Kamran Zeb | Karabuk University (original) (raw)

Papers by Kamran Zeb

Al-Qantara, 2024

In this study, the 'water' symbol has been deciphered in the poems of T.S. Eliot's "The Four Quar... more In this study, the 'water' symbol has been deciphered in the poems of T.S. Eliot's "The Four Quartets" and Ian McMillan's "Canal Life" and also shed light on their symbolist nature of poetry. The symbol 'Water' has always been considered a prominent literary metaphor because it can represent multiple meanings, such as life, purification, existential reflection, and metamorphosis. It is always open to multiple interpretations. The Four Quartets and Canal Life have explained, interpreted, and illustrated the symbol of 'water' through textual and comparative analyses. A comparative analysis has been conducted to find out the similarities and contrast in the attainment of the 'water' symbol in their poems: 'Canal Life' by McMillan and 'The Four Quartets' by Eliot. It highlights the different ways in which 'water' can serve as a symbol in poetry, ranging from a literal representation of community and continuity to a complex metaphor that involves eternal, spiritual, and existential characteristics. The poets demonstrate the many complex and varied characteristics of water as a metaphor, emphasising its ability to provoke a broad spectrum of emotions, thoughts, and introspection within the framework of poetic expression.

English Literature, 2024

This work is licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International. This ... more This work is licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International. This work is licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International.

PALarch, 2021

This study aims at exploring the concept of psycholinguistics. It focuses on the core concepts us... more This study aims at exploring the concept of psycholinguistics. It focuses on the core concepts used in the scope of the field, which is important to a beginner to fully appreciate. It gives an overview of psychology and linguistics in a nutshell, investigating the concept of multidisciplinary nature of psycholinguistics, mind, brain, language and learning from three perspectives: behaviorism, mentalism and interactionism. This study adopted qualitative methodology as paradigm and close reading as strategy. Moreover, the sources were purposively selected. It finds out answers to the questions: "What is mind?" and "What is language?" Moreover, it also comes up with a set of recommendations.

Chitral University Journal of Literature and Linguistics , 2022

This study aims at exploring category shifts in English translation Facts are Facts of the Pashto... more This study aims at exploring category shifts in English translation Facts are Facts of the Pashto text Rekhtyia Rekhtyia Di by Khan Abdul Wali Khan. It investigates the nature of category shifts, giving an overview of prior theories of translation. It adopts qualitative method, using closing reading technique as a tool for collection as well as interpretation of data under the theoretical framework of Catford's theory of translation shifts. It analyzes category shifts in English translation Facts are Facts, by studying source text and target text in parallel. It finds out answer to the question: What are category shifts in English translation Facts are Facts of the Pashto text Rekhtyia Rekhtyia Di? Moreover, it gives an avenue to future researchers to apply category shifts to other forms of translated literature.

Global Language Review, 2022

Thomas W. Simon asserts that democratic theory shall deal with the social inequalities inflicted ... more Thomas W. Simon asserts that democratic theory shall deal with the social inequalities inflicted upon disadvantaged groups. By shifting theoretical sights from justice to injustice, Simon reshapes the nature of democracy and provides a totally new perspective on social problems. He unfolds the causes and effects of injustice, victims' responses to injustice, and historical theories of disadvantage, revealing that those theories have important repercussions for the current policy.The play depicts the social imbalance, lack of understanding, injustice and desperation of postwar English society.

Gloabal Language Review, 2022

The current research examines the elements of Idealism and Realism in Arthur Miller's play Death ... more The current research examines the elements of Idealism and Realism in Arthur Miller's play Death of a Salesman. Miller's play is opted through purposive sampling technique. Primary source, a Play, Death of a Salesman, and secondary sources, such as dissertations, articles, thesis, and newspapers are used as an instrument for data collection. Plato's Idealism and the realism of Aristotle are used as a framework for the present work. Idealism is revealed through the analysis of the hero, Willy Loman's Character. The protagonist misunderstands American Dream, he is a dreamer salesman. He wants to become a successful businessman, but he fails. Willy lives in illusions, while the real world is absolutely different. He is the echo of postmodern American society. Realism is an important theory identified in Miller's play, Death of a Salesman. Charley is a practical character in the play, his approach is rational, practical and realistic towards life.

