Ben Chindo | Kaduna State University (original) (raw)
Papers by Ben Chindo
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Feb 29, 2024
Journal of evidence-based integrative medicine, 2024
Journal of current biomedical research, Aug 31, 2023
Journal of Herbal Drugs: International Journal on Medicinal Herbs, Feb 20, 2019
Background & Aim: Oxidative stress has been linked to the development of systemic complications i... more Background & Aim: Oxidative stress has been linked to the development of systemic complications in malaria infection. Recent approaches in treatment of malaria suggest that the control of oxidative stress in infected patients may be of therapeutic advantage. The stem bark and leaves of Uapaca togoensis are used locally in the treatment of various diseases including malaria. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activities of the methanol stem bark extract of the plant in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Experimental: Mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 0.2 ml of parasitized erythrocytes and parasitemia level assessed after 72 h by the preparation of thin blood films stained with Geimsa stain. The mice were divided into five groups of six mice each. Groups I and V were administered with distilled water (10 ml/kg) and chloroquine (5 mg/kg) orally for four days. The extract at doses of 250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg were orally administered to groups II, III and IV, respectively, for the same period. Mice were sacrificed under light chloroform. Blood was collected by cardiac puncture and centrifuged at 2,500 rpm for 15 minutes to obtain the serum. The serum was then analyzed to determine the levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and lipid peroxidation product (malondialdehyde-MDA). Results: Oral median lethal dose of the methanol stem bark extract of Uapacatogoensis was estimated to be greater than 5,000 mg/kg. Administration of the extract to P. berghei infected mice produced a significant (p<0.05) increase in superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione and catalase levels in. However, a significant (p<0.05) decrease in lipid peroxidation activity in the parasitized mice was observed. Recommended applications/industries: The plant possesses antioxidant property which can be exploited in the management of oxidative stress caused by malaria.
Fudma Journal of Sciences, Jul 4, 2020
The liver and the kidneys are two very important organs in the body and they are responsible for ... more The liver and the kidneys are two very important organs in the body and they are responsible for the metabolism and excretion of drugs respectively amongst several other functions. Severe adverse effects on these organs can lead to organ dysfunction or failure and a consequential effect on wellbeing and can even be life-threatening. This study investigated the effects of hydromethanolic stem extract of Costus afer Ker Gawl. (Costaceae) on liver and kidney function indices and the histopathology of the organs in Wistar rats. Serum liver enzymes which include: alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein and albumin as well as serum urea, creatinine, sodium ions, potassium ions, chloride ions, bicarbonate ions were evaluated in biochemical studies. Sections of the liver and kidneys appropriately treated were examined microscopically for pathological lesions.There were decreased serum levels of ALT and ALP, but serum levels of AST increased at 500 and 1000 mg/kg doses. Serum levels of total protein (TP) and albumin concentration as well as urea and creatinine serum levels were not significantly (p>0.05) affected. However, histological examination of the liver and kidneys revealed slight to moderate hepatic necrosis and slight tubular necrosis respectively especially at 500 and 100 mg/kg doses of the extract. The results showed that the extract may be harmful to the liver and to a lesser extent the kidneys on prolonged administration and therefore it should be used with caution in such instances.
Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants, Feb 4, 2002
The methanolic extract of Ficus platyphylla Del.-Holl. stem bark was investigated for anti-inflam... more The methanolic extract of Ficus platyphylla Del.-Holl. stem bark was investigated for anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities. The anti-inflammatory activity was tested against egg albumin-induced edema, while the analgesic effects were studied using the acetic acid-induced writhing in mice and formalin test in mice. The results revealed that the aqueous extract of Ficus platyphylla possess significant, dose dependent anti-inflammatory effects. The
Advances in traditional medicine, Apr 27, 2022
The FASEB Journal, Apr 1, 2020
IntroductionNymphaea lotus is a medicinal plant used for management of insomnia, anxiety and othe... more IntroductionNymphaea lotus is a medicinal plant used for management of insomnia, anxiety and other related disorders. This research investigated the effect of the methanol rhizome extract of water lily on sleep onset and duration as well as the effect on CNS depression.MethodThe sedative activity of the extract was evaluated using diazepam‐induced sleep (DIS) and beam‐walk assay (BWA) while the CNS effect was investigated using open field test (OFT) and light/dark box (LDB) test in mice.In the DIS test, mice were divided into four (4) groups of six mice each. Mice in group I received normal saline (10ml/kg). Group II to IV mice received graded doses of the extract. All mice were administered diazepam 20 mg/kg after 30minutes treatment period. Mice were subsequently placed in cages individually and observed for onset and duration of sleep.In BWA, mice were trained to walk from a start platform along a ruler (80cm long, 3cm wide) elevated 30cm above the bench by metal support to a goal box and successful mice were used for the study. Mice were divided into five (5) groups of 6 mice each. Group I and V received Normal Saline (10ml/kg, i.p) and diazepam (2 mg/kg, i.p) respectively, whereas mice in group II – IV received graded doses of the extract. 30 minutes post‐treatment, each mouse was placed at one end of the beam and allowed to walk to the goal box. Mice that fell were returned to the position they fell from, with a maximum time of 60s allowed on the beam. The number of foot slips and time taken to reach the goal box was recorded.For OFT, a wooden box (7× 72 × 36 cm) with one of the side walls made of transparent Perspex glass and illuminated with a 60W bulb suspended 100 cm from above was used. Mice were randomly divided into five (5) groups of six mice each. Grouping and treatment are similar to those in BMA but with 0.5mg/kg dose of diazepam in group V. The mice were placed individually at the corner of the arena and the number of central squares and total number of squares crossed was observed for 5 min period.In the LDB maze, a box of size 46 × 27 × 30 cm consisting of two compartments (1/3rd black compartment and 2/3rd white compartment illuminated with 40W light source and connected through a small open doorway) was used. Drug treatment is similar to that in the OFT. After 30 minutes treatment period, each mouse was placed individually in the center of the light compartment and observed for 5 minutes for the crossings between and time spent in the two compartments.Male Swiss albino mice were employed for use in this research. Ethical approval for the use of lab animals was obtained from Ahmadu Bello University Committee on Animal Use and Care (ABUCAUC).ResultsIn the DIS test, the extract at 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased the mean duration of sleep but only significantly (p ≤ 0.05) hastened sleep onset at 200mg/kg (Fig. 1). In the BMA, the extract (50–200 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.001) increased the number of foot slips and the time taken to cross the beam (Fig. 2 and 3). In the OFT, the extract at 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased the number of squares crossed and the total number of central squares crossed (Table 1.0). In the LDB test, the extract at all doses significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased time spent in dark area (Table 2.0).ConclusionNymphaea lotus has sedative and CNS depressant activity and can be explored in the management of conditions where these are of benefit.Effect of Aqueous Methanol Rhizome Extract of Nymphaea lotus on Diazepam‐ Induced Sleep in Mice. *=P < 0.05; ***=P<0.01; N=6.Key: AMNL = Aqueous methanol rhizome extract of Nymphaea lotus; DZP = Diazepam; N/Saline = Normal SalineFigure 1Effect of Aqueous Methanol Rhizome Extract of Nymphaea Lotus on Motor Coordination in Mice using Beam Walking Assay.* P ≤ 0.05; **P<0.01; Vs N/saline; N=6. AMNL: Aqueous methanol rhizome extract of Nymphaea lotus; DZP = Diazepam; N/Saline: Normal SalineFigure 2Effect of Aqueous Methanol Rhizome Extract of Nymphaea Lotus on Motor Coordination in Mice using Beam Walking Assay. *** P<0.001 Vs N/Saline; N=6. Key: AMNL = Aqueous methanol rhizome extract of Nymphaea lotus; DZP = Diazepam; N/Saline = Normal salineFigure 3 Effect of Aqueous Methanol Rhizome Extract of Nymphaea lotus on Mice Behaviour in Open Field Test Treatment Dose (mg/kg) No. of Squares Crossed No. of Central Squares Crossed N/Saline 10ml/kg 89.20 ± 5.60 1.00 ± 0.32 AMNL 50 54.33 ± 5.28 1.33 ± 0.62 AMNL 100 65.17 ± 2.60 * 1.17 ± 0.65 AMNL 200 44.67 ± 2.47 ** 0.33 ± 0.21 * DZP 0.5 102.33 ± 5.74 # 2.33 ± 0.56 * Data for number of squares crossed and number of central square crossed are expressed mean ± S.E.M. Data are analysed using one‐way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett Post‐Hoc test with p value ≤ 0.05 considered to be statistically significant. *p value <0.05, **p value < 0.01, #p value < 0.001 Vs N/Saline; N = 6. Key: AMNL = Aqueous methanol rhizome extract…
European journal of medicinal plants, Jan 10, 2016
NIgerian Journal of Neuroscience
Tizanidine is a selective α2-adrenergic receptor agonist that stimulates the central nervous syst... more Tizanidine is a selective α2-adrenergic receptor agonist that stimulates the central nervous system through the adrenergic pathway. This study evaluated the antidepressant and anticonvulsant activity of tizanidine in mice. The various limitations of currently available anti-depressive and epileptic drugs and the bidirectional relationship between the two neurological disorders warrant improved pharmacotherapy interventions. 125 Balb/c mice were divided into 75 and 50 for antidepressant and anticonvulsant stud-ies, respectively. Forced swim (FST), tail suspension (TST), and open field (OFT) antidepressant models were used. In each model, twenty-five mice were divided into five groups (n=5); 1 mL/kg dis-tilled water group (negative control), 15 mg/kg imipramine (positive control in FST and TST), 0.05 mg/kg diazepam (positive control for OFT) group, and 1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, and 4 mg/kg tizanidine groups respectively. Anticonvulsant screening was conducted using pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) an...
