eman alissa | King AbdulAziz University (KAU) Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (original) (raw)
Papers by eman alissa
Journal of clinical & experimental orthopaedics, Dec 18, 2017
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of the joints that occurs commonly in f... more Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of the joints that occurs commonly in female older population with the knee being the most frequently affected site of all joints. Excess oxidative damage have been associated with the pathogenesis of OA. Therefore, we aimed to explore the associations between intake levels of dietary antioxidants micronutrients and radiographic severity of osteoarthritis in females with and without clinical knee OA. Method: One hundred female participants, aged above 40 years, with symptomatic primary knee OA were matched for age with 100 apparently healthy females in a case-control study. The study subjects were consecutively recruited from the Orthopaedics
Chemistry and Physics of Lipids, 2019
We aimed to investigate the relationship between changes in serum resistin levels with metaboli... more We aimed to investigate the relationship between changes in serum resistin levels with metabolic parameters, including obesity and inflammatory markers in women free of cardiovascular diseases Serum resistin levels were found to be increased in overweight and obese women. It is suggested that resistin may be related to low-grade inflammation among obese subjects in the absence of overt cardiovascular diseases.
Endocrine Abstracts, May 3, 2017
Background: Professional drivers are known to be at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Th... more Background: Professional drivers are known to be at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study was carried out to highlight these risk factors and their predictors among male long-distance professional bus drivers in Lagos, southwest Nigeria, with a view to improving health awareness in this group. Methods: Socio-demographic data, anthropometric indices, blood pressure, fasting plasma blood glucose levels and lipid and physical activity profiles of 293 drivers were measured. Results: Mean age of the study population was 48 ± 9.7 years; 71.0 and 19.5% of the drivers used alcohol and were smokers, respectively; and 50.9% were physically inactive. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 41.7 and 21.1%, respectively, while 39.7 and 13.9% were hypertensive and diabetic, respectively. Ninety (31.3%) subjects had impaired fasting glucose levels while 56.3% had dyslipidaemia. Predictors of hypertension were age and body mass index (BMI). BMI only was a predictor of abnormal glucose profile. Conclusion: Professional male long-distance bus drivers in this study showed a high prevalence of a cluster of risk factors for CVD.
Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2018
Objective: Increased serum gam m a-glutam yl transferase levels (GGT) have been shown to directly... more Objective: Increased serum gam m a-glutam yl transferase levels (GGT) have been shown to directly pro m o te oxidative stress. Previ ous studies have shown th e relationship betw een th e d ila ta tio n o f th e ascending aorta and oxidative stress. This study was designed to exam ine th e relationship betw een serum GGT concentrations w ith d ila ta tio n o f th e ascending aorta. Materials and Methods: N inety patients w ith ascending aortic dila ta tio n and 90 age-sex-m atched patients w ith o u t a o rtic d ilatation were included in th e study. The patients were evaluated by a co m plete transthoracic echocardiographic exam ination in clu d in g meas ure m e n t o f th e a o rtic dim ensions, w here a d iam eter o f 3.7 cm and above was accepted as ascending a o rtic d ila ta tio n. Serum GGT con centration was measured in all patients. Results: In th e g ro u p w ith a o rtic d ilatation, HT frequency, serum uric acid, hs-CRP and GGT levels, th e LV mass index, and th e le ft atrial vo lu m e index were fo u nd to be h igher than th e control group. The logistic regression analysis showed th a t o n ly HT frequency (OR:1.23,
Western lifestyle has rapidly been adopted and this has caused changes in dietary habits, types o... more Western lifestyle has rapidly been adopted and this has caused changes in dietary habits, types of food, cooking methods, etc. especially among the young Saudi population. We aimed to assess the overall diet quality of young adults. A total of 140 students were included from the medical and para-medical students of King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in a cross sectional study. A structured questionnaire was self-administered including socio-demographic characteristics, semi-quantitative pre-validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) from which dietary quality index international (DQI-I) was estimated. It was evident that poor dietary quality, as assessed by DQI-I, was common among the study cohort. FFQ data analysis clearly shows that the study participants were not adherent to the dietary guidelines. Score values of DQI-I and its components were indicative of inadequacy, imbalance, lack of moderation and diversity of nutrients and food items. Positive correlation was observed between DQI-I and some of its components with living arrangement and residency type as indicators of socioeconomic status. Appropriate indices should be developed for Saudi people, based on the recommendations specific for certain age groups like children, adolescents and young adults. Abbreviation
