Ehsan Elahi Valeem | University of Karachi (original) (raw)

Papers by Ehsan Elahi Valeem

Research paper thumbnail of Distribution of oleic acid in different algal phyla of Pakistan

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Research paper thumbnail of Wave Climate of Northern Arabian Sea During Southwest Monsoon Season

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Research paper thumbnail of Distribution of Wave Heights in Phitti Creek During Southwest Monsoon

Pakistan …, 1995

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Research paper thumbnail of Variation of significant wave periods during southwest monsoon in Phitti Creek, northern Arabian Sea, Pakistan

To study the wave characteristics a Waverider buoy was deployed in Phitti Creek of northern Arabi... more To study the wave characteristics a Waverider buoy was deployed in Phitti Creek of northern Arabian Sea at 24º 33′ N and 67º 03′ E for wave measurements during south-west monsoon (April-July) 1985 and 1986. Wave records in terms of significant wave period (Tz) were collected using Tucker’s method. Percentage frequency distribution, standard deviation (σ), mean (μ), highest significant wave period (HTz) and lowest significant wave period (LTz) values were computed for statistical analysis. For the year 1985 Tz were ranged between 5.05 s to 12.03 s; the lowest μ value of 5.05 s (with a σ 0.50 s, HTz 5.85 s and LTz 4.35 s) was observed in the 3rd week of May and the highest μ 12.03 s (with a σ of 3.45 s, HTz 15.38 s and LTz 8.96 s) was observed in the first week of August. In the year 1986 Tz were ranged between 6.65 s to 10.70 s; the lowest μ value of 6.65 s (with a σ 1.12 s, HTz 10.00 s and LTz 6.00 s) was observed in the 3rd week of April and the highest μ 10.70 s (with a σ of 1.78 ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Variations in the leaf litter decomposition in tidal mudflats of Nara Creek, Indus Delta

International …, 2009

ABSTRACT The present short-term study examines the decomposition rates of mangrove leaves and dis... more ABSTRACT The present short-term study examines the decomposition rates of mangrove leaves and distinguishes the differences among rates of decomposition of two different species of mangroves i.e. Avicennia marina (Forskål) Vierh in Denkschr. and Rhizophora mucronata Poiret using litterbags methodology at the mudflats of Nara Creek in Indus Delta of Pakistan. The decay pattern of both the species was similar with very rapid losses. Percentage of dry weight (DW) along with standard deviation (SD) of leaves and nitrogen were calculated and shown in graphs.

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Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Ecological Aspects of Roadside Vegetation Around Havalian City Using Multivariate Techniques

A survey of Abbottabad roadsides vegetation and soil was undertaken. The floristic data were anal... more A survey of Abbottabad roadsides vegetation and soil was undertaken. The floristic data were analyzed by using multivariate analysis techniques i.e. Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). A total of 63 plant species and 5 major communities were recognized along 5 major roadsides as demarcated by DCA and CCA. The study also investigated the vegetation structure and its relationships to selected environmental factors. This relationship was determined by CANOCO analysis. The most important factors influencing the roadside vegetation were found to be lead and copper, and zinc to some extent. This study provides the basic information to preserve and improve the roadside vegetation, for reservation of native flora.

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Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Ecological Aspects of Roadside Vegetation Around Havalian City Using Multivariate Techniques

A survey of Abbottabad roadsides vegetation and soil was undertaken. The floristic data were anal... more A survey of Abbottabad roadsides vegetation and soil was undertaken. The floristic data were analyzed by using multivariate analysis techniques i.e. Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). A total of 63 plant species and 5 major communities were recognized along 5 major roadsides as demarcated by DCA and CCA. The study also investigated the vegetation structure and its relationships to selected environmental factors. This relationship was determined by CANOCO analysis. The most important factors influencing the roadside vegetation were found to be lead and copper, and zinc to some extent. This study provides the basic information to preserve and improve the roadside vegetation, for reservation of native flora.