Article, 2022

The history of the sufferings of a woman is tricky, turbulent but therapeutic as well. Women thro... more The history of the sufferings of a woman is tricky, turbulent but therapeutic as well. Women through the ages has suffered either at the hand of religion or culture. Male dominancy has reduced woman mostly into a second-class denizens of the world. One-half of the human race is still living amidst cruel practices. Is she really so helpless or impotent? In the character of Waris Dirie, we see she is not. Yes, she does become one when she doesn't have an understanding of her strength. She is exploited in the name of patriarchy. She falls prey to certain prejudicial practices ordained by culture or tradition or providence. This research is meant to highlight the travails of Waris Dirie and dispel the impression of a woman being 'an incomplete being' as promoted in a male-identified society. It is time, in the words of Mary Wolston Craft, that a degree of reason, virtue and knowledge should replace outdated cultural practices against women.

2019 15th International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET)

This paper presents a newly designed fault-ride-through (FRT) scheme i.e. bridge-type fault-curre... more This paper presents a newly designed fault-ride-through (FRT) scheme i.e. bridge-type fault-current limiter (BFCL) for Grid-Tied photovoltaic system (PVS) to optimize unbalance fault variables. A 100 kW three-phase Grid-Tied MATLAB/Simulink model is used to analyze the system response during unbalance conditions. The simulation results of designed FRT scheme are critically compared with conventionally adopted FRT scheme i.e. crowbar circuitry. However, for inverter control proportional integrator (PI) controller is used. Moreover, the analysis is carried out for faults at point of common-coupling (PCC) as well as 5-km away from PCC. The obtained simulated results of PI controller with well-designed FRT scheme authenticates stable, minimum oscillation, ripples free, robust and fast performance for unbalance fault variables as compared to previous work.

2018 International Conference on Power Generation Systems and Renewable Energy Technologies (PGSRET), 2018

Our paper presents the control of the active and reactive power of Doubly Fed Induction Generator... more Our paper presents the control of the active and reactive power of Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) interfaced with the conventional grid. The parameters of DFIG are controlled by Adaptive Proportional Integral (API) controller. While the parameter of the adaptive controller is updated with a Mamdani-Fuzzy controller. API is designed to track the desired value of active and reactive power during a normal condition and minimize power oscillation during the grid disturbances. The use of API approves the availability of good quality of electric power. The adaptive nature of the proposed controller helps to mitigate the oscillation produced during and after the occurrence of the voltage dip. The result of API and conventional PI is compared critically. The simulation of DFIG is carried out in Simulink/MATLAB.

2018 International Conference on Computing, Electronic and Electrical Engineering (ICE Cube), 2018

In last decade, the booming research on various aspects of grid-connected Photovoltaic (PV) syste... more In last decade, the booming research on various aspects of grid-connected Photovoltaic (PV) systems has been observed. In the distribution system a grid-connected inverter is an important unit to interface Renewable Energy Resource (RER) with a utility grid. Now a days, the interest of solar market is increased by the development and new designs of Single Phase Transformerless Inverters (SPTI) for Photovoltaic System Connected to the Grid-Connected ranging from 1kw to 10kw. To compare the inverter based on transformer galvanic isolations, its favorable properties are: light in weight, low cost, small in volume, simplicity and high efficiency. In these topologies, galvanic isolation can be achieved by including additional switches either at the input (DC) side or at output (AC) side. The AC side has high efficiency as it has low number of switches in conduction path. In proposed paper, a comprehensive review is presented on SPTG-CPV inverters. Power converters technology and topologies for PV systems are comprehensively reviewed. Comparison and evaluation on the basis of efficiency, total hormonic distortion, weaknesses, strengths, leakage current and semiconductor losses is also performed. Future trends and selection of efficient topology for new researchers, designer, and engineers is similarly focused.

