Hussaini A Abdulkareem | Kaduna polytechnic kaduna nigeria (original) (raw)

Papers by Hussaini A Abdulkareem

Flocculator, a major component of water treatment plant is required for attaining the Internation... more Flocculator, a major component of water treatment plant is required for attaining the International Standard for a potable drinking water is hereby design for rural domestic water supply. This is for an estimated population of 260,000 people with an average consumption rate of 0.057 mgd (million gallons daily). The dimension of the flocculator is 2m x 2m x 2.5m i.e. 10m3in volume with a power input of 0.0036kw and detention time of 54.36min.Provision is also made for future expansion in the event of an increase in the communities’ population. The sinuous channels principle used aided in minimal power requirement for the system.

This paper presents the development of quality acceptance sampling plan for imported hot steel sh... more This paper presents the development of quality acceptance sampling plan for imported hot steel sheet in Nigeria. Acceptance sampling technique is one of the most efficient and cost effective sampling method of determining the quality assurance of lot of production product and material. Double sampling plan used in this presentation lead to rejection of a lot of hot rolled steel sheet imported in to the Country. Though not conclusive because of low data collected, but the analysis indicate the possibility of large volume of imported Hot rolled steel sheet into the Country have quality much lower than the internationally accepted Quality standard.

In any water treatment plant particularly in the rural communities, the provision of potable wate... more In any water treatment plant particularly in the rural communities, the provision of potable water supply system is a difficult task due to unavailability of sustainable power supply system. A mechanically operated mixer for pre-chlorination tank is a major pre-requisite in such a system. The design of a mechanically operated mixer has been successfully carried out leading to an efficient control of algae, aeration and coagulation process which is capable of storing potable water for a period of 3.7 hour for small rural community in Borno State, Nigeria in the event of failure of the pumping system.

A Rotating disc is a machine part of great importance, one could not Imagine machine design or pr... more A Rotating disc is a machine part of great importance, one could not Imagine machine design or production processes without rotors, pulleys, gears, fans, flywheels, grinding wheels, saw blades etc., all being one or another but always a rotating disc. The stresses in the disc are primarily radial and hoop stresses and are due to inertia. If rotors have been built as disc of uniform thickness, they could rotate with low speed only. A rotating material with the speed of 100 m/s produces stresses approximately 0.8 times the yield stress. In modern turbines and compressors for instance, the needed speed is 200 m/s to 300m/s. Thus there is the need to construct a disc that would stand these high rotations (disc of variable thickness).This paper presents the final equations for stress distribution in stepped disc and a computer base calculation supporting these have been Included. INTRODUCTION Analytical solutions of disc of variable thickness are very limited, and the only one efficientl...

This paper discuss the qualitative leaching of iron ore in hydrochloric acid and multi gravity se... more This paper discuss the qualitative leaching of iron ore in hydrochloric acid and multi gravity separation method as new strategies for reducing lost of iron during production. The focus of the paper is on the potential of iron ore development and supplies from Third world for Sustainable Development and to enter and sustain in the export global competitive Market..

Data analysis and evaluation form the basis of all engineering design. In order to come up with a... more Data analysis and evaluation form the basis of all engineering design. In order to come up with a cost effective design of a water treatment plant in small communities around Maiduguri, Borno State, the population as well as the surface water within the selected localities were evaluated and analyzed leading to a process selection which is expected to provide potable drinking water that satisfies the requirement of WHO (world Health Organization) standard.

The chlorinator is use as a discharge for chlorine which service as a disinfectant of bacterial i... more The chlorinator is use as a discharge for chlorine which service as a disinfectant of bacterial in the rural water treatment plant in a small village community in Borno State. The percentage of chlorine was evaluated to be approximately 0.00002% which is within the accepted international standard limit for drinking water. The retention time of 5hrs was taken for the tank with volume of 0.0101m3and diameter of 250mm and a calculated height of 206mm, the diameter of the orifice is approximately 1.5mm. Wood was use as the material for the construction of the tank because of its high resistance to chemicals.