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Research paper thumbnail of Appraisal of Pressmud and Inorganic Fertilizers on Soil Properties, Yield and Sugarcane Quality

A field experiment was conducted under semi-arid climatic conditions to evaluate the response of ... more A field experiment was conducted under semi-arid climatic conditions to evaluate the response of pressmud in combination with inorganic fertilizers and alone (only inorganic fertilizers) on the yield and sugarcane quality parameters besides a value-added product (locally called Gur). It is obvious from the results that inorganic fertilizer use (T2) has increased the tillers per plant, number of millable canes, stripped cane yield, sugar yield and juice present cane by 38.95 %, 38.66 %, 51.96 %, 54.92 % and 21.9 5 % respectively, over the control (T1). Similarly when higher dose of pressmud was applied in integration with inorganic fertilizers (in T3), it increased total soluble solids, sucrose, purity, CSS and sugar recovery of juice by 7.83 %, 10.42 %, 2.80 %, 12.06 %, and 12.07 %, over the control (T1). The studies concluded that higher doses of mineral fertilizers increased gur % juice but it did not improve gur quality as done by higher doses of organic manures. Soil properties ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Appraisal of Pressmud and Inorganic Fertilizers on Soil Properties, Yield and Sugarcane Quality

A field experiment was conducted under semi-arid climatic conditions to evaluate the response of ... more A field experiment was conducted under semi-arid climatic conditions to evaluate the response of pressmud in combination with inorganic fertilizers and alone (only inorganic fertilizers) on the yield and sugarcane quality parameters besides a value-added product (locally called Gur). It is obvious from the results that inorganic fertilizer use (T2) has increased the tillers per plant, number of millable canes, stripped cane yield, sugar yield and juice present cane by 38.95 %, 38.66 %, 51.96 %, 54.92 % and 21.9 5 % respectively, over the control (T1). Similarly when higher dose of pressmud was applied in integration with inorganic fertilizers (in T3), it increased total soluble solids, sucrose, purity, CSS and sugar recovery of juice by 7.83 %, 10.42 %, 2.80 %, 12.06 %, and 12.07 %, over the control (T1). The studies concluded that higher doses of mineral fertilizers increased gur % juice but it did not improve gur quality as done by higher doses of organic manures. Soil properties ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of Selenium Content in Pasture and Ewes in Punjab, Pakistan

The current research was carried out at Rakh Khaire Wala, Punjab, Pakistan. The most developed st... more The current research was carried out at Rakh Khaire Wala, Punjab, Pakistan. The most developed station for sheep farming. The aim of the study was to determine and collect data on selenium contents of soil, forages along with blood plasma and milk so as to gain information on the deficiency and/or excess of selenium levels for ruminants grazing therein. The livestock farm was visited eight times during the study year so as to determine the effect of sampling periods on the selenium contents of various samples. The mean Se concentrations of soil, forage, plasma, and milk sampled in the study were: 0.041 and 0.035 mg/kg for soil and forages and 0.036, 0.0054 mg/L for plasma and milk, respectively. These values are considered to be indicative of inadequate but point to the dietary supplementation. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that in this animal pasture, it is necessary to monitor the Se in animals so as to maintain adequate nutrition for achieving vigorous ewes.

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Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of Selenium Content in Pasture and Ewes in Punjab, Pakistan

The current research was carried out at Rakh Khaire Wala, Punjab, Pakistan. The most developed st... more The current research was carried out at Rakh Khaire Wala, Punjab, Pakistan. The most developed station for sheep farming. The aim of the study was to determine and collect data on selenium contents of soil, forages along with blood plasma and milk so as to gain information on the deficiency and/or excess of selenium levels for ruminants grazing therein. The livestock farm was visited eight times during the study year so as to determine the effect of sampling periods on the selenium contents of various samples. The mean Se concentrations of soil, forage, plasma, and milk sampled in the study were: 0.041 and 0.035 mg/kg for soil and forages and 0.036, 0.0054 mg/L for plasma and milk, respectively. These values are considered to be indicative of inadequate but point to the dietary supplementation. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that in this animal pasture, it is necessary to monitor the Se in animals so as to maintain adequate nutrition for achieving vigorous ewes.