2019 2nd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET), 2019

The active and reactive power can be controlled and exchanged in a High-Voltage Direct Current (H... more The active and reactive power can be controlled and exchanged in a High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission system using Modular-Multi level converter (MMC). HVDC based upon MMC improves power exchange capability, transient stability, and power oscillation damping. The challenging task of MMC is controlling its output current, additive currents, internal energy, and sum capacitor voltages. A control design structure for the active and reactive power of modular-multilevel converter is presented in this paper. The output current is decomposed into dq-axis components using park transformation. The dq-axis components are controlled with Sliding Mode Controller (SMC). The SMC has remarkable properties of accuracy, robustness, simple tuning and implementation. The d-axis component is used to control active power and q-axis component is used to control reactive power. Typical MMC is studied and its control is design, simulated and analyzed in MATLAB Simulink.

2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America), 2019

This paper presents a Digital Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) based on the Second Order Generalized Integ... more This paper presents a Digital Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) based on the Second Order Generalized Integrator (SOGI). The PLL structure, as well as the SOGI, are carefully described. The integrators of the SOGI are explained in detail in order to emphasize the elimination of an algebraic loop found in continuous time domain PLLs. The main contributions of this paper are to present the design of PLL entirely in z-domain and to present an easy, fast and accurate way to implement a digital PLL based on the SOGI structure. The digital SOGI PLL is implemented in the digital signal processor TMS320F28335. Experimental and simulation results show the efficacy of the digital SOGI PLL to keep synchronized with grid voltage at frequencies 50 and 60 Hz.

2020 IEEE 23rd International Multitopic Conference (INMIC), 2020

The capacitor voltage regulation is an important parameter in the stable and effective operation ... more The capacitor voltage regulation is an important parameter in the stable and effective operation of Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC). This paper presents the different modulation techniques used in MMC. Phase Shift (PS) Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) have a natural capability of balancing submodule (SM) capacitor voltage. However, in Level Shifted (LS) modulation techniques lag due to this issue. Similarly, Nearest Level Control (NLC) technique have also the same issue of capacitor voltage imbalances. The possible remedies for each modulation technique to regulated capacitor voltage are implemented for synthesizing a well-shaped and less distorted output voltage waveform. The simulation is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink for five-level MMC.

Energies, 2021

This paper proposed a control method for output and circulating currents of modular multilevel co... more This paper proposed a control method for output and circulating currents of modular multilevel converter (MMC). The output and circulating current are controlled with the help of arm currents, which contain DC, fundamental frequency, and double frequency components. The arm current is transformed into a stationary reference frame (SRF) to isolate the DC and AC components. The AC component is controlled with a conventional proportional resonant (PR) controller, while the DC component is controlled by a proportional controller. The effective control of the upper arm and lower arm ultimately controls the output current so that it delivers the required power to the grid and circulating current in such a way that the second harmonic component is completely vanished leaving behind only the DC component. Comparative results of leg-level control based on PR controller are included in the paper to show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. A three-phase, five-level MMC is develop...

2018 International Conference on Power Generation Systems and Renewable Energy Technologies (PGSRET), 2018

This paper presents a new fault ride through (FRT) strategy to optimize the electrical parameters... more This paper presents a new fault ride through (FRT) strategy to optimize the electrical parameters during Symmetrical and Asymmetrical faults for 3 phase grid-connected photovoltaic system (PVS). MATLAB simulations are carried out to analyze various abnormalities at point of common coupling (PCC) for 100 kW grid connected PVS. Proportional-resonant controller (PR) is also designed in detail. The simulation results during fault conditions with FRT and without FRT strategy are critically and analytically compared for both PR and conventionally tuned PI (proportional-integrator) controllers. The simulation results of PR controller with proposed FRT strategy effectively validated fast, stable, oscillation free, and robust response for Symmetrical and Asymmetrical faults in comparison with prior works.

