Abla Bokhari | King AbdulAziz University (KAU) Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (original) (raw)
Papers by Abla Bokhari
Contemporary Economics, Jun 1, 2020
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The global ... more This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The global economy has witnessed many economic fluctuations and waves of inflation and recession. With the consideration of achieving price stability as a primary goal of the economic policies, any attempt to eliminate inflation means accepting higher rates of unemployment, and vice versa. This conflict relationship was explained by the Economist "Phillips", who developed the inflation/unemployment curve. After the emergence of the stagflation phenomenon, this relationship became an object of argument and skepticism. Therefore, the key point of this study is to investigate the tradeoff relationship between inflation and unemployment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for the period 1988-2017. The co-integration and error correction approaches have been utilized, to determine the equilibrium relations in the long-run and short-run, and the causality direction between the two phenomena. Johansen test indicated that a long-run co-integration relationship was existed. Based on Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), results provide evidence in favor of the long-runs negative causation running from unemployment to inflation. Contrary to expectation, there was no significant evidence of short-run tradeoff between unemployment and inflation in the Saudi economy.
Societies, May 16, 2018
This study explored factors inspiring female university students in Saudi Arabia to choose entrep... more This study explored factors inspiring female university students in Saudi Arabia to choose entrepreneurship as their career choice. This explorative empirical study sought to explore this phenomenon in the context of a culture of socialization strongly attached to religion and steeped in tradition. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire survey administered to female university students. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used to identify influencing factors. The results mostly support previous study findings on perceptions about the drivers of females' aspirations in venture creation. Entrepreneurship and business-related courses and media roles are recognized as the most influential factors explaining reasons for the choice of occupation and career. However, this study found only mixed support for these variables. Interestingly, this study found that social learning theory was negatively and significantly related to the decision of female university students to start up a business as a career choice, opposite to previous findings. The findings will assist relevant authorities in facilitating an increase in female entrepreneurship to contribute to the national Vision 2030.
Advances in hospitality, tourism and the services industry (AHTSI) book series, 2018
Even though great oil wealth has freed Saudi Arabia from economic dependence on Hajj and Umrah re... more Even though great oil wealth has freed Saudi Arabia from economic dependence on Hajj and Umrah revenues, diversification of economic base and sources of income necessitates taking the economic impacts of these revenues into account. Therefore, this chapter aims to discuss the economic impact of religious tourism in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Tourism worldwide is a risky business. Nevertheless, religious motives of Muslim pilgrims have never been noticeably vulnerable to any circumstances. Furthermore, religious tourists are the highest spenders compared with other types of tourists in Saudi Arabia. Subsequently, annual pilgrimage to Saudi Arabia for Hajj and Umrah can play an increasingly vital role in economic growth and development. In its broadest generic sense, religious tourism plays a vital role as foreign exchange earner, a creator of job opportunities, and a tool for improving the balance of payments. Its contribution to the economic welfare, if well planned, can be more significant than any other economic force known.
International Journal of Economics and Management Studies, Dec 25, 2017
The concept of social responsibility is no longer confined to charitable and voluntary activity, ... more The concept of social responsibility is no longer confined to charitable and voluntary activity, but it is in fact a broader and more comprehensive concept that comprises solutions for societies economic, social and environmental problems. Moreover, sustainable development cannot be achieved in isolation from the close relationship between higher education and its institutions-namely universities-and society. Universities are considered an essential pillar of society, because they play a pivotal role in elevating awareness regarding social responsibility among its students, staff members and other employees, in a manner that makes them behave as societal personalities professing collective views and not opting to adopt individual thinking. Accordingly, this research paper aims to present a conceptual framework clarifying the role of social responsibility of universities in sustainable development. It addresses the concept of social responsibility and its various aspects; the close relationship between it and sustainable development and the role of universities in strengthening this relationship. At the end, the paper provides number of recommendations that guarantee the enhancement of the role of universities in the social responsibility that is anticipated to achieve and support sustainable development effort
Journal of Economic, Administrative and Legal Sciences, 2022
Abstract: This research aimed at investigate the impact of e- commerce on economic growth in the ... more Abstract: This research aimed at investigate the impact of e- commerce on economic growth in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, during the period 1995- 2020. For this purpose, a multiple linear regression analysis model was relied upon to express the relationship between economic growth and e- commerce related variables. The results showed high significance and a positive impact of the number of mobile phone subscriptions, the percentage of trade to GDP, and the number of shares traded via the Internet, on the GDP. Despite the statistical significance of the percentage of Internet users, ratio of mobile subscribers in the population, the number of transactions executed through the Internet, and ratio of communications and computers to service imports, their negative impact on economic growth in the Kingdom reflects the need to direct technology and its uses towards productive purposes. This indicates the importance of cooperation in spreading awareness and culture of purposeful use of information and communication technology in various business, daily commercial activities, and in e- commerce applications, as well as awareness of the importance of creating new investment opportunities based on innovation, which is the main driver of economic growth and an important tool for diversifying sources income.
