Shereen Hussein | University of Kent (original) (raw)
Articles & Papers by Shereen Hussein
Working With Older People, 2019
Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of personalisation policy on the provi... more Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of personalisation policy on the providers of social care services in England, mainly to older people, within the context of austerity and different conceptions of personalisation. Design/methodology/approach-The paper draws on part of a longitudinal study of the care workforce, which involved 188 interviews with managers and staff, undertaken in two rounds. Findings-Four themes were identified: changing understandings and awareness of personalisation; adapting services to fit new requirements; differences in contracting; and the impact on business viability. Research limitations/implications-The paper reflects a second look at the data focussing on a particular theme, which was not the focus of the research study. Furthermore, the data were gathered from self-selecting participants working in services in four contrasting areas, rather than a representative sample. Practical implications-The research raises questions about the impact of a commercial model of "personalised care", involving personal budgets (PBs) and spot contracts, on the stability of social care markets. Without a pluralistic, well-funded and vibrant social care market, it is hard to increase the consumer choice of services from a range of possible providers and, therefore, fulfil the government's purposes for personalisation, particularly in a context of falling revenues from local authorities. Originality/value-The research presents an analysis of interviews with care providers and care workers mainly working with older people. Their views on personalisation have not often been considered in contrast to the sizeable literature on PBs recipients and social workers.
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Journal of Adult Protection, 2019
Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to present findings from one element of a study exploring th... more Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to present findings from one element of a study exploring the relationship between personalisation, in the form of personal budgets (PBs) for publicly funded social care and safeguarding. Design/methodology/approach-Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 people receiving PBs who had recently been the focus of a safeguarding investigation. Participants were recruited from two English local authority areas and data were subject to thematic analysis. Findings-The analysis identified three main themes: levels of information and awareness; safeguarding concerns and processes; and choice and control. Many of the participants in this small study described having experienced multiple forms of abuse or neglect concurrently or repeatedly over time. Research limitations/implications-This was a small scale, qualitative study, taking place in two local authorities. The small number of participants may have had strong opinions which may or may not have been typical. However, the study provides some rich data on people's experiences. Practical implications-The findings suggest that adults receiving PBs may need information on an ongoing and repeated basis together with advice on how to identify and address poor quality care that they are arranging for themselves. Practitioners need to be aware of the influence of the level of information received and the interaction of organisational or legal requirements when responding to safeguarding concerns when care being supplied tries to reflect the benefits of choice and control. Originality/value-This paper reports original research asking adults with care and support needs about the interaction between two key policies of safeguarding and personalisation.
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Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 2019
The article reports research aimed at identifying factors relating to retention in English intell... more The article reports research aimed at identifying factors relating to retention in English intellectual disability services, drawing on a study of the social care workforce. The research involved two rounds of interviews with social care managers and staff between 2009 and 2014. The study uses social exchange theory, particularly the idea of 'reciprocity' and the mechanism of 'hope', as a conceptual framework to aid interpretation of the themes relating to retention identified in the interview analysis: 'pay', 'support', 'morale', and 'training' (related to reciprocity) and 'improving quality of life' and 'supporting personal development' (related to hope). Both groups of themes are identified as being particularly appropriate to intellectual disability services. The study concludes that reciprocity and hope seem to interact in factors related to staff retention, although the study suggests that reciprocity rather than hope is directly connected with retention.
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BMJ, 2019
Introduction There are more people living with dementia in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs... more Introduction There are more people living with dementia in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) than in high-income countries. Evidence-based interventions to improve the lives of people living with dementia and their carers are needed, but a systematic mapping of methodologically robust studies in LMICs and synthesis of the effectiveness of dementia interventions in these settings is missing. Methods and analysis A systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted to answer the question: Which dementia interventions were shown to be effective in LMICs and how do they compare to each other? Electronic database searches (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus, Global Health, WHO Global Index Medicus, Virtual Health Library, Cochrane CENTRAL, Social Care Online, BASE, MODEM Toolkit, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) will be complemented by hand searching of reference lists and local knowledge of existing studies from an international network of researchers in dementia from LMICs. Studies will be eligible for inclusion if they were published between 2008 and 2018, conducted in LMICs and evaluated the effectiveness of a dementia intervention using a study design that supports causal inference of the treatment effect. We will include both randomised and non-randomised studies due to an anticipated low number of well-conducted randomised trials in LMICs and potentially greater external validity of non-randomised studies conducted in routine care settings. In addition to narrative synthesis of the interventions, feasibility of pairwise and network meta-analyses will be explored to obtain pooled effects of relative treatment effects. Ethics and dissemination Secondary analysis of published studies, therefore no ethics approval required. Planned dissemination channels include a peer-reviewed publication as well as a website, DVD and evidence summaries. Prospero registration number CRD42018106206.
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European Journal of Social Work, 2018
Social workers are increasingly globally mobile, pursuing employment opportunities that combine p... more Social workers are increasingly globally mobile, pursuing employment opportunities that combine professional and lifestyle projects. Social work skills and practice are embedded in cultural, linguistic and nation-specific legislative competencies. The current article engages with the interplay of a fast-moving social work and immigration policy context and the role of inter-European social workers, using England as a case study of destination. Based on registration data of non-UK qualified social workers (2003–2017), a survey of 97 stakeholders from 27 European Union countries and focus group discussions, it investigates trends and challenges of transnational social workers (TSWs) in England. The findings highlight a dynamic process of social work education and immigration policy reforms during the past decade that was associated with a significant change in the volume and profile of TSWs registered to work in England. Data from European stakeholders further highlight two key findings: first, there is evidence of an increased role of inter-European social workers in most of Western European countries; second, the process of social work qualifications' recognition within Europe remains considerably variable. The implications of the findings are discussed within the context of continued inter-European policy and political changes.
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Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 2018
Population aging is a phenomenon occurring across the globe including in countries traditionally ... more Population aging is a phenomenon occurring across the globe including in countries traditionally exhibiting population dividends and " youth bulges. " The Gulf Corporation Council countries are no exception as they currently experience a process of population aging, albeit at a different stage from many developed countries. However, due to historically high fertility rates and fast-paced epidemiological transition, some of these countries will experience population aging at a higher pace than what has been observed in Europe and the United States. This article reviews recent developments in long-term care policies in the Gulf region with a focus on Oman as an example of a high-income Arab country that is experiencing population aging while still being governed by traditional family aged-care norms. Utilizing existing data and published research complemented by policy analysis and field visits, we analyze the process of population aging in Oman and neighboring countries and its policy implications.
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Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research , 2018
Social workers (SWs) provide emotional and practical support to vulnerable service users who are ... more Social workers (SWs) provide emotional and practical support to vulnerable service users who are likely to suffer from emotional trauma and mental health conditions. Stress and burnout levels are reported to be high among SWs, however, little is known about their relationships with different characteristics. The current article utilises unique and large dataset (n = 3786) on SWs working in adults and children's services to examine factors associated with burnout. Employing job-demand/resources model and structural equations modelling, we highlight the varying significant impact of work-engagement, administrative support and work experience as moderating factors to burnout across adult and children service specialism in this sample.
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International Journal of Care and Caring, 2018
Long-term care (LTC) work is known for its difficult working conditions with potential implicatio... more Long-term care (LTC) work is known for its difficult working conditions with potential implications on workers' wellbeing. In England LTC policies are moving progressively towards marketisation, while public social care funding is under considerable strain. Little evidence exists on the job demand and control of LTC workers who provide personal and direct care to adults and older people. The article uses survey data from LTC workers in England (n=991) to examine the levels of, and differentials in, job strain among LTC workers. The findings highlight the vulnerability of certain groups of workers with potential negative impact on their wellbeing.
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In L. Beddoe and A. Bartley (eds.) Transnational Social Work: Opportunities and challenges of a global profession, Policy Press., 2018
There is growing evidence that transnational social workers (TSWs) contribute significantly to th... more There is growing evidence that transnational social workers (TSWs) contribute significantly to the national workforce of many developed countries, including Canada (Pullen Sansfaçon et al, 2012), England (Hussein et al, 2011), Ireland (Walsh et al, 2010) and New Zealand (Bartley et al, 2012). These transnational movements occur within a set of constraints at di erent stages, from application, qualifications recognition and securing jobs, to practising in a new environment. Some of these difficulties might arise from how social work practice has evolved as a profession within different national and local contexts, as well as how it connects to wider policies and national priorities. Others may relate to international agreements and processes of qualification and experience recognition. Thus, di erent TSWs are faced by a multitude of challenges and hurdles, some of which are similar to professionals from other domains, such as medicine or engineering; yet,others are specific to the nature of social work itself. These layered challenges are observed by, and impact on, TSWs themselves, both at individual and professional levels, as well as in relation to their new context of practice in the destination countries.
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Ageing International, 2017
Population ageing is a phenomenon affecting the whole world. The countries that make up the Gulf ... more Population ageing is a phenomenon affecting the whole world. The countries that make up the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) are no exception but transitions in population ageing are still in the early stages of the process. With current demographic dividends experienced by the GCC and the rest of the Middle-East, the pace of population ageing will be faster than that experienced by many European countries. The purpose of this paper is to explore the population-ageing experience of different GCC countries while situating this within a context of social policies that are still at the very early stages of acknowledging such change. We use data from sources such as the United Nations and the World Bank, complemented by policy analysis of current age-related social security measures in the GCC. Given the importance of the family aged care system in the region, we consider the implications of changes in family structures, living conditions, and care needs for the elderly. The findings confirm the declining trend in fertility combined with increased life expectancy in all the six GCC countries. However, they highlight that social policy measures focused on older generations and their care needs are still relatively at the early stages of each country’s policy agenda. The implications of such changes are serious in terms of both the demand for and supply of care. Policymakers need to adopt cohesive social policy strategies that strengthen the complementing relationships between the state, family and wider community as stakeholders in the provision of aged care. In this study, elderly is defined as the proportion of the population aged 60 years and over.