2020 3rd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET), 2020

Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) is very popular due to its flexibility, use of low rating devi... more Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) is very popular due to its flexibility, use of low rating devices, low harmonic distortion, and high efficiency. Despite these advantages, MMC faces challenges of controlling its parameters especially inner current and capacitor voltages. This paper presents the control of the inner current of MMC using Sliding Mode Controller (SMC). The switching function of SMC is based on 2nd order super twisting algorithm. The Proposed super twisting algorithm is proved to be efficient in controlling the inner current. The 2nd order harmonic is effectively suppressed, and the inner current is fully converged to its reference value. Moreover, the continuous nature of the super twisting algorithm solves the chattering issue. The implementation of MMC and its control is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink.

2019 2nd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET), 2019

In recent decade significantly rise in chronic diseases and ageing population ratio in world, dem... more In recent decade significantly rise in chronic diseases and ageing population ratio in world, demand efficient Health monitoring system (HMS) for comfort of people. This approach is not only cost effective but also a feasible alternative to traditional healthcare. The aged peoples and patients having chronic diseases refrain visit to health institutions (hospitals and nursing homes etc.) as a result it reduces burden on health institutions. In this paper we proposed IoT-based, intelligent HMS which continuously monitors patient’s health parameters like blood pressure, heart beat and ECG. Data from blood pressure sensor, heart rate sensor and ECG sensor automatically monitored by Arduino UNO and Pi-camera attached to raspberry pi for video. Arduino UNO sends sensor data to raspberry pi which fed data to server’s database using Wi-Fi, finally server sent data to webpage, which updates every 2 minutes. Doctor access data anywhere using internet and give feedback accordingly using text.

2016 International Conference on Computing, Electronic and Electrical Engineering (ICE Cube), 2016

Enhancement of fault ride through capability of Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is demandin... more Enhancement of fault ride through capability of Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is demanding issue in developed countries. In this paper crowbar circuit is implemented for limitation of fault current while the Adaptive Sliding Mode Controller (ASMC) & Adaptive Fuzzy controller (AFC) based on Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is proposed to enhance fault ride through capability. The Adaptive controller is used to control DC link voltage during normal and faulty condition. The result of controlled DC link voltage with ASMC & AFC is critically and analytically compared with the conventional tuned PI controller. The test bench model is IEEE 5 bus system composed of 9MW DFIG interfaced with 120kv grid.

2020 3rd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET), 2020

This paper proposes a Three-phase D-STATCOM with digital current control strategy in abc- referen... more This paper proposes a Three-phase D-STATCOM with digital current control strategy in abc- reference frame. The proposal D-STATCOM does not use a PLL and the reactive power is transferred to the grid through controlling the D-STATCOM output current. The current controller has one zero and two poles. This type of controller is also known as Type-2 controller. The procedure to tune the controller is explained. The Conservative Power Theory (CPT) is used to compute the reactive power of the loads. A case study shows the behavior of the D-STACOM during initialization, during load transitions and during steady-state conditions. The results show the efficacy of the proposed D-STATCOM.

Journal of Energy Storage, 2020

Supercapacitors (SCs) possess paramount importance and are a promising solution among the class o... more Supercapacitors (SCs) possess paramount importance and are a promising solution among the class of energy storage devices since they have appreciable features like higher specific power, longer life span, and eco-friendly nature. They replace the difference of energy/power between the high-power traditional capacitors and high energy fuel cells/ batteries. In the current review, comprehensive research on the recent literature of SCs investigates and elucidates with great consideration. The global market analysis, manufacturing firms, challenges, and recent advances present the fundamental, as well as application perspective of SCs. An elaborate analysis of the classifications of SCs, fabrication of different electrode materials from the very beginning of their evolution gives the lucid idea. The evaluation of SC nanocomposites with different parameters such as specific capacitance, energy density, power density, cycling performance, and capacity retention depicts the performance. Detail description of the selection of electrolytes and various synthesis methods of the SCs explains comprehensively. In the end, future scope and challenges mention briefly and consider for the next-generation SC's design and applications. This review provides a reference point on the SCs for researchers and designers working in the field of energy storage devices and applications.