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause premature death. Considerable efforts have been mad... more Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause premature death. Considerable efforts have been made to identify CVD risk factors, including dietary micronutrients. However there are no data on the relationship between micronutrients and CVD in Saudi Arabia despite the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease in the Middle East. Dietary intake was assessed by questionnaire in Saudis with established CVD (n=130) and age-matched controls (n=130). Demographic factors, lipid profile, serum trace elements, inflammatory markers and markers of antioxidant status were measured in each subject. There was a high prevalence of coronary risk factors among cases and controls, however, type 2 diabetes mellitus (p<0. 0001), a positive smoking habit (p<0. 0001) and hypertension (p<0. 05) were more prevalent among CVD patients. They also had a higher intake of energy, total fat, cholesterol, selenium, zinc, copper and vitamin A (p<0. 05 for all). Serum selenium, urinary copper (p<0. 001) and urinary zinc (p<0. 05) concentrations were lower among CVD patients. Controls (n=303) were stratified by age, race, and socioeconomic (SE) class to investigate the association between nutritional factors and the risk and prevalence of coronary disease. Dietary energy and absolute carbohydrate intake fell with age and increased with SE class (p<0. 05). The youngest group had the highest dietary intake of energy, fat, cholesterol (p<0. 05), the highest % energy provided by SFA (p<0. 001), and the lowest % energy as PUFA (p<0. 05) compared to the other age groups. The intake of fiber also rose with age, and was significantly higher in the older group (p<0. 05). Higher % energy as fat, dietary PUFA and PUFA/SFA ratio among subjects of low SE class than those of middle SE class (p<0. 05). Mean cholesterol and SFA intake was higher among subjects of Arabian descent than those of Mediterranean background (p<0. 05). Subjects of Mediterranean background had higher PUFA/SFA ratio than Asians and those of Arabian descent (p<0. 05). Among the controls without CVD (n=140), stratified by age; serum caeruloplasmin was positively associated with age and Framingham Risk Score whilst soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) was negatively associated with HDL-C among diabetic subjects. New Zealand White rabbits were fed with copper, zinc, both, or neither, and allocated to a cholesterol or normal chow diet for 12 weeks (n=8 per group). The cholesterol-fed animals were matched for integrated serum cholesterol levels. Dietary supplementation with either zinc, copper, or both was associated with reduced atherosclerotic lesion formation (p<0. 05). Plasma concentrations of lipid peroxides were significantly higher in the cholesterol-fed rabbits compared with the chow fed animals (P<0. 001) and these were reduced significantly by dietary copper or zinc supplementation (p<0. 001)
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research
ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between plasma levels of the inflammatory markers tumor nec... more ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between plasma levels of the inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), C reactive protein (CRP), and interlukin‐6 (IL‐6) with insulin resistance in Saudi women with polycystic ovaries syndrome (PCOS).MethodsOne hundred eighty Saudi women with and without PCOS, aged 22–38 years, were randomly recruited in this age and body mass index matched case–control study. Clinical assessment, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical parameters were determined for all study participants.ResultsLevels of TNF‐α, IL‐6, hs‐CRP, insulin, and insulin resistance indices were significantly higher among PCOS group than their age and BMI matched controls (p < 0.05). Results showed that only QUICK‐I (β = −0.247, p < 0.0001, 95% CI: −3.009 to −0.977) independently predicted TNF‐α levels after adjustment for potential confounders.ConclusionsElevated plasma levels of TNF‐ α and IL‐6 among PCOS women reflects a state of chronic inflammation with p...
Archives de Pédiatrie, 2020
Please cite this article in press as: Alissa EM, et al. Relationship between pediatric adiposity ... more Please cite this article in press as: Alissa EM, et al. Relationship between pediatric adiposity and cardiovascular risk factors in Saudi children and adolescents. Archives de Pé diatrie (2020),
Nature Communications
Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are associated with cardiometabolic diseases and social inequiti... more Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are associated with cardiometabolic diseases and social inequities. For most nations, recent estimates and trends of intake are not available; nor variation by education or urbanicity. We investigated SSB intakes among adults between 1990 and 2018 in 185 countries, stratified subnationally by age, sex, education, and rural/urban residence, using data from the Global Dietary Database. In 2018, mean global SSB intake was 2.7 (8 oz = 248 grams) servings/week (95% UI 2.5-2.9) (range: 0.7 (0.5-1.1) in South Asia to 7.8 (7.1-8.6) in Latin America/Caribbean). Intakes were higher in male vs. female, younger vs. older, more vs. less educated, and urban vs. rural adults. Variations by education and urbanicity were largest in Sub-Saharan Africa. Between 1990 and 2018, SSB intakes increased by +0.37 (+0.29, +0.47), with the largest increase in Sub-Saharan Africa. These findings inform intervention, surveillance, and policy actions worldwide, highlighting the gro...