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Work Employment and Society, 2017
This article aims to explain the labour market penalties among Muslim women in Britain. It draws ... more This article aims to explain the labour market penalties among Muslim women in Britain. It draws on theories of intersectionality and colour/cultural racism to argue that the labour market experience of British-Muslim women is multiply determined via criteria of ascription such as ethnicity, migration status, race and religion rather than criteria of achievement. The study uses data from the Labour Force Survey (2002-2013) with a large sample (N=245,391) of women aged 19-65. The overarching finding suggests that most Muslim women, regardless of their multiple ascriptive identities, generation and levels of qualifications, still face significant penalties compared with their White-British Christian counterparts. The penalties for some groups such as Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Black-Muslim women are harsher than for Indian and White Muslim women demonstrating how different social markers and multiple identities have contingent relationships to multiple determinants and outcomes.
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Health and Social Care in the Community, 2017
Demographic trends escalate the demands for formal long-term care (LTC) in the majority of the de... more Demographic trends escalate the demands for formal long-term care (LTC) in the majority of the developed world; despite the LTC workforce being characterised by its very low wages, the actual scale of the severity is less well known. This article investigates the scale of poverty pay in the feminised LTC sector and attempts to understand the perceived reasons behind persisting low wages in the sector. The analysis makes use of large national workforce pay data and a longitudinal survey of care workers, as well as interviews with key stakeholders in the sector The analysis suggests that there are at least between 10 to 13 percent of care workers whom are effectively being paid under the national minimum wage. Thematic qualitative analysis of 300 interviews with employers, care workers and service users highlight three key explanatory factors of low pay: the intrinsic nature of LTC work, the value of caring for older people and marketization and outsourcing of services.
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European Journal of Ageing , 2017
Abstract Escalating demands for formal long-term care(LTC) result in the reliance on migrant work... more Abstract Escalating demands for formal long-term care(LTC) result in the reliance on migrant workers in man ydeveloped countries. Within Europe, this is currentlyframed by progressive European immigration policiesfavouring inter-European mobil ity. Using the UK andNorway as case studies, this article has two main aims: (1)to document changes in the contribution of EuropeanUnion (EU) migrants to the LTC sectors in Western Europe, and (2) to gain further understanding of migrants’decision-processes relating to destination and work choi-ces. The UK and Norway provide exampl es of two Euro-pean countries with different immigration histories, welfareregimes, labour market characteristics and cultural values,offering a rich comparison platform. The analysis utilizesnational workforce datasets and data obtained frommigrants working in the LTC sector in the UK and Norway(n = 248) and other stakeholders ( n = 136). The analysisestablishes a significant increase in the contribution of EUmigrants (particularly from Eastern Europe) to the LTC sector in both the UK and Norway despite their differentwelfare regimes. The findings also highlight how migrantcare workers develop rational decision-processes influenced by subjective perspectives of investments and returns within a context of wider structural migration barriers. The latter includes welfare and social care policiesframing the conditions for migrants’ individual actions.
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Journal of Social Policy, 2017
With the continued implementation of the personalisation policy, Personal Budgets (PBs) have move... more With the continued implementation of the personalisation policy, Personal Budgets (PBs) have moved to the mainstream in adult social care in England. The relationship between the policy goals of personalisation and safeguarding is contentious. Some have argued that PBs have the potential to empower recipients, while others believe PBs, especially Direct Payments, might increase the risk of abuse. This paper provides empirical evidence about levels of uptake of PBs and safeguarding referrals in England based on in-depth analysis of national data at aggregate, local council level in England, covering 152 Councils. This is complemented by analysis of 2,209 individual referral records obtained from three purposively selected study sites. The aim is to explore whether available data could provide evidence of association between the uptake of PBs and safeguarding referrals. Analysis of the national dataset found no significant relationships between PB uptake and the level and type of alleged abuse. However, analysis of individual-level referral data, from the three selected sites did find some significant associations particularly with financial abuse; and found the main perpetrators of the alleged abuse to be home-care employees. The findings are discussed within the context of current policy and practice.
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Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 2017
The literature on workers in gender atypical occupations has been dominated by a focus on women d... more The literature on workers in gender atypical occupations has been dominated by a focus on women doing men’s work. Much less attention has been paid to men in women’s work, and even less to the impact of migration. Based on 28 in-depth interviews with migrant men having experiences of working in hands-on social care in England, this article is a contribution to the understanding of migrant men’s entry dynamics into a female-dominated occupation. Focusing on migrant life experiences, it discusses how they actively engage in three entry dynamics: 1) facing barriers and negotiating them, 2) ‘stumbling upon’ women’s work, then developing compensating strategies and 3) migratory/temporary settling into the sector. The article suggests a theory about lifelong ‘travelling’ when entering women’s work: a continuing process of negotiating work options within a specific historical sector context, the intersection of gender and migration being part of this.
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Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, Mar 1, 2006
Increases in funding of advocacy schemes are leading to their general expansion in the UK. Little... more Increases in funding of advocacy schemes are leading to their general expansion in the UK. Little is known of how their activities are evaluated by funders. This article examines how local authorities evaluate the outcomes of advocacy schemes. It reports on and discusses the findings of a survey of local authorities. Respondents identified the types of support they provided to advocacy schemes and their requirements for service reports. Data are presented on the length of time that schemes have been funded, geographical ...
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Social Policy Association Annual Conference
This article discusses the workforce implications of recent government policy direction in Englan... more This article discusses the workforce implications of recent government policy direction in England to move some statutory social work responsibilities from the usually larger more complex organizational structure of local authorities to independent organisations. Such outsourcing of social services is not a new phenomenon in England, however, it has been gaining further pace over the last decade. This paper discusses findings from an evaluation of five social work practices (SWPs), independent or semi-independent of local government, which were established in 2009 with an intention to improve outcomes for looked after children as well as for practitioners supporting them. The policy aspirations were to develop smaller social worker-led organizations, independent of local authorities, that were envisaged to improve the morale and retention of children’s social workers, reduce bureaucracy, and facilitate professional decision making. The model hypothesized that better outcomes for chi...
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Ageing International, 2017
Populations are expected to age rapidly in the Arab countries during the coming few decades. Howe... more Populations are expected to age rapidly in the Arab countries during the coming few decades. However, the current evidence base indicates that many countries in the region are not paying attention to this demographic phenomenon. This is a particular concern as longevity is often accompanied by many years of ill health and disability and most of the countries in the region continue to rely on the family as the primary source of elder care. While the family, and particularly women, are expected to provide increasing support for longer they are faced by a set of socio-demographic changes that may hinder their ability to provide such care. This paper focuses on the ageing demographics in the Arab region and reflects on the multiple-roles for women by utilising quantitative analysis of international population and socioeconomic indicators as well as reviewing the background literature and current ageing policies in the region. The paper then discusses possible strategies to address increasing long-term care needs through a social capital lens, where support to informal carers particularly women is emphasised.
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Working With Older People, 2019
Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of personalisation policy on the provi... more Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of personalisation policy on the providers of social care services in England, mainly to older people, within the context of austerity and different conceptions of personalisation. Design/methodology/approach-The paper draws on part of a longitudinal study of the care workforce, which involved 188 interviews with managers and staff, undertaken in two rounds. Findings-Four themes were identified: changing understandings and awareness of personalisation; adapting services to fit new requirements; differences in contracting; and the impact on business viability. Research limitations/implications-The paper reflects a second look at the data focussing on a particular theme, which was not the focus of the research study. Furthermore, the data were gathered from self-selecting participants working in services in four contrasting areas, rather than a representative sample. Practical implications-The research raises questions about the impact of a commercial model of "personalised care", involving personal budgets (PBs) and spot contracts, on the stability of social care markets. Without a pluralistic, well-funded and vibrant social care market, it is hard to increase the consumer choice of services from a range of possible providers and, therefore, fulfil the government's purposes for personalisation, particularly in a context of falling revenues from local authorities. Originality/value-The research presents an analysis of interviews with care providers and care workers mainly working with older people. Their views on personalisation have not often been considered in contrast to the sizeable literature on PBs recipients and social workers.
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Journal of Adult Protection, 2019
Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to present findings from one element of a study exploring th... more Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to present findings from one element of a study exploring the relationship between personalisation, in the form of personal budgets (PBs) for publicly funded social care and safeguarding. Design/methodology/approach-Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 people receiving PBs who had recently been the focus of a safeguarding investigation. Participants were recruited from two English local authority areas and data were subject to thematic analysis. Findings-The analysis identified three main themes: levels of information and awareness; safeguarding concerns and processes; and choice and control. Many of the participants in this small study described having experienced multiple forms of abuse or neglect concurrently or repeatedly over time. Research limitations/implications-This was a small scale, qualitative study, taking place in two local authorities. The small number of participants may have had strong opinions which may or may not have been typical. However, the study provides some rich data on people's experiences. Practical implications-The findings suggest that adults receiving PBs may need information on an ongoing and repeated basis together with advice on how to identify and address poor quality care that they are arranging for themselves. Practitioners need to be aware of the influence of the level of information received and the interaction of organisational or legal requirements when responding to safeguarding concerns when care being supplied tries to reflect the benefits of choice and control. Originality/value-This paper reports original research asking adults with care and support needs about the interaction between two key policies of safeguarding and personalisation.
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Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 2019
The article reports research aimed at identifying factors relating to retention in English intell... more The article reports research aimed at identifying factors relating to retention in English intellectual disability services, drawing on a study of the social care workforce. The research involved two rounds of interviews with social care managers and staff between 2009 and 2014. The study uses social exchange theory, particularly the idea of 'reciprocity' and the mechanism of 'hope', as a conceptual framework to aid interpretation of the themes relating to retention identified in the interview analysis: 'pay', 'support', 'morale', and 'training' (related to reciprocity) and 'improving quality of life' and 'supporting personal development' (related to hope). Both groups of themes are identified as being particularly appropriate to intellectual disability services. The study concludes that reciprocity and hope seem to interact in factors related to staff retention, although the study suggests that reciprocity rather than hope is directly connected with retention.