Al-Qantara, 2024

In this study, the 'water' symbol has been deciphered in the poems of T.S. Eliot's "The Four Quar... more In this study, the 'water' symbol has been deciphered in the poems of T.S. Eliot's "The Four Quartets" and Ian McMillan's "Canal Life" and also shed light on their symbolist nature of poetry. The symbol 'Water' has always been considered a prominent literary metaphor because it can represent multiple meanings, such as life, purification, existential reflection, and metamorphosis. It is always open to multiple interpretations. The Four Quartets and Canal Life have explained, interpreted, and illustrated the symbol of 'water' through textual and comparative analyses. A comparative analysis has been conducted to find out the similarities and contrast in the attainment of the 'water' symbol in their poems: 'Canal Life' by McMillan and 'The Four Quartets' by Eliot. It highlights the different ways in which 'water' can serve as a symbol in poetry, ranging from a literal representation of community and continuity to a complex metaphor that involves eternal, spiritual, and existential characteristics. The poets demonstrate the many complex and varied characteristics of water as a metaphor, emphasising its ability to provoke a broad spectrum of emotions, thoughts, and introspection within the framework of poetic expression.

English Literature, 2024

This work is licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International. This ... more This work is licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International. This work is licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International.

PALarch, 2021

This study aims at exploring the concept of psycholinguistics. It focuses on the core concepts us... more This study aims at exploring the concept of psycholinguistics. It focuses on the core concepts used in the scope of the field, which is important to a beginner to fully appreciate. It gives an overview of psychology and linguistics in a nutshell, investigating the concept of multidisciplinary nature of psycholinguistics, mind, brain, language and learning from three perspectives: behaviorism, mentalism and interactionism. This study adopted qualitative methodology as paradigm and close reading as strategy. Moreover, the sources were purposively selected. It finds out answers to the questions: "What is mind?" and "What is language?" Moreover, it also comes up with a set of recommendations.

Chitral University Journal of Literature and Linguistics , 2022

This study aims at exploring category shifts in English translation Facts are Facts of the Pashto... more This study aims at exploring category shifts in English translation Facts are Facts of the Pashto text Rekhtyia Rekhtyia Di by Khan Abdul Wali Khan. It investigates the nature of category shifts, giving an overview of prior theories of translation. It adopts qualitative method, using closing reading technique as a tool for collection as well as interpretation of data under the theoretical framework of Catford's theory of translation shifts. It analyzes category shifts in English translation Facts are Facts, by studying source text and target text in parallel. It finds out answer to the question: What are category shifts in English translation Facts are Facts of the Pashto text Rekhtyia Rekhtyia Di? Moreover, it gives an avenue to future researchers to apply category shifts to other forms of translated literature.

Global Language Review, 2022

Thomas W. Simon asserts that democratic theory shall deal with the social inequalities inflicted ... more Thomas W. Simon asserts that democratic theory shall deal with the social inequalities inflicted upon disadvantaged groups. By shifting theoretical sights from justice to injustice, Simon reshapes the nature of democracy and provides a totally new perspective on social problems. He unfolds the causes and effects of injustice, victims' responses to injustice, and historical theories of disadvantage, revealing that those theories have important repercussions for the current policy.The play depicts the social imbalance, lack of understanding, injustice and desperation of postwar English society.

Gloabal Language Review, 2022

The current research examines the elements of Idealism and Realism in Arthur Miller's play Death ... more The current research examines the elements of Idealism and Realism in Arthur Miller's play Death of a Salesman. Miller's play is opted through purposive sampling technique. Primary source, a Play, Death of a Salesman, and secondary sources, such as dissertations, articles, thesis, and newspapers are used as an instrument for data collection. Plato's Idealism and the realism of Aristotle are used as a framework for the present work. Idealism is revealed through the analysis of the hero, Willy Loman's Character. The protagonist misunderstands American Dream, he is a dreamer salesman. He wants to become a successful businessman, but he fails. Willy lives in illusions, while the real world is absolutely different. He is the echo of postmodern American society. Realism is an important theory identified in Miller's play, Death of a Salesman. Charley is a practical character in the play, his approach is rational, practical and realistic towards life.

