Yadgar M.Hamakhan | Kaposvár University, Hungary (original) (raw)
Papers by Yadgar M.Hamakhan
The popularity of self-service technologies, particularly in the banking industry, more precisely... more The popularity of self-service technologies, particularly in the banking industry, more
precisely with electronic banking channel services, has undergone a major change
as individuals’ lifestyles develop. This change has affected individuals’ decisions about
accepting any new Information Technology, and Information Communications
Technology services that are electronically mediated, for example, E-Banking channel
services. This study investigates the effect of Individual Factors on User Behaviour, and
the moderating role of Trust in the relationship between Individual Factors, and User
Behaviour based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. This
research proposes a model, with a second-order components research framework.
It improves current explanations of the acceptance of electronic banking channel
services. Furthermore, this study highlights the role of trust on the acceptance of electronic
banking channel services, which is the most crucial consideration in customers’
decisions to accept electronic banking channels services. Thus, trust is the spine of the
system in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Data were collected using an online questionnaire
that received 476 valid responses from academic staff who work at the University
of Sulaimani. The model tested data using the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation
Modelling approach. The results show that Individual Factors have a positive effect on
User Behaviour. Besides, results show that trust moderates the relationship between
Individual Factors and User Behaviour.
Financial Innovation
The popularity of self-service technologies, particularly in the banking industry, more precisely... more The popularity of self-service technologies, particularly in the banking industry, more precisely with electronic banking channel services, has undergone a major change as individuals' lifestyles develop. This change has affected individuals’ decisions about accepting any new Information Technology, and Information Communications Technology services that are electronically mediated, for example, E-Banking channel services. This study investigates the effect of Individual Factors on User Behaviour, and the moderating role of Trust in the relationship between Individual Factors, and User Behaviour based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. This research proposes a model, with a second-order components research framework. It improves current explanations of the acceptance of electronic banking channel services. Furthermore, this study highlights the role of trust on the acceptance of electronic banking channel services, which is the most crucial consideration ...
Financial Innovation
The popularity of self-service technologies, particularly in the banking industry, more precisely... more The popularity of self-service technologies, particularly in the banking industry, more precisely with electronic banking channel services, has undergone a major change as individuals' lifestyles develop. This change has affected individuals’ decisions about accepting any new Information Technology, and Information Communications Technology services that are electronically mediated, for example, E-Banking channel services. This study investigates the effect of Individual Factors on User Behaviour, and the moderating role of Trust in the relationship between Individual Factors, and User Behaviour based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. This research proposes a model, with a second-order components research framework. It improves current explanations of the acceptance of electronic banking channel services. Furthermore, this study highlights the role of trust on the acceptance of electronic banking channel services, which is the most crucial consideration ...
Financial Innovation, 2020
The popularity of self-service technologies, particularly in the banking industry, more precisely... more The popularity of self-service technologies, particularly in the banking industry, more
precisely with electronic banking channel services, has undergone a major change
as individuals’ lifestyles develop. This change has affected individuals’ decisions about
accepting any new Information Technology, and Information Communications
Technology services that are electronically mediated, for example, E-Banking channel
services. This study investigates the effect of Individual Factors on User Behaviour, and
the moderating role of Trust in the relationship between Individual Factors, and User
Behaviour based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. This
research proposes a model, with a second-order components research framework.
It improves current explanations of the acceptance of electronic banking channel
services. Furthermore, this study highlights the role of trust on the acceptance of electronic
banking channel services, which is the most crucial consideration in customers’
decisions to accept electronic banking channels services. Thus, trust is the spine of the
system in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Data were collected using an online questionnaire
that received 476 valid responses from academic staff who work at the University
of Sulaimani. The model tested data using the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation
Modelling approach. The results show that Individual Factors have a positive effect on
User Behaviour. Besides, results show that trust moderates the relationship between
Individual Factors and User Behaviour.