OBM Integrative and Complementary Medicine, 2022
Preparations of Zingiber officinale are used in Nigerian folk medicine to manage colds, pain, art... more Preparations of Zingiber officinale are used in Nigerian folk medicine to manage colds, pain, arthritis, nausea, and epilepsy. The ameliorative effects of co-administering aqueous Zingiber officinale extract (GE) and sodium valproate (SDV) on pentylenetetrazole-kindled mice were evaluated regarding cognitive deficits, neuronal cell loss, and seizure severity. GFAP was also quantified. Male mice were pretreated with GE (50 mg/kg), SDV (100 and 200 mg/kg), and GE + SDV before kindling. After kindling, the mice underwent a learning performance test. The animals received a challenge dose of pentylenetetrazole one week after kindling. The brains were excised one day after the challenge test and were processed for GFAP immunohistochemistry and histopathology. GE alone did not affect PTZ-kindled seizures. However, treatment with GE and SDV significantly improved learning performance and protected against neuronal cell loss in pentylenetetrazole-kindled mice. The level of astrocyte activati...
Pharmaceutical biology, Jan 9, 2015
Carissa edulis Vahl (Apocynaceae) is used in Nigerian folk medicine to manage a plethora of disea... more Carissa edulis Vahl (Apocynaceae) is used in Nigerian folk medicine to manage a plethora of diseases including epilepsy, cancer, and inflammation; its efficacy is widely acclaimed among communities of northern Nigeria. This study establishes anticonvulsant activities of aqueous fraction of ethanol root bark extract of Carissa edulis (RAF) and sub-fractions (S1 and S2) in animal models. We evaluated the acute toxicity of the RAF, S1 and S2, and the anticonvulsant activity using pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), picrotoxin, strychnine, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), isoniazid (INH), and aminophylline-induced seizures in mice. Their effects on maximal electroshock (MES) and kindling-induced seizures were studied in chicks and in rats, respectively, and in the electrophysiological study. The doses used for RAF were 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg while S1 and S2 were 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg. Both RAF and sub-fractions were administered once during the experiment. The intraperitoneal LD50 of the RAF was ...
Bollettino chimico farmaceutico
The effect of the methanolic extract of Newbouldia laevis seem on the central nervous system of r... more The effect of the methanolic extract of Newbouldia laevis seem on the central nervous system of rats and mice was investigated. The extract was tested on spontaneous motor activity, exploratory behaviour, apomorphine induced climbing behaviour in mice and pentobarbital induced hypnosis in rats. The extract caused considerable reductions of exploratory activity, spontaneous motor activity and prolonged pentobarbitone-induced hypnosis in rats. It was also found to attenuate apomorphine climbing in mice. The results suggest that the methanolic extract of Newbouldia laevis may contain principles that have sedative properties.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Mar 1, 2003
The central nervous system (CNS) activity of the methanolic extract of Ficus platyphylla stem bar... more The central nervous system (CNS) activity of the methanolic extract of Ficus platyphylla stem bark was studied on locomotor activity, pentobarbital sleeping time, exploratory behaviour, amphetamine-induced hyperactivity, apomorphine-induced stereotypy, active-avoidance and performance on tread mills (rota-rod), using mice and rats. The results revealed that the extract significantly reduced the locomotor and exploratory activities in mice, prolonged pentobarbital sleeping time in rats, attenuated amphetamine-induced hyperactivity and apomorphine-induced stereotypy in mice, dose-dependently. The extract significantly suppressed the active-avoidance response in rats, with no significant effect on motor coordination as determined by the performance on rota-rod. The results suggest that the extract may possess sedative principles with potential neuroleptic properties.
