Brooke Rogers | King's College London (original) (raw)

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Papers by Brooke Rogers

Research paper thumbnail of Strategic Intelligence Management

Research paper thumbnail of Encouraging public reporting of suspicious behaviour on rail networks

Policing and Society, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of Mapping the public first-aid training landscape: uptake, knowledge, confidence and willingness to deliver first aid in disasters/emergencies- a scoping review

Disasters, 2019

While the public can play a vital role in saving lives during emergencies, intervention is only e... more While the public can play a vital role in saving lives during emergencies, intervention is only effective if people have the skills, confidence and willingness to help. This review employed a five-stage framework to systematically analyse first aid and emergency helping literature from 22 countries (predominately in Europe, Australasia or US). 54 articles were included in the review and investigated public first-aid knowledge and uptake of first-aid training (40), public confidence in first-aid skills or willingness to help during an emergency (21); and barriers/enablers to learning first aid and/or delivering first aid in an emergency (25). Findings identifying high levels of perceived knowledge/confidence and willingness to help supports the contention that the public can play a vital role during an emergency. However, findings identifying low uptake levels, low tested skill-specific knowledge, along with barriers to learning first aid and helping suggest a first-aid training landscape in need of improvement.

Research paper thumbnail of Press coverage of lone-actor terrorism in the UK and Denmark: shaping the reactions of the public, affected communities and copycat attackers

Critical Studies on Terrorism, 2018

Press coverage of lone-actor terrorism in the UK and Denmark: shaping the reactions of the public... more Press coverage of lone-actor terrorism in the UK and Denmark: shaping the reactions of the public, affected communities and copycat attackers. Critical Studies on Terrorism.

Research paper thumbnail of The insider threat: Behavioral indicators and factors influencing likelihood of intervention

International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, 2018

If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination... more If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination, volume/issue, and date of publication details. And where the final published version is provided on the Research Portal, if citing you are again advised to check the publisher's website for any subsequent corrections.

Research paper thumbnail of Challenges for Effective Counterterrorism Communication: Practitioner Insights and Policy Implications for Preventing Radicalization, Disrupting Attack Planning, and Mitigating Terrorist Attacks

Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 2017

If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination... more If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination, volume/issue, and date of publication details. And where the final published version is provided on the Research Portal, if citing you are again advised to check the publisher's website for any subsequent corrections.

Research paper thumbnail of The Psychology of Crisis Communication

The Handbook of International Crisis Communication Research, 2016

The Significance of International and Cross-Cultural Crisis Communication In recent decades, comm... more The Significance of International and Cross-Cultural Crisis Communication In recent decades, communication scholars have increasingly recognized that the study of communication processes can no longer be restricted to national contexts (Brüggemann & Wessler, 2014). This has been linked to the ongoing process of globalization that affects social, political, and economic activities across the planet. Castells (2010) argues: "Not everything or everyone is globalized, but the global networks that structure the planet affect everything and everyone. This is because all the core economic, communicative, and cultural activities are globalized" (p. 38). He further relates the increasingly networked and globalized society to a number of emerging issues that are global in their manifestation and treatment, including environmental threats (e.g., global warming), the globalization of human rights and social justice, as well as global security as it is linked to international arms trade, war, and terrorism. Between 2003 and 2012 an annual average of 106,654 people were killed and 216 million were affected by natural disasters worldwide, most from floods and storms (Guha-Sapir, Hoyois, & Below, 2014). In 2013, the US National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (2014) reported a total of 9,707 terrorist attacks worldwide, resulting in more than 17,800 deaths, more than 32,500 injuries, and more than 2,990 people kidnapped. Although the number of armed conflicts and wars as well as the number of battle fatalities has been decreasing since World War II,

Research paper thumbnail of Mapping the public first‐aid training landscape: a scoping review

