Kashif Hussain | University of Karachi (original) (raw)
Papers by Kashif Hussain
Numerous nanotechnological approaches have been widely practiced to improve the bioavailability o... more Numerous nanotechnological approaches have been widely practiced to improve the bioavailability of less aqueous soluble drugs; phospholipid based vesicles (liposomes) being the most widely applied drug delivery system. However; due to stability issues, large scale production limitations, sterilization and long term storage problems; non-ionic surfactant based vesicles (niosomes) are considered their excellent counterparts. Niosomes are vesicles of non-ionic surfactants having the ability to carrying both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs in their inner aqueous or lipid bilayer compartments. In this research work, triazole based non-ionic surfactant (TBNIS) was synthesized and characterized by different spectroscopic techniques and then screened for biocompatibility using NIH 3T3 cell line, blood hemolysis assay and acute toxicity in mice. The synthesized surfactant was then checked for niosomes' formation, Amphotericin B loading and entrapment efficiency, drug release, stability and bioavailability of the drug was assessed and compared with free drug solution. The synthesized surfactant was found biocompatible and caused less blood hemolysis, greater cell vial ability and negligible toxicity in animals. The size of drug loaded niosomal vesicles of TBNIS based surfactant was 179.9 ± 3.23 nm with smaller size distribution i.e. 0.29 ± 0.02. The triazole based surfactant vesicles showed 88.76 ± 3.45 % drug entrapment efficiency, sustained drug release profile and stability. The drug in TBNIS based vesicles has greater oral bioavailability 0.099 ± 0.03 as compared to plan drug solution 0.012 ± 0.023 μg/mL. Results of this study suggests that the newly synthesized triazole based surfactant can be used in drug delivery for improving bioavailability of less water soluble drugs like Amphotericin B.
A simple, efficient and cost effective protocol was established for the synthesis of silver nanop... more A simple, efficient and cost effective protocol was established for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using L-Tyrosine as capping agent in aqueous medium. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy was used to observe the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) band of L-Tyrosine derived silver nanoparticles (TYR-AgNPs) prepared under optimized conditions. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed to obtain the interaction between L-tyrosine and AgNPs. The particle size and morphological features were affirmed through dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Crystalline planes of TYR-AgNPs were verified through X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The TYR-AgNPs possessed spherical geometry with the size range of 14.5-18.2 nm and average size of 18 nm. These TYR-AgNPs were acknowledged as colorimetric sensor for trace level detection of lanthanum (La 3+) by UV-vis spectroscopy for the first time. As-developed colorimetric La 3+ nanosensor worked linearly in the range of 0.5-22.5 µM with R 2 value of 0.998 and limit of detection (LOD) equal to 0.06 µM. Negligible interference was noticed in the presence of several monovalent, divalent, trivalent, tetravalent some lanthanides cations, and associated anions. The developed sensor was employed successfully for the determination of La 3+ in geological (rock) and tap water samples.
In this study, curcumin-nanoformulations were tested for anti-Acanthamoebic properties. Curcumin-... more In this study, curcumin-nanoformulations were tested for anti-Acanthamoebic properties. Curcumin-loaded nanovesicles were synthesized, followed by characterization with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, and atomic force microscopy. Using amoebicidal assay, the effects of curcumin-nanoformulations were investigated against A. castellanii belonging to the T4 genotype. To determine the effects of curcumin-nanoformulations on host cells, cytotoxicity assays were performed using human keratinocyte cells (HaCat). The results revealed that nanovesicles formulation of curcumin enhanced the anti-Acanthamoebic effects of curcumin as compared with curcumin alone. The viability decreased with increasing concentration of curcumin and/or lipid-based carrier (Noisome) (FCBR18) in a dose-dependent manner. Curcumin and curcumin-loaded nanovesicles exhibited minimal cytotoxic effects against human cells in all tested concentrations. Both concentrations of FCBR18 proved effective in inhibiting amoebae excystation. In contrast, curcumin alone showed insignificant effects against amoebae excystation. Taken together, these findings clearly showed that curcumin-loaded nanovesicles show enhanced anti-Acanthamoebic efficacy without harming human cells, and these nanotherapeutics may hold promise in the development of new formulations of anti-Acanthamoebic agents.
