Zhassulan Smanov | Kazakh national university named after al-Farabi (original) (raw)

Papers by Zhassulan Smanov

To provide the population with food, it is very important to re-cultivate "abandoned lands&q... more To provide the population with food, it is very important to re-cultivate "abandoned lands" that have been retired from agricultural use. Conversion of arable land into agricultural abandoned lands in the south of Kazakhstan is, first of all, was primarily associated with salinity. For the purposes of sustainable development, there is a need to develop proposals for re-mastering by studying their current state, reviewing world studies on the reclamation of salt-affected soils. Therefore, this study was devoted to the study of the current environmental and reclamation conditions of the abandoned lands of Otyrar district in the south Kazakhstan, as well as discussion and recommendations on their development. In the course of the research, the historical method is used in the study of the emergence and formation of abandoned lands, the method of geographical analysis during the territorial analysis of the research object, the statistical and comparison methods in showing the ...

Sustainability, Dec 13, 2022

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Journal of Ecological Engineering, 2023

Soil salinization and their annual increase in volume is not only one of the main problems of ari... more Soil salinization and their annual increase in volume is not only one of the main problems of arid and subarid regions, but it is becoming global. Studying the problem of salinization and its spatial distribution using operational remote sensing methods is very important for Kazakhstan, where almost half of the agricultural land is exposed to salinization, but it is at the initial stage of development in the use of space technologies of research. The main goal of this study is to conduct a field study of soil salinity in corn fields, one of the most common crops in the arid region of the country, located in the Shaulder irrigated massif, using space-based methods, and to create algorithms for compiling a salinity map based on remote sensing data. For this purpose, firstly, using Sentinel-2 images, the method of separating corn from other dominant crops in the region by creating NDVI dynamics covering all phases of growth of agricultural crops was shown. Then, a regression analysis was performed on soil and vegetation indices calculated using satellite images and data on soil salinity obtained through field studies. As a result of the analysis, the main predictor of deciphering salinized soils was determined. By dividing the predictive image into quartiles, contours of salinized soils were determined and a soil salinity map was created. With the help of the soil salinity map, it was found that, non-saline soils-2912.2 ha; slightly saline soils-3288.4 ha, moderately saline soils-2615.2 ha, and strongly saline soils-1284.3 ha in the study area.

Bulletin of the Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University

Топырақ құнарлылығының маңызды көрсеткіштерінің бірі болып табылатын топырақтың электр өткізгішті... more Топырақ құнарлылығының маңызды көрсеткіштерінің бірі болып табылатын топырақтың электр өткізгіштігі (ЭӨ) кеңістікте және уақытта өте құбылмалы, әсіресе суармалы алқаптар топырағында. Бұл жұмыстың мақсаты Сырдария өзенінің бассейнінде топырақтың ЭӨ-н қолдана отырып, тұзданудың мезгілдік динамикасын зерттеу болды. Нәтижесінде ЭӨ-тің кеңістіктегі өзгергіштігі жоғары болғаны анықталды. Мәселені зерттеу үшін тәжірибе учаскелеріндегі топырақтардың тұздануына жылдың 3 мезгілінде бақылау жүргізіп, оның мезгілдік динамикасын анықтадық. Тұзданудың мезгілдік динамикасын бақылау барысында осы кеңістіктік таралған тұздардың жазғы сурару жұмыстарының әсерінен топырақтың 0-20 см және 20-50 см қабатындағы тұздар күзге қарай 50-100 см қабатына миграцияланатыны анықталды. Сондай-ақ, жалпы алғанда көктем мезгілінде тұздану қарқыны барлық қабаттарда басқа мезгілдермен салыстырғанда төмен болатыны анықталды. Далалық зерттеу жұмыстары кезінде алынған топырақтардың ЭӨ-гі туралы мәліметтер және топырақ үлг...

OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences

Agronomy

Soil salinization has become a worldwide issue affecting agricultural development. Statistical me... more Soil salinization has become a worldwide issue affecting agricultural development. Statistical methods and spatial analysis were used to analyze the degree and type of saline soils and their spatial distribution. The driving factors of soil salinity were explored using Geodetetcor models. In this study, 84 soil samples were collected from a 0–20 cm soil layer, and the total salt concentration and salt ion composition were measured. The results of statistical analysis and cluster analysis showed that SO42− and Ca2+ had the highest concentrations of salt ions in terms of anion and cation contents, respectively. The interpolation results indicated that the study area was dominated by mild saline soils, with sulfate-type saline soils and chloride-sulfate-type soils dominating. Results of the factor detector suggested that the distance to the irrigation system (0.425), and distance to the drainage system (0.42), explained salinity more strongly in the Shardara district, and elevation (0....