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Research paper thumbnail of Effect of a strong enzyme denaturant (urea) on the stability of soluble acid invertases from sugarcane

Pakistan Journal of Botany, 2010

An investigation was performed to determine the effect of urea, a strong enzyme denaturant on the... more An investigation was performed to determine the effect of urea, a strong enzyme denaturant on the stability of invertases from two cultivars of sugarcane. The stability of native soluble acid invertases (SAI) of COJ-84 (local cultivar of sugarcane) to urea showed that they were more stable than those of CP-77-400 (local cultivar of sugarcane). The stability of SAI of CP-77-400 to urea gave biphasic trend at different salinity levels, and the stability at these levels decreased significantly as compared to control. The stability of 50 mM salinity level SAI was also decreased, while at 150 mM salinity level remained unchanged. The SAI of COJ-84 secreted under saline growth media presented extreme stability to unfolding by urea. The SAI at 150 and 200 mM salinity levels gave an activation trend and did not show denaturation.

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Research paper thumbnail of Effect of a strong enzyme denaturant (urea) on the stability of soluble acid invertases from sugarcane

Pakistan Journal of Botany, 2010

An investigation was performed to determine the effect of urea, a strong enzyme denaturant on the... more An investigation was performed to determine the effect of urea, a strong enzyme denaturant on the stability of invertases from two cultivars of sugarcane. The stability of native soluble acid invertases (SAI) of COJ-84 (local cultivar of sugarcane) to urea showed that they were more stable than those of CP-77-400 (local cultivar of sugarcane). The stability of SAI of CP-77-400 to urea gave biphasic trend at different salinity levels, and the stability at these levels decreased significantly as compared to control. The stability of 50 mM salinity level SAI was also decreased, while at 150 mM salinity level remained unchanged. The SAI of COJ-84 secreted under saline growth media presented extreme stability to unfolding by urea. The SAI at 150 and 200 mM salinity levels gave an activation trend and did not show denaturation.

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Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Macro-Mineral Concentrations of Forages in Relation to Ruminants Requirements: A Case Study in Soone Valley, Punjab, Pakistan

This manuscript reports the essential macro-mineral composition of different plant species in the... more This manuscript reports the essential macro-mineral composition of different plant species in the Soone Valley located in the Salt Range within the province of Punjab, Pakistan. The climate of this Range is characterized by a relatively low annual rainfall (508 mm) and temperature varying from 1° C to 36° C in winter and summer, respectively. Hot dry winds and prolonged periods of drought are frequent in the Range. Grazing animals were followed and forage plants consumed by the livestock, were collected during the study period in the year 2004. The forage plants consisted of legumes and grasses. Different plant parts such as leaves, leaflets and pods, which were lavishly grazed by the grazing animals were separated and analyzed for macro-minerals, Na, P, K, Ca and Mg. On the basis of observations it can be concluded that most of the forage samples were sufficient in Na, P, K, Ca and Mg for the requirements of ruminants grazing therein. Comparatively, the macro-mineral concentrations...

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Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Macro-Mineral Concentrations of Forages in Relation to Ruminants Requirements: A Case Study in Soone Valley, Punjab, Pakistan

This manuscript reports the essential macro-mineral composition of different plant species in the... more This manuscript reports the essential macro-mineral composition of different plant species in the Soone Valley located in the Salt Range within the province of Punjab, Pakistan. The climate of this Range is characterized by a relatively low annual rainfall (508 mm) and temperature varying from 1° C to 36° C in winter and summer, respectively. Hot dry winds and prolonged periods of drought are frequent in the Range. Grazing animals were followed and forage plants consumed by the livestock, were collected during the study period in the year 2004. The forage plants consisted of legumes and grasses. Different plant parts such as leaves, leaflets and pods, which were lavishly grazed by the grazing animals were separated and analyzed for macro-minerals, Na, P, K, Ca and Mg. On the basis of observations it can be concluded that most of the forage samples were sufficient in Na, P, K, Ca and Mg for the requirements of ruminants grazing therein. Comparatively, the macro-mineral concentrations...