Journal of Economic, Administrative and Legal Sciences, 2022
The growing public budget deficit considers as one of the most important challenges facing the Ki... more The growing public budget deficit considers as one of the most important challenges facing the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, as a result of the increase in public spending on the one hand, and the dependence of public revenues on oil on the other. This made diversification of non-oil revenues an urgent requirement to achieve financial balance and economic stability. Hence, this study aims to estimate the impact of domestic revenues on the public budget deficit in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the period from 1992 to 2020. The study follows the descriptive and analytical econometrics approach, to describe the different dimensions of the concerned subject through literature review, then estimating the impact of local revenues on the budget deficit in the Kingdom during the period 1992-2020, using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The results confirmed the existence of cointegration and a long-term equilibrium relationship, in accordance with the assumptions of the study. In particular, an increase in oil and non-oil revenues lead to an increase in the budget surplus (a decline in the budget deficit) by 0.73 and 0.67 unit, respectively. While an increase in total public expenditures by one-unit associates with a reduction in the budget surplus (an increase in the budget deficit) by approximately 0.77 unit. Thus, the study concluded that it is important to utilize oil revenues in high return social infrastructure, while continuing efforts to develop non-oil revenues through non-tax sources, and reconsidering the nature of taxes imposed, such as the adoption of progressive taxes and welfare taxes. It also requires reconsidering some aspects of financial compensation for expatriates and service fees to support the private sector, which is entrusted with bearing the responsibility of contributing to diversification efforts and promoting economic growth.
مجلة العلوم الإقتصادية و الإدارية و القانونية, 2019
This study examined the impact of a number of economic determinants such as economic growth, elec... more This study examined the impact of a number of economic determinants such as economic growth, electricity consumption, foreign direct investment, financial development, trade openness and their contribution to increase or decrease of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Saudi Arabia. To explore the long-run relationships between the variables, the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) methodology, is employed to analyze time series data for the period 1980-2017. Results indicates that there has is a long-term positive relationship between electricity consumption, economic growth, trade openness, and carbon dioxide emissions. A long-term negative relationship is existed between both foreign direct investment and the financial development, and carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, we see how important it is to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and switch to renewable energy in electricity production. This indicates the importance of Vision 2030 to reduce dependence on oil as a major source...
To examine the relationship between investment in human capital and economic growth in the Kingdo... more To examine the relationship between investment in human capital and economic growth in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for the period 1970-2014. Quantitative research design has been implemented. Granger Causality approach has been employed, followed by error correction model. The data stationarity and integration order have been tested, using the augmented Dickey-Fuller. Any long-run or short-run causality was not observed between expenditure on education and economic growth (per capita gross domestic product). 73.6% variation has been indicated by fixed capital formation of gross national product, which is considered as an effective aspect. The results indicated that results are statistically significant with P value (0.000) at 5% level of significance. Investment in human capital, with the right policy assessments and rehabilitation, can be translated into an essential element of growth in the Saudi economy.
ZENITH International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2013
The role of HRM in the area of sustainable environment development has been scantily researched. ... more The role of HRM in the area of sustainable environment development has been scantily researched. This research paper has explored the role of the HR in select companies in the context of sustainable environmental development. The extent to which these proactive, strategic tools are exercised is a matter of immense concern in today's business environment. Mere conformance to the compliance standards are not sufficient in the current perspective as there has been a growing consumer demand for greener products and services and environment-friendly operations and in order to fulfill these expectations there has to be a strategic focus and the implementation of sustainable approaches within a broader scope. The study was conducted within six large manufacturing organizations across Saudi Arabia and the analysis revealed that environment awareness and sustainability activities still required extensive focus and incorporation in the organization's strategic planning and implementat...
Societies, 2018
This study explored factors inspiring female university students in Saudi Arabia to choose entrep... more This study explored factors inspiring female university students in Saudi Arabia to choose entrepreneurship as their career choice. This explorative empirical study sought to explore this phenomenon in the context of a culture of socialization strongly attached to religion and steeped in tradition. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire survey administered to female university students. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used to identify influencing factors. The results mostly support previous study findings on perceptions about the drivers of females' aspirations in venture creation. Entrepreneurship and business-related courses and media roles are recognized as the most influential factors explaining reasons for the choice of occupation and career. However, this study found only mixed support for these variables. Interestingly, this study found that social learning theory was negatively and significantly related to the decision of female university students to start up a business as a career choice, opposite to previous findings. The findings will assist relevant authorities in facilitating an increase in female entrepreneurship to contribute to the national Vision 2030.
Worldwide, there is an agreement on the importance of entrepreneurship for economic and social de... more Worldwide, there is an agreement on the importance of entrepreneurship for economic and social development. All governments alert of entrepreneurship as economic power, and implement policies to promote it. Consequently, the relationship between entrepreneurship and unemployment come to be a questioning topic for researcher for quite some time. Therefore, extensive research has investigated this topic. Literature showed an important role of entrepreneurship in job creation and unemployment reduction. Higher rate of unemployment rate may motivate entrepreneurial needs, stimulating more start-ups and business ownerships. Then again, higher entrepreneurship may expedite self-employment in new businesses and reduce unemployment. With an unemployment rate of 30% between Saudi citizen youth, entrepreneurship should be evolved to act as an engine of self-employment. All of these facts highlight the importance of understanding the relationship and interaction between unemployment and entrep...
Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences, 2012
Contemporary Economics, 2020
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The global ... more This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The global economy has witnessed many economic fluctuations and waves of inflation and recession. With the consideration of achieving price stability as a primary goal of the economic policies, any attempt to eliminate inflation means accepting higher rates of unemployment, and vice versa. This conflict relationship was explained by the Economist "Phillips", who developed the inflation/unemployment curve. After the emergence of the stagflation phenomenon, this relationship became an object of argument and skepticism. Therefore, the key point of this study is to investigate the tradeoff relationship between inflation and unemployment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for the period 1988-2017. The co-integration and error correction approaches have been utilized, to determine the equilibrium relations in the long-run and short-run, and the causality direction between the two phenomena. Johansen test indicated that a long-run co-integration relationship was existed. Based on Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), results provide evidence in favor of the long-runs negative causation running from unemployment to inflation. Contrary to expectation, there was no significant evidence of short-run tradeoff between unemployment and inflation in the Saudi economy.
The main purpose of the study is to analyze the contribution of Saudi woman in economic developme... more The main purpose of the study is to analyze the contribution of Saudi woman in economic development of the country. This report develops an understanding of women contributions towards economic development. The method used to analyze the data was Pearson correlation. Through correlation we can determine the relationship between the variables. The study was a quantitative study. The data for five years was taken. Hypotheses development proceeded by focusing on labor work force participation, literacy rate of adult females and GDP rate within Saudi Arabia. Analysis was done on the results and the findings confirmed that there is a significant relationship between the variables. This study was of exploratory nature, it is recommended that this research be expanded to a statistically valid base within Saudi Arabia and then expand the study to additional countries. The findings showed that there was a high significant relationship between women labor work force participation and GDP. Whe...
International Journal of Economics and Management Studies, 2017
مجلة العلوم الإقتصادية و الإدارية و القانونية
This study aims to analyze the conspicuous consumption of luxury goods in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia... more This study aims to analyze the conspicuous consumption of luxury goods in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. To achieve this, the descriptive analytical and econometric approach was employed to describe the phenomenon, and review the theoretical and applied literature, to come out with the most important motivations of this type of consumption. In addition, a questionnaire was distributed to 712 individuals in Jeddah city. Through analyzing and estimating the consumption function to measure the effect of disposable personal income, alongside: gender, marital status, age, educational level, and employment status, on the consumption of luxury goods. The results indicated that the disposable personal income is a major determinant of luxury goods consumption. The marginal propensity to consume was estimated at 0.045, while the elasticity of income demand is 0.431, indicating that luxury goods are considered as necessary for Saudi consumer. The study concluded that economic rationalization require...
Research Anthology on Religious Impacts on Society
Even though great oil wealth has freed Saudi Arabia from economic dependence on Hajj and Umrah re... more Even though great oil wealth has freed Saudi Arabia from economic dependence on Hajj and Umrah revenues, diversification of economic base and sources of income necessitates taking the economic impacts of these revenues into account. Therefore, this chapter aims to discuss the economic impact of religious tourism in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Tourism worldwide is a risky business. Nevertheless, religious motives of Muslim pilgrims have never been noticeably vulnerable to any circumstances. Furthermore, religious tourists are the highest spenders compared with other types of tourists in Saudi Arabia. Subsequently, annual pilgrimage to Saudi Arabia for Hajj and Umrah can play an increasingly vital role in economic growth and development. In its broadest generic sense, religious tourism plays a vital role as foreign exchange earner, a creator of job opportunities, and a tool for improving the balance of payments. Its contribution to the economic welfare, if well planned, can be more s...
المجلة الدولية لنشر الدراسات العلمية, 2020
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل ظاهرة تأنيث الفقر في المملكة العربية السعودية بالتطبيق على النساء الفق... more تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل ظاهرة تأنيث الفقر في المملكة العربية السعودية بالتطبيق على النساء الفقيرات في مدينة جدة. تستند الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي والتحليلي المسحي في وصف وتحليل الظاهرة واستعراض الأدبيات ذات العلاقة، معتمدة على الاستبيان كأداة رئيسية لجمع البيانات. اظهرت النتائج التأثير الواضح للأسباب التنظيمية على تأنيث الفقر، تليها الأسباب الاقتصادية، فالأسباب الاجتماعية. كان عدم وجود دعم كافي لبدء مشروع خاص السبب الأبرز تنظيمياًـ وارتفاع تكاليف المعيشة الأبرز اقتصادياً، بينما مثلت العادات والتقاليد القائمة على التمييز بين الجنسين أبرز الأسباب اجتماعياً. أما عن آثار تأنيث الفقر، فاتضح أن تدني مستوى المعيشة وزيادة البطالة هما من أبرز الآثار الاقتصادية، وأن الضغوط النفسية والخلافات والنزاعات الأسرية تعد من الآثار الأبرز اجتماعياً. أكدت النتائج على وجود علاقة ارتباطية موجبة بين أسباب تأنيث الفقر وآقاره، وأن الأسباب الاقتصادية هي الأكثر تأثيراً على الآثار الاجتماعية والاقتصادية. وعليه أوصت الدراسة بضرورة إعادة النظر في شروط وإجراءات الضمان الاجتماعي، وحسن توجيه الجهات الممولة للمشاريع الناشئة، إضافة إلى ضرورة تمكين المرأة اقتصادياً مما يكفل تمكينها اجتماعياً.