Disasters, 2019

While the public can play a vital role in saving lives during emergencies, intervention is only e... more While the public can play a vital role in saving lives during emergencies, intervention is only effective if people have the skills, confidence, and willingness to help. This review employs a five-stage framework to systematically analyse first aid and emergency helping literature from 22 countries (predominately in Asia, Australia, Europe, and the United States). The review covers 54 articles that investigate public first-aid knowledge and uptake of first-aid training (40); public confidence in first-aid skills and willingness to help during an emergency (21); and barriers to or enablers of learning first aid and delivering first aid in an emergency (25). The findings identify high levels of perceived knowledge, confidence, and willingness to help, supporting the contention that the public can play a vital role during an emergency. However, the findings also point to low uptake levels, low tested skill-specific knowledge, and barriers to learning first aid and helping, indicating that the first-aid training landscape is in need of improvement.

Research paper thumbnail of “Run, Hide, Tell” or “Run, Hide, Fight”? The impact of diverse public guidance about marauding terrorist firearms attacks on behavioral intentions during a scenario-based experiment in the United Kingdom and Denmark

International journal of disaster risk reduction, 2021

Effective risk communication is an integral part of responding to terrorism, but public guidance ... more Effective risk communication is an integral part of responding to terrorism, but public guidance about marauding terrorist firearms attacks is inconsistent. Following terrorist attacks involving mass shootings in Paris, France in November 2015, the UK police released a ‘Stay Safe’ film and leaflet that advises the public to ‘Run, Hide, Tell’ in the event of a firearms or weapons attack. However, in 2018 the Norwegian security authorities released different guidance, advising the public to ‘Run’, ‘Hide’, and if no other choice ‘Fight’. While it is possible that following guidance to ‘fight’ may have saved lives during the 2019 Baerum mosque attack, this advice may also encourage risky behaviours. Conversely, current UK guidance has been shown to encourage protective behaviours but may also discourage people from taking action that could minimise the overall number of casualties. The purpose of the research presented here was to assess the degree to which the different guidance encour...

Research paper thumbnail of The Psychology of Violent Radicalisation: Obstacles and Enablers on the Pathway To and From Violence

Research paper thumbnail of The Psychology of Counter-Terrorism

Research paper thumbnail of Ngo-Business-Partnerships - a New Tool of Socio-Ecological Governance? Exploring and Comparing the Potential of British Non-Governmental Organisations to Partner with Businesses of the Energy Sector

This paper enquires why some non-governmental organisations (NGOs) make use of partnerships with ... more This paper enquires why some non-governmental organisations (NGOs) make use of partnerships with the corporate sector as a tool to achieve their environmental objectives whilst others do not. It argues that the potential of NGOs to enter partnerships depends on their specific characteristics such as their organisational resources and structures, as well as values, ideas and attitudes. This hypothesis is tested for the case of Britain's NGOs and their potential for engagement with the energy industry. Empirical data on the characteristics of NGOs and their attitudes towards partnerships and existing engagement with business has been collected through a questionnaire-based survey of NGOs working on environmental issues of the energy sector, as well as a series of semi-structured interviews with NGO representatives. Based on this data, three clusters of NGOs were identified ("weak radicals", strong pragmatics" and "strong radicals") with varying potentials to partner with energy businesses and diverse partnership patterns. These findings are relevant to critically review claims that NGO-business-partnerships offer effective solutions to environmental problems, may have the potential to substitute for governmental and other forms of business regulation, and may contribute to accomplishing a more sustainable society. The results show that only a limited number of NGOs are willing to and/or capable of engaging with (parts of) the energy industry. The resulting limited, selective and/or biased engagement of Britain's NGO community with businesses highlights limitations to the NGOs' ability to transform and regulate business practices through partnerships.

Research paper thumbnail of The psychology of violent radicalisation

The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Centre in New York City on September 11, 2001 (9/11) sig... more The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Centre in New York City on September 11, 2001 (9/11) signalled a step-change in the world of terrorist research, resulting in attempts to develop comprehensive, flexible psychological, sociological and political theories capable of explaining terrorist behaviour in a number of different cultures and settings. Despite this apparent 'step change', terrorism was still primarily understood by the Western world in terms of a threat originating outside Western borders (Danieli et al. 2005; Taylor and ...

Research paper thumbnail of Communicating with the public about CBRN terrorism

Research paper thumbnail of Re-opening live events and large venues after Covid-19 ‘lockdown’: Behavioural risks and their mitigations

Research paper thumbnail of Nuclear Accidents and Policy Responses in Europe: Comparing the Cases of France and Germany

Policy Shock

This [Fukushima] accident is raising a certain number of questions throughout the world concernin... more This [Fukushima] accident is raising a certain number of questions throughout the world concerning the safety of nuclear facilities and energy choices. France chose nuclear energy, which continues to be an essential component of her energy independence and the fight against greenhouse gases. This choice went hand in hand with an unwavering commitment to ensure a very high level of safety for our nuclear facilities. [...]. I remain convinced that we made the right choices". French President Nicolas Sarkozy 24/3/11 "In Fukushima, we have had to recognise that even in technologically highly developed countries such as Japan the risks of nuclear energy cannot be controlled safely". German

Research paper thumbnail of Communicating with the Public About Marauding Terrorist Firearms Attacks: Results from a Survey Experiment on Factors Influencing Intention to “ Run, Hide, Tell ” in the United Kingdom and Denmark

Research paper thumbnail of Behavioural and psychological responses of the public during a major power outage: A literature review

International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of Psychological and Physical Impacts of Extreme Events on Older Adults: Implications for Communications

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 2016

In recent years, a series of large-scale, high-profile natural disasters and terrorist attacks ha... more In recent years, a series of large-scale, high-profile natural disasters and terrorist attacks have demonstrated the need for thorough and effective disaster preparedness. While these extreme events affect communities and societies as a whole, they also carry specific risks for particular population groups. Crises such as Hurricane Katrina and the 2011 earthquake and tsunami disaster in Japan have illustrated the risk of significant and disproportionate morbidity and mortality among older adults during disasters. Age does not necessarily equate to vulnerability, but many physical and psychological consequences of the aging process can increase the risk of adverse outcomes. As the older population grows, so too does the need to ensure that adequate, practical, and appropriate measures exist to offset the specific risks from extreme events associated with this subpopulation. Effective risk and crisis communication plays a key role in mitigating the extent to which older adults are dif...

Research paper thumbnail of Participation Beyond the State: Why Some Environmental NGOs partner with business and others do not

Research paper thumbnail of Strategic Intelligence Management

Research paper thumbnail of Encouraging public reporting of suspicious behaviour on rail networks

Policing and Society, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of Mapping the public first-aid training landscape: uptake, knowledge, confidence and willingness to deliver first aid in disasters/emergencies- a scoping review

Disasters, 2019

While the public can play a vital role in saving lives during emergencies, intervention is only e... more While the public can play a vital role in saving lives during emergencies, intervention is only effective if people have the skills, confidence and willingness to help. This review employed a five-stage framework to systematically analyse first aid and emergency helping literature from 22 countries (predominately in Europe, Australasia or US). 54 articles were included in the review and investigated public first-aid knowledge and uptake of first-aid training (40), public confidence in first-aid skills or willingness to help during an emergency (21); and barriers/enablers to learning first aid and/or delivering first aid in an emergency (25). Findings identifying high levels of perceived knowledge/confidence and willingness to help supports the contention that the public can play a vital role during an emergency. However, findings identifying low uptake levels, low tested skill-specific knowledge, along with barriers to learning first aid and helping suggest a first-aid training landscape in need of improvement.

Research paper thumbnail of Press coverage of lone-actor terrorism in the UK and Denmark: shaping the reactions of the public, affected communities and copycat attackers

Critical Studies on Terrorism, 2018

Press coverage of lone-actor terrorism in the UK and Denmark: shaping the reactions of the public... more Press coverage of lone-actor terrorism in the UK and Denmark: shaping the reactions of the public, affected communities and copycat attackers. Critical Studies on Terrorism.

Research paper thumbnail of The insider threat: Behavioral indicators and factors influencing likelihood of intervention

International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, 2018

If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination... more If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination, volume/issue, and date of publication details. And where the final published version is provided on the Research Portal, if citing you are again advised to check the publisher's website for any subsequent corrections.

Research paper thumbnail of Challenges for Effective Counterterrorism Communication: Practitioner Insights and Policy Implications for Preventing Radicalization, Disrupting Attack Planning, and Mitigating Terrorist Attacks

Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 2017

If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination... more If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination, volume/issue, and date of publication details. And where the final published version is provided on the Research Portal, if citing you are again advised to check the publisher's website for any subsequent corrections.

Research paper thumbnail of The Psychology of Crisis Communication

The Handbook of International Crisis Communication Research, 2016

The Significance of International and Cross-Cultural Crisis Communication In recent decades, comm... more The Significance of International and Cross-Cultural Crisis Communication In recent decades, communication scholars have increasingly recognized that the study of communication processes can no longer be restricted to national contexts (Brüggemann & Wessler, 2014). This has been linked to the ongoing process of globalization that affects social, political, and economic activities across the planet. Castells (2010) argues: "Not everything or everyone is globalized, but the global networks that structure the planet affect everything and everyone. This is because all the core economic, communicative, and cultural activities are globalized" (p. 38). He further relates the increasingly networked and globalized society to a number of emerging issues that are global in their manifestation and treatment, including environmental threats (e.g., global warming), the globalization of human rights and social justice, as well as global security as it is linked to international arms trade, war, and terrorism. Between 2003 and 2012 an annual average of 106,654 people were killed and 216 million were affected by natural disasters worldwide, most from floods and storms (Guha-Sapir, Hoyois, & Below, 2014). In 2013, the US National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (2014) reported a total of 9,707 terrorist attacks worldwide, resulting in more than 17,800 deaths, more than 32,500 injuries, and more than 2,990 people kidnapped. Although the number of armed conflicts and wars as well as the number of battle fatalities has been decreasing since World War II,

Research paper thumbnail of Mapping the public first‐aid training landscape: a scoping review

Disasters, 2019

While the public can play a vital role in saving lives during emergencies, intervention is only e... more While the public can play a vital role in saving lives during emergencies, intervention is only effective if people have the skills, confidence, and willingness to help. This review employs a five-stage framework to systematically analyse first aid and emergency helping literature from 22 countries (predominately in Asia, Australia, Europe, and the United States). The review covers 54 articles that investigate public first-aid knowledge and uptake of first-aid training (40); public confidence in first-aid skills and willingness to help during an emergency (21); and barriers to or enablers of learning first aid and delivering first aid in an emergency (25). The findings identify high levels of perceived knowledge, confidence, and willingness to help, supporting the contention that the public can play a vital role during an emergency. However, the findings also point to low uptake levels, low tested skill-specific knowledge, and barriers to learning first aid and helping, indicating that the first-aid training landscape is in need of improvement.

Research paper thumbnail of “Run, Hide, Tell” or “Run, Hide, Fight”? The impact of diverse public guidance about marauding terrorist firearms attacks on behavioral intentions during a scenario-based experiment in the United Kingdom and Denmark

International journal of disaster risk reduction, 2021

Effective risk communication is an integral part of responding to terrorism, but public guidance ... more Effective risk communication is an integral part of responding to terrorism, but public guidance about marauding terrorist firearms attacks is inconsistent. Following terrorist attacks involving mass shootings in Paris, France in November 2015, the UK police released a ‘Stay Safe’ film and leaflet that advises the public to ‘Run, Hide, Tell’ in the event of a firearms or weapons attack. However, in 2018 the Norwegian security authorities released different guidance, advising the public to ‘Run’, ‘Hide’, and if no other choice ‘Fight’. While it is possible that following guidance to ‘fight’ may have saved lives during the 2019 Baerum mosque attack, this advice may also encourage risky behaviours. Conversely, current UK guidance has been shown to encourage protective behaviours but may also discourage people from taking action that could minimise the overall number of casualties. The purpose of the research presented here was to assess the degree to which the different guidance encour...