Nature Medicine
The global burden of diet-attributable type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not well established. This risk a... more The global burden of diet-attributable type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not well established. This risk assessment model estimated T2D incidence among adults attributable to direct and body weight-mediated effects of 11 dietary factors in 184 countries in 1990 and 2018. In 2018, suboptimal intake of these dietary factors was estimated to be attributable to 14.1 million (95% uncertainty interval (UI), 13.8–14.4 million) incident T2D cases, representing 70.3% (68.8–71.8%) of new cases globally. Largest T2D burdens were attributable to insufficient whole-grain intake (26.1% (25.0–27.1%)), excess refined rice and wheat intake (24.6% (22.3–27.2%)) and excess processed meat intake (20.3% (18.3–23.5%)). Across regions, highest proportional burdens were in central and eastern Europe and central Asia (85.6% (83.4–87.7%)) and Latin America and the Caribbean (81.8% (80.1–83.4%)); and lowest proportional burdens were in South Asia (55.4% (52.1–60.7%)). Proportions of diet-attributable T2D were generall...
Nature Food
Animal-source foods (ASF) provide nutrition for children and adolescents’ physical and cognitive ... more Animal-source foods (ASF) provide nutrition for children and adolescents’ physical and cognitive development. Here, we use data from the Global Dietary Database and Bayesian hierarchical models to quantify global, regional and national ASF intakes between 1990 and 2018 by age group across 185 countries, representing 93% of the world’s child population. Mean ASF intake was 1.9 servings per day, representing 16% of children consuming at least three daily servings. Intake was similar between boys and girls, but higher among urban children with educated parents. Consumption varied by age from 0.6 at <1 year to 2.5 servings per day at 15–19 years. Between 1990 and 2018, mean ASF intake increased by 0.5 servings per week, with increases in all regions except sub-Saharan Africa. In 2018, total ASF consumption was highest in Russia, Brazil, Mexico and Turkey, and lowest in Uganda, India, Kenya and Bangladesh. These findings can inform policy to address malnutrition through targeted ASF c...
Nature Food
In the version of this article originally published, the Global Dietary Database consortium was m... more In the version of this article originally published, the Global Dietary Database consortium was missing from the author list. The consortium is now listed as an author, with a list of members and their affiliations appearing online. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.
Nature Food
Evidence on what people eat globally is limited in scope and rigour, especially as it relates to ... more Evidence on what people eat globally is limited in scope and rigour, especially as it relates to children and adolescents. This impairs target setting and investment in evidence-based actions to support healthy sustainable diets. Here we quantified global, regional and national dietary patterns among children and adults, by age group, sex, education and urbanicity, across 185 countries between 1990 and 2018, on the basis of data from the Global Dietary Database project. Our primary measure was the Alternative Healthy Eating Index, a validated score of diet quality; Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension and Mediterranean Diet Score patterns were secondarily assessed. Dietary quality is generally modest worldwide. In 2018, the mean global Alternative Healthy Eating Index score was 40.3, ranging from 0 (least healthy) to 100 (most healthy), with regional means ranging from 30.3 in Latin America and the Caribbean to 45.7 in South Asia. Scores among children versus adults were generall...
The Lancet Planetary Health
Summary Background Diet is a major modifiable risk factor for human health and overall consumptio... more Summary Background Diet is a major modifiable risk factor for human health and overall consumption patterns affect planetary health. We aimed to quantify global, regional, and national consumption levels of animal-source foods (ASF) to inform intervention, surveillance, and policy priorities. Methods Individual-level dietary surveys across 185 countries conducted between 1990 and 2018 were identified, obtained, standardised, and assessed among children and adults, jointly stratified by age, sex, education level, and rural versus urban residence. We included 499 discrete surveys (91·2% nationally or subnationally representative) with data for ASF (unprocessed red meat, processed meat, eggs, seafood, milk, cheese, and yoghurt), comprising 3·8 million individuals from 134 countries representing 95·2% of the world population in 2018. We used Bayesian hierarchical models to account for differences in survey methods and representativeness, time trends, and input data and modelling uncertainty, with five-fold cross-validation. Findings In 2018, mean global intake per person of unprocessed red meat was 51 g/day (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 48–54; region-specific range 7–114 g/day); 17 countries (23·9% of the world's population) had mean intakes of at least one serving (100 g) per day. Global mean intake of processed meat was 17 g/day (95% UI 15–21 g/day; region-specific range 3–54 g/day); seafood, 28 g/day (27–30 g/day; 12–44 g/day); eggs, 21 g/day (18–24 g/day; 6–35 g/day); milk 88 g/day (84–93 g/day; 45–185 g/day); cheese, 8 g/day (8–10 g/day; 1–34 g/day); and yoghurt, 20 g/day (17–23 g/day; 7–84 g/day). Mean national intakes were at least one serving per day for processed meat (≥50 g/day) in countries representing 6·9% of the global population; for cheese (≥42 g/day) in 2·3%; for eggs (≥55 g/day) in 0·7%; for milk (≥245 g/day) in 0·3%; for seafood (≥100 g/day) in 0·8%; and for yoghurt (≥245 g/day) in less than 0·1%. Among the 25 most populous countries in 2018, total ASF intake was highest in Russia (5·8 servings per day), Germany (3·8 servings per day), and the UK (3·7 servings per day), and lowest in Tanzania (0·9 servings per day) and India (0·7 servings per day). Global and regional intakes of ASF were generally similar by sex. Compared with children, adults generally consumed more unprocessed red meat, seafood and cheese, and less milk; energy-adjusted intakes of other ASF were more similar. Globally, ASF intakes (servings per week) were higher among more-educated versus less-educated adults, with greatest global differences for milk (0·79), eggs (0·47), unprocessed red meat (0·42), cheese (0·28), seafood (0·28), yoghurt (0·22), and processed meat (0·21). This was also true for urban compared to rural areas, with largest global differences (servings per week) for unprocessed red meat (0·47), milk (0·38), and eggs (0·20). Between 1990 and 2018, global intakes (servings per week) increased for unprocessed red meat (1·20), eggs (1·18), milk (0·63), processed meat (0·50), seafood (0·44), and cheese (0·14). Interpretation Our estimates of ASF consumption identify populations with both lower and higher than optimal intakes. These estimates can inform the targeting of intervention, surveillance, and policy priorities relevant to both human and planetary health. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and American Heart Association.