المجلة العلمية للاقتصاد والتجارة, 2017
يشهد القطاع الصحي في المملكة العربية السعودية مثله مثل سائر قطاعات الدولة مرحلة جديدة من المنافسة... more يشهد القطاع الصحي في المملكة العربية السعودية مثله مثل سائر قطاعات الدولة مرحلة جديدة من المنافسة التي أوجدتها متغيرات ومستجدات العصر، والتي تتطلب تقديم خدمة صحية لائقة وشاملة لكافة حقوق المرضى، وذلك في إطار استراتيجية متكاملة على أرقى مستوى من الأداء والجودة الشاملة. تطورت الخدمات الصحية في المملكة من كافة الجوانب الوقائية والعلاجية وخلال فترة قياسية، مما انعكس على تقدم مؤشرات الحالة الصحية العامة للمواطنين. وعمدت الدولة إلى وضع السياسات الهادفة لتطوير القطاع الصحي وتوفير الرعاية الصحية بكفاءة، وتشغيل المستشفيات على أسس اقتصادية. غير أن الخدمات الصحية المقدمة من كافة المنظمات الصحية بقيت عاجزة عن ملاحقة الزيادة المطردة في الطلب عليها، والذي يتزايد الفترة تلو الأخرى كنتيجة منطقية لزيادة تعداد السكان وارتفاع الوعي بأهمية الرعاية الصحية، فضلا عن انتشار الأمراض والأوبئة والحوادث المرورية وغيرها. ومن هنا يهدف هذا البحث إلى تحليل ودراسة طبيعة الطلب على الخدمات الصحية والعوامل المؤثرة فيه، وذلك من خلال تقدير دالة الطلب على الخدمات الصحية في المملكة العربية السعودية خلال الفترة 1990-2014م، للتوصل إلى المحددات الرئيسية للطلب على الخدمات الصحية.
المجلة العلمية للاقتصاد والتجارة, 2018
في ظل التغيرات الاقتصادية والتكنولوجية المتسارعة والمعقدة التي صاحبت القرن الحادي والعشرون وما نت... more في ظل التغيرات الاقتصادية والتكنولوجية المتسارعة والمعقدة التي صاحبت القرن الحادي والعشرون وما نتج عنها من مخاطر وتهديدات بيئية، كانت هناك حاجة ملحة إلى استحداث أساليب جديدة للتنمية تستهدف الاستدامة البيئية، والتحول إلى ما يعرف بـ "الاقتصاد الأخضر. يتجه العالم اليوم للعمل على نشر وخلق ما يعرف ب "الوظائف الخضراء" كمساهمات ومساعي دولية تستهدف التحول للاقتصاد الأخضر، وما ينتج عنه من ملايين الوظائف التي تسهم في تقليص معدلات البطالة وتقليص معدلات الفقر بين عشرات الملايين من فقراء العالم، فضلا عن تحقیق الاستدامة البیئیة بما يتوافق وأھداف الألفیة. ومن هذا المنطلق، وإدراكا بأهمية التصدي للمشكلات البيئية، تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى التعريف بالوظائف الخضراء وتخضير الوظائف القائمة التي تضمن الإنتقال نحو اقتصاد أكثر اخضرارا في المملكة العربية السعودية. تعتمد الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي في استعراض الأدبيات النظرية من منطلق النموذج المقترح لمراحل التحول الأخضر، والاستفادة من التجارب الدولية الناجحة في كيفية خلق وظائف خضراء وتوفير مزيد من الفرص في سوق العمل السعودي. وتخلص الدراسة إلى أنه على الرغم من كون "الوظائف الخضراء" أصبحت أحد المحركات الرئيسية للنمو والتنمية المستدامة، والمسار الأمثل للتقليل من معدل البطالة، غير أن النمو المحتمل لتخضير الوظائف في المملكة لا يزال غير واضحا، خاصة مع عدم تفعيل الممارسات الفعالة في هذا المجال والآليات التي يتم من خلالها تحديد القطاعات القابلة للتخضير وتحديد الآثار المترتبة عليها. وتوصي الدراسة بأهمية التحول للاقتصاد الأخضر وتبني نموذج متطور للتنمية الاقتصادية، والتوجه الأخضر من خلال الاستراتيجيات التنموية والبرامج الداعمة، وتشجيع إشراك القطاع الخاص في التوجه الجديد. كما وتوصي الدراسة بضرورة وجود الدراسات المتعمقة في هذا المجال وتوفير ما يلزم من بيايانات وإحصائيات متكاملة. وأخيرا، فإن الوعي البيئي والسلوك المستدام لابد وأن يتم تعزيهما إضافة إلى ما يلزم من تغيير في المناهج التعليمية والتدريبية وفق متطلبات التحول الجديد والتشكيل المستقبلي للوظائف والمهن الخضراء.
Contemporary Economics, Jun 1, 2020
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The global ... more This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The global economy has witnessed many economic fluctuations and waves of inflation and recession. With the consideration of achieving price stability as a primary goal of the economic policies, any attempt to eliminate inflation means accepting higher rates of unemployment, and vice versa. This conflict relationship was explained by the Economist "Phillips", who developed the inflation/unemployment curve. After the emergence of the stagflation phenomenon, this relationship became an object of argument and skepticism. Therefore, the key point of this study is to investigate the tradeoff relationship between inflation and unemployment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for the period 1988-2017. The co-integration and error correction approaches have been utilized, to determine the equilibrium relations in the long-run and short-run, and the causality direction between the two phenomena. Johansen test indicated that a long-run co-integration relationship was existed. Based on Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), results provide evidence in favor of the long-runs negative causation running from unemployment to inflation. Contrary to expectation, there was no significant evidence of short-run tradeoff between unemployment and inflation in the Saudi economy.
Societies, May 16, 2018
This study explored factors inspiring female university students in Saudi Arabia to choose entrep... more This study explored factors inspiring female university students in Saudi Arabia to choose entrepreneurship as their career choice. This explorative empirical study sought to explore this phenomenon in the context of a culture of socialization strongly attached to religion and steeped in tradition. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire survey administered to female university students. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used to identify influencing factors. The results mostly support previous study findings on perceptions about the drivers of females' aspirations in venture creation. Entrepreneurship and business-related courses and media roles are recognized as the most influential factors explaining reasons for the choice of occupation and career. However, this study found only mixed support for these variables. Interestingly, this study found that social learning theory was negatively and significantly related to the decision of female university students to start up a business as a career choice, opposite to previous findings. The findings will assist relevant authorities in facilitating an increase in female entrepreneurship to contribute to the national Vision 2030.
Advances in hospitality, tourism and the services industry (AHTSI) book series, 2018
Even though great oil wealth has freed Saudi Arabia from economic dependence on Hajj and Umrah re... more Even though great oil wealth has freed Saudi Arabia from economic dependence on Hajj and Umrah revenues, diversification of economic base and sources of income necessitates taking the economic impacts of these revenues into account. Therefore, this chapter aims to discuss the economic impact of religious tourism in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Tourism worldwide is a risky business. Nevertheless, religious motives of Muslim pilgrims have never been noticeably vulnerable to any circumstances. Furthermore, religious tourists are the highest spenders compared with other types of tourists in Saudi Arabia. Subsequently, annual pilgrimage to Saudi Arabia for Hajj and Umrah can play an increasingly vital role in economic growth and development. In its broadest generic sense, religious tourism plays a vital role as foreign exchange earner, a creator of job opportunities, and a tool for improving the balance of payments. Its contribution to the economic welfare, if well planned, can be more significant than any other economic force known.
International Journal of Economics and Management Studies, Dec 25, 2017
The concept of social responsibility is no longer confined to charitable and voluntary activity, ... more The concept of social responsibility is no longer confined to charitable and voluntary activity, but it is in fact a broader and more comprehensive concept that comprises solutions for societies economic, social and environmental problems. Moreover, sustainable development cannot be achieved in isolation from the close relationship between higher education and its institutions-namely universities-and society. Universities are considered an essential pillar of society, because they play a pivotal role in elevating awareness regarding social responsibility among its students, staff members and other employees, in a manner that makes them behave as societal personalities professing collective views and not opting to adopt individual thinking. Accordingly, this research paper aims to present a conceptual framework clarifying the role of social responsibility of universities in sustainable development. It addresses the concept of social responsibility and its various aspects; the close relationship between it and sustainable development and the role of universities in strengthening this relationship. At the end, the paper provides number of recommendations that guarantee the enhancement of the role of universities in the social responsibility that is anticipated to achieve and support sustainable development effort
Journal of Economic, Administrative and Legal Sciences, 2022
Abstract: This research aimed at investigate the impact of e- commerce on economic growth in the ... more Abstract: This research aimed at investigate the impact of e- commerce on economic growth in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, during the period 1995- 2020. For this purpose, a multiple linear regression analysis model was relied upon to express the relationship between economic growth and e- commerce related variables. The results showed high significance and a positive impact of the number of mobile phone subscriptions, the percentage of trade to GDP, and the number of shares traded via the Internet, on the GDP. Despite the statistical significance of the percentage of Internet users, ratio of mobile subscribers in the population, the number of transactions executed through the Internet, and ratio of communications and computers to service imports, their negative impact on economic growth in the Kingdom reflects the need to direct technology and its uses towards productive purposes. This indicates the importance of cooperation in spreading awareness and culture of purposeful use of information and communication technology in various business, daily commercial activities, and in e- commerce applications, as well as awareness of the importance of creating new investment opportunities based on innovation, which is the main driver of economic growth and an important tool for diversifying sources income.