Financial Internet Quarterly, 2020
JEL classification: G210 The banking industry is one of the most important industries in developi... more JEL classification: G210 The banking industry is one of the most important industries in developing countries, thus it plays a major role in the financial industry. Moreover, e-banking has simplified financial transactions. This study investigates the effect of individual factors on user behaviour and the moderating effect of attitude on the relationship between individual factors and user behaviour based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. A model suggests a second-order components research framework that improves current explanations of electronic banking channel services acceptance and sheds light on the role of attitude on the acceptance of electronic banking channel services which is the most important key concern. Data were collected using an online questionnaire with 476 valid responses from academic staff who work at the University of Sulaimani; the model has been tested using the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling approach. The results show that individual factors have a positive effect on user behaviour and also show that attitude has a negative effect on the relationship between individual factors and user behaviour as a moderator.
KAPOSVAR UNIVERSITY, 2019
The necessity of E-Banking services with the new generation's lifestyle today is reached at diffe... more The necessity of E-Banking services with the new generation's lifestyle today is reached at different levels of technology innovations. This paper aims at directing and contributing to E-Banking by exploring and analysing the current situation of commencement on E-Banking and its acceptance confidently. This paper presents an intensive summary review of a doctorate research by the author about E-Banking acceptance in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq in which 38 studies among 110 published papers were selected on E-Banking between 2002-2016. The studies seek to draw reliable conclusions from their data to identify the influenced factors on the acceptance and adopting of E-Banking system. To analyse the capacity and results of these studies, an analysis was conducted on the most influenced factors, powerful acceptance theories employed in these studies, the sample unit, respondent size and the location of the investigation. The results showed that the factors of security, perceived ease of use and trust had the higher frequencies among the others. The most used model in these studies was TAM model with a great satisfaction results by the researchers and bank institutions. The respondents of these studies were between 44 and 3000 and the major sample unit is bank customers and the majority of studies were from Iran, which are 13 studies. It was found that other theories (UTAUT and UTAUT 2) were less attractive to researchers in their studies. Therefore, the most results are based on the outcomes of TAM models. However, there are limitations of the outcomes by this study for reviewing limited papers, some shortcomings in constructing the links between the E-Banking channels with the influenced factors and there is supremacy of the higher frequency of using TAM on the results. Further works are recommended to study security, perceived ease, and trust using (UTAUT and UTAUT 2) in the countries with large population strata.
In the absence of a literature review for an adoption of internet banking in developing countrie... more In the absence of a literature review for an adoption of internet banking in developing countries, this study was conducted to review and summarize the most evaluated articles in the literature. The significance of this work came from three concepts which are to highlight the concepts of research in developing countries, to accentuate the dominant models which have been used effectively in analyzing the constructs in adopting internet banking, and thirdly, to shed some light on the gaps in the potential applications for the system in the future. The Technology Acceptance Model, Theory of Reasoned Action, Theory of Planned Behaviour, Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology and Self Designed models have been used by most of the researchers in this review with a higher frequency of the Technology Acceptance Model among them. The results from this review are limited to 28 articles which were selected from a total of 110. The sources were from the search engines of Science Direct, Emerald Insight, Growing Science, International Business Information Management Association and Canadian Central of Science and Education and other different types of journal publications. The factors revealed to have important effects on the acceptance and adoption of the system were trust, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness, security and privacy and social influences.
Thesis Chapters by Yadgar M.Hamakhan
The Moderating Effects of Trust and Attitude on E-Banking Acceptance in The Kurdistan Region of Iraq: University of Sulaimani Catchment Area, 2021
Abstract The considerable development in banking systems all around the world is a response to th... more Abstract
The considerable development in banking systems all around the world is a response to the change in people's current lifestyle. One of the major changes is the introduction of new technology into the system, which is called E-Banking. The banking system in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq operates in traditional ways, with no challenging features existing to meet the requirement of this century. This study investigates the effect of individual factors and system/service factors on user behaviour and the moderating role of trust and attitude in the relationship between individual factors and system/service factors on behavioural intention based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology and Technology Acceptance Model. This research proposes a model with a second-order components research framework that improves current explanations of Electronic Banking channel services acceptance, based on a systematic relevant literature review from a total of 160 articles and highlighting the role of trust and attitude on the acceptance of Electronic Banking channel services, which is the most important key concern that influences effective consumer user behaviour and decisions to accept Electronic Banking channel services. Thus, trust is the spine of the system in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Data were collected using an online questionnaire that received 476 valid responses from academic staff who work at the University of Sulaimani in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The model tested data using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling approach. The results show that individual factors and system/service factors have a significant effect on user behaviour indirectly by mediating behavioural intention, and also shows that trust moderates the relationship between (individual factors and behavioural intention). Besides, attitude has an insignificant moderator role of both relationships in this study.
Keywords: Hawala system; Cashless society; Decision maker; Lifestyle; PLSpredict.
THESIS OF THE DOCTORAL (PhD) DISSERTATION, 2021
Abstract The considerable development in banking systems all around the world is a response to th... more Abstract
The considerable development in banking systems all around the world is a response to the change in people's current lifestyle. One of the major changes is the introduction of new technology into the system, which is called E-Banking. The banking system in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq operates in traditional ways, with no challenging features existing to meet the requirement of this century. This study investigates the effect of individual factors and system/service factors on user behaviour and the moderating role of trust and attitude in the relationship between individual factors and system/service factors on behavioural intention based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology and Technology Acceptance Model. This research proposes a model with a second-order components research framework that improves current explanations of Electronic Banking channel services acceptance, based on a systematic relevant literature review from a total of 160 articles and highlighting the role of trust and attitude on the acceptance of Electronic Banking channel services, which is the most important key concern that influences effective consumer user behaviour and decisions to accept Electronic Banking channel services. Thus, trust is the spine of the system in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Data were collected using an online questionnaire that received 476 valid responses from academic staff who work at the University of Sulaimani in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The model tested data using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling approach. The results show that individual factors and system/service factors have a significant effect on user behaviour indirectly by mediating behavioural intention, and also shows that trust moderates the relationship between (individual factors and behavioural intention). Besides, attitude has an insignificant moderator role of both relationships in this study.
Keywords: Hawala system; Cashless society; Decision maker; Lifestyle; PLSpredict.
The popularity of self-service technologies, particularly in the banking industry, more precisely... more The popularity of self-service technologies, particularly in the banking industry, more
precisely with electronic banking channel services, has undergone a major change
as individuals’ lifestyles develop. This change has affected individuals’ decisions about
accepting any new Information Technology, and Information Communications
Technology services that are electronically mediated, for example, E-Banking channel
services. This study investigates the effect of Individual Factors on User Behaviour, and
the moderating role of Trust in the relationship between Individual Factors, and User
Behaviour based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. This
research proposes a model, with a second-order components research framework.
It improves current explanations of the acceptance of electronic banking channel
services. Furthermore, this study highlights the role of trust on the acceptance of electronic
banking channel services, which is the most crucial consideration in customers’
decisions to accept electronic banking channels services. Thus, trust is the spine of the
system in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Data were collected using an online questionnaire
that received 476 valid responses from academic staff who work at the University
of Sulaimani. The model tested data using the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation
Modelling approach. The results show that Individual Factors have a positive effect on
User Behaviour. Besides, results show that trust moderates the relationship between
Individual Factors and User Behaviour.
Financial Innovation
The popularity of self-service technologies, particularly in the banking industry, more precisely... more The popularity of self-service technologies, particularly in the banking industry, more precisely with electronic banking channel services, has undergone a major change as individuals' lifestyles develop. This change has affected individuals’ decisions about accepting any new Information Technology, and Information Communications Technology services that are electronically mediated, for example, E-Banking channel services. This study investigates the effect of Individual Factors on User Behaviour, and the moderating role of Trust in the relationship between Individual Factors, and User Behaviour based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. This research proposes a model, with a second-order components research framework. It improves current explanations of the acceptance of electronic banking channel services. Furthermore, this study highlights the role of trust on the acceptance of electronic banking channel services, which is the most crucial consideration ...