Vitamin D (vitD) deficiency which is assessed by level of 25 hydroxyviatmin D (25(OH)D) in circul... more Vitamin D (vitD) deficiency which is assessed by level of 25 hydroxyviatmin D (25(OH)D) in circulating blood is highly prevalent in the Middle East (including Saudi Arabia) despite the abundance of sunlight. Older individuals in particular are at high risk of being vitD deficient. VitD binding protein (DBP), which is the main carrier of vitD and its metabolites, has been reported to affect vitD status by influencing the level of bioavailable vitD to the target tissues, as, when binding to vitD, it inactivates the ability of vitD to process part of its action on target issues [1-4] .
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 2018
benefits of individual diets. These scores, reflecting overall diet quality, can help researchers... more benefits of individual diets. These scores, reflecting overall diet quality, can help researchers to sort through the nutrient and food-specific findings and provide a measure of diet that incorporates nutrient and food interactions of likely biological importance. [4,5] Dietary indices represent a measure of ''healthy'' eating patterns and are known by various names including diet quality indices or healthy eating indices. [6] Dietary Guidelines aim to provide science-based dietary advice that promotes good health and reduces major chronic diseases. [4] The Healthy Eating Index (HEI), which quantifies the adherence to dietary guidelines, was associated with only a modest reduction in risk of major chronic disease. [7] Although such indices are based on the U.S. dietary guidelines, they
British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 2016
Journal of toxicology, 2011
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an increasing world health problem. Traditional risk factors fail... more Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an increasing world health problem. Traditional risk factors fail to account for all deaths from CVD. It is mainly the environmental, dietary and lifestyle behavioral factors that are the control keys in the progress of this disease. The potential association between chronic heavy metal exposure, like arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury, and CVD has been less well defined. The mechanism through which heavy metals act to increase cardiovascular risk factors may act still remains unknown, although impaired antioxidants metabolism and oxidative stress may play a role. However, the exact mechanism of CVD induced by heavy metals deserves further investigation either through animal experiments or through molecular and cellular studies. Furthermore, large-scale prospective studies with follow up on general populations using appropriate biomarkers and cardiovascular endpoints might be recommended to identify the factors that predispose to heavy metals toxicity in...
There is a global prevalence of Vitamin D (vitD) deficiency [1]. Individuals in sunny areas, who ... more There is a global prevalence of Vitamin D (vitD) deficiency [1]. Individuals in sunny areas, who have exposure to sunlight without sun protection, have a sufficient 25 hydroxyviatmin D (25(OH)D) level above 30 ng/ml , but this is not the case in sunny countries where people commonly cover their skin from the sun such as in Saudi Arabia [2,3]. VitD insufficiency which is assessed by circulating blood 25(OH)D concentration, has been suspected as a risk factor for T2DM. It has also been reported that an inverse relationship exists between vitD status and risk of T2DM and metabolic syndrome [4]. However, this relationship between vitD and T2DM differs between the ethnic groups. A large cross sectional study in the US revealed that the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and Homeostatic Model Assessment β-cell secretion (HOMA-%β) (i.e. parameters of insulin resistance and β-cell function dependent on fasting insulin and glucose concentrations) have demonstrated a lack of any association with 25(OH) serum level in non-Hispanic black individuals. Conversely, this study revealed a correlation between 25(OH)D levels and insulin resistance (determined by HOMA-IR) in non-Hispanic whites and Mexican Americans. This finding was interpreted as being due to a lower responsiveness to VitD and PTH in blacks in comparison to whites [5] .