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Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Variation in Soil and Forage Micro-Mineral Concentrations in a Semiarid Region of Pakistan

An investigation was conducted to evaluate the micro-mineral status of pasture having high popula... more An investigation was conducted to evaluate the micro-mineral status of pasture having high population of small ruminants in Punjab, Pakistan. Soil and forage samples were collected fortnightly for two seasons. It was found that sampling period affected soil Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ and Se 2+

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Research paper thumbnail of Availability of nutritional minerals (cobalt, copper, iron, manganese and zinc) in pastures of central Punjab for farm livestock

Pakistan Journal of Botany, 2009

Effects of sampling frequencies on mineral status of Trifollium pastures in central Punjab, Sargo... more Effects of sampling frequencies on mineral status of Trifollium pastures in central Punjab, Sargodha at the livestock station Khizarabad were studied in relation to cattle requirement. Forages were analysed for copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and znic (Zn), and cobalt (Co). Forage Co and Cu concentrations were low and deficient in relation to cattle requirements grazing therein for most of the sampling periods. In relation to cattle requirement, the majority of forages were deficient in Co, Cu and Zn. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that the mineral supplementation on this ranch is strongly encouraged.

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Research paper thumbnail of Time-course changes in selenium status of soil and forage in a pasture in Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan

This study was carried out to determine the effects of pasture and sampling periods on selenium s... more This study was carried out to determine the effects of pasture and sampling periods on selenium status of soil and forage at a livestock farm in district Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. All animals at this farm received a basal diet consisted of different forage species in the pasture. Soil and forage samples were collected four times on monthly basis and analyzed after wet digestion to determine the selenium concentrations. Soil and forage exhibited very low levels of Se which were far below the critical level for plant growth and animal requirements for various metabolic processes. According to these results, forage and soil selenium concentrations showed both pasture and sampling period effects. High incidence of deficiency was found particularly in some months of sampling compared to the other intervals. These findings suggest the need of application of selenium containing fertilizers for pasture or supplementation with mixture containing selenium for animals being reared therein.

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Research paper thumbnail of Fatty Acid Composition in the Different Phyla of Algae from Sindh, Pakistan

Altogether ninety-seven species of algae belonging to fifty-nine genera and six phyla (divisions)... more Altogether ninety-seven species of algae belonging to fifty-nine genera and six phyla (divisions) were collected from different coastal areas at Karachi and various freshwater habitats at Gadap, Hyderabad, Kinjhar Lake, Kotri and Petaro during September 1997 and August 1998. They were extracted in chloroform:methanol, saponified, subjected to column chromatography (CC, TLC), esterified and analysed for fatty acid (FA) composition initially by gas-liquid-chromatography (GLC) and finally by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The investigated algae revealed that each phylum is characterized by a specific FA-profile. The uncommon acids, some typical FAs and the ratio of acids may appear to be useful chemotaxonomic markers. They were characterized by the largest unsaturation of C20 UFAs, the small number of occurrence and the medium size of most of the variables of FA-diversity.