Financial Innovation
The popularity of self-service technologies, particularly in the banking industry, more precisely... more The popularity of self-service technologies, particularly in the banking industry, more precisely with electronic banking channel services, has undergone a major change as individuals' lifestyles develop. This change has affected individuals’ decisions about accepting any new Information Technology, and Information Communications Technology services that are electronically mediated, for example, E-Banking channel services. This study investigates the effect of Individual Factors on User Behaviour, and the moderating role of Trust in the relationship between Individual Factors, and User Behaviour based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. This research proposes a model, with a second-order components research framework. It improves current explanations of the acceptance of electronic banking channel services. Furthermore, this study highlights the role of trust on the acceptance of electronic banking channel services, which is the most crucial consideration ...
Financial Innovation, 2020
The popularity of self-service technologies, particularly in the banking industry, more precisely... more The popularity of self-service technologies, particularly in the banking industry, more
precisely with electronic banking channel services, has undergone a major change
as individuals’ lifestyles develop. This change has affected individuals’ decisions about
accepting any new Information Technology, and Information Communications
Technology services that are electronically mediated, for example, E-Banking channel
services. This study investigates the effect of Individual Factors on User Behaviour, and
the moderating role of Trust in the relationship between Individual Factors, and User
Behaviour based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. This
research proposes a model, with a second-order components research framework.
It improves current explanations of the acceptance of electronic banking channel
services. Furthermore, this study highlights the role of trust on the acceptance of electronic
banking channel services, which is the most crucial consideration in customers’
decisions to accept electronic banking channels services. Thus, trust is the spine of the
system in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Data were collected using an online questionnaire
that received 476 valid responses from academic staff who work at the University
of Sulaimani. The model tested data using the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation
Modelling approach. The results show that Individual Factors have a positive effect on
User Behaviour. Besides, results show that trust moderates the relationship between
Individual Factors and User Behaviour.
Financial Internet Quarterly, 2020
JEL classification: G210 The banking industry is one of the most important industries in developi... more JEL classification: G210 The banking industry is one of the most important industries in developing countries, thus it plays a major role in the financial industry. Moreover, e-banking has simplified financial transactions. This study investigates the effect of individual factors on user behaviour and the moderating effect of attitude on the relationship between individual factors and user behaviour based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. A model suggests a second-order components research framework that improves current explanations of electronic banking channel services acceptance and sheds light on the role of attitude on the acceptance of electronic banking channel services which is the most important key concern. Data were collected using an online questionnaire with 476 valid responses from academic staff who work at the University of Sulaimani; the model has been tested using the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling approach. The results show that individual factors have a positive effect on user behaviour and also show that attitude has a negative effect on the relationship between individual factors and user behaviour as a moderator.
KAPOSVAR UNIVERSITY, 2019
The necessity of E-Banking services with the new generation's lifestyle today is reached at diffe... more The necessity of E-Banking services with the new generation's lifestyle today is reached at different levels of technology innovations. This paper aims at directing and contributing to E-Banking by exploring and analysing the current situation of commencement on E-Banking and its acceptance confidently. This paper presents an intensive summary review of a doctorate research by the author about E-Banking acceptance in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq in which 38 studies among 110 published papers were selected on E-Banking between 2002-2016. The studies seek to draw reliable conclusions from their data to identify the influenced factors on the acceptance and adopting of E-Banking system. To analyse the capacity and results of these studies, an analysis was conducted on the most influenced factors, powerful acceptance theories employed in these studies, the sample unit, respondent size and the location of the investigation. The results showed that the factors of security, perceived ease of use and trust had the higher frequencies among the others. The most used model in these studies was TAM model with a great satisfaction results by the researchers and bank institutions. The respondents of these studies were between 44 and 3000 and the major sample unit is bank customers and the majority of studies were from Iran, which are 13 studies. It was found that other theories (UTAUT and UTAUT 2) were less attractive to researchers in their studies. Therefore, the most results are based on the outcomes of TAM models. However, there are limitations of the outcomes by this study for reviewing limited papers, some shortcomings in constructing the links between the E-Banking channels with the influenced factors and there is supremacy of the higher frequency of using TAM on the results. Further works are recommended to study security, perceived ease, and trust using (UTAUT and UTAUT 2) in the countries with large population strata.
In the absence of a literature review for an adoption of internet banking in developing countrie... more In the absence of a literature review for an adoption of internet banking in developing countries, this study was conducted to review and summarize the most evaluated articles in the literature. The significance of this work came from three concepts which are to highlight the concepts of research in developing countries, to accentuate the dominant models which have been used effectively in analyzing the constructs in adopting internet banking, and thirdly, to shed some light on the gaps in the potential applications for the system in the future. The Technology Acceptance Model, Theory of Reasoned Action, Theory of Planned Behaviour, Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology and Self Designed models have been used by most of the researchers in this review with a higher frequency of the Technology Acceptance Model among them. The results from this review are limited to 28 articles which were selected from a total of 110. The sources were from the search engines of Science Direct, Emerald Insight, Growing Science, International Business Information Management Association and Canadian Central of Science and Education and other different types of journal publications. The factors revealed to have important effects on the acceptance and adoption of the system were trust, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness, security and privacy and social influences.
The Moderating Effects of Trust and Attitude on E-Banking Acceptance in The Kurdistan Region of Iraq: University of Sulaimani Catchment Area, 2021
Abstract The considerable development in banking systems all around the world is a response to th... more Abstract
The considerable development in banking systems all around the world is a response to the change in people's current lifestyle. One of the major changes is the introduction of new technology into the system, which is called E-Banking. The banking system in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq operates in traditional ways, with no challenging features existing to meet the requirement of this century. This study investigates the effect of individual factors and system/service factors on user behaviour and the moderating role of trust and attitude in the relationship between individual factors and system/service factors on behavioural intention based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology and Technology Acceptance Model. This research proposes a model with a second-order components research framework that improves current explanations of Electronic Banking channel services acceptance, based on a systematic relevant literature review from a total of 160 articles and highlighting the role of trust and attitude on the acceptance of Electronic Banking channel services, which is the most important key concern that influences effective consumer user behaviour and decisions to accept Electronic Banking channel services. Thus, trust is the spine of the system in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Data were collected using an online questionnaire that received 476 valid responses from academic staff who work at the University of Sulaimani in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The model tested data using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling approach. The results show that individual factors and system/service factors have a significant effect on user behaviour indirectly by mediating behavioural intention, and also shows that trust moderates the relationship between (individual factors and behavioural intention). Besides, attitude has an insignificant moderator role of both relationships in this study.
Keywords: Hawala system; Cashless society; Decision maker; Lifestyle; PLSpredict.
THESIS OF THE DOCTORAL (PhD) DISSERTATION, 2021
Abstract The considerable development in banking systems all around the world is a response to th... more Abstract
The considerable development in banking systems all around the world is a response to the change in people's current lifestyle. One of the major changes is the introduction of new technology into the system, which is called E-Banking. The banking system in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq operates in traditional ways, with no challenging features existing to meet the requirement of this century. This study investigates the effect of individual factors and system/service factors on user behaviour and the moderating role of trust and attitude in the relationship between individual factors and system/service factors on behavioural intention based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology and Technology Acceptance Model. This research proposes a model with a second-order components research framework that improves current explanations of Electronic Banking channel services acceptance, based on a systematic relevant literature review from a total of 160 articles and highlighting the role of trust and attitude on the acceptance of Electronic Banking channel services, which is the most important key concern that influences effective consumer user behaviour and decisions to accept Electronic Banking channel services. Thus, trust is the spine of the system in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Data were collected using an online questionnaire that received 476 valid responses from academic staff who work at the University of Sulaimani in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The model tested data using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling approach. The results show that individual factors and system/service factors have a significant effect on user behaviour indirectly by mediating behavioural intention, and also shows that trust moderates the relationship between (individual factors and behavioural intention). Besides, attitude has an insignificant moderator role of both relationships in this study.
Keywords: Hawala system; Cashless society; Decision maker; Lifestyle; PLSpredict.