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences
Journal of clinical & experimental orthopaedics, Dec 18, 2017
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of the joints that occurs commonly in f... more Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of the joints that occurs commonly in female older population with the knee being the most frequently affected site of all joints. Excess oxidative damage have been associated with the pathogenesis of OA. Therefore, we aimed to explore the associations between intake levels of dietary antioxidants micronutrients and radiographic severity of osteoarthritis in females with and without clinical knee OA. Method: One hundred female participants, aged above 40 years, with symptomatic primary knee OA were matched for age with 100 apparently healthy females in a case-control study. The study subjects were consecutively recruited from the Orthopaedics
Chemistry and Physics of Lipids, 2019
We aimed to investigate the relationship between changes in serum resistin levels with metaboli... more We aimed to investigate the relationship between changes in serum resistin levels with metabolic parameters, including obesity and inflammatory markers in women free of cardiovascular diseases Serum resistin levels were found to be increased in overweight and obese women. It is suggested that resistin may be related to low-grade inflammation among obese subjects in the absence of overt cardiovascular diseases.
Endocrine Abstracts, May 3, 2017
Background: Professional drivers are known to be at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Th... more Background: Professional drivers are known to be at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study was carried out to highlight these risk factors and their predictors among male long-distance professional bus drivers in Lagos, southwest Nigeria, with a view to improving health awareness in this group. Methods: Socio-demographic data, anthropometric indices, blood pressure, fasting plasma blood glucose levels and lipid and physical activity profiles of 293 drivers were measured. Results: Mean age of the study population was 48 ± 9.7 years; 71.0 and 19.5% of the drivers used alcohol and were smokers, respectively; and 50.9% were physically inactive. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 41.7 and 21.1%, respectively, while 39.7 and 13.9% were hypertensive and diabetic, respectively. Ninety (31.3%) subjects had impaired fasting glucose levels while 56.3% had dyslipidaemia. Predictors of hypertension were age and body mass index (BMI). BMI only was a predictor of abnormal glucose profile. Conclusion: Professional male long-distance bus drivers in this study showed a high prevalence of a cluster of risk factors for CVD.
Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2018
Objective: Increased serum gam m a-glutam yl transferase levels (GGT) have been shown to directly... more Objective: Increased serum gam m a-glutam yl transferase levels (GGT) have been shown to directly pro m o te oxidative stress. Previ ous studies have shown th e relationship betw een th e d ila ta tio n o f th e ascending aorta and oxidative stress. This study was designed to exam ine th e relationship betw een serum GGT concentrations w ith d ila ta tio n o f th e ascending aorta. Materials and Methods: N inety patients w ith ascending aortic dila ta tio n and 90 age-sex-m atched patients w ith o u t a o rtic d ilatation were included in th e study. The patients were evaluated by a co m plete transthoracic echocardiographic exam ination in clu d in g meas ure m e n t o f th e a o rtic dim ensions, w here a d iam eter o f 3.7 cm and above was accepted as ascending a o rtic d ila ta tio n. Serum GGT con centration was measured in all patients. Results: In th e g ro u p w ith a o rtic d ilatation, HT frequency, serum uric acid, hs-CRP and GGT levels, th e LV mass index, and th e le ft atrial vo lu m e index were fo u nd to be h igher than th e control group. The logistic regression analysis showed th a t o n ly HT frequency (OR:1.23,
Western lifestyle has rapidly been adopted and this has caused changes in dietary habits, types o... more Western lifestyle has rapidly been adopted and this has caused changes in dietary habits, types of food, cooking methods, etc. especially among the young Saudi population. We aimed to assess the overall diet quality of young adults. A total of 140 students were included from the medical and para-medical students of King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in a cross sectional study. A structured questionnaire was self-administered including socio-demographic characteristics, semi-quantitative pre-validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) from which dietary quality index international (DQI-I) was estimated. It was evident that poor dietary quality, as assessed by DQI-I, was common among the study cohort. FFQ data analysis clearly shows that the study participants were not adherent to the dietary guidelines. Score values of DQI-I and its components were indicative of inadequacy, imbalance, lack of moderation and diversity of nutrients and food items. Positive correlation was observed between DQI-I and some of its components with living arrangement and residency type as indicators of socioeconomic status. Appropriate indices should be developed for Saudi people, based on the recommendations specific for certain age groups like children, adolescents and young adults. Abbreviation