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Research paper thumbnail of Precious indigenous flora of Soone Valley, Punjab, Pakistan undergoing disquieting threats

A survey was conducted to evaluate the various threats and to determine the main cause of wiping ... more A survey was conducted to evaluate the various threats and to determine the main cause of wiping out of the precious indigenous species of plants and algae, which are at the verge of extinction in Soone Valley, district Khushab, Punjab, Pakistan. The main objective of this survey was ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Distribution of oleic acid in different algal phyla of Pakistan

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Research paper thumbnail of Wave Climate of Northern Arabian Sea During Southwest Monsoon Season

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Research paper thumbnail of Distribution of Wave Heights in Phitti Creek During Southwest Monsoon

Pakistan …, 1995

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Research paper thumbnail of Variation of significant wave periods during southwest monsoon in Phitti Creek, northern Arabian Sea, Pakistan

To study the wave characteristics a Waverider buoy was deployed in Phitti Creek of northern Arabi... more To study the wave characteristics a Waverider buoy was deployed in Phitti Creek of northern Arabian Sea at 24º 33′ N and 67º 03′ E for wave measurements during south-west monsoon (April-July) 1985 and 1986. Wave records in terms of significant wave period (Tz) were collected using Tucker’s method. Percentage frequency distribution, standard deviation (σ), mean (μ), highest significant wave period (HTz) and lowest significant wave period (LTz) values were computed for statistical analysis. For the year 1985 Tz were ranged between 5.05 s to 12.03 s; the lowest μ value of 5.05 s (with a σ 0.50 s, HTz 5.85 s and LTz 4.35 s) was observed in the 3rd week of May and the highest μ 12.03 s (with a σ of 3.45 s, HTz 15.38 s and LTz 8.96 s) was observed in the first week of August. In the year 1986 Tz were ranged between 6.65 s to 10.70 s; the lowest μ value of 6.65 s (with a σ 1.12 s, HTz 10.00 s and LTz 6.00 s) was observed in the 3rd week of April and the highest μ 10.70 s (with a σ of 1.78 ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Variations in the leaf litter decomposition in tidal mudflats of Nara Creek, Indus Delta

International …, 2009

ABSTRACT The present short-term study examines the decomposition rates of mangrove leaves and dis... more ABSTRACT The present short-term study examines the decomposition rates of mangrove leaves and distinguishes the differences among rates of decomposition of two different species of mangroves i.e. Avicennia marina (Forskål) Vierh in Denkschr. and Rhizophora mucronata Poiret using litterbags methodology at the mudflats of Nara Creek in Indus Delta of Pakistan. The decay pattern of both the species was similar with very rapid losses. Percentage of dry weight (DW) along with standard deviation (SD) of leaves and nitrogen were calculated and shown in graphs.

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Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Ecological Aspects of Roadside Vegetation Around Havalian City Using Multivariate Techniques

A survey of Abbottabad roadsides vegetation and soil was undertaken. The floristic data were anal... more A survey of Abbottabad roadsides vegetation and soil was undertaken. The floristic data were analyzed by using multivariate analysis techniques i.e. Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). A total of 63 plant species and 5 major communities were recognized along 5 major roadsides as demarcated by DCA and CCA. The study also investigated the vegetation structure and its relationships to selected environmental factors. This relationship was determined by CANOCO analysis. The most important factors influencing the roadside vegetation were found to be lead and copper, and zinc to some extent. This study provides the basic information to preserve and improve the roadside vegetation, for reservation of native flora.

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Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Ecological Aspects of Roadside Vegetation Around Havalian City Using Multivariate Techniques

A survey of Abbottabad roadsides vegetation and soil was undertaken. The floristic data were anal... more A survey of Abbottabad roadsides vegetation and soil was undertaken. The floristic data were analyzed by using multivariate analysis techniques i.e. Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). A total of 63 plant species and 5 major communities were recognized along 5 major roadsides as demarcated by DCA and CCA. The study also investigated the vegetation structure and its relationships to selected environmental factors. This relationship was determined by CANOCO analysis. The most important factors influencing the roadside vegetation were found to be lead and copper, and zinc to some extent. This study provides the basic information to preserve and improve the roadside vegetation, for reservation of native flora.