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BMJ, 2019
Introduction There are more people living with dementia in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs... more Introduction There are more people living with dementia in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) than in high-income countries. Evidence-based interventions to improve the lives of people living with dementia and their carers are needed, but a systematic mapping of methodologically robust studies in LMICs and synthesis of the effectiveness of dementia interventions in these settings is missing. Methods and analysis A systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted to answer the question: Which dementia interventions were shown to be effective in LMICs and how do they compare to each other? Electronic database searches (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus, Global Health, WHO Global Index Medicus, Virtual Health Library, Cochrane CENTRAL, Social Care Online, BASE, MODEM Toolkit, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) will be complemented by hand searching of reference lists and local knowledge of existing studies from an international network of researchers in dementia from LMICs. Studies will be eligible for inclusion if they were published between 2008 and 2018, conducted in LMICs and evaluated the effectiveness of a dementia intervention using a study design that supports causal inference of the treatment effect. We will include both randomised and non-randomised studies due to an anticipated low number of well-conducted randomised trials in LMICs and potentially greater external validity of non-randomised studies conducted in routine care settings. In addition to narrative synthesis of the interventions, feasibility of pairwise and network meta-analyses will be explored to obtain pooled effects of relative treatment effects. Ethics and dissemination Secondary analysis of published studies, therefore no ethics approval required. Planned dissemination channels include a peer-reviewed publication as well as a website, DVD and evidence summaries. Prospero registration number CRD42018106206.
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European Journal of Social Work, 2018
Social workers are increasingly globally mobile, pursuing employment opportunities that combine p... more Social workers are increasingly globally mobile, pursuing employment opportunities that combine professional and lifestyle projects. Social work skills and practice are embedded in cultural, linguistic and nation-specific legislative competencies. The current article engages with the interplay of a fast-moving social work and immigration policy context and the role of inter-European social workers, using England as a case study of destination. Based on registration data of non-UK qualified social workers (2003–2017), a survey of 97 stakeholders from 27 European Union countries and focus group discussions, it investigates trends and challenges of transnational social workers (TSWs) in England. The findings highlight a dynamic process of social work education and immigration policy reforms during the past decade that was associated with a significant change in the volume and profile of TSWs registered to work in England. Data from European stakeholders further highlight two key findings: first, there is evidence of an increased role of inter-European social workers in most of Western European countries; second, the process of social work qualifications' recognition within Europe remains considerably variable. The implications of the findings are discussed within the context of continued inter-European policy and political changes.
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Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 2018
Population aging is a phenomenon occurring across the globe including in countries traditionally ... more Population aging is a phenomenon occurring across the globe including in countries traditionally exhibiting population dividends and " youth bulges. " The Gulf Corporation Council countries are no exception as they currently experience a process of population aging, albeit at a different stage from many developed countries. However, due to historically high fertility rates and fast-paced epidemiological transition, some of these countries will experience population aging at a higher pace than what has been observed in Europe and the United States. This article reviews recent developments in long-term care policies in the Gulf region with a focus on Oman as an example of a high-income Arab country that is experiencing population aging while still being governed by traditional family aged-care norms. Utilizing existing data and published research complemented by policy analysis and field visits, we analyze the process of population aging in Oman and neighboring countries and its policy implications.
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Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research , 2018
Social workers (SWs) provide emotional and practical support to vulnerable service users who are ... more Social workers (SWs) provide emotional and practical support to vulnerable service users who are likely to suffer from emotional trauma and mental health conditions. Stress and burnout levels are reported to be high among SWs, however, little is known about their relationships with different characteristics. The current article utilises unique and large dataset (n = 3786) on SWs working in adults and children's services to examine factors associated with burnout. Employing job-demand/resources model and structural equations modelling, we highlight the varying significant impact of work-engagement, administrative support and work experience as moderating factors to burnout across adult and children service specialism in this sample.
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International Journal of Care and Caring, 2018
Long-term care (LTC) work is known for its difficult working conditions with potential implicatio... more Long-term care (LTC) work is known for its difficult working conditions with potential implications on workers' wellbeing. In England LTC policies are moving progressively towards marketisation, while public social care funding is under considerable strain. Little evidence exists on the job demand and control of LTC workers who provide personal and direct care to adults and older people. The article uses survey data from LTC workers in England (n=991) to examine the levels of, and differentials in, job strain among LTC workers. The findings highlight the vulnerability of certain groups of workers with potential negative impact on their wellbeing.
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In L. Beddoe and A. Bartley (eds.) Transnational Social Work: Opportunities and challenges of a global profession, Policy Press., 2018
There is growing evidence that transnational social workers (TSWs) contribute significantly to th... more There is growing evidence that transnational social workers (TSWs) contribute significantly to the national workforce of many developed countries, including Canada (Pullen Sansfaçon et al, 2012), England (Hussein et al, 2011), Ireland (Walsh et al, 2010) and New Zealand (Bartley et al, 2012). These transnational movements occur within a set of constraints at di erent stages, from application, qualifications recognition and securing jobs, to practising in a new environment. Some of these difficulties might arise from how social work practice has evolved as a profession within different national and local contexts, as well as how it connects to wider policies and national priorities. Others may relate to international agreements and processes of qualification and experience recognition. Thus, di erent TSWs are faced by a multitude of challenges and hurdles, some of which are similar to professionals from other domains, such as medicine or engineering; yet,others are specific to the nature of social work itself. These layered challenges are observed by, and impact on, TSWs themselves, both at individual and professional levels, as well as in relation to their new context of practice in the destination countries.
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Ageing International, 2017
Population ageing is a phenomenon affecting the whole world. The countries that make up the Gulf ... more Population ageing is a phenomenon affecting the whole world. The countries that make up the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) are no exception but transitions in population ageing are still in the early stages of the process. With current demographic dividends experienced by the GCC and the rest of the Middle-East, the pace of population ageing will be faster than that experienced by many European countries. The purpose of this paper is to explore the population-ageing experience of different GCC countries while situating this within a context of social policies that are still at the very early stages of acknowledging such change. We use data from sources such as the United Nations and the World Bank, complemented by policy analysis of current age-related social security measures in the GCC. Given the importance of the family aged care system in the region, we consider the implications of changes in family structures, living conditions, and care needs for the elderly. The findings confirm the declining trend in fertility combined with increased life expectancy in all the six GCC countries. However, they highlight that social policy measures focused on older generations and their care needs are still relatively at the early stages of each country’s policy agenda. The implications of such changes are serious in terms of both the demand for and supply of care. Policymakers need to adopt cohesive social policy strategies that strengthen the complementing relationships between the state, family and wider community as stakeholders in the provision of aged care. In this study, elderly is defined as the proportion of the population aged 60 years and over.
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Work Employment and Society, 2017
This article aims to explain the labour market penalties among Muslim women in Britain. It draws ... more This article aims to explain the labour market penalties among Muslim women in Britain. It draws on theories of intersectionality and colour/cultural racism to argue that the labour market experience of British-Muslim women is multiply determined via criteria of ascription such as ethnicity, migration status, race and religion rather than criteria of achievement. The study uses data from the Labour Force Survey (2002-2013) with a large sample (N=245,391) of women aged 19-65. The overarching finding suggests that most Muslim women, regardless of their multiple ascriptive identities, generation and levels of qualifications, still face significant penalties compared with their White-British Christian counterparts. The penalties for some groups such as Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Black-Muslim women are harsher than for Indian and White Muslim women demonstrating how different social markers and multiple identities have contingent relationships to multiple determinants and outcomes.
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Health and Social Care in the Community, 2017
Demographic trends escalate the demands for formal long-term care (LTC) in the majority of the de... more Demographic trends escalate the demands for formal long-term care (LTC) in the majority of the developed world; despite the LTC workforce being characterised by its very low wages, the actual scale of the severity is less well known. This article investigates the scale of poverty pay in the feminised LTC sector and attempts to understand the perceived reasons behind persisting low wages in the sector. The analysis makes use of large national workforce pay data and a longitudinal survey of care workers, as well as interviews with key stakeholders in the sector The analysis suggests that there are at least between 10 to 13 percent of care workers whom are effectively being paid under the national minimum wage. Thematic qualitative analysis of 300 interviews with employers, care workers and service users highlight three key explanatory factors of low pay: the intrinsic nature of LTC work, the value of caring for older people and marketization and outsourcing of services.
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European Journal of Ageing , 2017
Abstract Escalating demands for formal long-term care(LTC) result in the reliance on migrant work... more Abstract Escalating demands for formal long-term care(LTC) result in the reliance on migrant workers in man ydeveloped countries. Within Europe, this is currentlyframed by progressive European immigration policiesfavouring inter-European mobil ity. Using the UK andNorway as case studies, this article has two main aims: (1)to document changes in the contribution of EuropeanUnion (EU) migrants to the LTC sectors in Western Europe, and (2) to gain further understanding of migrants’decision-processes relating to destination and work choi-ces. The UK and Norway provide exampl es of two Euro-pean countries with different immigration histories, welfareregimes, labour market characteristics and cultural values,offering a rich comparison platform. The analysis utilizesnational workforce datasets and data obtained frommigrants working in the LTC sector in the UK and Norway(n = 248) and other stakeholders ( n = 136). The analysisestablishes a significant increase in the contribution of EUmigrants (particularly from Eastern Europe) to the LTC sector in both the UK and Norway despite their differentwelfare regimes. The findings also highlight how migrantcare workers develop rational decision-processes influenced by subjective perspectives of investments and returns within a context of wider structural migration barriers. The latter includes welfare and social care policiesframing the conditions for migrants’ individual actions.