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause premature death. Considerable efforts have been mad... more Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause premature death. Considerable efforts have been made to identify CVD risk factors, including dietary micronutrients. However there are no data on the relationship between micronutrients and CVD in Saudi Arabia despite the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease in the Middle East. Dietary intake was assessed by questionnaire in Saudis with established CVD (n=130) and age-matched controls (n=130). Demographic factors, lipid profile, serum trace elements, inflammatory markers and markers of antioxidant status were measured in each subject. There was a high prevalence of coronary risk factors among cases and controls, however, type 2 diabetes mellitus (p<0. 0001), a positive smoking habit (p<0. 0001) and hypertension (p<0. 05) were more prevalent among CVD patients. They also had a higher intake of energy, total fat, cholesterol, selenium, zinc, copper and vitamin A (p<0. 05 for all). Serum selenium, urinary copper (p<0. 001) and urinary zinc (p<0. 05) concentrations were lower among CVD patients. Controls (n=303) were stratified by age, race, and socioeconomic (SE) class to investigate the association between nutritional factors and the risk and prevalence of coronary disease. Dietary energy and absolute carbohydrate intake fell with age and increased with SE class (p<0. 05). The youngest group had the highest dietary intake of energy, fat, cholesterol (p<0. 05), the highest % energy provided by SFA (p<0. 001), and the lowest % energy as PUFA (p<0. 05) compared to the other age groups. The intake of fiber also rose with age, and was significantly higher in the older group (p<0. 05). Higher % energy as fat, dietary PUFA and PUFA/SFA ratio among subjects of low SE class than those of middle SE class (p<0. 05). Mean cholesterol and SFA intake was higher among subjects of Arabian descent than those of Mediterranean background (p<0. 05). Subjects of Mediterranean background had higher PUFA/SFA ratio than Asians and those of Arabian descent (p<0. 05). Among the controls without CVD (n=140), stratified by age; serum caeruloplasmin was positively associated with age and Framingham Risk Score whilst soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) was negatively associated with HDL-C among diabetic subjects. New Zealand White rabbits were fed with copper, zinc, both, or neither, and allocated to a cholesterol or normal chow diet for 12 weeks (n=8 per group). The cholesterol-fed animals were matched for integrated serum cholesterol levels. Dietary supplementation with either zinc, copper, or both was associated with reduced atherosclerotic lesion formation (p<0. 05). Plasma concentrations of lipid peroxides were significantly higher in the cholesterol-fed rabbits compared with the chow fed animals (P<0. 001) and these were reduced significantly by dietary copper or zinc supplementation (p<0. 001)
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research
ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between plasma levels of the inflammatory markers tumor nec... more ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between plasma levels of the inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), C reactive protein (CRP), and interlukin‐6 (IL‐6) with insulin resistance in Saudi women with polycystic ovaries syndrome (PCOS).MethodsOne hundred eighty Saudi women with and without PCOS, aged 22–38 years, were randomly recruited in this age and body mass index matched case–control study. Clinical assessment, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical parameters were determined for all study participants.ResultsLevels of TNF‐α, IL‐6, hs‐CRP, insulin, and insulin resistance indices were significantly higher among PCOS group than their age and BMI matched controls (p < 0.05). Results showed that only QUICK‐I (β = −0.247, p < 0.0001, 95% CI: −3.009 to −0.977) independently predicted TNF‐α levels after adjustment for potential confounders.ConclusionsElevated plasma levels of TNF‐ α and IL‐6 among PCOS women reflects a state of chronic inflammation with p...
Archives de Pédiatrie, 2020
Please cite this article in press as: Alissa EM, et al. Relationship between pediatric adiposity ... more Please cite this article in press as: Alissa EM, et al. Relationship between pediatric adiposity and cardiovascular risk factors in Saudi children and adolescents. Archives de Pé diatrie (2020),
Nature Communications
Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are associated with cardiometabolic diseases and social inequiti... more Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are associated with cardiometabolic diseases and social inequities. For most nations, recent estimates and trends of intake are not available; nor variation by education or urbanicity. We investigated SSB intakes among adults between 1990 and 2018 in 185 countries, stratified subnationally by age, sex, education, and rural/urban residence, using data from the Global Dietary Database. In 2018, mean global SSB intake was 2.7 (8 oz = 248 grams) servings/week (95% UI 2.5-2.9) (range: 0.7 (0.5-1.1) in South Asia to 7.8 (7.1-8.6) in Latin America/Caribbean). Intakes were higher in male vs. female, younger vs. older, more vs. less educated, and urban vs. rural adults. Variations by education and urbanicity were largest in Sub-Saharan Africa. Between 1990 and 2018, SSB intakes increased by +0.37 (+0.29, +0.47), with the largest increase in Sub-Saharan Africa. These findings inform intervention, surveillance, and policy actions worldwide, highlighting the gro...