Water treatment plant uses pumps extensively for lifting from one level to another, for a small p... more Water treatment plant uses pumps extensively for lifting from one level to another, for a small plant in a rural community the needed pump is selected for a total head of 9.221 m as calculated. This led to a selection of pump with flow rate of 0.0074 m/s (7.407 liters/s) and an output power of 1.894 kw(2.54 hp). The storage tank is design to cater for about 260,000 people and when the pump is shut there will be supply of about 3.7 hrs.

A settling basin being one of the major components in any water treatment plant be it small or la... more A settling basin being one of the major components in any water treatment plant be it small or large scale was design for a small village community with an access river or stream water source. The capacity of the settling basin is taken as 10m 3 which is same dimension of the flocculate so as to ease construction and better flexibility of unit to future expansion. The overflow rate of the settlement tank is evaluated to be 51.84m/day with a settlement velocity Vs of 0.06m/s.

International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research , 2019

A large number of urban and rural settlements in Northern Nigeria are without reliable access to ... more A large number of urban and rural settlements in Northern Nigeria are without reliable access to a source of clean drinking water. In particular, hospitals and schools that serve a sizable population experience strain in obtaining clean drinking water. Furthermore, the national electric grid of Nigeria particularly the distribution agencies cannot always be relied on to provide consistent power, giving rise to the need for an alternate source of power. We provide a possible solution using a portable water system powered by a photovoltaic array. These solar-powered systems can supply institutions with clean water independent of the electric grid, providing reliable and economical access to drinking water.

International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research , 2019

The Work Involves the Examination of the Possible Failure Modes/Causes that occur in a Air-condit... more The Work Involves the Examination of the Possible Failure Modes/Causes that occur in a Air-condition for safety of operation, time and routine maintenance. The failure modes/causes constitute the total failure of a Air-condition which if identified and eliminated will ensure high level of reliability, availability and efficiency of the system. The methodology employed the identification of significant few and insignificant many Air-condition failures using Pareto analysis in capturing the failure modes, which help in determining which of these modes/causes, have an overriding importance in terms of frequency of occurrence and extent of possible damage, it is also crucial in reliability assessment. Field failure data were collected from Ministry of Works and Housing Borno State Maintenance Handbook in 198 a period at which full maintenance documentation was up to date. The Pareto chart was then plotted using line-column in two axis Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. The result indicates that attending to Compressor, Gasket leakage, Thermostat, Motor and blower, Condenser, Evaporator coil, Capacitor, Blown fuse and burn contact failures will lead to reliability increase. Hazard and probability plots were made which shows the mean time before failure MTBF of μ = 48.554 hours. They indicate the distribution of failure time to be exponential with a failure rate of λ = 0.0202[hr]-1 .

International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention, 2019

The availability of domestic natural gas and petroleum products cannot meet the high demand for t... more The availability of domestic natural gas and petroleum products cannot meet the high demand for these energy sources by the population. It is therefore, necessary to carry out research that can lead to producing energy from renewable sources such as biomass which are biodegradable and environmentally friendly. Improvements were made on the process of quantitative Bioethanol production from rotten fruits by residual thermal energy cogeneration method using Soxhlet and Rotary evaporator equipment. 3kg each of rotten orange, banana and pineapple were used. The results indicated that 500ml, and each filtrate of the fermented fruit produced bioethanol of volume390.0±13.0 ml, 270.0±11.0 ml and 350.0±14.0ml representing 78% 54% and 70% bioethanol percentage yields for orange, banana and pineapple respectively with soxhlet equipment. While with rotary evaporator equipment, the volume and % yield of the Bio ethanol produced were 315.0±12.0 ml,230.0±11.0 ml and 255±11 ml with 63%, 46% and 51% respectively for orange, banana and pineapple. Orange has the highest % yield of the bioethanol produced in both soxhlet and rotary residual cogeneration methods followed by pineapple and banana. However, the process was found to be faster with pineapple and banana (150 min) than with orange (180 min) for the two equipment. It has been therefore suggested that the waste fruits of orange, banana and pineapple could be used for the production of bioethanol as an alternative energy source.