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Research paper thumbnail of Appraisal of Pressmud and Inorganic Fertilizers on Soil Properties, Yield and Sugarcane Quality

A field experiment was conducted under semi-arid climatic conditions to evaluate the response of ... more A field experiment was conducted under semi-arid climatic conditions to evaluate the response of pressmud in combination with inorganic fertilizers and alone (only inorganic fertilizers) on the yield and sugarcane quality parameters besides a value-added product (locally called Gur). It is obvious from the results that inorganic fertilizer use (T2) has increased the tillers per plant, number of millable canes, stripped cane yield, sugar yield and juice present cane by 38.95 %, 38.66 %, 51.96 %, 54.92 % and 21.9 5 % respectively, over the control (T1). Similarly when higher dose of pressmud was applied in integration with inorganic fertilizers (in T3), it increased total soluble solids, sucrose, purity, CSS and sugar recovery of juice by 7.83 %, 10.42 %, 2.80 %, 12.06 %, and 12.07 %, over the control (T1). The studies concluded that higher doses of mineral fertilizers increased gur % juice but it did not improve gur quality as done by higher doses of organic manures. Soil properties ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Appraisal of Pressmud and Inorganic Fertilizers on Soil Properties, Yield and Sugarcane Quality

A field experiment was conducted under semi-arid climatic conditions to evaluate the response of ... more A field experiment was conducted under semi-arid climatic conditions to evaluate the response of pressmud in combination with inorganic fertilizers and alone (only inorganic fertilizers) on the yield and sugarcane quality parameters besides a value-added product (locally called Gur). It is obvious from the results that inorganic fertilizer use (T2) has increased the tillers per plant, number of millable canes, stripped cane yield, sugar yield and juice present cane by 38.95 %, 38.66 %, 51.96 %, 54.92 % and 21.9 5 % respectively, over the control (T1). Similarly when higher dose of pressmud was applied in integration with inorganic fertilizers (in T3), it increased total soluble solids, sucrose, purity, CSS and sugar recovery of juice by 7.83 %, 10.42 %, 2.80 %, 12.06 %, and 12.07 %, over the control (T1). The studies concluded that higher doses of mineral fertilizers increased gur % juice but it did not improve gur quality as done by higher doses of organic manures. Soil properties ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of Selenium Content in Pasture and Ewes in Punjab, Pakistan

The current research was carried out at Rakh Khaire Wala, Punjab, Pakistan. The most developed st... more The current research was carried out at Rakh Khaire Wala, Punjab, Pakistan. The most developed station for sheep farming. The aim of the study was to determine and collect data on selenium contents of soil, forages along with blood plasma and milk so as to gain information on the deficiency and/or excess of selenium levels for ruminants grazing therein. The livestock farm was visited eight times during the study year so as to determine the effect of sampling periods on the selenium contents of various samples. The mean Se concentrations of soil, forage, plasma, and milk sampled in the study were: 0.041 and 0.035 mg/kg for soil and forages and 0.036, 0.0054 mg/L for plasma and milk, respectively. These values are considered to be indicative of inadequate but point to the dietary supplementation. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that in this animal pasture, it is necessary to monitor the Se in animals so as to maintain adequate nutrition for achieving vigorous ewes.

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Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of Selenium Content in Pasture and Ewes in Punjab, Pakistan

The current research was carried out at Rakh Khaire Wala, Punjab, Pakistan. The most developed st... more The current research was carried out at Rakh Khaire Wala, Punjab, Pakistan. The most developed station for sheep farming. The aim of the study was to determine and collect data on selenium contents of soil, forages along with blood plasma and milk so as to gain information on the deficiency and/or excess of selenium levels for ruminants grazing therein. The livestock farm was visited eight times during the study year so as to determine the effect of sampling periods on the selenium contents of various samples. The mean Se concentrations of soil, forage, plasma, and milk sampled in the study were: 0.041 and 0.035 mg/kg for soil and forages and 0.036, 0.0054 mg/L for plasma and milk, respectively. These values are considered to be indicative of inadequate but point to the dietary supplementation. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that in this animal pasture, it is necessary to monitor the Se in animals so as to maintain adequate nutrition for achieving vigorous ewes.