Stimuli-responsive or smart nanocarriers are emerging class of materials used for drug delivery a... more Stimuli-responsive or smart nanocarriers are emerging class of materials used for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. The objective of this study was to develop environment friendly, economic and smart gelatin based hydrogel for controlled delivery of ceftriaxone. Gelatin was modified with furfuryl amine and converted to hydrogel via photo oxidation reaction, initiated with visible light in the presence of crosslinking agent (eosin Y and riboflavin) to enhance the mechanical properties and increase structural integrity of the hydrogel. The conjugated gelatin-furfuryl amine (GFA) was characterized by 1 H NMR and FTIR techniques. An antimicrobial drug (ceftriaxone) was encapsulated in hydrogels systems (HG-E and HG-R) and its encapsulation efficiency was found as 88 % and 74 %, respectively. The in-vitro swelling property and release profile of the drug reveals that the behavior of hydrogel was pH dependent for both the hydrogels systems. Antibacterial study performed on HG-R hydrogel system via disc diffusion method revealed a greater zone of inhibition for Staphylococcus aureus. Findings of the presented work revealed the formation of an excellent, smart hydrogel system using Eosin-Y as cross-linker having greater encapsulation efficiency that can potentially be used for drug delivery application of ceftriaxone to enhance its therapeutic effects.
![Research paper thumbnail of Ultra-trace level voltammetric sensor for MB in human plasma based on a carboxylic derivative of Calix[4]resorcinarene capped silver nanoparticles](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88780079/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](This work was initiated by synthesizing a carboxylic derivative of Calix[4]resorcinarene through ... more This work was initiated by synthesizing a carboxylic derivative of Calix[4]resorcinarene through a three step protocol confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H NMR) spectroscopy and Electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS). As synthesized derivative, was used as reducing and capping material for the fabrication of small and stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in aqueous medium under the combined influence of dilute alkali and heat at 90°C. These nanoparticles were referred as KM20-AgNPs. Techniques used for characterization of AgNPs include UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential analyzer (ZPA). The finally produced KM20-AgNPs were recognized as highly sensitive and extremely selective voltammetric sensor for low level detection of methylene blue drug in the linear working range of 1-30 nM with limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) as 0.16 nM and 0.53 nM respectively. The developed sensor was successfully used for sensing of MB in human blood plasma.
Springer.com, 2021
b-cyclodextrin (b-CD) is biocompatible and biodegradable polymer having inherent hydrophobic cavi... more b-cyclodextrin (b-CD) is biocompatible and biodegradable polymer having inherent hydrophobic cavities, thus is widely used as a drug nanocarrier for less water soluble drugs. Naringin is a pharmacologically active important compound however, its therapeutic efficacy is limited due to its unique physicochemical properties including lower aqueous solubility. This study reports improvement in bactericidal potentials of naringin through construction of its nano-formulation using biocompatible b-CD. Naringin loaded b-CD NPs were prepared via solvent evaporation method and characterized using various techniques such as FTIR, UV-visible spectroscopy, AFM, DSC and TGA analysis. Tetrazolium Microplate and AFM assays were used for investigating the bactericidal potential of naringin loaded b-CD NPs. Monodispersed NPs with spherical morphology of 70.00 ± 15.06 nm mean diameter were obtained that possessed net negative surface charge of-18.20 ± 3.24 mV and were highly stable and did not change the chemical nature of the drug in various media. Antibacterial activity of naringin in b-CD NPs significantly enhanced that was authenticated by AFM, showing prominent destructive changes in the bacterial cell's morphology through destabilization of outer membrane of bacterial cells by drug loaded NPs. Results of this study suggest that the b-CD NPs of naringin could be used as a successful formulation for developing more efficacious form of the drug against various bacterial infections.