Article, 2022

The history of the sufferings of a woman is tricky, turbulent but therapeutic as well. Women thro... more The history of the sufferings of a woman is tricky, turbulent but therapeutic as well. Women through the ages has suffered either at the hand of religion or culture. Male dominancy has reduced woman mostly into a second-class denizens of the world. One-half of the human race is still living amidst cruel practices. Is she really so helpless or impotent? In the character of Waris Dirie, we see she is not. Yes, she does become one when she doesn't have an understanding of her strength. She is exploited in the name of patriarchy. She falls prey to certain prejudicial practices ordained by culture or tradition or providence. This research is meant to highlight the travails of Waris Dirie and dispel the impression of a woman being 'an incomplete being' as promoted in a male-identified society. It is time, in the words of Mary Wolston Craft, that a degree of reason, virtue and knowledge should replace outdated cultural practices against women.

2019 15th International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET)

This paper presents a newly designed fault-ride-through (FRT) scheme i.e. bridge-type fault-curre... more This paper presents a newly designed fault-ride-through (FRT) scheme i.e. bridge-type fault-current limiter (BFCL) for Grid-Tied photovoltaic system (PVS) to optimize unbalance fault variables. A 100 kW three-phase Grid-Tied MATLAB/Simulink model is used to analyze the system response during unbalance conditions. The simulation results of designed FRT scheme are critically compared with conventionally adopted FRT scheme i.e. crowbar circuitry. However, for inverter control proportional integrator (PI) controller is used. Moreover, the analysis is carried out for faults at point of common-coupling (PCC) as well as 5-km away from PCC. The obtained simulated results of PI controller with well-designed FRT scheme authenticates stable, minimum oscillation, ripples free, robust and fast performance for unbalance fault variables as compared to previous work.

2018 International Conference on Power Generation Systems and Renewable Energy Technologies (PGSRET), 2018

Our paper presents the control of the active and reactive power of Doubly Fed Induction Generator... more Our paper presents the control of the active and reactive power of Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) interfaced with the conventional grid. The parameters of DFIG are controlled by Adaptive Proportional Integral (API) controller. While the parameter of the adaptive controller is updated with a Mamdani-Fuzzy controller. API is designed to track the desired value of active and reactive power during a normal condition and minimize power oscillation during the grid disturbances. The use of API approves the availability of good quality of electric power. The adaptive nature of the proposed controller helps to mitigate the oscillation produced during and after the occurrence of the voltage dip. The result of API and conventional PI is compared critically. The simulation of DFIG is carried out in Simulink/MATLAB.

2018 International Conference on Computing, Electronic and Electrical Engineering (ICE Cube), 2018

In last decade, the booming research on various aspects of grid-connected Photovoltaic (PV) syste... more In last decade, the booming research on various aspects of grid-connected Photovoltaic (PV) systems has been observed. In the distribution system a grid-connected inverter is an important unit to interface Renewable Energy Resource (RER) with a utility grid. Now a days, the interest of solar market is increased by the development and new designs of Single Phase Transformerless Inverters (SPTI) for Photovoltaic System Connected to the Grid-Connected ranging from 1kw to 10kw. To compare the inverter based on transformer galvanic isolations, its favorable properties are: light in weight, low cost, small in volume, simplicity and high efficiency. In these topologies, galvanic isolation can be achieved by including additional switches either at the input (DC) side or at output (AC) side. The AC side has high efficiency as it has low number of switches in conduction path. In proposed paper, a comprehensive review is presented on SPTG-CPV inverters. Power converters technology and topologies for PV systems are comprehensively reviewed. Comparison and evaluation on the basis of efficiency, total hormonic distortion, weaknesses, strengths, leakage current and semiconductor losses is also performed. Future trends and selection of efficient topology for new researchers, designer, and engineers is similarly focused.

2019 2nd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET), 2019

The active and reactive power can be controlled and exchanged in a High-Voltage Direct Current (H... more The active and reactive power can be controlled and exchanged in a High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission system using Modular-Multi level converter (MMC). HVDC based upon MMC improves power exchange capability, transient stability, and power oscillation damping. The challenging task of MMC is controlling its output current, additive currents, internal energy, and sum capacitor voltages. A control design structure for the active and reactive power of modular-multilevel converter is presented in this paper. The output current is decomposed into dq-axis components using park transformation. The dq-axis components are controlled with Sliding Mode Controller (SMC). The SMC has remarkable properties of accuracy, robustness, simple tuning and implementation. The d-axis component is used to control active power and q-axis component is used to control reactive power. Typical MMC is studied and its control is design, simulated and analyzed in MATLAB Simulink.

2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America), 2019

This paper presents a Digital Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) based on the Second Order Generalized Integ... more This paper presents a Digital Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) based on the Second Order Generalized Integrator (SOGI). The PLL structure, as well as the SOGI, are carefully described. The integrators of the SOGI are explained in detail in order to emphasize the elimination of an algebraic loop found in continuous time domain PLLs. The main contributions of this paper are to present the design of PLL entirely in z-domain and to present an easy, fast and accurate way to implement a digital PLL based on the SOGI structure. The digital SOGI PLL is implemented in the digital signal processor TMS320F28335. Experimental and simulation results show the efficacy of the digital SOGI PLL to keep synchronized with grid voltage at frequencies 50 and 60 Hz.

2020 IEEE 23rd International Multitopic Conference (INMIC), 2020

The capacitor voltage regulation is an important parameter in the stable and effective operation ... more The capacitor voltage regulation is an important parameter in the stable and effective operation of Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC). This paper presents the different modulation techniques used in MMC. Phase Shift (PS) Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) have a natural capability of balancing submodule (SM) capacitor voltage. However, in Level Shifted (LS) modulation techniques lag due to this issue. Similarly, Nearest Level Control (NLC) technique have also the same issue of capacitor voltage imbalances. The possible remedies for each modulation technique to regulated capacitor voltage are implemented for synthesizing a well-shaped and less distorted output voltage waveform. The simulation is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink for five-level MMC.

Energies, 2021

This paper proposed a control method for output and circulating currents of modular multilevel co... more This paper proposed a control method for output and circulating currents of modular multilevel converter (MMC). The output and circulating current are controlled with the help of arm currents, which contain DC, fundamental frequency, and double frequency components. The arm current is transformed into a stationary reference frame (SRF) to isolate the DC and AC components. The AC component is controlled with a conventional proportional resonant (PR) controller, while the DC component is controlled by a proportional controller. The effective control of the upper arm and lower arm ultimately controls the output current so that it delivers the required power to the grid and circulating current in such a way that the second harmonic component is completely vanished leaving behind only the DC component. Comparative results of leg-level control based on PR controller are included in the paper to show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. A three-phase, five-level MMC is develop...

2018 International Conference on Power Generation Systems and Renewable Energy Technologies (PGSRET), 2018

This paper presents a new fault ride through (FRT) strategy to optimize the electrical parameters... more This paper presents a new fault ride through (FRT) strategy to optimize the electrical parameters during Symmetrical and Asymmetrical faults for 3 phase grid-connected photovoltaic system (PVS). MATLAB simulations are carried out to analyze various abnormalities at point of common coupling (PCC) for 100 kW grid connected PVS. Proportional-resonant controller (PR) is also designed in detail. The simulation results during fault conditions with FRT and without FRT strategy are critically and analytically compared for both PR and conventionally tuned PI (proportional-integrator) controllers. The simulation results of PR controller with proposed FRT strategy effectively validated fast, stable, oscillation free, and robust response for Symmetrical and Asymmetrical faults in comparison with prior works.