Journal of Ecological Engineering, 2021

The water regime is the main factor contributing to the formation of landscapes in the river delt... more The water regime is the main factor contributing to the formation of landscapes in the river deltas of arid zones, any fluctuations in which lead to a change in the integral hydromorphic landscape. After the construction of the Kapshagai reservoir, the anthropogenic load on the ecosystem of the Ili River delta increased, as a result of which degradation processes, such as drying out and salinization, intensified. In the short term, this phenomenon may lead to the desertification of about 1 million ha of land in the modern river delta. In this regard, the main goal of this study is to look at the processes of desertification in the modern delta of the Ili River, using remote sensing data, which allows for quick identification of the long-term dynamics of degradation processes. For this, the authors used satellite data from Landsat 1-5 MSSS and Landsat 8OLI satellites for 1979 and 2019 and soil analysis data obtained through the ground (field) surveys. Using regression analysis of space and soil data, predictors for interpreting space images were identified and maps of landscape drying and soil salinization were compiled, reflecting the changes that have occurred over the past 40 years. As a result, it was found that in 2019, compared to 1979, the area of landscapes covered with vegetation had decreased by 12% and there was a transformation of hydromorphic landscapes into salt marshes and solonetzes. Over the past 40 years, the volume of non-saline soils has decreased by 41.3% and the volume of saline soils has increased to varying degrees. That is, at present, on the territory of the modern delta, a difficult land improvement situation has developed associated with the cessation of spring and summer floods due to the intensive water use at the Chinese and Kazakh sides.

OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences, 2022

During the study on the Shaulder irrigated massif, the soil salinity maps with different degrees ... more During the study on the Shaulder irrigated massif, the soil salinity maps with different degrees of salinity were compiled at the large-scale 1:10000 in the GIS environment. It was found that the area of saline soils increases with depth. In the upper 0-20 cm layer, 29% is salted and in the 50-100 cm layer, up to 44% is salted. The theory of soil reclamation shows a close relationship between the level of concentration of salts accumulating in the soil and the state of the current crop. Determination of the effect of biopreparation was carried out in field studies. Pre-sowing treatment of maize seeds was carried out using a working solution of C-1-1 adaptogenpreparations in optimal technological modes developed by U.U. Uspanov Kazakh Research Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry. Maize sowing was carried out in May to a depth of 6-8 cm in a common way with row spacing of 70 cm at the rate of 18-20 kg of seeds per 1 ha. Maize plants were sprayed in the phase of 4-5 leaves and 6-7 leaves; when corn forms the first and second tier of nodal roots, plants were sprayed with a biological product "BioEkoGum" with an aqueous solution. The study's findings showed that depending on the degree of soil salinity, the maize yield for grain increased on non-saline soils to 40.0% compared to the control of 71.1 c/ha. In lightly and medium-saline soils-81.2-83.9 c/ha at the control treatment (62.5-63.5 C/ha), the addition to yield was 30.0-32.1%, respectively. In highly saline soils, the yield of maize grain was 11.4 %, with the yield under control-47.1 C/ha. Application of biological preparation in the conditions of Shaulder irrigated massif allows making an income from 162.6 to 884.2 $ per 1 ha.

Agronomy, 2022

The purpose of this paper was to study the spatial characteristics and possible influencing facto... more The purpose of this paper was to study the spatial characteristics and possible influencing factors of farmland soil texture and salt content in the Syr Darya River Basin. Data on the soil grain size and salt content were collected at 56 sampling sites in the southern part of the Shardara Reservoir and the left bank of the Syr Darya River irrigation area. With the methods of local spatial statistics (Getis-Ord Gi* and Moran’s I), the hotspots of soil salinity and grain size in the study area were revealed, and along with the use of correlation analysis, the possible factors affecting soil salt distribution were discussed. Among the 56 soil sampling sites, sandy loam, loamy loam, and chalky loam accounted for 20%, 50%, and 30%, respectively, and mildly, moderately, and severely saline soils accounted for 80.36%, 14.28%, and 5.36%, respectively. There was statistically significant spatial autocorrelation between sand, silt, and clay content in the soils, but the spatial autocorrelatio...

Periódico Tchê Química, 2020

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the fact that the large-scale irrigation of cotton f... more The relevance of the study is conditioned by the fact that the large-scale irrigation of cotton fields in arid and desert areas of the Turkestan region inevitably leads to the processes of soil salinization. Salinity is a global problem for humanity. Soil salinization is associated with drainage problems, improper use of water resources, growing demand for agricultural products, which leads to increased pressure on agricultural land. In this regard, this paper is directed at investigating the soil salinity of the irrigated light serozem in a cotton farm of Southern Kazakhstan (now Turkestan region) under the vertical drainage, which would provide the necessary background for the reconstruction of the collection-drainage system of the whole region, thus contributing to the increasing the net yield and the quality of the row cotton, as well as preventing soil deterioration. The leading method for studying the issues of the article was the dispersion method, according to which the sali...

Environmental Earth Sciences, 2020

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2019

In the Syr Darya River watershed, 225 samples from three different layers in 75 soil profiles wer... more In the Syr Darya River watershed, 225 samples from three different layers in 75 soil profiles were collected from irrigated areas in three different spatial regions (I: n = 29; II: n = 17; III: n = 29), and the spatial and vertical variation characteristics of potentially toxic elements (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, and Zn) and a metallic element (Mn) were studied. The human health risks and enrichment factors were also evaluated in the Syr Darya River watershed of the Aral Sea Basin in Kazakhstan. There were significant differences in the contents of heavy metals in the different soil layers in the different sampling regions. Based on element variation similarity revealed by hierarchical cluster analysis, the elemental groupings were consistent in the different layers only in region I. For regions II and III, the clustered elemental groups were the same between surface layer A and B, but differed from those in the deep layer C. In sampling region I, the heavy metals in surface soils were signif...