Numerous nanotechnological approaches have been widely practiced to improve the bioavailability o... more Numerous nanotechnological approaches have been widely practiced to improve the bioavailability of less aqueous soluble drugs; phospholipid based vesicles (liposomes) being the most widely applied drug delivery system. However; due to stability issues, large scale production limitations, sterilization and long term storage problems; non-ionic surfactant based vesicles (niosomes) are considered their excellent counterparts. Niosomes are vesicles of non-ionic surfactants having the ability to carrying both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs in their inner aqueous or lipid bilayer compartments. In this research work, triazole based non-ionic surfactant (TBNIS) was synthesized and characterized by different spectroscopic techniques and then screened for biocompatibility using NIH 3T3 cell line, blood hemolysis assay and acute toxicity in mice. The synthesized surfactant was then checked for niosomes' formation, Amphotericin B loading and entrapment efficiency, drug release, stability and bioavailability of the drug was assessed and compared with free drug solution. The synthesized surfactant was found biocompatible and caused less blood hemolysis, greater cell vial ability and negligible toxicity in animals. The size of drug loaded niosomal vesicles of TBNIS based surfactant was 179.9 ± 3.23 nm with smaller size distribution i.e. 0.29 ± 0.02. The triazole based surfactant vesicles showed 88.76 ± 3.45 % drug entrapment efficiency, sustained drug release profile and stability. The drug in TBNIS based vesicles has greater oral bioavailability 0.099 ± 0.03 as compared to plan drug solution 0.012 ± 0.023 μg/mL. Results of this study suggests that the newly synthesized triazole based surfactant can be used in drug delivery for improving bioavailability of less water soluble drugs like Amphotericin B.
A simple, efficient and cost effective protocol was established for the synthesis of silver nanop... more A simple, efficient and cost effective protocol was established for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using L-Tyrosine as capping agent in aqueous medium. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy was used to observe the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) band of L-Tyrosine derived silver nanoparticles (TYR-AgNPs) prepared under optimized conditions. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed to obtain the interaction between L-tyrosine and AgNPs. The particle size and morphological features were affirmed through dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Crystalline planes of TYR-AgNPs were verified through X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The TYR-AgNPs possessed spherical geometry with the size range of 14.5-18.2 nm and average size of 18 nm. These TYR-AgNPs were acknowledged as colorimetric sensor for trace level detection of lanthanum (La 3+) by UV-vis spectroscopy for the first time. As-developed colorimetric La 3+ nanosensor worked linearly in the range of 0.5-22.5 µM with R 2 value of 0.998 and limit of detection (LOD) equal to 0.06 µM. Negligible interference was noticed in the presence of several monovalent, divalent, trivalent, tetravalent some lanthanides cations, and associated anions. The developed sensor was employed successfully for the determination of La 3+ in geological (rock) and tap water samples.
In this study, curcumin-nanoformulations were tested for anti-Acanthamoebic properties. Curcumin-... more In this study, curcumin-nanoformulations were tested for anti-Acanthamoebic properties. Curcumin-loaded nanovesicles were synthesized, followed by characterization with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, and atomic force microscopy. Using amoebicidal assay, the effects of curcumin-nanoformulations were investigated against A. castellanii belonging to the T4 genotype. To determine the effects of curcumin-nanoformulations on host cells, cytotoxicity assays were performed using human keratinocyte cells (HaCat). The results revealed that nanovesicles formulation of curcumin enhanced the anti-Acanthamoebic effects of curcumin as compared with curcumin alone. The viability decreased with increasing concentration of curcumin and/or lipid-based carrier (Noisome) (FCBR18) in a dose-dependent manner. Curcumin and curcumin-loaded nanovesicles exhibited minimal cytotoxic effects against human cells in all tested concentrations. Both concentrations of FCBR18 proved effective in inhibiting amoebae excystation. In contrast, curcumin alone showed insignificant effects against amoebae excystation. Taken together, these findings clearly showed that curcumin-loaded nanovesicles show enhanced anti-Acanthamoebic efficacy without harming human cells, and these nanotherapeutics may hold promise in the development of new formulations of anti-Acanthamoebic agents.