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Journal of Social Policy, 2017
With the continued implementation of the personalisation policy, Personal Budgets (PBs) have move... more With the continued implementation of the personalisation policy, Personal Budgets (PBs) have moved to the mainstream in adult social care in England. The relationship between the policy goals of personalisation and safeguarding is contentious. Some have argued that PBs have the potential to empower recipients, while others believe PBs, especially Direct Payments, might increase the risk of abuse. This paper provides empirical evidence about levels of uptake of PBs and safeguarding referrals in England based on in-depth analysis of national data at aggregate, local council level in England, covering 152 Councils. This is complemented by analysis of 2,209 individual referral records obtained from three purposively selected study sites. The aim is to explore whether available data could provide evidence of association between the uptake of PBs and safeguarding referrals. Analysis of the national dataset found no significant relationships between PB uptake and the level and type of alleged abuse. However, analysis of individual-level referral data, from the three selected sites did find some significant associations particularly with financial abuse; and found the main perpetrators of the alleged abuse to be home-care employees. The findings are discussed within the context of current policy and practice.
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Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 2017
The literature on workers in gender atypical occupations has been dominated by a focus on women d... more The literature on workers in gender atypical occupations has been dominated by a focus on women doing men’s work. Much less attention has been paid to men in women’s work, and even less to the impact of migration. Based on 28 in-depth interviews with migrant men having experiences of working in hands-on social care in England, this article is a contribution to the understanding of migrant men’s entry dynamics into a female-dominated occupation. Focusing on migrant life experiences, it discusses how they actively engage in three entry dynamics: 1) facing barriers and negotiating them, 2) ‘stumbling upon’ women’s work, then developing compensating strategies and 3) migratory/temporary settling into the sector. The article suggests a theory about lifelong ‘travelling’ when entering women’s work: a continuing process of negotiating work options within a specific historical sector context, the intersection of gender and migration being part of this.
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Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, Mar 1, 2006
Increases in funding of advocacy schemes are leading to their general expansion in the UK. Little... more Increases in funding of advocacy schemes are leading to their general expansion in the UK. Little is known of how their activities are evaluated by funders. This article examines how local authorities evaluate the outcomes of advocacy schemes. It reports on and discusses the findings of a survey of local authorities. Respondents identified the types of support they provided to advocacy schemes and their requirements for service reports. Data are presented on the length of time that schemes have been funded, geographical ...
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Social Policy Association Annual Conference
This article discusses the workforce implications of recent government policy direction in Englan... more This article discusses the workforce implications of recent government policy direction in England to move some statutory social work responsibilities from the usually larger more complex organizational structure of local authorities to independent organisations. Such outsourcing of social services is not a new phenomenon in England, however, it has been gaining further pace over the last decade. This paper discusses findings from an evaluation of five social work practices (SWPs), independent or semi-independent of local government, which were established in 2009 with an intention to improve outcomes for looked after children as well as for practitioners supporting them. The policy aspirations were to develop smaller social worker-led organizations, independent of local authorities, that were envisaged to improve the morale and retention of children’s social workers, reduce bureaucracy, and facilitate professional decision making. The model hypothesized that better outcomes for chi...
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Ageing International, 2017
Populations are expected to age rapidly in the Arab countries during the coming few decades. Howe... more Populations are expected to age rapidly in the Arab countries during the coming few decades. However, the current evidence base indicates that many countries in the region are not paying attention to this demographic phenomenon. This is a particular concern as longevity is often accompanied by many years of ill health and disability and most of the countries in the region continue to rely on the family as the primary source of elder care. While the family, and particularly women, are expected to provide increasing support for longer they are faced by a set of socio-demographic changes that may hinder their ability to provide such care. This paper focuses on the ageing demographics in the Arab region and reflects on the multiple-roles for women by utilising quantitative analysis of international population and socioeconomic indicators as well as reviewing the background literature and current ageing policies in the region. The paper then discusses possible strategies to address increasing long-term care needs through a social capital lens, where support to informal carers particularly women is emphasised.
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The objective of this report is to analyse key issues concerning the social services workforce in... more The objective of this report is to analyse key issues concerning the social services workforce in Europe, with a focus on social workers and social care workers. It is based on secondary literature and policy analysis, the results of a questionnaire, and discussion groups that took place during a seminar organised by ESN in Bratislava
in November 2016. The report rst sets the scene by describing key similarities and differences between the social services workforce and structures of welfare states in Europe. Second, the report covers key developments in policy and practice regarding quali cations and skills, recruitment and retention, workforce mobility across the European Union, and planning and management of the workforce. Finally, the report sets out key recommendations for policy-makers, practitioners and researchers.
The structure and legislative framework of the welfare states in European countries shape the size, composition and regulation of the social services workforce.
Whilst the Bologna process has harmonised social work academic quali cations
to an extent, social care professions are still very much country-speci c with regulation and required quali cations being formalised in some countries but
not in others. This has implications for the quality of the services provided as well as the attractiveness and conditions of the jobs available in this area.
Preparing professionals with the knowledge and practical skills required to do their job well is a complex endeavour that is organised very differently in European countries. This complexity is illustrated by an overview of quali cations and regulation of social work and social care professionals in selected European countries. The link between institutions responsible for education and training and organisations that deliver services is crucial, particularly regarding the need to align education and training with changes in practice, such as the increasing importance of technological innovation. An important way to bridge potential gaps between theory and practice is the effective involvement of service users in the planning, delivery and evaluation of education and training.
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Dementia (London, England), 2015
There is concern that people with dementia may be at particular risk of elder abuse however there... more There is concern that people with dementia may be at particular risk of elder abuse however there is little data to confirm such fears. This paper presents findings from an up-dated investigation of secondary sources of data about the abuse of older people with dementia in England conducted in 2013. There are many sources of data about poor care, abuse and neglect of people with dementia in care home and hospital settings but these are collected for different purposes and hard to link. The article discusses the ways in which dementia care practitioners may be able to make the most of existing data.
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London: Social Care Workforce Research Unit, King's College London, Jul 1, 2008
Since July 2004, employers of social care staff working with vulnerable adults in settings that a... more Since July 2004, employers of social care staff working with vulnerable adults in settings that are registered with the relevant social care inspectorates in England and Wales have been required to refer workers (and volunteers) dismissed for misconduct that harmed vulnerable adults or placed them at risk of harm, to the Protection of Vulnerable adults (POVA) list. Employers are also required to check the list before employing people to work with vulnerable adults. The POVA list is unique to England and Wales. It does not apply to ...
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London: General Social Care Council, 2008
The report also highlights the government's commitment to widening access to the social work... more The report also highlights the government's commitment to widening access to the social work profession, not least through the establishment of flexible routes to training and qualification and options for employers to more effectively plan for and meet workforce needs within their local communities.
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Into the Workforce was commissioned by the Department of Health (DH) in 2007 under the Social Car... more Into the Workforce was commissioned by the Department of Health (DH) in 2007 under the Social Care Workforce Research Initiative (DH Research Initiative, 2010). The project takes forward the DH funded Evaluation of the New Social Work Degree Qualification in England (Evaluation of Social Work Degree Qualification in England Team, 2008a, 2008b) which was a major multi-method longitudinal evaluation investigating whether the degree level qualifying programmes in social work which have been running since 2003-2004 have ...
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European Journal of Social Work, 2005
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This study examined issues relating to partnership working arrangements in adult protection acros... more This study examined issues relating to partnership working arrangements in adult protection across England and Wales and explored perceptions of the impact of regulation (and regulatory practices) on adult protection. An important issue in adult protection is the way in which different regulatory authorities, professionals and providers of care and support engage with each other to ensure the protection of vulnerable adults. The study examined the extent and nature of inter-agency work in this field and explored perceptions of regulation and legislation pertinent to the area. This research provides a firm evidence base from which to develop policy and practice in adult protection.
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Advocacy schemes have been established throughout the United Kingdom (UK) but their evaluation by... more Advocacy schemes have been established throughout the United Kingdom (UK) but their evaluation by funders is varied. Inconsistencies in evaluation are increasingly untenable in view of concerns about public funding accountability and the need to assure outcomes meet their services’ stated intentions. This research is timely given the Government’s drive to improve and extend advocacy services for people with learning disabilities.
This report provides a literature review and research findings in respect of models of evaluation of advocacy schemes for people with learning disabilities. Part 1 describes the research methodology. Part 2 locates the policy and literature relating to advocacy for people with learning disabilities, considers the issues that arise in evaluation and analyses the advantages and disadvantages of six main evaluation models. Parts 3 and 4 describe the research outcomes. Part 3 details the findings of a survey sent to local authorities investigating the implementation of evaluation models and their outcomes. Part 4 describes the outcomes of interviews seeking stakeholder views regarding the effectiveness of advocacy, types of evaluation and recommendations for change. Part 5 details the main points identified at a seminar held to debate the research findings. The Discussion, Part 6, considers the research outcomes and the issues in respect of the scope and effectiveness of evaluation in response to the public funding imperatives, the aims and objectives underpinning advocacy in general and particular typologies, and commissioning arrangements. The discussion suggests that, although evaluation of effectiveness is accepted as increasingly important, it is not universally in place and available tools are considered to be inadequate for the task. The explanation of this may lie in the continuing debates over the meaning and purpose of evaluation and fears that it is one-dimensional. Part 7 outlines our conclusions and recommendations.
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The Social Care Workforce Research Unit at King’s College London undertook this research project ... more The Social Care Workforce Research Unit at King’s College London undertook this research project to examine the nature and impact of GYO schemes, with particular focus on their role in widening access to the social work profession. The research was supported by
the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills (DIUS) via the Gateways to the Professions development fund. It was co- funded and overseen by a Project Board of stakeholders led by the General Social Care Council (GSCC).
The findings from the project have been used to develop a toolkit aimed at sharing good practice for the development of GYO schemes.