— Statistical analysis of five years record in a bottling company was carried out during which th... more — Statistical analysis of five years record in a bottling company was carried out during which the production in the company was at its peak and cost has remain fairly stable (1987 to 1991). Most of the maintenance failures resulting in downtime are attributed to filler, crowner and washer, hence additional maintenance effort toward these machines can significantly cut down on downtime loses. A strong correlation is established between time lost and case lost (r=0.938, p=0.000) with a linear relationship of y =-2 .8 9 3 + 0 .0 2 x T f ■ i i n f. Thus a fair knowledge of the expected time lost within a period can be used in predicting the case lost thereby making the needed adjustment in production planning to meet up required production targets. Keywords— Machine Downtime, Nigerian, Breakdown.

— The sawdust briquette and pallet were produce and the calorific values were obtained from an ex... more — The sawdust briquette and pallet were produce and the calorific values were obtained from an experiment performed on bomb calorimeter machine that gives the energy released by the fuel. Sample A (Afara) produce 16,197.4 J/g while sample B (Abora tree) gives 15,646.6J/g as the average energy realised which is a little more than the calorific value of wood (16,000J/g).Therefore, the briquette can be used as solid fuel in boiler, room heater, oven and furnaces as an alternative energy source. This can also lead to minimizing waste disposal in the sawmill industries.

In this paper the thermal performance of an inclined-box solar cooker is analysed using a method ... more In this paper the thermal performance of an inclined-box solar cooker is analysed using a method adopted by ASABE: cooking power and standardised cooking power. During thermal load test 1.6 kg of water was heated from ambient temperature of 29°C to the boiling point in 3 hours 45 minutes. The coefficient of determination, r 2 , for standardized cooking power is 0.5064 and the standardized cooking power for temperature difference of 50°C is 23.00W. This figure is shown to be far less than the figures obtained by other researchers in the field; hence, the thermal and optical properties of the cooker must be greatly improved before it can be considered as a very good cooker. Cooking tests of various food items were carried out to complement the water boiling test. The overall cooking performance of the solar cooker is satisfactory, as it is found to be capable of making 2 cycles of cooking in a day, for 3-4 persons per meal, in a total period of just about 6 hours.

Water treatment plant uses pumps extensively for lifting from one level to another, for a small p... more Water treatment plant uses pumps extensively for lifting from one level to another, for a small plant in a rural community the needed pump is selected for a total head of 9.221 m as calculated. This led to a selection of pump with flow rate of 0.0074 m/s (7.407 liters/s) and an output power of 1.894 kw(2.54 hp). The storage tank is design to cater for about 260,000 people and when the pump is shut there will be supply of about 3.7 hrs.

The paper identify and explain three of the most commonly use processes of enhancing the quality ... more The paper identify and explain three of the most commonly use processes of enhancing the quality and purity of water treatment namely aeration which is the process that provides oxygen from the atmosphere to effect beneficial changes in the raw water such as taste, odor and colour, coagulation that is the addition of chemical substances to water in order to aid settlement of the dissolved particles, by forming large floc and flocculation which is use of gentle stirring in water, which floc has formed to induce the particles to coalesce and grow into bigger and denser floc particles, for quicker increase of the rate of settlement.

The biogas generating method involves filling the digester with cow dung, and is left to ferment ... more The biogas generating method involves filling the digester with cow dung, and is left to ferment for days; the result of the fermentation produces biogas in the digester. The gas is then passed through a rubber pipe to the gas holding cylinder. The compositions of the gases are mainly methane and carbon dioxide. The plant is manually operated and does not require high skilled manpower .It is basically expected to be use in farm houses in village settlements. This will cut down on environmental pollution, global warming and reduce the rate of cutting down trees in rural areas.

A settling basin being one of the major components in any water treatment plant be it small or la... more A settling basin being one of the major components in any water treatment plant be it small or large scale was design for a small village community with an access river or stream water source. The capacity of the settling basin is taken as 10m3 which is same dimension of the flocculate so as to ease construction and better flexibility of unit to future expansion. The overflow rate of the settlement tank is evaluated to be 51.84m/day with a settlement velocity Vs of 0.06m/s.