Stimuli-responsive or smart nanocarriers are emerging class of materials used for drug delivery a... more Stimuli-responsive or smart nanocarriers are emerging class of materials used for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. The objective of this study was to develop environment friendly, economic and smart gelatin based hydrogel for controlled delivery of ceftriaxone. Gelatin was modified with furfuryl amine and converted to hydrogel via photo oxidation reaction, initiated with visible light in the presence of crosslinking agent (eosin Y and riboflavin) to enhance the mechanical properties and increase structural integrity of the hydrogel. The conjugated gelatin-furfuryl amine (GFA) was characterized by 1 H NMR and FTIR techniques. An antimicrobial drug (ceftriaxone) was encapsulated in hydrogels systems (HG-E and HG-R) and its encapsulation efficiency was found as 88 % and 74 %, respectively. The in-vitro swelling property and release profile of the drug reveals that the behavior of hydrogel was pH dependent for both the hydrogels systems. Antibacterial study performed on HG-R hydrogel system via disc diffusion method revealed a greater zone of inhibition for Staphylococcus aureus. Findings of the presented work revealed the formation of an excellent, smart hydrogel system using Eosin-Y as cross-linker having greater encapsulation efficiency that can potentially be used for drug delivery application of ceftriaxone to enhance its therapeutic effects.
This work was initiated by synthesizing a carboxylic derivative of Calix[4]resorcinarene through ... more This work was initiated by synthesizing a carboxylic derivative of Calix[4]resorcinarene through a three step protocol confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H NMR) spectroscopy and Electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS). As synthesized derivative, was used as reducing and capping material for the fabrication of small and stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in aqueous medium under the combined influence of dilute alkali and heat at 90°C. These nanoparticles were referred as KM20-AgNPs. Techniques used for characterization of AgNPs include UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential analyzer (ZPA). The finally produced KM20-AgNPs were recognized as highly sensitive and extremely selective voltammetric sensor for low level detection of methylene blue drug in the linear working range of 1-30 nM with limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) as 0.16 nM and 0.53 nM respectively. The developed sensor was successfully used for sensing of MB in human blood plasma.
Springer.com, 2021
b-cyclodextrin (b-CD) is biocompatible and biodegradable polymer having inherent hydrophobic cavi... more b-cyclodextrin (b-CD) is biocompatible and biodegradable polymer having inherent hydrophobic cavities, thus is widely used as a drug nanocarrier for less water soluble drugs. Naringin is a pharmacologically active important compound however, its therapeutic efficacy is limited due to its unique physicochemical properties including lower aqueous solubility. This study reports improvement in bactericidal potentials of naringin through construction of its nano-formulation using biocompatible b-CD. Naringin loaded b-CD NPs were prepared via solvent evaporation method and characterized using various techniques such as FTIR, UV-visible spectroscopy, AFM, DSC and TGA analysis. Tetrazolium Microplate and AFM assays were used for investigating the bactericidal potential of naringin loaded b-CD NPs. Monodispersed NPs with spherical morphology of 70.00 ± 15.06 nm mean diameter were obtained that possessed net negative surface charge of-18.20 ± 3.24 mV and were highly stable and did not change the chemical nature of the drug in various media. Antibacterial activity of naringin in b-CD NPs significantly enhanced that was authenticated by AFM, showing prominent destructive changes in the bacterial cell's morphology through destabilization of outer membrane of bacterial cells by drug loaded NPs. Results of this study suggest that the b-CD NPs of naringin could be used as a successful formulation for developing more efficacious form of the drug against various bacterial infections.