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This report presents the findings from the Evaluation of the Social Work Degree Qualification in ... more This report presents the findings from the Evaluation of the Social Work Degree Qualification in England which was funded by the Department of Health between 2004-2007 to look at the impact of the new degree level professional qualification in social work. The change was widely welcomed by social work educators, employers, and service users and carers as a way of improving the status of social work and of increasing the numbers of people attracted to the profession. It was accompanied by substantial financial investment in student recruitment, practice placements, involvement of service users and carers, and other measures aimed at improving the quality of learning in higher education. The first new degree level social work qualifying programmes began in the 2003- 2004 academic year.
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Methods Review, London School of Economics and Political Science, 2011
This methods review sets out knowledge about current uses and applications of large datasets for ... more This methods review sets out knowledge about current uses and applications of large datasets for research in adult social care practice. Built on a wide-ranging search of the literature, this review discusses examples of the use of different large datasets such as the General Social Care Council, the Census, the Labour Force Survey, governmental and hospital records, as well as others in health and social care research. It focuses on the methods adopted to extract and use data from different large datasets to enable quantitative and statistical examination of the research questions considered. It discusses the challenges associated with using large data records, which in some cases are not originally designed for specific quantitative data analysis or to answer a pre-defined research question, and illustrates various approaches adopted by researchers to extract, validate, refine and interpret results based on such data. The review discusses the strengths and limitations of a number of large datasets currently used in research on social care in England, with examples from adult safeguarding and other areas relevant to adult social care practice.
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Social Care Workforce Periodical, Issue 14, Sep 2011
Caring for older people with disabilities is traditionally, and continues to be conceptualised as... more Caring for older people with disabilities is traditionally, and continues to be conceptualised as, female work, or as requiring female skills in most countries. Social norms and gender ideology ascribe different spheres of employment for men and women. While these factors are in place, considerable numbers of men and women are increasingly moving into gender atypical job roles. In the UK, as a result of shortages of staff in the care sector, interest is growing in attracting non-traditional workers to the sector.
In this issue of Social Care Workforce Periodical we attempt to examine some of these questions using the National Minimum Data Set for Social Care (NMDS-SC), March 2011. The data provide a wide range of information both in relation to individuals and organisations or providers of care. Using a range of univariate and multivariate analyses, including employing mixed-effect models, the NMDS-SC reveals important elements of the profile and specific contribution of men in the care sector.
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SCIE Knowledge and Research Report 38, Dec 2010
"This report (originally practice enquiry) aimed to look at practitioners’ accounts of their prac... more "This report (originally practice enquiry) aimed to look at practitioners’ accounts of their practice in promoting the wellbeing of older people from black and minority ethnic (BME) backgrounds in four parts of the United Kingdom (UK).
Although there is no single universally agreed definition of wellbeing, it is usually seen as including important aspects of people’s lives, such as life satisfaction, a sense of achievement and purpose, and generally feeling that life is worthwhile. Although an absence of wellbeing is associated with depression, wellbeing is about more than not feeling depressed. Governments and policy makers are becoming increasingly interested in measuring the success of the services they provide by looking at how they can improve wellbeing but we know very little about how adult social care services seek to improve the wellbeing of the communities they serve.
Previous work by the Social Care Institute for Excellence (SCIE) (Sharif et al, 2008) has shown that little is known about the mental health of older people from BME groups and the role of social care practitioners in providing them with support. As the proportion of older people from minority groups living in the UK increases (Lievesley, 2010), we need to know more about how they experience mental wellbeing and common mental health problems in later life."
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Social Care Workforce Periodical, Issue 15, Nov 2011
There has been recent interest in understanding the profile of migrants working in the care secto... more There has been recent interest in understanding the profile of migrants working in the care sector in the UK and other economically developed countries. However, little is known about the participation of British (United Kingdom) workers from Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) groups in the UK care sector who are not recent migrants. The current report presents analysis of the NMDS-SC, June 2011, focusing on workers’ records with valid information on both ethnicity and nationality. The analysis shows that 7.5 per cent (n=26,789) of the workforce are identified by their employers to be British BME workers. This percentage is much lower than the 19 per cent identified as belonging to BME groups without accounting for nationality.
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Social Care Workforce Periodical, Issue 13, Jun 2011
With an increasing political emphasis on the role of social capital and civic engagement, and wit... more With an increasing political emphasis on the role of social capital and civic engagement, and within the current climate of financial and economic turmoil, volunteering has assumed a significant position in the map of long-term care.
There is currently little evidence around levels and patterns of volunteering within formal long-term care services, such as care homes. In this issue of the Social Care Workforce Periodical, we use recent data from the NMDS-SC to investigate these questions.
The analysis is focused on formal provision of long-term care, through services to adults and older people with different types of needs. The current analysis and findings provide a unique insight into the contribution of volunteers to long-term care in England. This is particularly important given the growing demand for care, resource constraints and emphasis on the role of civil society in providing support to the wider community.
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The NHS Breast Screening Programme was established in 1988. It is primarily aimed at women in the... more The NHS Breast Screening Programme was established in 1988. It is primarily aimed at women in the 50 – 70 years age group. In 2006 – 2007, over 1.6 million women aged 45 and over were screened, of whom 13,443 were diagnosed with breast cancer as a result of screening. Each year, more than 12, 300 women die from breast cancer. It is also known that about a quarter of eligible women do not accept the invitation for an examination and those least likely to have them are women from Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) groups, especially women from the South Asian community. The Healthcare Commission wishes to:
• Identify the issues and disabling factors that may contribute to different groups not having equal access, experience or outcomes from screening services
• Identify recommendations and influence improvements to screening service delivery through regulation and inspection.
The Healthcare Commission commissioned RADAR and King’s College London to investigate access to breast screening examinations and to help the Commission achieve its objectives on facilitating improvements to breast screening and treatment. This report covers these explorations in the work undertaken by King’s College London and focuses on:
• Women’s awareness and access to screening services and treatment
• Their experience of the services
• Their experience of being informed of the outcome of screening and other clinical outcomes.
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Department for Education, 2012
Five social work practice (SWP) pilots started up in England between December 2009 and May 2010. ... more Five social work practice (SWP) pilots started up in England between December 2009 and May 2010. These independent organisations were commissioned by local authorities to provide services for looked after children and care leavers. The pilots were introduced to discover whether smaller social work-led organisations independent of local authorities could improve the morale and retention of social workers and bring decision making closer to front-line practice. These changes were expected to deliver increased consistency and stability of care for looked after children and care leavers. The pilots have differed substantially in their organisational forms and their origins and in the numbers and profiles of looked after children and young people they support (the Cohort).
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In Westwood (Edt.) Ageing, Diversity and Inequality: Social justice perspectives. Routledge, 2018
In this chapter I consider the experience of migrants growing older in a ‘new’, host community fo... more In this chapter I consider the experience of migrants growing older in a ‘new’, host community focusing on the roles of migration trajectories, social networks and culture in shaping the experience of social inclusion among older migrants. I draw on data obtained from life history interviews with 66 older Turkish migrants, aged 65 years or more collected in 2012-2013 and 30 interviews with community workers and care workers supporting Turkish older people. The analysis is based on Nancy Fraser’s trilogy of interrelated factors of social justice: resources, recognition and representation. Here, I focus on social networks as a key resource in migrants’ life course. For recognition, I discuss the cultural visibility and social status of this particular group of migrants and how these interact with wider recognition of ‘migrants’ and ‘older people’ as integrated groups within the wider society. In relation to representation, I include participation within and outside the ‘community’ and draw attention to the vexed impact of ‘strong social networks’ and solidarity in creating support as well as potential of social inclusion. The findings show that for Turkish older migrants, social networks were key resource that provided them with significant safety nets at crucial times in their lives. However, the same ‘resource’ created unintentional isolating bubbles from the wider society for prolonged periods of time, which had negative implications on the way they felt they are recognised and on how they actively sought representation.
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In Bartley & Beddoe (Eds.) Transnational Social Work: Opportunities and challenges of a global profession, 2018
Social workers and other health care professionals are increasingly globally mobile, pursuing emp... more Social workers and other health care professionals are increasingly globally mobile, pursuing employment opportunities that combine professional and lifestyle projects. Unlike many other health professions, social work skills and practice include cultural and nation-specific elements that might not be directly translated within a global context. Presenting an additional layer to the existing maze of barriers any transnational professional needs to negotiate in pursue of global mobility. The United Kingdom has traditionally, and continuously, rely on many overseas qualified social workers, however, with a changing patterns and intensity. The current chapter explores the interface between the need for transnational social workers to work in the UK and the difficulties they face in their professional and personal paths. Using national statistics, survey and interview data with social workers and regulators in the UK and Europe, this chapter explores the demographics and patterns of this mobile workforce, the sources of information and decision-making frames they use and processes of relocation and settlement while pursuing their professional and personal goals. The analysis focuses in particular on the different layers of negotiations various groups of transnational social workers have to go through and the coping mechanisms they employ. These are examined within the dynamic context of immigration policies in the UK and the context of the free European labour mobility. The discussion explores the potential implications of recent UK government proposals on employment rights and benefits of European migrant workers and the proposed reforms of the UK membership in the EU.
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In Christensen and Pilling (eds.) The Routledge Handbook of Social Care Work Around the World, 2018
Over the past decade the English adult social care system has seen a set of policy reforms combin... more Over the past decade the English adult social care system has seen a set of policy reforms combined with funding cuts and austerity measures. This chapter utilises secondary and primary data sources to investigate the current state of the English social care workforce with a particular focus on the increasing role of migrants; persistent low wages and job related stress. The findings highlight the continued role of migrants in the sector with a clear shift in their profile that are consistent with the direction of the UK immigration policies. From 2013 migrants joining the care sector from Bulgaria and Romania alone have exceeded all other migrants entering the sector. The analysis indicates the persistent low wages in the sector, which are facilitated by a number of factors including austerity measures and the increasing role of the private sector and outsourcing of services. The nature of care work combined with difficult working conditions created various situations where individual workers felt a considerable level of stress. The latter is likely to impact not only on workers’ ability to complete their work to the highest quality but also have potential negative impact on their own well being and likelihood of job quitting.