Flocculator, a major component of water treatment plant is required for attaining the Internation... more Flocculator, a major component of water treatment plant is required for attaining the International Standard for a potable drinking water is hereby design for rural domestic water supply. This is for an estimated population of 260,000 people with an average consumption rate of 0.057 mgd (million gallons daily). The dimension of the flocculator is 2m x 2m x 2.5m i.e. 10m3in volume with a power input of 0.0036kw and detention time of 54.36min.Provision is also made for future expansion in the event of an increase in the communities’ population. The sinuous channels principle used aided in minimal power requirement for the system.

This paper presents the development of quality acceptance sampling plan for imported hot steel sh... more This paper presents the development of quality acceptance sampling plan for imported hot steel sheet in Nigeria. Acceptance sampling technique is one of the most efficient and cost effective sampling method of determining the quality assurance of lot of production product and material. Double sampling plan used in this presentation lead to rejection of a lot of hot rolled steel sheet imported in to the Country. Though not conclusive because of low data collected, but the analysis indicate the possibility of large volume of imported Hot rolled steel sheet into the Country have quality much lower than the internationally accepted Quality standard.

In any water treatment plant particularly in the rural communities, the provision of potable wate... more In any water treatment plant particularly in the rural communities, the provision of potable water supply system is a difficult task due to unavailability of sustainable power supply system. A mechanically operated mixer for pre-chlorination tank is a major pre-requisite in such a system. The design of a mechanically operated mixer has been successfully carried out leading to an efficient control of algae, aeration and coagulation process which is capable of storing potable water for a period of 3.7 hour for small rural community in Borno State, Nigeria in the event of failure of the pumping system.

A Rotating disc is a machine part of great importance, one could not Imagine machine design or pr... more A Rotating disc is a machine part of great importance, one could not Imagine machine design or production processes without rotors, pulleys, gears, fans, flywheels, grinding wheels, saw blades etc., all being one or another but always a rotating disc. The stresses in the disc are primarily radial and hoop stresses and are due to inertia. If rotors have been built as disc of uniform thickness, they could rotate with low speed only. A rotating material with the speed of 100 m/s produces stresses approximately 0.8 times the yield stress. In modern turbines and compressors for instance, the needed speed is 200 m/s to 300m/s. Thus there is the need to construct a disc that would stand these high rotations (disc of variable thickness).This paper presents the final equations for stress distribution in stepped disc and a computer base calculation supporting these have been Included. INTRODUCTION Analytical solutions of disc of variable thickness are very limited, and the only one efficientl...

This paper discuss the qualitative leaching of iron ore in hydrochloric acid and multi gravity se... more This paper discuss the qualitative leaching of iron ore in hydrochloric acid and multi gravity separation method as new strategies for reducing lost of iron during production. The focus of the paper is on the potential of iron ore development and supplies from Third world for Sustainable Development and to enter and sustain in the export global competitive Market..

Data analysis and evaluation form the basis of all engineering design. In order to come up with a... more Data analysis and evaluation form the basis of all engineering design. In order to come up with a cost effective design of a water treatment plant in small communities around Maiduguri, Borno State, the population as well as the surface water within the selected localities were evaluated and analyzed leading to a process selection which is expected to provide potable drinking water that satisfies the requirement of WHO (world Health Organization) standard.

The chlorinator is use as a discharge for chlorine which service as a disinfectant of bacterial i... more The chlorinator is use as a discharge for chlorine which service as a disinfectant of bacterial in the rural water treatment plant in a small village community in Borno State. The percentage of chlorine was evaluated to be approximately 0.00002% which is within the accepted international standard limit for drinking water. The retention time of 5hrs was taken for the tank with volume of 0.0101m3and diameter of 250mm and a calculated height of 206mm, the diameter of the orifice is approximately 1.5mm. Wood was use as the material for the construction of the tank because of its high resistance to chemicals.

