution theory while examining the perceived deterrent effects of a newly instituted dry policy on a college campus. A phone survey of 508 full-time undergraduate students between the ages of 18 and 26 was conducted 1 year following the ban on alcohol. Hypotheses are presented in two models and predict that deterrence (surveillance and enforcement) and blame explain intentions to violate the alcohol policy. These relationships are expected to be mediated by problem attribution and shame and are moderated by gender. Results show that perceived peer surveillance does reduce intentions to violate the policy in the future but formal enforcement does not. Findings further indicate that attributing blame acts to increase the likelihood of experiencing shame, therefore, reducing intentions to violate the alcohol policy. Gender...
Gender and Education, 2016