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London School of Economics and Political Science, Aug 2002
This research examines nuptiality patterns in Egypt and the Maghreb countries of Algeria, Morocco... more This research examines nuptiality patterns in Egypt and the Maghreb countries of Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. Despite the importance of nuptiality as a demographic component, it is considerably under studied when compared to fertility, or mortality, particularly in the Arab region. Nuptiality studies in the Arab region are very sparse and marital status is usually analysed in terms of education and age without looking at other potential explanatory variables and interactions. In general, education and employment experiences can enhance autonomy and self-recognition, which in turn change people's expectations and prospective gains from marriage. However, the effect of both education and employment on marriage decisions is rather complex and does not usually follow the expected pattern in all the countries in the region. For example, the persistence of the kinship system, in many countries in the region, which benefits arranged marriage can well limit the role of education and employment on marriage. Such observations invited the elaboration of an analytical framework that takes into account the relationships between different factors that can interact and affect nuptiality.
Both the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Pan Arab Project surveys (PAPCHILD) provide national information on some of marriage aspects in the four countries. The data used come from the Egypt DHS 1995, Morocco DHS 1992, Tunisia DHS 1988, and Algeria PAPCHILD 1993. The available data are used to study the nuptiality patterns in the four countries and draw comparisons between them in the light of the proposed fame-work. In addition to the standard DHS questionnaires, the Egypt DHS 1995 includes a women’s status module, which provides richer information on the marriage and husband selection process as well as indicators of post marital inter-spousal dynamics. Such information is used to perform an in-depth analysis of nuptiality patterns in Egypt and to study the relationship between the intermediate variables and characteristics of the marriage, as well as with inter-spousal relationships and the post-marital profile of women.
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EASPD annual conference, 2019
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British Society of Gerontology annual conference, 2019
The aim of this paper is to analyse and provide insight onto the concept of ‘place’ when providin... more The aim of this paper is to analyse and provide insight onto the concept of ‘place’ when providing care for older people from the perspective of migrant care workers in the UK. The significant role of migrant care workers in meeting the escalating demands of care needs of older people in the UK is well known. However, little attention is paid to the role of ‘place’ in shaping the relationship between the care migrant and the recipient. The place here can take various forms from older person’s own home, which might be located in a remote area not well-known to the worker or as a more structured place such as community or residential care services. Furthermore, most migrant care workers also have their own personal caring responsibilities to their own family members. Such caring responsibilities are sometimes provided and co-ordinated across borders, possibly virtually, between the UK and migrant workers’ home countries. This presentation will draw on findings of a systematic literature reviews and interviews with migrant care workers in the UK exploring the concept of place with its multiple definitions and impact. This work is part of a broader ESRC programme on Sustainable Care.
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Transforming Care Conference , 2019
Population ageing is occurring across the world and entails growing proportions of ‘older people’... more Population ageing is occurring across the world and entails growing proportions of ‘older people’ and relatively shrinking ‘working age’ cohorts at the population structure level. The pace and degree of population ageing are variable but are more generally at an advanced stage in more economically developed countries. While life expectancy is increasing and healthy life expectancy is also increasing, yet the latter is not increasing as fast as the former. These phenomena present multiple challenges in relation to increased demand on long term care coupled with declined supply of people at working age. Many countries across the globe are relying on migrant workers who are seeking new economic, social and professional opportunities to fill in these ‘care gaps’. This paper focuses on exploring the dynamics and determinants of migrant care workers in eight OECD countries: Australia, Canada, Germany, Italy, Japan, Norway, Republic of Korea (Korea), and the United Kingdom (UK). The paper will start by presenting some comparative statistics to set the context in these countries. We will then aim to bring together some theoretical considerations that shape demand for and sustainability of migrant care work in different socio-economic and welfare contexts based on existing literature. The analysis presented here illustrates how the immigration and welfare regimes shape, to a large extent, the types and nature of migrant care workers contribution to the host country’s long term care system. The review indicates that for the eight countries understudy a combination of forces including population ageing, demographic and societal changes result in high levels of shortages in the supply of the long-term care workforce. Migrant care workers constitute an important element of this supply; however, the level and context of their contribution vary widely across countries. Furthermore, the process of their recruitment, the level of their integration into the broader care market, how well their work is regulated and structure and the sustainability of such supply are variable across countries.
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European Schools of Social Work Association, Annual Conference, Madrid, 4-7 June, 2019
Objectives Social workers are increasingly globally mobile, pursuing employment opportunities th... more Objectives
Social workers are increasingly globally mobile, pursuing employment opportunities that combine professional and lifestyle projects. Social work skills and practice are embedded in cultural, linguistic and nation-specific legislative competency. The aim of this article is to highlight the challenges associated with transnational social workers, in the light not only of a context-specific training and practice but also within a fast changing national and regional policies. The analysis particularly engages with the interplay of a fast-moving social work policy context and the role of inter-European social workers, using England as a case study of destination.
Methods
The analysis is based on primary survey data collected from European stakeholders across Europe (n=97) and data obtained through focus group discussions (n=80) with key European stakeholders that took place in 2016. To examine the situation in England, registration data on non-UK qualified social workers between 2003-2017 are analysed to investigate patterns and trends of social workers’ mobility to England. Analysis of registration data records and online survey responses was complemented by a policy review of major English social work reforms during the same period. The review was further complemented by country-focused desk research, focusing on national policy documents and information provided by national professional associations, ministries and researchers.
Results
Inter-European workers’ mobility, including those of SWs, is becoming increasingly important to most European countries, particularly in Western Europe. Survey and focus group data analysis for the current research confirm that, like England, many Western European countries’ resort to recruiting Inter-European SWs to address shortages. Participants in the focus groups recognised many of the challenges associated with such mobility for both the receiving and sending countries. They identified a lack of mutual recognition of SW qualifications in the EU making working in another member state difficult with cumbersome recognition processes. Generally speaking, for foreign nationals to be able to join the SW profession in Europe, their qualification needs to be officially recognised as being of equivalent value to corresponding national qualifications. Some countries appeared to have more efficient systems of qualification recognition than others.
Conclusion
The share of transnational social workers, increasingly from within Europe, is significant to most Western European social services workforce including that in England. While recognizing the role of inter-European social workers’ mobility in addressing shortages and high vacancy rates, the complexity in constructing social work training that is transferable to national and international contexts continues to be challenging. Inter-European social work qualifications’ recognition and transferability of skills in practice remains a challenge in many countries. These are in part related to the variability in the languages used across the continent and the history and development of social work training that is usually impeded in the national and local contexts.
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A lecture at King's College London, February 2019. MSc in Ageing in a Global Perspective
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Invited presentation at the UNITED NATIONS’ EXPERT GROUP MEETING MEASURING POPULATION AGEING: B... more Invited presentation at the UNITED NATIONS’ EXPERT GROUP MEETING
MEASURING POPULATION AGEING: BRIDING RESEARCH AND POLICY
Bangkok, Thailand 25-26 February 2019
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International Long Term Care Bi-annual Conference , 2018
Background: Previous research shows that job satisfaction and job quitting intentions are strongl... more Background: Previous research shows that job satisfaction and job quitting intentions are strongly correlated with various job and personal characteristics have significant impact on both outcomes. This sector is estimated to employ at least 2 million workers in the United Kingdom with considerable projected increases due to ageing demographics. It is also a sector with reported high turnover and vacancy rates. Understanding key factors influencing job quitting are essential for workforce planning and strategies.
Objectives: The aim is to examine the intersecting factors influencing job satisfaction and intention to quit among workers who provide care for older people or those with long-term disabilities where their work is characterized as highly emotional in nature.
Methods: The use of a structural equation model helps to clarify the relationships between intentions to quit, job satisfaction, domains of job content and personal and job characteristics. Data is obtained from the Longitudinal Care Work Study (LoCS) with a sample of 1,096 social care workers in England. Participants have completed surveys gathering the Karasek standardized job content questionnaire, specifically measuring domains of psychological job demand, decision latitude (job control) and levels of support they receive from their line managers and co-workers (job social support). Using exploratory factor analysis we constructed the two outcome measures of job satisfaction (JS) and intention to quit (ItQ) from these individual variables. Principal component analysis (PCA) was also used to identify if some individual and work characteristics could be summarized by some underlying factors.
Findings: The findings of the model provide a richer interpretation of these relationships when compared to reduced form models where only one outcome is measured. Compared to other studies focused on professional social service staff, LTC workers have similar levels of job control but higher levels of job demand (with 34% are in high strain jobs) but higher levels of job insecurity. There was a significant negative association between levels of global job satisfaction and intention to leave. Level of work social support significantly improves JS and reduces ItQ. While higher level of job control significantly improves global JS but has no significant impact on ItQ.
Conclusion: The findings have several policy and practice implications in the light of the escalating demands on this workforce and implications on level and quality of care provision. These are discussed within the context of increased personalization and marketization of care and funding constraints.
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King's Business School, 2018
The dynamics and effects of race and gender on labour participation and employment outcomes are e... more The dynamics and effects of race and gender on labour participation and employment outcomes are embedded in the study of the sociology of work and human management. In this presentation, I will discuss the intersectionality of gender, race and religion in shaping the work experience of individuals as actors within the broader organizational system of work, employment and reward. The presentation draws on a study of the labour market experience of British Muslim women using the Labour Force Survey (LFS) data from 2002 to 2013. The aim is to examine how and to what extent the labour market experience of British-Muslim women is multiply determined via criteria of ascription such as ethnicity, race, gender and religion and to what extent this experience is contingent upon the specific labour market outcome. Here, Muslim women provide a rich example of how multiple identities, particularly visual identities, interact and shape ones and others perceptions when seeking work and employment outcomes. The overarching finding suggests that most Muslim women, regardless of their multiple ascriptive identities, generation and levels of qualifications, still face significant penalties compared with their White-British Christian counterparts. For this group, gains in human and skill capital do not appear to elevate labour market penalties due to lack of neutrality of Muslim women’s multiple identities. Here, ethnicity, race, religious and migration status formulate their opportunity structure devaluing some of their human capital through the process of reacialisation and otherness. I will discuss the implications of these findings from a human management perspective.