Water treatment plant uses pumps extensively for lifting from one level to another, for a small p... more Water treatment plant uses pumps extensively for lifting from one level to another, for a small plant in a rural community the needed pump is selected for a total head of 9.221 m as calculated. This led to a selection of pump with flow rate of 0.0074 m/s (7.407 liters/s) and an output power of 1.894 kw(2.54 hp). The storage tank is design to cater for about 260,000 people and when the pump is shut there will be supply of about 3.7 hrs.

A settling basin being one of the major components in any water treatment plant be it small or la... more A settling basin being one of the major components in any water treatment plant be it small or large scale was design for a small village community with an access river or stream water source. The capacity of the settling basin is taken as 10m 3 which is same dimension of the flocculate so as to ease construction and better flexibility of unit to future expansion. The overflow rate of the settlement tank is evaluated to be 51.84m/day with a settlement velocity Vs of 0.06m/s.

International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research , 2019

A large number of urban and rural settlements in Northern Nigeria are without reliable access to ... more A large number of urban and rural settlements in Northern Nigeria are without reliable access to a source of clean drinking water. In particular, hospitals and schools that serve a sizable population experience strain in obtaining clean drinking water. Furthermore, the national electric grid of Nigeria particularly the distribution agencies cannot always be relied on to provide consistent power, giving rise to the need for an alternate source of power. We provide a possible solution using a portable water system powered by a photovoltaic array. These solar-powered systems can supply institutions with clean water independent of the electric grid, providing reliable and economical access to drinking water.

International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research , 2019

The Work Involves the Examination of the Possible Failure Modes/Causes that occur in a Air-condit... more The Work Involves the Examination of the Possible Failure Modes/Causes that occur in a Air-condition for safety of operation, time and routine maintenance. The failure modes/causes constitute the total failure of a Air-condition which if identified and eliminated will ensure high level of reliability, availability and efficiency of the system. The methodology employed the identification of significant few and insignificant many Air-condition failures using Pareto analysis in capturing the failure modes, which help in determining which of these modes/causes, have an overriding importance in terms of frequency of occurrence and extent of possible damage, it is also crucial in reliability assessment. Field failure data were collected from Ministry of Works and Housing Borno State Maintenance Handbook in 198 a period at which full maintenance documentation was up to date. The Pareto chart was then plotted using line-column in two axis Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. The result indicates that attending to Compressor, Gasket leakage, Thermostat, Motor and blower, Condenser, Evaporator coil, Capacitor, Blown fuse and burn contact failures will lead to reliability increase. Hazard and probability plots were made which shows the mean time before failure MTBF of μ = 48.554 hours. They indicate the distribution of failure time to be exponential with a failure rate of λ = 0.0202[hr]-1 .

International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention, 2019

The availability of domestic natural gas and petroleum products cannot meet the high demand for t... more The availability of domestic natural gas and petroleum products cannot meet the high demand for these energy sources by the population. It is therefore, necessary to carry out research that can lead to producing energy from renewable sources such as biomass which are biodegradable and environmentally friendly. Improvements were made on the process of quantitative Bioethanol production from rotten fruits by residual thermal energy cogeneration method using Soxhlet and Rotary evaporator equipment. 3kg each of rotten orange, banana and pineapple were used. The results indicated that 500ml, and each filtrate of the fermented fruit produced bioethanol of volume390.0±13.0 ml, 270.0±11.0 ml and 350.0±14.0ml representing 78% 54% and 70% bioethanol percentage yields for orange, banana and pineapple respectively with soxhlet equipment. While with rotary evaporator equipment, the volume and % yield of the Bio ethanol produced were 315.0±12.0 ml,230.0±11.0 ml and 255±11 ml with 63%, 46% and 51% respectively for orange, banana and pineapple. Orange has the highest % yield of the bioethanol produced in both soxhlet and rotary residual cogeneration methods followed by pineapple and banana. However, the process was found to be faster with pineapple and banana (150 min) than with orange (180 min) for the two equipment. It has been therefore suggested that the waste fruits of orange, banana and pineapple could be used for the production of bioethanol as an alternative energy source.