Journal of Economic, Administrative and Legal Sciences, 2022
The growing public budget deficit considers as one of the most important challenges facing the Ki... more The growing public budget deficit considers as one of the most important challenges facing the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, as a result of the increase in public spending on the one hand, and the dependence of public revenues on oil on the other. This made diversification of non-oil revenues an urgent requirement to achieve financial balance and economic stability. Hence, this study aims to estimate the impact of domestic revenues on the public budget deficit in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the period from 1992 to 2020. The study follows the descriptive and analytical econometrics approach, to describe the different dimensions of the concerned subject through literature review, then estimating the impact of local revenues on the budget deficit in the Kingdom during the period 1992-2020, using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The results confirmed the existence of cointegration and a long-term equilibrium relationship, in accordance with the assumptions of the study. In particular, an increase in oil and non-oil revenues lead to an increase in the budget surplus (a decline in the budget deficit) by 0.73 and 0.67 unit, respectively. While an increase in total public expenditures by one-unit associates with a reduction in the budget surplus (an increase in the budget deficit) by approximately 0.77 unit. Thus, the study concluded that it is important to utilize oil revenues in high return social infrastructure, while continuing efforts to develop non-oil revenues through non-tax sources, and reconsidering the nature of taxes imposed, such as the adoption of progressive taxes and welfare taxes. It also requires reconsidering some aspects of financial compensation for expatriates and service fees to support the private sector, which is entrusted with bearing the responsibility of contributing to diversification efforts and promoting economic growth.
مجلة العلوم الإقتصادية و الإدارية و القانونية, 2019
This study examined the impact of a number of economic determinants such as economic growth, elec... more This study examined the impact of a number of economic determinants such as economic growth, electricity consumption, foreign direct investment, financial development, trade openness and their contribution to increase or decrease of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Saudi Arabia. To explore the long-run relationships between the variables, the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) methodology, is employed to analyze time series data for the period 1980-2017. Results indicates that there has is a long-term positive relationship between electricity consumption, economic growth, trade openness, and carbon dioxide emissions. A long-term negative relationship is existed between both foreign direct investment and the financial development, and carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, we see how important it is to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and switch to renewable energy in electricity production. This indicates the importance of Vision 2030 to reduce dependence on oil as a major source...
To examine the relationship between investment in human capital and economic growth in the Kingdo... more To examine the relationship between investment in human capital and economic growth in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for the period 1970-2014. Quantitative research design has been implemented. Granger Causality approach has been employed, followed by error correction model. The data stationarity and integration order have been tested, using the augmented Dickey-Fuller. Any long-run or short-run causality was not observed between expenditure on education and economic growth (per capita gross domestic product). 73.6% variation has been indicated by fixed capital formation of gross national product, which is considered as an effective aspect. The results indicated that results are statistically significant with P value (0.000) at 5% level of significance. Investment in human capital, with the right policy assessments and rehabilitation, can be translated into an essential element of growth in the Saudi economy.
ZENITH International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2013
The role of HRM in the area of sustainable environment development has been scantily researched. ... more The role of HRM in the area of sustainable environment development has been scantily researched. This research paper has explored the role of the HR in select companies in the context of sustainable environmental development. The extent to which these proactive, strategic tools are exercised is a matter of immense concern in today's business environment. Mere conformance to the compliance standards are not sufficient in the current perspective as there has been a growing consumer demand for greener products and services and environment-friendly operations and in order to fulfill these expectations there has to be a strategic focus and the implementation of sustainable approaches within a broader scope. The study was conducted within six large manufacturing organizations across Saudi Arabia and the analysis revealed that environment awareness and sustainability activities still required extensive focus and incorporation in the organization's strategic planning and implementat...
Societies, 2018
This study explored factors inspiring female university students in Saudi Arabia to choose entrep... more This study explored factors inspiring female university students in Saudi Arabia to choose entrepreneurship as their career choice. This explorative empirical study sought to explore this phenomenon in the context of a culture of socialization strongly attached to religion and steeped in tradition. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire survey administered to female university students. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used to identify influencing factors. The results mostly support previous study findings on perceptions about the drivers of females' aspirations in venture creation. Entrepreneurship and business-related courses and media roles are recognized as the most influential factors explaining reasons for the choice of occupation and career. However, this study found only mixed support for these variables. Interestingly, this study found that social learning theory was negatively and significantly related to the decision of female university students to start up a business as a career choice, opposite to previous findings. The findings will assist relevant authorities in facilitating an increase in female entrepreneurship to contribute to the national Vision 2030.
Worldwide, there is an agreement on the importance of entrepreneurship for economic and social de... more Worldwide, there is an agreement on the importance of entrepreneurship for economic and social development. All governments alert of entrepreneurship as economic power, and implement policies to promote it. Consequently, the relationship between entrepreneurship and unemployment come to be a questioning topic for researcher for quite some time. Therefore, extensive research has investigated this topic. Literature showed an important role of entrepreneurship in job creation and unemployment reduction. Higher rate of unemployment rate may motivate entrepreneurial needs, stimulating more start-ups and business ownerships. Then again, higher entrepreneurship may expedite self-employment in new businesses and reduce unemployment. With an unemployment rate of 30% between Saudi citizen youth, entrepreneurship should be evolved to act as an engine of self-employment. All of these facts highlight the importance of understanding the relationship and interaction between unemployment and entrep...
Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences, 2012
Contemporary Economics, 2020
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The global ... more This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The global economy has witnessed many economic fluctuations and waves of inflation and recession. With the consideration of achieving price stability as a primary goal of the economic policies, any attempt to eliminate inflation means accepting higher rates of unemployment, and vice versa. This conflict relationship was explained by the Economist "Phillips", who developed the inflation/unemployment curve. After the emergence of the stagflation phenomenon, this relationship became an object of argument and skepticism. Therefore, the key point of this study is to investigate the tradeoff relationship between inflation and unemployment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for the period 1988-2017. The co-integration and error correction approaches have been utilized, to determine the equilibrium relations in the long-run and short-run, and the causality direction between the two phenomena. Johansen test indicated that a long-run co-integration relationship was existed. Based on Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), results provide evidence in favor of the long-runs negative causation running from unemployment to inflation. Contrary to expectation, there was no significant evidence of short-run tradeoff between unemployment and inflation in the Saudi economy.
The main purpose of the study is to analyze the contribution of Saudi woman in economic developme... more The main purpose of the study is to analyze the contribution of Saudi woman in economic development of the country. This report develops an understanding of women contributions towards economic development. The method used to analyze the data was Pearson correlation. Through correlation we can determine the relationship between the variables. The study was a quantitative study. The data for five years was taken. Hypotheses development proceeded by focusing on labor work force participation, literacy rate of adult females and GDP rate within Saudi Arabia. Analysis was done on the results and the findings confirmed that there is a significant relationship between the variables. This study was of exploratory nature, it is recommended that this research be expanded to a statistically valid base within Saudi Arabia and then expand the study to additional countries. The findings showed that there was a high significant relationship between women labor work force participation and GDP. Whe...
International Journal of Economics and Management Studies, 2017
مجلة العلوم الإقتصادية و الإدارية و القانونية
This study aims to analyze the conspicuous consumption of luxury goods in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia... more This study aims to analyze the conspicuous consumption of luxury goods in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. To achieve this, the descriptive analytical and econometric approach was employed to describe the phenomenon, and review the theoretical and applied literature, to come out with the most important motivations of this type of consumption. In addition, a questionnaire was distributed to 712 individuals in Jeddah city. Through analyzing and estimating the consumption function to measure the effect of disposable personal income, alongside: gender, marital status, age, educational level, and employment status, on the consumption of luxury goods. The results indicated that the disposable personal income is a major determinant of luxury goods consumption. The marginal propensity to consume was estimated at 0.045, while the elasticity of income demand is 0.431, indicating that luxury goods are considered as necessary for Saudi consumer. The study concluded that economic rationalization require...
Research Anthology on Religious Impacts on Society
Even though great oil wealth has freed Saudi Arabia from economic dependence on Hajj and Umrah re... more Even though great oil wealth has freed Saudi Arabia from economic dependence on Hajj and Umrah revenues, diversification of economic base and sources of income necessitates taking the economic impacts of these revenues into account. Therefore, this chapter aims to discuss the economic impact of religious tourism in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Tourism worldwide is a risky business. Nevertheless, religious motives of Muslim pilgrims have never been noticeably vulnerable to any circumstances. Furthermore, religious tourists are the highest spenders compared with other types of tourists in Saudi Arabia. Subsequently, annual pilgrimage to Saudi Arabia for Hajj and Umrah can play an increasingly vital role in economic growth and development. In its broadest generic sense, religious tourism plays a vital role as foreign exchange earner, a creator of job opportunities, and a tool for improving the balance of payments. Its contribution to the economic welfare, if well planned, can be more s...
المجلة الدولية لنشر الدراسات العلمية, 2020
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل ظاهرة تأنيث الفقر في المملكة العربية السعودية بالتطبيق على النساء الفق... more تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل ظاهرة تأنيث الفقر في المملكة العربية السعودية بالتطبيق على النساء الفقيرات في مدينة جدة. تستند الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي والتحليلي المسحي في وصف وتحليل الظاهرة واستعراض الأدبيات ذات العلاقة، معتمدة على الاستبيان كأداة رئيسية لجمع البيانات. اظهرت النتائج التأثير الواضح للأسباب التنظيمية على تأنيث الفقر، تليها الأسباب الاقتصادية، فالأسباب الاجتماعية. كان عدم وجود دعم كافي لبدء مشروع خاص السبب الأبرز تنظيمياًـ وارتفاع تكاليف المعيشة الأبرز اقتصادياً، بينما مثلت العادات والتقاليد القائمة على التمييز بين الجنسين أبرز الأسباب اجتماعياً. أما عن آثار تأنيث الفقر، فاتضح أن تدني مستوى المعيشة وزيادة البطالة هما من أبرز الآثار الاقتصادية، وأن الضغوط النفسية والخلافات والنزاعات الأسرية تعد من الآثار الأبرز اجتماعياً. أكدت النتائج على وجود علاقة ارتباطية موجبة بين أسباب تأنيث الفقر وآقاره، وأن الأسباب الاقتصادية هي الأكثر تأثيراً على الآثار الاجتماعية والاقتصادية. وعليه أوصت الدراسة بضرورة إعادة النظر في شروط وإجراءات الضمان الاجتماعي، وحسن توجيه الجهات الممولة للمشاريع الناشئة، إضافة إلى ضرورة تمكين المرأة اقتصادياً مما يكفل تمكينها اجتماعياً.