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Somerset House Studios, 2018
This is a Pechakucha presentation- 20 slides with 20s commentary on each. Unfortunately, the eve... more This is a Pechakucha presentation- 20 slides with 20s commentary on each.
Unfortunately, the event was not recorded so you only get to see the slides !!
Presented at Somerset House Studies at an event organised by Cultural Institute at King’s on the 16th of January 2018
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UNISON Social Care Seminar 2018, 2018
Union density is relatively low among the care sector. Progressive fragmentation and casualisatio... more Union density is relatively low among the care sector. Progressive fragmentation and casualisation of care work arrangements and delivery in England pose several challenges of in-work protection and quality of care jobs. Giving care workers a collective voice through trade unions is an effective way of ensuring their employment rights and protection are kept on the policy agenda. However, mobilising this workforce, while necessary, is challenging given their gender and earnings profile. I use unique longitudinal data from the Longitudinal Care Work Study to discuss trade union membership among direct care workers such as care workers, care assistants and support workers.
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Antalya, 2017
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The Home Office, 2017
Population ageing and socio-demographic changes increase the demands on health and social care se... more Population ageing and socio-demographic changes increase the demands on health and social care services in the UK and most of the developed world. Social care service provision has been subjected to a myriad of policy and structural changes. The sector is characterised by poor wages and difficult working conditions manifested in persistent high turnover and vacancy rates. Migrant workers continue to play an important role in the delivery of social care for many decades. However, the profile, experience and contribution of migrant workers have changed in response to recent UK immigration policies. The current presentation utilises latest data from national workforce datasets and large-scale primary research to provide evidence on the current experience of migrant workers in the sector. The findings are discussed in relation to the dynamic context of policy change, particularly that related to immigration and social care policies.
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RMIT University, Melbourne, 2017
Population ageing and demographic changes escalate the demand on social service and formal long-t... more Population ageing and demographic changes escalate the demand on social service and formal long-term care. Medical advances have enhanced the life expectancy of everyone including people with disabilities and complex needs. Parallel social changes into the family structure, residency arrangements and patterns of work have influenced the ability and availability of informal social networks for care provision. Furthermore, individuals’ expectations and aspirations have evolved over time. All these factors escalate the demand on the quantity, quality and tailored types of social services that are suitable for different groups of people. European countries have adopted different welfare models with various social protection and empowerment elements. However, all countries continue to face considerable challenges, including mounting costs, associated with such demographic and social changes; and have responded in a variety of ways. However, a clear policy direction of marketization of care and social services is observed in most European countries of all welfare models. In this lecture I discuss how these policy and demographic challenges impact on the social service workforce. I also discuss the evolving nature and roles of the social service workforce and how this interacts with and respond to increased demand providing empirical examples from the UK and Europe.
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Victoria Council for Social Services, 2017
Personalisation of care services has the potential of empowering users through maximising their c... more Personalisation of care services has the potential of empowering users through maximising their choice of services and improving their control on how such services are provided and by whom; there is some debate, however, of the suitability of such approach to some groups of users and potentially increased risks. Advocacy groups have long played a crucial role in promoting the rights of users whilst ensuring their safeguard. The current seminar presents examples of advocacy work from the UK and Europe that are specific to social services and care provision. It will discuss the role of advocacy that is present at various stages of care delivery from facilitating the input of users in the process of workforce training and qualifications to their involvement in service delivery. The presentation also highlights the role of the wider context of national social policy strategies in establishing the role of advocacy. The discussion will stress the importance of the coordination between training, commissioning and service provision in ensuring access and choice while recognising the need for safeguarding. These are likely to be achieved through the application of a complementary framework of work that involves service users, the workforce, informal carers and independent advocates within current consumer driven systems.
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Victorian Council of Social Services, 2017
It's been four years since the introduction of the first trial site for the National Disability I... more It's been four years since the introduction of the first trial site for the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS).
While it's been a complex and difficult roll out at times, the Federal Government says 100,000 Australians have now signed up to the scheme.
The NDIS allows people to have far greater control over the services they receive — and it's similar to a system already in place in the UK and Europe.
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RMIT University, 2017
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Radical Statistics, 2010
Protecting and safeguarding children have been of high importance for policy makers over the past... more Protecting and safeguarding children have been of high importance for policy makers over the past 30 years in the United Kingdom, resulting in ever-increasing levels of surveillance of workers in this area. Latterly, adult protection has emerged as a key concern in social care policy and practice and has new prominence in the regulatory and modernising framework (Lathlean et al. 2006). Successive legislation increasingly regulates the social care workforce in order to reduce the risks of abuse and neglect. One element of adult protection policy in England and Wales, introduced by the Care Standards Act 2000, is referrals to the Protection of Vulnerable Adults (POVA) List (introduced in 2004). Once placed on the POVA List, a referred person is barred from working with or volunteering with vulnerable adults for ten years, although there is a right of appeal. The scheme underwent reform when the Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 (implemented as from 2009). This Act introduced a new National Information System for Police Intelligence, to combine information from the Criminal Records Bureau (CRB), the POVA and POCA lists and List 99. A single registration scheme for anyone wanting to work or volunteer with children or adults in vulnerable situations is also to be established. Ultimate responsibility for the Independent Safeguarding Authority (ISA) is with the Home Office.
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Ankara, Oct 2016
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The General Social Care Council (GSCC), which regulates standards and training of the social work... more The General Social Care Council (GSCC), which regulates standards and training of the social work profession in England, holds a compulsory register of social workers and detailed information on registered students. In 2012 most of the functions of the GSCC are planned to transfer to the Health Professions Council (HPC).It is envisaged that the HPC, which currently regulates 15 healthcare professions, will be renamed the Health and Care Professions Council to reflect its additional responsibilities.
The Social Care Workforce Research Unit (SCWRU), supported by the Department of Health under the Policy Research Programme, has reached an agreement with the GSCC to acquire a copy of anonymous data records held by the GSCC prior to this move. Obtaining these unique, historical and valuable data sets will facilitate further research to address current and emerging knowledge gaps about the profession and social work education.
On 24 June 2011 a consultation event was held to help formulate a vision for utilising the data and decide on priorities for research."
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Children’s social workers are more likely to burn out than their adult services counterparts, as ... more Children’s social workers are more likely to burn out than their adult services counterparts, as a result of feeling disengaged from and drained by their work, an academic study has found.
The analysis, based on two large datasets compiled between 2010 and 2013, found “higher levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation, and lower levels of personal accomplishment” among children’s social workers.
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TV coverage translated in Persian
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The Independent, news paper article
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Media Interview
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LGiU, Mar 2015
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Community Care, Mar 2015
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Many homecare workers are not going to benefit from today’s rise in the Living Wage – indeed they... more Many homecare workers are not going to benefit from today’s rise in the Living Wage – indeed they are lucky to get the National Minimum Wage. Councils must do more to ensure homecare workers are properly remunerated -
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BBC Panorama, Oct 3, 2011
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The Guardian , Jun 13, 2013
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Community Care, Mar 6, 2014
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Dr Shereen Hussein was interviewed on BBC 5 live investigates on 24 November by Adrian Goldberg o... more Dr Shereen Hussein was interviewed on BBC 5 live investigates on 24 November by Adrian Goldberg on the subject of pay levels in social care. Are social care workers being paid for travelling time to clients? Taking this into account how many workers are being paid below the minimum wage? In the programme these points are also put to Care Minister Norman Lamb.
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The Guardian, Apr 18, 2012
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New Statesman, Dec 22, 2011
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Community Care , Oct 3, 2011
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The Guardian, Oct 3, 2011
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Community Care , Apr 14, 2010
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"Dr Shereen Hussein, scientific adviser to the Department of Health, told BBC Radio 5 live that p... more "Dr Shereen Hussein, scientific adviser to the Department of Health, told BBC Radio 5 live that poor language skills could lead to bad care and abuse.
Figures from King's College London say 20% of care workers are migrants."
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Global Institute for Women's Leadership, 2018
Being a woman can evoke many stereotypes that are exacerbated by belonging to a minority race
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PSSRU-Blog, 2019
The Government’s White Paper on the UK’s future skills-based immigration system (White Paper) pub... more The Government’s White Paper on the UK’s future skills-based immigration system (White Paper) published on 19/12/2018 represents a radical departure from the existing system of labour migration.
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British Politics and Policy at LSE, May 23, 2012
Over the past few years policy debate has continued around the funding of the social care system ... more Over the past few years policy debate has continued around the funding of the social care system in England; usefully summarized in the Dilnot review. Everyone now seems to acknowledge the growing and pressing need to address funding and maintain the social care system. An important element that seems to be missing from these debates is the social care workforce itself. While long term care funding reform is taking time to resolve, thinking about the workforce remains highly relevant. Direct care workers and their managers or employers are often invisible ...
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British Politics and Policy at LSE, Oct 31, 2011
The UK's ageing population has brought issues of long-term care to the fore, but the care wo... more The UK's ageing population has brought issues of long-term care to the fore, but the care workforce and the vital role that immigrants play in it are seldom discussed. Shereen Hussein argues that limiting non-EU care workers entry to the UK may reduce both the quantity and quality of care professionals needed to fill vital care posts.