— Statistical analysis of five years record in a bottling company was carried out during which th... more — Statistical analysis of five years record in a bottling company was carried out during which the production in the company was at its peak and cost has remain fairly stable (1987 to 1991). Most of the maintenance failures resulting in downtime are attributed to filler, crowner and washer, hence additional maintenance effort toward these machines can significantly cut down on downtime loses. A strong correlation is established between time lost and case lost (r=0.938, p=0.000) with a linear relationship of y =-2 .8 9 3 + 0 .0 2 x T f ■ i i n f. Thus a fair knowledge of the expected time lost within a period can be used in predicting the case lost thereby making the needed adjustment in production planning to meet up required production targets. Keywords— Machine Downtime, Nigerian, Breakdown.

— The sawdust briquette and pallet were produce and the calorific values were obtained from an ex... more — The sawdust briquette and pallet were produce and the calorific values were obtained from an experiment performed on bomb calorimeter machine that gives the energy released by the fuel. Sample A (Afara) produce 16,197.4 J/g while sample B (Abora tree) gives 15,646.6J/g as the average energy realised which is a little more than the calorific value of wood (16,000J/g).Therefore, the briquette can be used as solid fuel in boiler, room heater, oven and furnaces as an alternative energy source. This can also lead to minimizing waste disposal in the sawmill industries.

In this paper the thermal performance of an inclined-box solar cooker is analysed using a method ... more In this paper the thermal performance of an inclined-box solar cooker is analysed using a method adopted by ASABE: cooking power and standardised cooking power. During thermal load test 1.6 kg of water was heated from ambient temperature of 29°C to the boiling point in 3 hours 45 minutes. The coefficient of determination, r 2 , for standardized cooking power is 0.5064 and the standardized cooking power for temperature difference of 50°C is 23.00W. This figure is shown to be far less than the figures obtained by other researchers in the field; hence, the thermal and optical properties of the cooker must be greatly improved before it can be considered as a very good cooker. Cooking tests of various food items were carried out to complement the water boiling test. The overall cooking performance of the solar cooker is satisfactory, as it is found to be capable of making 2 cycles of cooking in a day, for 3-4 persons per meal, in a total period of just about 6 hours.

Water treatment plant uses pumps extensively for lifting from one level to another, for a small p... more Water treatment plant uses pumps extensively for lifting from one level to another, for a small plant in a rural community the needed pump is selected for a total head of 9.221 m as calculated. This led to a selection of pump with flow rate of 0.0074 m/s (7.407 liters/s) and an output power of 1.894 kw(2.54 hp). The storage tank is design to cater for about 260,000 people and when the pump is shut there will be supply of about 3.7 hrs.

The paper identify and explain three of the most commonly use processes of enhancing the quality ... more The paper identify and explain three of the most commonly use processes of enhancing the quality and purity of water treatment namely aeration which is the process that provides oxygen from the atmosphere to effect beneficial changes in the raw water such as taste, odor and colour, coagulation that is the addition of chemical substances to water in order to aid settlement of the dissolved particles, by forming large floc and flocculation which is use of gentle stirring in water, which floc has formed to induce the particles to coalesce and grow into bigger and denser floc particles, for quicker increase of the rate of settlement.

The biogas generating method involves filling the digester with cow dung, and is left to ferment ... more The biogas generating method involves filling the digester with cow dung, and is left to ferment for days; the result of the fermentation produces biogas in the digester. The gas is then passed through a rubber pipe to the gas holding cylinder. The compositions of the gases are mainly methane and carbon dioxide. The plant is manually operated and does not require high skilled manpower .It is basically expected to be use in farm houses in village settlements. This will cut down on environmental pollution, global warming and reduce the rate of cutting down trees in rural areas.

A settling basin being one of the major components in any water treatment plant be it small or la... more A settling basin being one of the major components in any water treatment plant be it small or large scale was design for a small village community with an access river or stream water source. The capacity of the settling basin is taken as 10m3 which is same dimension of the flocculate so as to ease construction and better flexibility of unit to future expansion. The overflow rate of the settlement tank is evaluated to be 51.84m/day with a settlement velocity Vs of 0.06m/s.