Research paper thumbnail of The Psychology of Violent Radicalisation: Obstacles and Enablers on the Pathway To and From Violence

Research paper thumbnail of The Psychology of Counter-Terrorism

Research paper thumbnail of Ngo-Business-Partnerships - a New Tool of Socio-Ecological Governance? Exploring and Comparing the Potential of British Non-Governmental Organisations to Partner with Businesses of the Energy Sector

This paper enquires why some non-governmental organisations (NGOs) make use of partnerships with ... more This paper enquires why some non-governmental organisations (NGOs) make use of partnerships with the corporate sector as a tool to achieve their environmental objectives whilst others do not. It argues that the potential of NGOs to enter partnerships depends on their specific characteristics such as their organisational resources and structures, as well as values, ideas and attitudes. This hypothesis is tested for the case of Britain's NGOs and their potential for engagement with the energy industry. Empirical data on the characteristics of NGOs and their attitudes towards partnerships and existing engagement with business has been collected through a questionnaire-based survey of NGOs working on environmental issues of the energy sector, as well as a series of semi-structured interviews with NGO representatives. Based on this data, three clusters of NGOs were identified ("weak radicals", strong pragmatics" and "strong radicals") with varying potentials to partner with energy businesses and diverse partnership patterns. These findings are relevant to critically review claims that NGO-business-partnerships offer effective solutions to environmental problems, may have the potential to substitute for governmental and other forms of business regulation, and may contribute to accomplishing a more sustainable society. The results show that only a limited number of NGOs are willing to and/or capable of engaging with (parts of) the energy industry. The resulting limited, selective and/or biased engagement of Britain's NGO community with businesses highlights limitations to the NGOs' ability to transform and regulate business practices through partnerships.

Research paper thumbnail of The psychology of violent radicalisation

The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Centre in New York City on September 11, 2001 (9/11) sig... more The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Centre in New York City on September 11, 2001 (9/11) signalled a step-change in the world of terrorist research, resulting in attempts to develop comprehensive, flexible psychological, sociological and political theories capable of explaining terrorist behaviour in a number of different cultures and settings. Despite this apparent 'step change', terrorism was still primarily understood by the Western world in terms of a threat originating outside Western borders (Danieli et al. 2005; Taylor and ...

Research paper thumbnail of Communicating with the public about CBRN terrorism

Research paper thumbnail of Re-opening live events and large venues after Covid-19 ‘lockdown’: Behavioural risks and their mitigations

Research paper thumbnail of Nuclear Accidents and Policy Responses in Europe: Comparing the Cases of France and Germany

Policy Shock

This [Fukushima] accident is raising a certain number of questions throughout the world concernin... more This [Fukushima] accident is raising a certain number of questions throughout the world concerning the safety of nuclear facilities and energy choices. France chose nuclear energy, which continues to be an essential component of her energy independence and the fight against greenhouse gases. This choice went hand in hand with an unwavering commitment to ensure a very high level of safety for our nuclear facilities. [...]. I remain convinced that we made the right choices". French President Nicolas Sarkozy 24/3/11 "In Fukushima, we have had to recognise that even in technologically highly developed countries such as Japan the risks of nuclear energy cannot be controlled safely". German

Research paper thumbnail of Communicating with the Public About Marauding Terrorist Firearms Attacks: Results from a Survey Experiment on Factors Influencing Intention to “ Run, Hide, Tell ” in the United Kingdom and Denmark

Research paper thumbnail of Behavioural and psychological responses of the public during a major power outage: A literature review

International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of Psychological and Physical Impacts of Extreme Events on Older Adults: Implications for Communications

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 2016

In recent years, a series of large-scale, high-profile natural disasters and terrorist attacks ha... more In recent years, a series of large-scale, high-profile natural disasters and terrorist attacks have demonstrated the need for thorough and effective disaster preparedness. While these extreme events affect communities and societies as a whole, they also carry specific risks for particular population groups. Crises such as Hurricane Katrina and the 2011 earthquake and tsunami disaster in Japan have illustrated the risk of significant and disproportionate morbidity and mortality among older adults during disasters. Age does not necessarily equate to vulnerability, but many physical and psychological consequences of the aging process can increase the risk of adverse outcomes. As the older population grows, so too does the need to ensure that adequate, practical, and appropriate measures exist to offset the specific risks from extreme events associated with this subpopulation. Effective risk and crisis communication plays a key role in mitigating the extent to which older adults are dif...