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Oct 29, 2008
The psychopharmacological effects of a saponin-rich fraction (SFG) obtained from crude methanolic... more The psychopharmacological effects of a saponin-rich fraction (SFG) obtained from crude methanolic extract of Ficus platyphylla stem bark were studied on spontaneous motor activity (SMA), pentobarbitalinduced sleep, motor coordination, amphetamine-induced hyperactivity and stereotyped behaviour, catalepsy, forced swim and tail suspension tests in rodents. SFG reduced SMA dose dependently, suggesting that it may contain psychoactive principles with sedative effects. The fraction shortened the onset and prolonged the duration of pentobarbital-induced sleep, which confirmed its sedative properties. The fraction diminished immobility time in forced swim and tail suspension tests, which is indicative of antidepressant properties. It attenuated amphetamine-induced hyperactivity and stereotyped behaviour, induced catalepsy and exacerbated haloperidol-induced catalepsy in rodents, but had no effect on motor coordination in the treadmill experiment at the doses tested. These effects were similar to those of classical neuroleptics and antidepressants. Our study provides scientific evidence of psychopharmacological effects of the saponin fraction of Ficus platyphylla stem bark and therefore supports further development of its psychoactive components as antipsychotics and antidepressants.
Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, Jul 19, 2016
Uapacatogoensis of family Euphorbiaceae ailments including pneumonia, cough, fever, rheumatism, v... more Uapacatogoensis of family Euphorbiaceae ailments including pneumonia, cough, fever, rheumatism, vomitting and epilepsy fraction of the stem bark was extract was studied Lorke's method studied in chloroquine-sensitive in each group were used. Group 1 and 4 were administered with 250, 500, and 1000 mg respectively, while group 5 was administered with 5mg chloroquine/kg body weight. The doses were all administered orally. All doses of the extract produced significant, dose dependent, chemo suppressive activity against the parasite in the suppressive, curative and pro was comparable to the group treated with chloroquine. The extract also prolonged the mean survival time of treated mice compared to the untreated group. The oral median lethal dose (LD of the ethyl acetate fraction in mice study showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of the stem bark is safe and has antiplasmodial activity.
Journal of Current Biomedical Research
Epilepsy represents a major public health problem in low- and middle-income countries of Africa a... more Epilepsy represents a major public health problem in low- and middle-income countries of Africa and Latin America where over 75% of patients do not have access to treatment. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of Zingiber officinale have been reported previously to have anticonvulsant effect. This study was aimed at comparing the anticonvulsant effect of ethanol and ethylacetate extracts of Zingiber officinale rhizomes in mice and chicks. Fresh rhizomes of Zingiber officinale (ginger) were collected, size reduced, air-dried under shade and extracted with ethanol and ethylacetate using cold maceration. Anticonvulsant activity of the extracts was determined by maximal electroshock stimulation (MES) in chicks, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and strychnine induced seizure models in mice. The ethanol and ethylacetate extracts of the ginger at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg were administered intraperitoneally 30 minutes prior to the induction of seizures. Both ethanol and ethylacetate extracts of Zin...
Behavioural effects of Artemisinin (AR) were studied on spontaneous motor activity (SMA), explora... more Behavioural effects of Artemisinin (AR) were studied on spontaneous motor activity (SMA), exploratory behaviour (EB), apomorphine induced stereo- typed behaviour (ASB) in mice and bromocriptine induced hyperactivity (BIH) in short-term reserpinized(STR) mice. AR (50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly (p \u3c 0.05) reduced the SMA, EB and attenuated ASB mice. The STR Mice showed a decreased in locomotor activity (LA), which was activated by bromocriptine (5 mg/kg, i.p.). AR attenuated BIH in the STR mice. The results suggest that artemisinin possesses central inhibitory property, which may be mediated via postsynaptic dopamin E (D2)-receptor antagonism in the brain stem area
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Feb 29, 2024
Journal of evidence-based integrative medicine, 2024
Journal of current biomedical research, Aug 31, 2023
Journal of Herbal Drugs: International Journal on Medicinal Herbs, Feb 20, 2019
Background & Aim: Oxidative stress has been linked to the development of systemic complications i... more Background & Aim: Oxidative stress has been linked to the development of systemic complications in malaria infection. Recent approaches in treatment of malaria suggest that the control of oxidative stress in infected patients may be of therapeutic advantage. The stem bark and leaves of Uapaca togoensis are used locally in the treatment of various diseases including malaria. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activities of the methanol stem bark extract of the plant in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Experimental: Mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 0.2 ml of parasitized erythrocytes and parasitemia level assessed after 72 h by the preparation of thin blood films stained with Geimsa stain. The mice were divided into five groups of six mice each. Groups I and V were administered with distilled water (10 ml/kg) and chloroquine (5 mg/kg) orally for four days. The extract at doses of 250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg were orally administered to groups II, III and IV, respectively, for the same period. Mice were sacrificed under light chloroform. Blood was collected by cardiac puncture and centrifuged at 2,500 rpm for 15 minutes to obtain the serum. The serum was then analyzed to determine the levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and lipid peroxidation product (malondialdehyde-MDA). Results: Oral median lethal dose of the methanol stem bark extract of Uapacatogoensis was estimated to be greater than 5,000 mg/kg. Administration of the extract to P. berghei infected mice produced a significant (p<0.05) increase in superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione and catalase levels in. However, a significant (p<0.05) decrease in lipid peroxidation activity in the parasitized mice was observed. Recommended applications/industries: The plant possesses antioxidant property which can be exploited in the management of oxidative stress caused by malaria.
Fudma Journal of Sciences, Jul 4, 2020
The liver and the kidneys are two very important organs in the body and they are responsible for ... more The liver and the kidneys are two very important organs in the body and they are responsible for the metabolism and excretion of drugs respectively amongst several other functions. Severe adverse effects on these organs can lead to organ dysfunction or failure and a consequential effect on wellbeing and can even be life-threatening. This study investigated the effects of hydromethanolic stem extract of Costus afer Ker Gawl. (Costaceae) on liver and kidney function indices and the histopathology of the organs in Wistar rats. Serum liver enzymes which include: alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein and albumin as well as serum urea, creatinine, sodium ions, potassium ions, chloride ions, bicarbonate ions were evaluated in biochemical studies. Sections of the liver and kidneys appropriately treated were examined microscopically for pathological lesions.There were decreased serum levels of ALT and ALP, but serum levels of AST increased at 500 and 1000 mg/kg doses. Serum levels of total protein (TP) and albumin concentration as well as urea and creatinine serum levels were not significantly (p>0.05) affected. However, histological examination of the liver and kidneys revealed slight to moderate hepatic necrosis and slight tubular necrosis respectively especially at 500 and 100 mg/kg doses of the extract. The results showed that the extract may be harmful to the liver and to a lesser extent the kidneys on prolonged administration and therefore it should be used with caution in such instances.
Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants, Feb 4, 2002
The methanolic extract of Ficus platyphylla Del.-Holl. stem bark was investigated for anti-inflam... more The methanolic extract of Ficus platyphylla Del.-Holl. stem bark was investigated for anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities. The anti-inflammatory activity was tested against egg albumin-induced edema, while the analgesic effects were studied using the acetic acid-induced writhing in mice and formalin test in mice. The results revealed that the aqueous extract of Ficus platyphylla possess significant, dose dependent anti-inflammatory effects. The
Advances in traditional medicine, Apr 27, 2022
The FASEB Journal, Apr 1, 2020
IntroductionNymphaea lotus is a medicinal plant used for management of insomnia, anxiety and othe... more IntroductionNymphaea lotus is a medicinal plant used for management of insomnia, anxiety and other related disorders. This research investigated the effect of the methanol rhizome extract of water lily on sleep onset and duration as well as the effect on CNS depression.MethodThe sedative activity of the extract was evaluated using diazepam‐induced sleep (DIS) and beam‐walk assay (BWA) while the CNS effect was investigated using open field test (OFT) and light/dark box (LDB) test in mice.In the DIS test, mice were divided into four (4) groups of six mice each. Mice in group I received normal saline (10ml/kg). Group II to IV mice received graded doses of the extract. All mice were administered diazepam 20 mg/kg after 30minutes treatment period. Mice were subsequently placed in cages individually and observed for onset and duration of sleep.In BWA, mice were trained to walk from a start platform along a ruler (80cm long, 3cm wide) elevated 30cm above the bench by metal support to a goal box and successful mice were used for the study. Mice were divided into five (5) groups of 6 mice each. Group I and V received Normal Saline (10ml/kg, i.p) and diazepam (2 mg/kg, i.p) respectively, whereas mice in group II – IV received graded doses of the extract. 30 minutes post‐treatment, each mouse was placed at one end of the beam and allowed to walk to the goal box. Mice that fell were returned to the position they fell from, with a maximum time of 60s allowed on the beam. The number of foot slips and time taken to reach the goal box was recorded.For OFT, a wooden box (7× 72 × 36 cm) with one of the side walls made of transparent Perspex glass and illuminated with a 60W bulb suspended 100 cm from above was used. Mice were randomly divided into five (5) groups of six mice each. Grouping and treatment are similar to those in BMA but with 0.5mg/kg dose of diazepam in group V. The mice were placed individually at the corner of the arena and the number of central squares and total number of squares crossed was observed for 5 min period.In the LDB maze, a box of size 46 × 27 × 30 cm consisting of two compartments (1/3rd black compartment and 2/3rd white compartment illuminated with 40W light source and connected through a small open doorway) was used. Drug treatment is similar to that in the OFT. After 30 minutes treatment period, each mouse was placed individually in the center of the light compartment and observed for 5 minutes for the crossings between and time spent in the two compartments.Male Swiss albino mice were employed for use in this research. Ethical approval for the use of lab animals was obtained from Ahmadu Bello University Committee on Animal Use and Care (ABUCAUC).ResultsIn the DIS test, the extract at 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased the mean duration of sleep but only significantly (p ≤ 0.05) hastened sleep onset at 200mg/kg (Fig. 1). In the BMA, the extract (50–200 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.001) increased the number of foot slips and the time taken to cross the beam (Fig. 2 and 3). In the OFT, the extract at 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased the number of squares crossed and the total number of central squares crossed (Table 1.0). In the LDB test, the extract at all doses significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased time spent in dark area (Table 2.0).ConclusionNymphaea lotus has sedative and CNS depressant activity and can be explored in the management of conditions where these are of benefit.Effect of Aqueous Methanol Rhizome Extract of Nymphaea lotus on Diazepam‐ Induced Sleep in Mice. *=P < 0.05; ***=P<0.01; N=6.Key: AMNL = Aqueous methanol rhizome extract of Nymphaea lotus; DZP = Diazepam; N/Saline = Normal SalineFigure 1Effect of Aqueous Methanol Rhizome Extract of Nymphaea Lotus on Motor Coordination in Mice using Beam Walking Assay.* P ≤ 0.05; **P<0.01; Vs N/saline; N=6. AMNL: Aqueous methanol rhizome extract of Nymphaea lotus; DZP = Diazepam; N/Saline: Normal SalineFigure 2Effect of Aqueous Methanol Rhizome Extract of Nymphaea Lotus on Motor Coordination in Mice using Beam Walking Assay. *** P<0.001 Vs N/Saline; N=6. Key: AMNL = Aqueous methanol rhizome extract of Nymphaea lotus; DZP = Diazepam; N/Saline = Normal salineFigure 3 Effect of Aqueous Methanol Rhizome Extract of Nymphaea lotus on Mice Behaviour in Open Field Test Treatment Dose (mg/kg) No. of Squares Crossed No. of Central Squares Crossed N/Saline 10ml/kg 89.20 ± 5.60 1.00 ± 0.32 AMNL 50 54.33 ± 5.28 1.33 ± 0.62 AMNL 100 65.17 ± 2.60 * 1.17 ± 0.65 AMNL 200 44.67 ± 2.47 ** 0.33 ± 0.21 * DZP 0.5 102.33 ± 5.74 # 2.33 ± 0.56 * Data for number of squares crossed and number of central square crossed are expressed mean ± S.E.M. Data are analysed using one‐way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett Post‐Hoc test with p value ≤ 0.05 considered to be statistically significant. *p value <0.05, **p value < 0.01, #p value < 0.001 Vs N/Saline; N = 6. Key: AMNL = Aqueous methanol rhizome extract…
European journal of medicinal plants, Jan 10, 2016
NIgerian Journal of Neuroscience
Tizanidine is a selective α2-adrenergic receptor agonist that stimulates the central nervous syst... more Tizanidine is a selective α2-adrenergic receptor agonist that stimulates the central nervous system through the adrenergic pathway. This study evaluated the antidepressant and anticonvulsant activity of tizanidine in mice. The various limitations of currently available anti-depressive and epileptic drugs and the bidirectional relationship between the two neurological disorders warrant improved pharmacotherapy interventions. 125 Balb/c mice were divided into 75 and 50 for antidepressant and anticonvulsant stud-ies, respectively. Forced swim (FST), tail suspension (TST), and open field (OFT) antidepressant models were used. In each model, twenty-five mice were divided into five groups (n=5); 1 mL/kg dis-tilled water group (negative control), 15 mg/kg imipramine (positive control in FST and TST), 0.05 mg/kg diazepam (positive control for OFT) group, and 1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, and 4 mg/kg tizanidine groups respectively. Anticonvulsant screening was conducted using pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) an...
OBM Integrative and Complementary Medicine, 2022
Preparations of Zingiber officinale are used in Nigerian folk medicine to manage colds, pain, art... more Preparations of Zingiber officinale are used in Nigerian folk medicine to manage colds, pain, arthritis, nausea, and epilepsy. The ameliorative effects of co-administering aqueous Zingiber officinale extract (GE) and sodium valproate (SDV) on pentylenetetrazole-kindled mice were evaluated regarding cognitive deficits, neuronal cell loss, and seizure severity. GFAP was also quantified. Male mice were pretreated with GE (50 mg/kg), SDV (100 and 200 mg/kg), and GE + SDV before kindling. After kindling, the mice underwent a learning performance test. The animals received a challenge dose of pentylenetetrazole one week after kindling. The brains were excised one day after the challenge test and were processed for GFAP immunohistochemistry and histopathology. GE alone did not affect PTZ-kindled seizures. However, treatment with GE and SDV significantly improved learning performance and protected against neuronal cell loss in pentylenetetrazole-kindled mice. The level of astrocyte activati...
Pharmaceutical biology, Jan 9, 2015
Carissa edulis Vahl (Apocynaceae) is used in Nigerian folk medicine to manage a plethora of disea... more Carissa edulis Vahl (Apocynaceae) is used in Nigerian folk medicine to manage a plethora of diseases including epilepsy, cancer, and inflammation; its efficacy is widely acclaimed among communities of northern Nigeria. This study establishes anticonvulsant activities of aqueous fraction of ethanol root bark extract of Carissa edulis (RAF) and sub-fractions (S1 and S2) in animal models. We evaluated the acute toxicity of the RAF, S1 and S2, and the anticonvulsant activity using pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), picrotoxin, strychnine, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), isoniazid (INH), and aminophylline-induced seizures in mice. Their effects on maximal electroshock (MES) and kindling-induced seizures were studied in chicks and in rats, respectively, and in the electrophysiological study. The doses used for RAF were 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg while S1 and S2 were 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg. Both RAF and sub-fractions were administered once during the experiment. The intraperitoneal LD50 of the RAF was ...
Bollettino chimico farmaceutico
The effect of the methanolic extract of Newbouldia laevis seem on the central nervous system of r... more The effect of the methanolic extract of Newbouldia laevis seem on the central nervous system of rats and mice was investigated. The extract was tested on spontaneous motor activity, exploratory behaviour, apomorphine induced climbing behaviour in mice and pentobarbital induced hypnosis in rats. The extract caused considerable reductions of exploratory activity, spontaneous motor activity and prolonged pentobarbitone-induced hypnosis in rats. It was also found to attenuate apomorphine climbing in mice. The results suggest that the methanolic extract of Newbouldia laevis may contain principles that have sedative properties.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Mar 1, 2003
The central nervous system (CNS) activity of the methanolic extract of Ficus platyphylla stem bar... more The central nervous system (CNS) activity of the methanolic extract of Ficus platyphylla stem bark was studied on locomotor activity, pentobarbital sleeping time, exploratory behaviour, amphetamine-induced hyperactivity, apomorphine-induced stereotypy, active-avoidance and performance on tread mills (rota-rod), using mice and rats. The results revealed that the extract significantly reduced the locomotor and exploratory activities in mice, prolonged pentobarbital sleeping time in rats, attenuated amphetamine-induced hyperactivity and apomorphine-induced stereotypy in mice, dose-dependently. The extract significantly suppressed the active-avoidance response in rats, with no significant effect on motor coordination as determined by the performance on rota-rod. The results suggest that the extract may possess sedative principles with potential neuroleptic properties.