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Research paper thumbnail of Effect of a strong enzyme denaturant (urea) on the stability of soluble acid invertases from sugarcane

Pakistan Journal of Botany, 2010

An investigation was performed to determine the effect of urea, a strong enzyme denaturant on the... more An investigation was performed to determine the effect of urea, a strong enzyme denaturant on the stability of invertases from two cultivars of sugarcane. The stability of native soluble acid invertases (SAI) of COJ-84 (local cultivar of sugarcane) to urea showed that they were more stable than those of CP-77-400 (local cultivar of sugarcane). The stability of SAI of CP-77-400 to urea gave biphasic trend at different salinity levels, and the stability at these levels decreased significantly as compared to control. The stability of 50 mM salinity level SAI was also decreased, while at 150 mM salinity level remained unchanged. The SAI of COJ-84 secreted under saline growth media presented extreme stability to unfolding by urea. The SAI at 150 and 200 mM salinity levels gave an activation trend and did not show denaturation.

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Research paper thumbnail of Effect of a strong enzyme denaturant (urea) on the stability of soluble acid invertases from sugarcane

Pakistan Journal of Botany, 2010

An investigation was performed to determine the effect of urea, a strong enzyme denaturant on the... more An investigation was performed to determine the effect of urea, a strong enzyme denaturant on the stability of invertases from two cultivars of sugarcane. The stability of native soluble acid invertases (SAI) of COJ-84 (local cultivar of sugarcane) to urea showed that they were more stable than those of CP-77-400 (local cultivar of sugarcane). The stability of SAI of CP-77-400 to urea gave biphasic trend at different salinity levels, and the stability at these levels decreased significantly as compared to control. The stability of 50 mM salinity level SAI was also decreased, while at 150 mM salinity level remained unchanged. The SAI of COJ-84 secreted under saline growth media presented extreme stability to unfolding by urea. The SAI at 150 and 200 mM salinity levels gave an activation trend and did not show denaturation.

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Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Macro-Mineral Concentrations of Forages in Relation to Ruminants Requirements: A Case Study in Soone Valley, Punjab, Pakistan

This manuscript reports the essential macro-mineral composition of different plant species in the... more This manuscript reports the essential macro-mineral composition of different plant species in the Soone Valley located in the Salt Range within the province of Punjab, Pakistan. The climate of this Range is characterized by a relatively low annual rainfall (508 mm) and temperature varying from 1° C to 36° C in winter and summer, respectively. Hot dry winds and prolonged periods of drought are frequent in the Range. Grazing animals were followed and forage plants consumed by the livestock, were collected during the study period in the year 2004. The forage plants consisted of legumes and grasses. Different plant parts such as leaves, leaflets and pods, which were lavishly grazed by the grazing animals were separated and analyzed for macro-minerals, Na, P, K, Ca and Mg. On the basis of observations it can be concluded that most of the forage samples were sufficient in Na, P, K, Ca and Mg for the requirements of ruminants grazing therein. Comparatively, the macro-mineral concentrations...

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Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Macro-Mineral Concentrations of Forages in Relation to Ruminants Requirements: A Case Study in Soone Valley, Punjab, Pakistan

This manuscript reports the essential macro-mineral composition of different plant species in the... more This manuscript reports the essential macro-mineral composition of different plant species in the Soone Valley located in the Salt Range within the province of Punjab, Pakistan. The climate of this Range is characterized by a relatively low annual rainfall (508 mm) and temperature varying from 1° C to 36° C in winter and summer, respectively. Hot dry winds and prolonged periods of drought are frequent in the Range. Grazing animals were followed and forage plants consumed by the livestock, were collected during the study period in the year 2004. The forage plants consisted of legumes and grasses. Different plant parts such as leaves, leaflets and pods, which were lavishly grazed by the grazing animals were separated and analyzed for macro-minerals, Na, P, K, Ca and Mg. On the basis of observations it can be concluded that most of the forage samples were sufficient in Na, P, K, Ca and Mg for the requirements of ruminants grazing therein. Comparatively, the macro-mineral concentrations...