Research paper thumbnail of Participation Beyond the State: Why Some Environmental NGOs partner with business and others do not

Research paper thumbnail of Risk Communication, Risk Perception and Behaviour as Foundations of Effective National Security Practices

Strategic Intelligence Management (Eds.: Akhgar, B. & Yates, S.)

This chapter will argue that risk communication, risk perception, and behavior must be recognized... more This chapter will argue that risk communication, risk perception, and behavior must be recognized as foundations of effective national security, and that policies and practices that do not incorporate the concepts underpinning effective risk communication are bound to fail. In doing so, this chapter will provide a detailed explanation of the primary drivers and, thus,
the primary targets, of all risk communication: risk perception and behavior. It will explain how risk perceptions influence the psychological and behavioral responses that play a key role in determining health, social, and economic impacts of extreme events. It will then unpack the relationship between risk communication, risk perception, and behavior. This will entail an
exploration of the underlying issues informing expert and public variations in perceived risk, the identification of likely behavioral reactions to extreme events, and an illustration of the ways in
which effective risk communication can mitigate negative impacts by reducing unnecessary care-seeking and increasing compliance with official guidance. Finally, this chapter will suggest steps that can be taken to better enable practitioners
and policy makers to develop risk communication messages and emergency response programs capable of informing public perceptions of risk and positive health behaviors.

Research paper thumbnail of Promoting Public Resilience Against CBRN Terrorism

Strategic Intelligence Management (Eds.: Akhgar, B. & Yates, S.), Mar 2013

In this chapter, we examine how public resilience against terrorist attacks using CBRN agents can... more In this chapter, we examine how public resilience against terrorist attacks using CBRN agents can be promoted. The case of CBRN is particularly interesting for the study of public resilience because the uncertain and dreaded nature of the hazard and its consequences suggests the potential for a particularly strong impact on the mental and physical health of individuals, as well as
on their behavior. We argue that in order to mitigate the adverse impacts on health and ensure behavior that facilitates response and recovery to emergencies, policy makers, law enforcement, and emergency management authorities need to devise effective crisis and risk communication strategies. The communication strategies need to take into account a set of four factors that require the integration of insights from social psychology and other social sciences, as well as a thorough engagement with members of the public. These factors include the following:
1. Public perception of risk
2. Public perception of authorities
3. Public perception of response and self-efficacy
4. Quality and timing of risk communication

This chapter briefly discusses how counterterrorism policies and debate have traditionally been dominated by prevention and security logics and demonstrates that public resilience has recently attracted increased attention by policy makers and
academics. It then explores the role of the public and the authorities’ engagement with the public in promoting resilience against CBRN terrorism. This chapter also uses the case of CBRN terrorism to identify four factors that affect the public resilience
against terrorist attacks, and concludes by reflecting on the institutional/policy implications of the four factors, as well as advocating for a comparative research agenda.

Research paper thumbnail of Participation beyond the State: Why Some Environmental NGOs Partner with Business and Others Do Not

Long-Term Governance for Socio-Ecological Change (Eds.: Siebenhuner, B., Arnold, M., Eisenack, K., and Jacob, K.), Apr 2013

Research paper thumbnail of The Psychology of Violent Radicalisation

The Psychology of Counter-Terrorism (Edited by Andrew Silke), 2011

Research paper thumbnail of The Economic Downturn: A Boon for Home-grown Terrorist?

NATO Review (http://www.nato.int/docu/review/2012/Threads-Within/homegrown-terrorism-socio-economics/EN/index.htm), 2012

"The majority of studies conclude that socio-economic factors are poor indicators of terrorism. Y... more "The majority of studies conclude that socio-economic factors are poor indicators of terrorism. Yet factors such as poverty and education continue to be portrayed as fundamental drivers of terrorist violence in political rhetoric and practice targeted at preventing terrorism.