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Oct 29, 2008
The psychopharmacological effects of a saponin-rich fraction (SFG) obtained from crude methanolic... more The psychopharmacological effects of a saponin-rich fraction (SFG) obtained from crude methanolic extract of Ficus platyphylla stem bark were studied on spontaneous motor activity (SMA), pentobarbitalinduced sleep, motor coordination, amphetamine-induced hyperactivity and stereotyped behaviour, catalepsy, forced swim and tail suspension tests in rodents. SFG reduced SMA dose dependently, suggesting that it may contain psychoactive principles with sedative effects. The fraction shortened the onset and prolonged the duration of pentobarbital-induced sleep, which confirmed its sedative properties. The fraction diminished immobility time in forced swim and tail suspension tests, which is indicative of antidepressant properties. It attenuated amphetamine-induced hyperactivity and stereotyped behaviour, induced catalepsy and exacerbated haloperidol-induced catalepsy in rodents, but had no effect on motor coordination in the treadmill experiment at the doses tested. These effects were similar to those of classical neuroleptics and antidepressants. Our study provides scientific evidence of psychopharmacological effects of the saponin fraction of Ficus platyphylla stem bark and therefore supports further development of its psychoactive components as antipsychotics and antidepressants.
Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, Jul 19, 2016
Uapacatogoensis of family Euphorbiaceae ailments including pneumonia, cough, fever, rheumatism, v... more Uapacatogoensis of family Euphorbiaceae ailments including pneumonia, cough, fever, rheumatism, vomitting and epilepsy fraction of the stem bark was extract was studied Lorke's method studied in chloroquine-sensitive in each group were used. Group 1 and 4 were administered with 250, 500, and 1000 mg respectively, while group 5 was administered with 5mg chloroquine/kg body weight. The doses were all administered orally. All doses of the extract produced significant, dose dependent, chemo suppressive activity against the parasite in the suppressive, curative and pro was comparable to the group treated with chloroquine. The extract also prolonged the mean survival time of treated mice compared to the untreated group. The oral median lethal dose (LD of the ethyl acetate fraction in mice study showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of the stem bark is safe and has antiplasmodial activity.
Journal of Current Biomedical Research
Epilepsy represents a major public health problem in low- and middle-income countries of Africa a... more Epilepsy represents a major public health problem in low- and middle-income countries of Africa and Latin America where over 75% of patients do not have access to treatment. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of Zingiber officinale have been reported previously to have anticonvulsant effect. This study was aimed at comparing the anticonvulsant effect of ethanol and ethylacetate extracts of Zingiber officinale rhizomes in mice and chicks. Fresh rhizomes of Zingiber officinale (ginger) were collected, size reduced, air-dried under shade and extracted with ethanol and ethylacetate using cold maceration. Anticonvulsant activity of the extracts was determined by maximal electroshock stimulation (MES) in chicks, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and strychnine induced seizure models in mice. The ethanol and ethylacetate extracts of the ginger at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg were administered intraperitoneally 30 minutes prior to the induction of seizures. Both ethanol and ethylacetate extracts of Zin...
Behavioural effects of Artemisinin (AR) were studied on spontaneous motor activity (SMA), explora... more Behavioural effects of Artemisinin (AR) were studied on spontaneous motor activity (SMA), exploratory behaviour (EB), apomorphine induced stereo- typed behaviour (ASB) in mice and bromocriptine induced hyperactivity (BIH) in short-term reserpinized(STR) mice. AR (50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly (p \u3c 0.05) reduced the SMA, EB and attenuated ASB mice. The STR Mice showed a decreased in locomotor activity (LA), which was activated by bromocriptine (5 mg/kg, i.p.). AR attenuated BIH in the STR mice. The results suggest that artemisinin possesses central inhibitory property, which may be mediated via postsynaptic dopamin E (D2)-receptor antagonism in the brain stem area