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Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Variation in Soil and Forage Micro-Mineral Concentrations in a Semiarid Region of Pakistan

An investigation was conducted to evaluate the micro-mineral status of pasture having high popula... more An investigation was conducted to evaluate the micro-mineral status of pasture having high population of small ruminants in Punjab, Pakistan. Soil and forage samples were collected fortnightly for two seasons. It was found that sampling period affected soil Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ and Se 2+

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Research paper thumbnail of Availability of nutritional minerals (cobalt, copper, iron, manganese and zinc) in pastures of central Punjab for farm livestock

Pakistan Journal of Botany, 2009

Effects of sampling frequencies on mineral status of Trifollium pastures in central Punjab, Sargo... more Effects of sampling frequencies on mineral status of Trifollium pastures in central Punjab, Sargodha at the livestock station Khizarabad were studied in relation to cattle requirement. Forages were analysed for copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and znic (Zn), and cobalt (Co). Forage Co and Cu concentrations were low and deficient in relation to cattle requirements grazing therein for most of the sampling periods. In relation to cattle requirement, the majority of forages were deficient in Co, Cu and Zn. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that the mineral supplementation on this ranch is strongly encouraged.

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Research paper thumbnail of Time-course changes in selenium status of soil and forage in a pasture in Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan

This study was carried out to determine the effects of pasture and sampling periods on selenium s... more This study was carried out to determine the effects of pasture and sampling periods on selenium status of soil and forage at a livestock farm in district Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. All animals at this farm received a basal diet consisted of different forage species in the pasture. Soil and forage samples were collected four times on monthly basis and analyzed after wet digestion to determine the selenium concentrations. Soil and forage exhibited very low levels of Se which were far below the critical level for plant growth and animal requirements for various metabolic processes. According to these results, forage and soil selenium concentrations showed both pasture and sampling period effects. High incidence of deficiency was found particularly in some months of sampling compared to the other intervals. These findings suggest the need of application of selenium containing fertilizers for pasture or supplementation with mixture containing selenium for animals being reared therein.

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Research paper thumbnail of Fatty Acid Composition in the Different Phyla of Algae from Sindh, Pakistan

Altogether ninety-seven species of algae belonging to fifty-nine genera and six phyla (divisions)... more Altogether ninety-seven species of algae belonging to fifty-nine genera and six phyla (divisions) were collected from different coastal areas at Karachi and various freshwater habitats at Gadap, Hyderabad, Kinjhar Lake, Kotri and Petaro during September 1997 and August 1998. They were extracted in chloroform:methanol, saponified, subjected to column chromatography (CC, TLC), esterified and analysed for fatty acid (FA) composition initially by gas-liquid-chromatography (GLC) and finally by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The investigated algae revealed that each phylum is characterized by a specific FA-profile. The uncommon acids, some typical FAs and the ratio of acids may appear to be useful chemotaxonomic markers. They were characterized by the largest unsaturation of C20 UFAs, the small number of occurrence and the medium size of most of the variables of FA-diversity.

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Research paper thumbnail of Precious indigenous flora of Soone Valley, Punjab, Pakistan undergoing disquieting threats

A survey was conducted to evaluate the various threats and to determine the main cause of wiping ... more A survey was conducted to evaluate the various threats and to determine the main cause of wiping out of the precious indigenous species of plants and algae, which are at the verge of extinction in Soone Valley, district Khushab, Punjab, Pakistan. The main objective of this survey was ...

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