2020 3rd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET), 2020

Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) is very popular due to its flexibility, use of low rating devi... more Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) is very popular due to its flexibility, use of low rating devices, low harmonic distortion, and high efficiency. Despite these advantages, MMC faces challenges of controlling its parameters especially inner current and capacitor voltages. This paper presents the control of the inner current of MMC using Sliding Mode Controller (SMC). The switching function of SMC is based on 2nd order super twisting algorithm. The Proposed super twisting algorithm is proved to be efficient in controlling the inner current. The 2nd order harmonic is effectively suppressed, and the inner current is fully converged to its reference value. Moreover, the continuous nature of the super twisting algorithm solves the chattering issue. The implementation of MMC and its control is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink.

2019 2nd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET), 2019

In recent decade significantly rise in chronic diseases and ageing population ratio in world, dem... more In recent decade significantly rise in chronic diseases and ageing population ratio in world, demand efficient Health monitoring system (HMS) for comfort of people. This approach is not only cost effective but also a feasible alternative to traditional healthcare. The aged peoples and patients having chronic diseases refrain visit to health institutions (hospitals and nursing homes etc.) as a result it reduces burden on health institutions. In this paper we proposed IoT-based, intelligent HMS which continuously monitors patient’s health parameters like blood pressure, heart beat and ECG. Data from blood pressure sensor, heart rate sensor and ECG sensor automatically monitored by Arduino UNO and Pi-camera attached to raspberry pi for video. Arduino UNO sends sensor data to raspberry pi which fed data to server’s database using Wi-Fi, finally server sent data to webpage, which updates every 2 minutes. Doctor access data anywhere using internet and give feedback accordingly using text.

2016 International Conference on Computing, Electronic and Electrical Engineering (ICE Cube), 2016

Enhancement of fault ride through capability of Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is demandin... more Enhancement of fault ride through capability of Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is demanding issue in developed countries. In this paper crowbar circuit is implemented for limitation of fault current while the Adaptive Sliding Mode Controller (ASMC) & Adaptive Fuzzy controller (AFC) based on Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is proposed to enhance fault ride through capability. The Adaptive controller is used to control DC link voltage during normal and faulty condition. The result of controlled DC link voltage with ASMC & AFC is critically and analytically compared with the conventional tuned PI controller. The test bench model is IEEE 5 bus system composed of 9MW DFIG interfaced with 120kv grid.

2020 3rd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET), 2020

This paper proposes a Three-phase D-STATCOM with digital current control strategy in abc- referen... more This paper proposes a Three-phase D-STATCOM with digital current control strategy in abc- reference frame. The proposal D-STATCOM does not use a PLL and the reactive power is transferred to the grid through controlling the D-STATCOM output current. The current controller has one zero and two poles. This type of controller is also known as Type-2 controller. The procedure to tune the controller is explained. The Conservative Power Theory (CPT) is used to compute the reactive power of the loads. A case study shows the behavior of the D-STACOM during initialization, during load transitions and during steady-state conditions. The results show the efficacy of the proposed D-STATCOM.

Journal of Energy Storage, 2020

Supercapacitors (SCs) possess paramount importance and are a promising solution among the class o... more Supercapacitors (SCs) possess paramount importance and are a promising solution among the class of energy storage devices since they have appreciable features like higher specific power, longer life span, and eco-friendly nature. They replace the difference of energy/power between the high-power traditional capacitors and high energy fuel cells/ batteries. In the current review, comprehensive research on the recent literature of SCs investigates and elucidates with great consideration. The global market analysis, manufacturing firms, challenges, and recent advances present the fundamental, as well as application perspective of SCs. An elaborate analysis of the classifications of SCs, fabrication of different electrode materials from the very beginning of their evolution gives the lucid idea. The evaluation of SC nanocomposites with different parameters such as specific capacitance, energy density, power density, cycling performance, and capacity retention depicts the performance. Detail description of the selection of electrolytes and various synthesis methods of the SCs explains comprehensively. In the end, future scope and challenges mention briefly and consider for the next-generation SC's design and applications. This review provides a reference point on the SCs for researchers and designers working in the field of energy storage devices and applications.