Nature Medicine
The global burden of diet-attributable type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not well established. This risk a... more The global burden of diet-attributable type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not well established. This risk assessment model estimated T2D incidence among adults attributable to direct and body weight-mediated effects of 11 dietary factors in 184 countries in 1990 and 2018. In 2018, suboptimal intake of these dietary factors was estimated to be attributable to 14.1 million (95% uncertainty interval (UI), 13.8–14.4 million) incident T2D cases, representing 70.3% (68.8–71.8%) of new cases globally. Largest T2D burdens were attributable to insufficient whole-grain intake (26.1% (25.0–27.1%)), excess refined rice and wheat intake (24.6% (22.3–27.2%)) and excess processed meat intake (20.3% (18.3–23.5%)). Across regions, highest proportional burdens were in central and eastern Europe and central Asia (85.6% (83.4–87.7%)) and Latin America and the Caribbean (81.8% (80.1–83.4%)); and lowest proportional burdens were in South Asia (55.4% (52.1–60.7%)). Proportions of diet-attributable T2D were generall...
Nature Food
Animal-source foods (ASF) provide nutrition for children and adolescents’ physical and cognitive ... more Animal-source foods (ASF) provide nutrition for children and adolescents’ physical and cognitive development. Here, we use data from the Global Dietary Database and Bayesian hierarchical models to quantify global, regional and national ASF intakes between 1990 and 2018 by age group across 185 countries, representing 93% of the world’s child population. Mean ASF intake was 1.9 servings per day, representing 16% of children consuming at least three daily servings. Intake was similar between boys and girls, but higher among urban children with educated parents. Consumption varied by age from 0.6 at <1 year to 2.5 servings per day at 15–19 years. Between 1990 and 2018, mean ASF intake increased by 0.5 servings per week, with increases in all regions except sub-Saharan Africa. In 2018, total ASF consumption was highest in Russia, Brazil, Mexico and Turkey, and lowest in Uganda, India, Kenya and Bangladesh. These findings can inform policy to address malnutrition through targeted ASF c...
Nature Food
In the version of this article originally published, the Global Dietary Database consortium was m... more In the version of this article originally published, the Global Dietary Database consortium was missing from the author list. The consortium is now listed as an author, with a list of members and their affiliations appearing online. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.
Nature Food
Evidence on what people eat globally is limited in scope and rigour, especially as it relates to ... more Evidence on what people eat globally is limited in scope and rigour, especially as it relates to children and adolescents. This impairs target setting and investment in evidence-based actions to support healthy sustainable diets. Here we quantified global, regional and national dietary patterns among children and adults, by age group, sex, education and urbanicity, across 185 countries between 1990 and 2018, on the basis of data from the Global Dietary Database project. Our primary measure was the Alternative Healthy Eating Index, a validated score of diet quality; Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension and Mediterranean Diet Score patterns were secondarily assessed. Dietary quality is generally modest worldwide. In 2018, the mean global Alternative Healthy Eating Index score was 40.3, ranging from 0 (least healthy) to 100 (most healthy), with regional means ranging from 30.3 in Latin America and the Caribbean to 45.7 in South Asia. Scores among children versus adults were generall...
The Lancet Planetary Health
Summary Background Diet is a major modifiable risk factor for human health and overall consumptio... more Summary Background Diet is a major modifiable risk factor for human health and overall consumption patterns affect planetary health. We aimed to quantify global, regional, and national consumption levels of animal-source foods (ASF) to inform intervention, surveillance, and policy priorities. Methods Individual-level dietary surveys across 185 countries conducted between 1990 and 2018 were identified, obtained, standardised, and assessed among children and adults, jointly stratified by age, sex, education level, and rural versus urban residence. We included 499 discrete surveys (91·2% nationally or subnationally representative) with data for ASF (unprocessed red meat, processed meat, eggs, seafood, milk, cheese, and yoghurt), comprising 3·8 million individuals from 134 countries representing 95·2% of the world population in 2018. We used Bayesian hierarchical models to account for differences in survey methods and representativeness, time trends, and input data and modelling uncertainty, with five-fold cross-validation. Findings In 2018, mean global intake per person of unprocessed red meat was 51 g/day (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 48–54; region-specific range 7–114 g/day); 17 countries (23·9% of the world's population) had mean intakes of at least one serving (100 g) per day. Global mean intake of processed meat was 17 g/day (95% UI 15–21 g/day; region-specific range 3–54 g/day); seafood, 28 g/day (27–30 g/day; 12–44 g/day); eggs, 21 g/day (18–24 g/day; 6–35 g/day); milk 88 g/day (84–93 g/day; 45–185 g/day); cheese, 8 g/day (8–10 g/day; 1–34 g/day); and yoghurt, 20 g/day (17–23 g/day; 7–84 g/day). Mean national intakes were at least one serving per day for processed meat (≥50 g/day) in countries representing 6·9% of the global population; for cheese (≥42 g/day) in 2·3%; for eggs (≥55 g/day) in 0·7%; for milk (≥245 g/day) in 0·3%; for seafood (≥100 g/day) in 0·8%; and for yoghurt (≥245 g/day) in less than 0·1%. Among the 25 most populous countries in 2018, total ASF intake was highest in Russia (5·8 servings per day), Germany (3·8 servings per day), and the UK (3·7 servings per day), and lowest in Tanzania (0·9 servings per day) and India (0·7 servings per day). Global and regional intakes of ASF were generally similar by sex. Compared with children, adults generally consumed more unprocessed red meat, seafood and cheese, and less milk; energy-adjusted intakes of other ASF were more similar. Globally, ASF intakes (servings per week) were higher among more-educated versus less-educated adults, with greatest global differences for milk (0·79), eggs (0·47), unprocessed red meat (0·42), cheese (0·28), seafood (0·28), yoghurt (0·22), and processed meat (0·21). This was also true for urban compared to rural areas, with largest global differences (servings per week) for unprocessed red meat (0·47), milk (0·38), and eggs (0·20). Between 1990 and 2018, global intakes (servings per week) increased for unprocessed red meat (1·20), eggs (1·18), milk (0·63), processed meat (0·50), seafood (0·44), and cheese (0·14). Interpretation Our estimates of ASF consumption identify populations with both lower and higher than optimal intakes. These estimates can inform the targeting of intervention, surveillance, and policy priorities relevant to both human and planetary health. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and American Heart Association.