As we sit in the middle of an ongoing economic crisis, socio-economic issues have been forced into the limelight. At first glance, the global financial crisis has certainly brought about distinctive conditions. These include: i) A widespread lack of economic growth, ii) youth unemployment rates of over 50% in countries like Spain and Greece increasing levels of anti-austerity unrest across Europe, and iii) rumours of contingency plans to restrict immigration in countries in the event of a financial collapse. Does the current socio-economic landscape create the perfect storm for domestic, home-grown terrorist group recruitment?"

Research paper thumbnail of The Safer Spaces Communication Design for Counter Terror Guidelines

The book is aimed at academics, practitioners and security professionals, to support them in usin... more The book is aimed at academics, practitioners and security professionals, to support them in using design in counter terror communications, and to address fear and anxiety in public spaces. The booklet is organised into three sections, the first presenting the context of UK security systems, the second offering simple guiding principles for counter-terror communications, and the third demonstrating application through a case study.

Research paper thumbnail of Recruitment and Mobilisation for the Islamist Militant Movement in Europe

Research paper thumbnail of Is reliance on airport security technology putting us at greater risk?

ALJAZEERA (8th July 2014): Effective aviation security approaches have motivated aviation securit... more ALJAZEERA (8th July 2014): Effective aviation security approaches have motivated aviation security practitioners to change their tactics and modes of delivery. A growing reliance on pre-flight passenger screening and the use of a variety of scanning technologies and, in some instances, biometrics at the airports themselves, has resulted in a decrease in face-to-face interactions between passenger and employee as travellers move through airports.

Perhaps it is time for aviation security managers to revisit past human behaviour-based strategies once believed to be effective, in order to combine them with modern, technologically driven approaches to ensuring passenger safety.

Specifically, the human element of surveillance can be as important as the sophisticated new scanners and technologies when it comes to picking up more subtle forms of human behaviour.

Research paper thumbnail of The economic downturn: A boon for home-grown terrorists?

NATO Review (2012): The majority of studies conclude that socio-economic factors are poor indic... more NATO Review (2012):
The majority of studies conclude that socio-economic factors are poor indicators of terrorism. Yet factors such as poverty and education continue to be portrayed as fundamental drivers of terrorist violence in political rhetoric and practice targeted at preventing terrorism.

As we sit in the middle of an ongoing economic crisis, socio-economic issues have been forced into the limelight.

At first glance, the global financial crisis has certainly brought about distinctive conditions. These include:

A widespread lack of economic growth,

youth unemployment rates of over 50% in countries like Spain and Greece

increasing levels of anti-austerity unrest across Europe, and

rumours of contingency plans to restrict immigration in countries in the event of a financial collapse.

Does the current socio-economic landscape create the perfect storm for domestic, home-grown terrorist group recruitment? The resounding response to this question is ‘perhaps’.

Current thought is evolving in respect to this question. There is now a more nuanced discussion of the similarities and differences between domestic terror and international terror. There’s a move away from simply asking ‘if’ to asking ‘how’ socio-economic factors might influence participation in or support for terrorists groups.

Research paper thumbnail of Responding to emergencies involving chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) hazards: Information for emergency responders about public responses to CBRN incidents.

The public’s reaction to incidents involving chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear (CBRN)... more The public’s reaction to incidents involving chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear (CBRN) hazards will have a significant impact on the overall effectiveness of the professional response. This booklet provides scientifically tested guidance and information designed to make CBRN-related responses more effective by improving emergency responders’ knowledge of why, what, and how to
communicate with members of the public about CBRN hazards.

Who is it for? This booklet is for organisations and individuals responsible for communicating orengaging with members of the public during contamination incidents involving chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear (CBRN) hazards. This information would be useful for emergency responders (and non-specialised staff) from all emergency services (police, fire and ambulance), public health authorities, hospital staff, non-state organisations involved in emergency response (e.g. Red Cross, conference centre security staff), and others.

For what purpose? This information booklet helps emergency responders to effectively engage with members of the public about CBRN incidents, in particular through appropriate communication. Th response of members of the public to incidents involving CBRN hazards has a significant impact on the overall effectiveness of the professional response to such events. Public engagement before, during and after a CBRN incident can increase levels of public preparedness by creating a shared and improved understanding of CBRN incidents and the likely response to such incidents by members of the public. An improved understanding of CBRN incidents and emergency response procedures can increase the
likelihood of members of the public becoming active partners in the emergency response process,
resulting in improved health outcomes.

What is in it? This information booklet improves engagement with members of the public by improving the emergency responders’ knowledge of what, how and why to communicate with members of the public about CBRN incidents.

Specifically, the booklet sheds light on:
• Public understanding of CBRN threats
• Public behaviour in response to CBRN incidents
• Public information needs in relation to CBRN incident emergency response procedures
• Public engagement and communication preferences in relation to CBRN incidents and procedures
• What emergency responders can do to effectively engage with members of the public whilst still prioritising the practical and logistical aspects of the response

How to use it? This information booklet provides insight and guidance into public responses to CBRN incidents. The booklet is designed to facilitate engagement with the public. This booklet can be:
• Used as a stand-alone document or – most effectively – in combination with the public information
booklet (go to www.practice-fp7-security.eu).
• Distributed to staff and partner organisations responsible for responding to CBRN incidents.
• Displayed in hard copy or made available on the websites of emergency response organisations,
local authorities and other institutions.

When to use it? This information booklet is designed for use in the preparatory and response phases of CBRN incidents. In the preparatory phase, this booklet can help prioritise long-term training needs and efforts. In the response phase, the booklet can help ensure that key messages are effectively
communicated to members of the public.

We are happy to provide our tools for free when used by academic institutions, public sector emergency response organisations, government and public sector health organisations, schools, and charitable organisations. These organisations will need to cover the costs of adaptation and printing. In light of our public funding, the commercial use of the product by third parties is not allowed without our explicit consent. All parties should seek guidance from KCL as the information contained within the products is UK-based and will, potentially, need to undergo adaptation. We must be cited in all instances when our products are used.

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 261728.

Research paper thumbnail of Responding to emergencies involving chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) hazards: Information for members of the public

This booklet can be used by members of the public and organisations involved in communicating wit... more This booklet can be used by members of the public and organisations involved in communicating with members of the public about emergency situations involving chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) hazards.

Who is it for? This booklet contains general information for members of the public to help them understand emergency response procedures.

For what purpose? This booklet has been designed to inform people about emergency procedures used during CBRN incidents. If people understand these processes they will be better able to help themselves and their families during a
CBRN incident. Research has shown that the emergency response process can be made more efficient and effective if the emergency services and members of the
public work together.

What is in it? The information provided improves the public understanding of:
• Rare but potentially harmful incidents involving CBRN hazards
• The stages of a typical CBRN response
• Which emergency response organisations would typically get involved in a CBRN response

How to use it? This booklet can be distributed to households, GP surgeries, and more in hard copy. It can also be displayed on the websites of emergency response organisations, local authorities, and other institutions.

When to use it? This booklet is principally designed to educate the public before an incident occurs. However, parts of it may be used and adapted to inform the members
of the public during an incident. An additional information booklet for emergency response organisations is also available. The responder booklet provides additional information about what, how and why to communicate with
members of the public.

Important disclaimer: The information
contained in this booklet is currently UK specific. Please note that it is important to adapt it to your local cultural and
institutional environment.

We are happy to provide our tools for free when used by academic institutions, public sector emergency response organisations, government and public sector health organisations, schools, and charitable organisations. These organisations will need to cover the costs of adaptation and printing. In light of our public funding, the commercial use of the product by third parties is not allowed without our explicit consent. All parties should seek guidance from KCL as the information contained within the products is UK-based and will, potentially, need to undergo adaptation. We must be cited in all instances when our products are used.

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 261728.