المجلة العلمية للاقتصاد والتجارة, 2017
يشهد القطاع الصحي في المملكة العربية السعودية مثله مثل سائر قطاعات الدولة مرحلة جديدة من المنافسة... more يشهد القطاع الصحي في المملكة العربية السعودية مثله مثل سائر قطاعات الدولة مرحلة جديدة من المنافسة التي أوجدتها متغيرات ومستجدات العصر، والتي تتطلب تقديم خدمة صحية لائقة وشاملة لكافة حقوق المرضى، وذلك في إطار استراتيجية متكاملة على أرقى مستوى من الأداء والجودة الشاملة. تطورت الخدمات الصحية في المملكة من كافة الجوانب الوقائية والعلاجية وخلال فترة قياسية، مما انعكس على تقدم مؤشرات الحالة الصحية العامة للمواطنين. وعمدت الدولة إلى وضع السياسات الهادفة لتطوير القطاع الصحي وتوفير الرعاية الصحية بكفاءة، وتشغيل المستشفيات على أسس اقتصادية. غير أن الخدمات الصحية المقدمة من كافة المنظمات الصحية بقيت عاجزة عن ملاحقة الزيادة المطردة في الطلب عليها، والذي يتزايد الفترة تلو الأخرى كنتيجة منطقية لزيادة تعداد السكان وارتفاع الوعي بأهمية الرعاية الصحية، فضلا عن انتشار الأمراض والأوبئة والحوادث المرورية وغيرها. ومن هنا يهدف هذا البحث إلى تحليل ودراسة طبيعة الطلب على الخدمات الصحية والعوامل المؤثرة فيه، وذلك من خلال تقدير دالة الطلب على الخدمات الصحية في المملكة العربية السعودية خلال الفترة 1990-2014م، للتوصل إلى المحددات الرئيسية للطلب على الخدمات الصحية.
المجلة العلمية للاقتصاد والتجارة, 2018
في ظل التغيرات الاقتصادية والتكنولوجية المتسارعة والمعقدة التي صاحبت القرن الحادي والعشرون وما نت... more في ظل التغيرات الاقتصادية والتكنولوجية المتسارعة والمعقدة التي صاحبت القرن الحادي والعشرون وما نتج عنها من مخاطر وتهديدات بيئية، كانت هناك حاجة ملحة إلى استحداث أساليب جديدة للتنمية تستهدف الاستدامة البيئية، والتحول إلى ما يعرف بـ "الاقتصاد الأخضر. يتجه العالم اليوم للعمل على نشر وخلق ما يعرف ب "الوظائف الخضراء" كمساهمات ومساعي دولية تستهدف التحول للاقتصاد الأخضر، وما ينتج عنه من ملايين الوظائف التي تسهم في تقليص معدلات البطالة وتقليص معدلات الفقر بين عشرات الملايين من فقراء العالم، فضلا عن تحقیق الاستدامة البیئیة بما يتوافق وأھداف الألفیة. ومن هذا المنطلق، وإدراكا بأهمية التصدي للمشكلات البيئية، تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى التعريف بالوظائف الخضراء وتخضير الوظائف القائمة التي تضمن الإنتقال نحو اقتصاد أكثر اخضرارا في المملكة العربية السعودية. تعتمد الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي في استعراض الأدبيات النظرية من منطلق النموذج المقترح لمراحل التحول الأخضر، والاستفادة من التجارب الدولية الناجحة في كيفية خلق وظائف خضراء وتوفير مزيد من الفرص في سوق العمل السعودي. وتخلص الدراسة إلى أنه على الرغم من كون "الوظائف الخضراء" أصبحت أحد المحركات الرئيسية للنمو والتنمية المستدامة، والمسار الأمثل للتقليل من معدل البطالة، غير أن النمو المحتمل لتخضير الوظائف في المملكة لا يزال غير واضحا، خاصة مع عدم تفعيل الممارسات الفعالة في هذا المجال والآليات التي يتم من خلالها تحديد القطاعات القابلة للتخضير وتحديد الآثار المترتبة عليها. وتوصي الدراسة بأهمية التحول للاقتصاد الأخضر وتبني نموذج متطور للتنمية الاقتصادية، والتوجه الأخضر من خلال الاستراتيجيات التنموية والبرامج الداعمة، وتشجيع إشراك القطاع الخاص في التوجه الجديد. كما وتوصي الدراسة بضرورة وجود الدراسات المتعمقة في هذا المجال وتوفير ما يلزم من بيايانات وإحصائيات متكاملة. وأخيرا، فإن الوعي البيئي والسلوك المستدام لابد وأن يتم تعزيهما إضافة إلى ما يلزم من تغيير في المناهج التعليمية والتدريبية وفق متطلبات التحول الجديد والتشكيل المستقبلي للوظائف والمهن الخضراء.