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Volunteer workers could transform the long-term care sector. However, Shereen Hussein emphasizes ... more Volunteer workers could transform the long-term care sector. However, Shereen Hussein emphasizes that a greater understanding of the strengths and weakness of a voluntary workforce is needed in order to effectively identify the services it is best equipped to provide. The government should think of volunteers as a complement to professional staff rather than their replacement.
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With our conference on Invisible Communities: Working with older people from Europe and beyond co... more With our conference on Invisible Communities: Working with older people from Europe and beyond coming up at the end of the month, Shereen Hussein, Senior Research Fellow at the Social Care Workforce Research Unit and co-founder of the Research On Workforce Mobility (ROWM) network, discusses her work on the Turkish community in the UK.
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the Social Care White Paper contained some welcomed elements, but there is still no clear resolut... more the Social Care White Paper contained some welcomed elements, but there is still no clear resolution to funding long term care and workforce needs, including pay and working conditions.
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Blog, Dec 2014
The question of how to maintain a high quality social care workforce has received academic scruti... more The question of how to maintain a high quality social care workforce has received academic scrutiny for many years, with research highlighting the lack of career progression, low pay and status, and inability of the sector to attract young and diverse groups of workers as some of the key issues. There are many reasons why we are at this state of ‘crisis’ but at the core is the assumption that care work is something that can be performed by ‘anyone’, it does not require a vast amount of skills and we can always find a willing worker to do it. While these assumptions go unspoken, they underline how the sector operates and derive from the perception of care work as ‘women’s’ work that comes ‘naturally’; if the family can do it why do we need a skilled professional to do it?
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The demand for care workers in the developed world, including the UK, is set to increase dramatic... more The demand for care workers in the developed world, including the UK, is set to increase dramatically in the next few decades due to both demographic and social factors (Wittenberg et al. 2008). Due to the secondary, or undesirable, position of the social care sector in the labour market, migrant workers are likely to continue to form a significant part of this workforce, whether directly recruited as care workers or domestic workers, or recruited following arrival in the UK (Anderson 2007).
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As our population enjoy a longer life expectancy, it is clear that care work will evolve and play... more As our population enjoy a longer life expectancy, it is clear that care work will evolve and play a larger role in our lives. I illustrates the need for a guaranteed payment of the minimum wage to care workers if we are to protect both users and policies from dangerous risks.
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The UK’s ageing population has brought issues of long-term care to the fore, but the care workfor... more The UK’s ageing population has brought issues of long-term care to the fore, but the care workforce and the vital role that immigrants play in it are seldom discussed.
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EUROPP, Feb 18, 2013
As Europe’s population ages, the substantial differences in access to health and social care serv... more As Europe’s population ages, the substantial differences in access to health and social care services are becoming more and more apparent. Shereen Hussein looks at Turkish immigrants in London, finding that they often lack the English skills or knowledge about services and entitlements to access the care that they need as they age. More work is needed to tackle this social isolation and to help this community access health services.
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British Journal of Social Work, 2005
© The British Association of Social Workers. 2006. All rights reserved. ... British Journal of So... more © The British Association of Social Workers. 2006. All rights reserved. ... British Journal of Social Work (2006) 36, 1453 doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcl372 ... Reviewers of Manuscripts published in Volume 36 of the British Journal of Social Work ... Jane Akister Andy Alaszewski Di Bailey Rachel Balen Dorrie Ball Sarah Banks Di Barnes Lynn Baxter Bill Beaumont Margaret Bell Peter Beresford David Berridge Kish Bhatti- Sinclair Jon Blacktop Caroline Bourke Gillian Bridge Ann Buchanan Hilary Burgess Ian Byford John Carpenter Pat Cartney Steve Clarke Marie Connolly ...
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Journal of Advanced Nursing, 2007
Successful Statistics For Nursing and Healthcare helps students to develop an understanding of st... more Successful Statistics For Nursing and Healthcare helps students to develop an understanding of statistical methods within the evidence-based health care context, focusing on problems faced by nurses and other health professionals. It builds readers' confidence in descriptive statistics, concentrating on appropriate statistical tools and the techniques used in research. The authors have a light touch when dealing with the subject's mathematical underpinning, and the result is an accessible text that will be essential for all pre- ...
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Journal of Clinical Nursing, 2004
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Journal of Clinical Nursing, 2008
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JOURNAL OF GENDER STUDIES, 2004
In this book Ruth Lister discusses women’s participation in politics at both formal and informal ... more In this book Ruth Lister discusses women’s participation in politics at both formal and informal levels. She addresses questions of equality and difference suggesting that they are, in reality, a false dichotomy. She acknowledges that women do not form a homogenous entity but that different groups of women have different perceptions and responsibilities in respect of citizenship. These differences inform her consider- ation of issues of globalization and citizenship. The dilemma of migrants’ citizenship in relation to their ‘host’ and ‘home’ countries is examined from the point of view of both the individual and the state. Lister suggests incidents such as September 11 and the new notion of the ‘War on Terror’ have an important impact on the concept of globalization, and that consequently feminist perspectives on globalization need to be reconsidered.
A key focus of this text is the public–private division and its implications for women on citizenship, in both historical and current cultural contexts. Lister outlines several debates around concepts of care and citizenship from a feminist perspective. She relates women’s exclusion from citizenship to the gendered perceptions of roles in public and private spheres and argues that the route to refashion citizenship within a feminist framework is through rejection of the binary thinking that creates such dichotomies. She calls for policies designed to shift the embedded distribution of care responsibilities and a new emphasis on the importance of understanding and appreciating the value and significance of social citizenship.
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Ethnic and Racial Studies, 2013
Harald Bauder cleverly argues the contradictory position a nation may take towards immigration to... more Harald Bauder cleverly argues the contradictory position a nation may take towards immigration to construct a positive self-image of own. Such theme of otherness takes an important position in immigration debates despite clear recognition of migrants’ vital role within the economy or as a source of expansion and replenishment. Bauder explores the intriguing dialectic narrative migrants are presented in the media and within the wider immigration debate as part of a long process establishing concepts of ‘nationhood’ in Canada and Germany and examines the extent of migrants are allowed to constitute ‘which’ part of such nationhood.
In the first part of the book, Bauder discusses the immigration and identity formation process for settler and historically non-immigration communities. He explores the role of dialectical principle in the formation of a collective national identity, reflecting on the position of Canada and Germany at a different position within a spectrum of an imaginary ‘immigration country’. Bauder pays special attention to the role of media in such process, distinguishing that of visual and printed media as autonomous tools that have their own microcosms’ laws, usually serving the elites of society. He provides several interesting examples of the common practice of printed media in presenting ‘contradicting and opposing’ views while debating and portraying migrants and their role. He then introduces the immigration debate in Canada and Germany within their particular historical, political and cultural contexts. Bauder scrutinizes the underlying arguments within immigration policy debates in the settler community of Canada and that of ‘ethnic nation’ as in Germany. While there appears certain differences there are clear commonalities.
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Journal of Advanced Nursing, 2007
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Nurse Education Today, 2007
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Population ageing is a phenomenon affecting the whole world. The countries that make up the Gulf ... more Population ageing is a phenomenon affecting the whole world. The countries that make up the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) are no exception but transitions in population ageing are still in the early stages of the process. With current demographic dividends experienced by the GCC and the rest of the Middle-East, the pace of population ageing will be faster than that experienced by many European countries. The purpose of this paper is to explore the population ageing experience of different GCC countries while situating this within a context of social policies that still at the very early stages of acknowledging such change. We utilise data from sources such as the United Nations and the World Bank, complemented by policy analysis of current age-related social security measures in the GCC. Given the importance of the family aged care system in the region, we consider the implications of changes in family structures, living conditions, and care needs for the elderly. The findings confirm the declining trend in fertility combined with increased life expectancy in all the six GCC countries. However, they highlight that social policy measures focused on the older generations and their care needs are still relatively at the early stages of each country's Ageing Int
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Health & Social Care in the Community, 2009
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The Journal of Adult Protection, 2014
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London: Social Care Workforce Research Unit, King's College London, Jul 1, 2008
Since July 2004, employers of social care staff working with vulnerable adults in settings that a... more Since July 2004, employers of social care staff working with vulnerable adults in settings that are registered with the relevant social care inspectorates in England and Wales have been required to refer workers (and volunteers) dismissed for misconduct that harmed vulnerable adults or placed them at risk of harm, to the Protection of Vulnerable adults (POVA) list. Employers are also required to check the list before employing people to work with vulnerable adults. The POVA list is unique to England and Wales. It does not apply to ...
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Child & Family Social Work, 2013
ABSTRACT Providing more consistent and continuous relationships for looked- after children and ca... more ABSTRACT Providing more consistent and continuous relationships for looked- after children and care leavers is a current preoccupation in social work in light of many criticisms of the quality of such relationships. Recommendations for more direct work have spurred new models of service delivery in children’s services aimed at improving individual outcomes. Independent Social Work Practices (SWPs), a new organizational model piloted in some areas of England between 2009 and 2012, were established to enable social workers and other prac- titioners to spend more time in direct work and thus to improve the practitioner/child/young person relationship. This paper uses findings from interviews with 169 children and young people across 11 local authorities and 5 SWPs, undertaken as part of a 3-year national matched control evaluation of pilot SWPs, to identify key elements of good quality practitioner relationships with children or young people. Focusing on children’s and young people’s perspectives and experi- ences, the study demonstrates that more direct work and consistent relationships are valued. The paper deploys Recognition Theory to further understanding of effective practice as defined by children and young people.
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Social Work Practices (SWPs) have generated considerable comment and debate in England since thei... more Social Work Practices (SWPs) have generated considerable comment and debate in England since their inception; this report is the first full evaluation of their implementation and impact covering the period December 2009 to March 2012. This introduction describes the background to the introduction of the pilot SWPs in England in 2009/10; outlines their key characteristics and describes the evaluation‟ s aims and methods. The coverage of this report is identified for the reader.
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