Vitamin D (vitD) deficiency which is assessed by level of 25 hydroxyviatmin D (25(OH)D) in circul... more Vitamin D (vitD) deficiency which is assessed by level of 25 hydroxyviatmin D (25(OH)D) in circulating blood is highly prevalent in the Middle East (including Saudi Arabia) despite the abundance of sunlight. Older individuals in particular are at high risk of being vitD deficient. VitD binding protein (DBP), which is the main carrier of vitD and its metabolites, has been reported to affect vitD status by influencing the level of bioavailable vitD to the target tissues, as, when binding to vitD, it inactivates the ability of vitD to process part of its action on target issues [1-4] .
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 2018
benefits of individual diets. These scores, reflecting overall diet quality, can help researchers... more benefits of individual diets. These scores, reflecting overall diet quality, can help researchers to sort through the nutrient and food-specific findings and provide a measure of diet that incorporates nutrient and food interactions of likely biological importance. [4,5] Dietary indices represent a measure of ''healthy'' eating patterns and are known by various names including diet quality indices or healthy eating indices. [6] Dietary Guidelines aim to provide science-based dietary advice that promotes good health and reduces major chronic diseases. [4] The Healthy Eating Index (HEI), which quantifies the adherence to dietary guidelines, was associated with only a modest reduction in risk of major chronic disease. [7] Although such indices are based on the U.S. dietary guidelines, they
British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 2016
Journal of toxicology, 2011
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an increasing world health problem. Traditional risk factors fail... more Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an increasing world health problem. Traditional risk factors fail to account for all deaths from CVD. It is mainly the environmental, dietary and lifestyle behavioral factors that are the control keys in the progress of this disease. The potential association between chronic heavy metal exposure, like arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury, and CVD has been less well defined. The mechanism through which heavy metals act to increase cardiovascular risk factors may act still remains unknown, although impaired antioxidants metabolism and oxidative stress may play a role. However, the exact mechanism of CVD induced by heavy metals deserves further investigation either through animal experiments or through molecular and cellular studies. Furthermore, large-scale prospective studies with follow up on general populations using appropriate biomarkers and cardiovascular endpoints might be recommended to identify the factors that predispose to heavy metals toxicity in...
There is a global prevalence of Vitamin D (vitD) deficiency [1]. Individuals in sunny areas, who ... more There is a global prevalence of Vitamin D (vitD) deficiency [1]. Individuals in sunny areas, who have exposure to sunlight without sun protection, have a sufficient 25 hydroxyviatmin D (25(OH)D) level above 30 ng/ml , but this is not the case in sunny countries where people commonly cover their skin from the sun such as in Saudi Arabia [2,3]. VitD insufficiency which is assessed by circulating blood 25(OH)D concentration, has been suspected as a risk factor for T2DM. It has also been reported that an inverse relationship exists between vitD status and risk of T2DM and metabolic syndrome [4]. However, this relationship between vitD and T2DM differs between the ethnic groups. A large cross sectional study in the US revealed that the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and Homeostatic Model Assessment β-cell secretion (HOMA-%β) (i.e. parameters of insulin resistance and β-cell function dependent on fasting insulin and glucose concentrations) have demonstrated a lack of any association with 25(OH) serum level in non-Hispanic black individuals. Conversely, this study revealed a correlation between 25(OH)D levels and insulin resistance (determined by HOMA-IR) in non-Hispanic whites and Mexican Americans. This finding was interpreted as being due to a lower responsiveness to VitD and PTH in blacks in comparison to whites [5] .
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences