Rajkumar Kalyan | King George's Medical University (original) (raw)
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Papers by Rajkumar Kalyan
Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2022
Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important bacterial pathogens in clinical pr... more Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important bacterial pathogens in clinical practice and a primary diagnostic focus for the routine microbiology laboratory. The aim of this study was to find out the phenotypic and genotypic variations in Staphylococcus aureus isolates at a tertiary care center in Lucknow. Methods: 140 clinical isolates of S. aureus were taken in the study. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was performed to identify antibiotic susceptibility testing, phenotypically methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were identified by using cefoxitin disc (30 μg), and inducible clindamycin resistance was identified by the presence of D-shaped zone around clindamycin and by using conventional PCR method mecA and ermA genes were identified. Results: Out of 140 clinical isolates S. aureus, 93 (66.4%) were MRSA, and 47 (33.6%) were methicillinsensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Phenotype iMLSb was 41 (29.3%), cMLSb phenotype was 37 (26.4%), mecA gene was present in 84 (60%), and none of the samples showed ermA gene positivity. Conclusion: As we know, the presence of the mecA gene is the major evidence for the detection of MRSA isolates. Their presence in low numbers opens the door to search for other mechanisms that may compete with mecA gene in producing resistance phenomenon. The absence of ermA gene in strains S. aureus with iMLSb and cMLSb phenotypes concluded that some other erm gene is responsible for this MLS type of resistance. Due to the frequency of MRSA strains showing the iMLSb phenotype, the use of clindamycin in erythromycin-resistant strains cannot be recommended due to the high possibility of failure in treatment with this antibiotic.
Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS, 2019
Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) continue to present major health, social, and economic probl... more Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) continue to present major health, social, and economic problems worldwide, and their complications are the most important causes of morbidity and mortality for women, especially in developing countries. Interest in RTIs and their management has increased tremendously because the presence of a RTI in the sexual partner increases the risk of acquisition of HIV. The aim of this study is to know the prevalence of RTIs, its correlation with clinical features and associated risk factors in women of reproductive age group attending a tertiary care center in Lucknow. The present study was conducted on 318 women of the reproductive age group (18-45 years) attending the RTI/sexually transmitted infection clinic at our center; they were evaluated for the prevalence of following RTIs: Chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, and candidiasis; their correlation with clinical features and associated risk factors. The prevalence of re...
Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development, 2013
Introduction: Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) shows regional variations. Tho... more Introduction: Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) shows regional variations. Though a rising trend of prevalence of viral STIs is observed, syphilis still continues to be a commonly diagnosed infection. Aim: To find out the current status of syphilis at a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: A total 2,543 serum samples were received from out-patients department (OPD) during one year period from January 2011 to December 2011. All serum samples were subjected to Venereal Diseases Research Laboratory (VDRL) testing. Treponema Pallidum Hemagglutination Assay (TPHA) was performed on VDRL reactive samples. Observations: Out of 2,543 serum samples screened for syphilis by the VDRL test, 472 (18.5%) samples were found reactive, out of these 78(3.06%) were TPHA positive. Among males the samples from patients of 0-20 years, 20-40 years and above 40 years were 54 (4.3%), 1028 (82.4%) and 165 (13.2%) respectively, whereas among females for the same age groups the dist...
Introduction: In India, RTIs/STIs are an important cause of morbidity and mortality among women, ... more Introduction: In India, RTIs/STIs are an important cause of morbidity and mortality among women, especially those with poor access to appropriate health facilities. In our country, many community based studies have been conducted so far to determine prevalence of RTI/STIs utilizing syndromic approach but limited data is available based on laboratory assisted/ etiological approach. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of RTI/STIs among women of reproductive age group utilizing laboratory assisted approach and to evaluate various socio-demographic determinants indicating vulnerability to them. Material & Methods: It was a hospital based prospective observational study conducted in King George’s Medical University, Lucknow from July 2015 to August 2016 and the study protocol was approved by Institutional Ethics Committee. Women with complaints suggestive of RTIs/STIs attending or referred to STI Clinic in King George’s medical University, Lucknow were enrolled. ...
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, Sep 1, 2014
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Background: Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) continue to present major health, social and eco... more Background: Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) continue to present major health, social and economic problems all over the world and their complications are the most important causes of morbidity and mortality for women especially in the developing countries. Interest in RTIs and their management has increased tremendously because presence of a RTI in the sexual partner increases the risk of acquisition of HIV. Aim was to evaluate the risk factors in women attending a sexually transmitted infection clinic at a tertiary care centre and prevalence of RTI in our setup.Methods: The present study was conducted on 318 women of reproductive age group (18-45 years) attending the Reproductive tract infection/ sexually transmitted infection (RTI/STI) clinic at our tertiary care centre, they were evaluated for the prevalence of following RTIs: chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis and candidiasis; and their correlation with clinical features and associated risk...
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases, Mar 1, 2009
Enterococci, a family of important opportunistic pathogens, exhibits intrinsic resistance to a nu... more Enterococci, a family of important opportunistic pathogens, exhibits intrinsic resistance to a number of antimicrobial agents in addition to acquired multidrug resistance. The present study was conducted to determine whether enterococci at a tertiary care hospital in India exhibit high-level aminoglycoside resistance and beta-lactamase production. Enterococci were isolated from various clinical specimens and identified phenotypically. High-level resistance (HLR) to gentamicin, kanamycin, and streptomycin was determined by disc diffusion tests. Beta-lactamase production was detected using three methods: iodometric, acidometric, and chromogenic beta-lactamase assays. Among the 86 enterococci isolated, 34 were found to have HLR to one or more aminoglycosides; HLR to kanamycin was most common. Vancomycin resistance was present in four of the isolates. Only one enterococcus produced beta-lactamase, and it was sensitive to ampicillin on routine disc diffusion testing. Beta-lactamase production among enterococci, though not very common, may be missed on routine susceptibility testing. Frequent occurrence of HLR to kanamycin makes amikacin a poor choice for inclusion in combination therapy with cell wall-active agents.
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2009
Japanese journal of infectious diseases
Enterococci, a family of important opportunistic pathogens, exhibits intrinsic resistance to a nu... more Enterococci, a family of important opportunistic pathogens, exhibits intrinsic resistance to a number of antimicrobial agents in addition to acquired multidrug resistance. The present study was conducted to determine whether enterococci at a tertiary care hospital in India exhibit high-level aminoglycoside resistance and beta-lactamase production. Enterococci were isolated from various clinical specimens and identified phenotypically. High-level resistance (HLR) to gentamicin, kanamycin, and streptomycin was determined by disc diffusion tests. Beta-lactamase production was detected using three methods: iodometric, acidometric, and chromogenic beta-lactamase assays. Among the 86 enterococci isolated, 34 were found to have HLR to one or more aminoglycosides; HLR to kanamycin was most common. Vancomycin resistance was present in four of the isolates. Only one enterococcus produced beta-lactamase, and it was sensitive to ampicillin on routine disc diffusion testing. Beta-lactamase produ...
International journal of pharma and bio sciences, 2013
Resistant enterococci is a real threat and continuous surveillance is necessary to monitor its ma... more Resistant enterococci is a real threat and continuous surveillance is necessary to monitor its magnitude. Risk factors and phenotypic characteristics of VRE isolated in Gandhi memorial and associated hospital, K.G’s .Medical University Lucknow a tertiary care setup. Method: Enterococci were isolated from various clinical specimens and identified phenotypically, vancomycin resistance pattern using both disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration methods. High level resistance (HLR) to streptomycin, kanamycin, and gentamicin was determined and beta lactamase production was detected using three methods: Acidometric, iodometric and chromogenic beta lactams. Results: Amongst 86 enterococci isolated 4 isolates were resistant to vancomycin but sensitive to teicoplanin, 34 were found to have high level resistance (HLR) to some aminoglycosides. HLR was more to kanamycin than streptomycin and gentamicin. Only 1 isolate produced beta lactamase. Conclusion: Frequency of isolation of VRE...
Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2022
Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important bacterial pathogens in clinical pr... more Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important bacterial pathogens in clinical practice and a primary diagnostic focus for the routine microbiology laboratory. The aim of this study was to find out the phenotypic and genotypic variations in Staphylococcus aureus isolates at a tertiary care center in Lucknow. Methods: 140 clinical isolates of S. aureus were taken in the study. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was performed to identify antibiotic susceptibility testing, phenotypically methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were identified by using cefoxitin disc (30 μg), and inducible clindamycin resistance was identified by the presence of D-shaped zone around clindamycin and by using conventional PCR method mecA and ermA genes were identified. Results: Out of 140 clinical isolates S. aureus, 93 (66.4%) were MRSA, and 47 (33.6%) were methicillinsensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Phenotype iMLSb was 41 (29.3%), cMLSb phenotype was 37 (26.4%), mecA gene was present in 84 (60%), and none of the samples showed ermA gene positivity. Conclusion: As we know, the presence of the mecA gene is the major evidence for the detection of MRSA isolates. Their presence in low numbers opens the door to search for other mechanisms that may compete with mecA gene in producing resistance phenomenon. The absence of ermA gene in strains S. aureus with iMLSb and cMLSb phenotypes concluded that some other erm gene is responsible for this MLS type of resistance. Due to the frequency of MRSA strains showing the iMLSb phenotype, the use of clindamycin in erythromycin-resistant strains cannot be recommended due to the high possibility of failure in treatment with this antibiotic.
Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS, 2019
Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) continue to present major health, social, and economic probl... more Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) continue to present major health, social, and economic problems worldwide, and their complications are the most important causes of morbidity and mortality for women, especially in developing countries. Interest in RTIs and their management has increased tremendously because the presence of a RTI in the sexual partner increases the risk of acquisition of HIV. The aim of this study is to know the prevalence of RTIs, its correlation with clinical features and associated risk factors in women of reproductive age group attending a tertiary care center in Lucknow. The present study was conducted on 318 women of the reproductive age group (18-45 years) attending the RTI/sexually transmitted infection clinic at our center; they were evaluated for the prevalence of following RTIs: Chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, and candidiasis; their correlation with clinical features and associated risk factors. The prevalence of re...
Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development, 2013
Introduction: Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) shows regional variations. Tho... more Introduction: Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) shows regional variations. Though a rising trend of prevalence of viral STIs is observed, syphilis still continues to be a commonly diagnosed infection. Aim: To find out the current status of syphilis at a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: A total 2,543 serum samples were received from out-patients department (OPD) during one year period from January 2011 to December 2011. All serum samples were subjected to Venereal Diseases Research Laboratory (VDRL) testing. Treponema Pallidum Hemagglutination Assay (TPHA) was performed on VDRL reactive samples. Observations: Out of 2,543 serum samples screened for syphilis by the VDRL test, 472 (18.5%) samples were found reactive, out of these 78(3.06%) were TPHA positive. Among males the samples from patients of 0-20 years, 20-40 years and above 40 years were 54 (4.3%), 1028 (82.4%) and 165 (13.2%) respectively, whereas among females for the same age groups the dist...
Introduction: In India, RTIs/STIs are an important cause of morbidity and mortality among women, ... more Introduction: In India, RTIs/STIs are an important cause of morbidity and mortality among women, especially those with poor access to appropriate health facilities. In our country, many community based studies have been conducted so far to determine prevalence of RTI/STIs utilizing syndromic approach but limited data is available based on laboratory assisted/ etiological approach. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of RTI/STIs among women of reproductive age group utilizing laboratory assisted approach and to evaluate various socio-demographic determinants indicating vulnerability to them. Material & Methods: It was a hospital based prospective observational study conducted in King George’s Medical University, Lucknow from July 2015 to August 2016 and the study protocol was approved by Institutional Ethics Committee. Women with complaints suggestive of RTIs/STIs attending or referred to STI Clinic in King George’s medical University, Lucknow were enrolled. ...
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, Sep 1, 2014
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Background: Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) continue to present major health, social and eco... more Background: Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) continue to present major health, social and economic problems all over the world and their complications are the most important causes of morbidity and mortality for women especially in the developing countries. Interest in RTIs and their management has increased tremendously because presence of a RTI in the sexual partner increases the risk of acquisition of HIV. Aim was to evaluate the risk factors in women attending a sexually transmitted infection clinic at a tertiary care centre and prevalence of RTI in our setup.Methods: The present study was conducted on 318 women of reproductive age group (18-45 years) attending the Reproductive tract infection/ sexually transmitted infection (RTI/STI) clinic at our tertiary care centre, they were evaluated for the prevalence of following RTIs: chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis and candidiasis; and their correlation with clinical features and associated risk...
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases, Mar 1, 2009
Enterococci, a family of important opportunistic pathogens, exhibits intrinsic resistance to a nu... more Enterococci, a family of important opportunistic pathogens, exhibits intrinsic resistance to a number of antimicrobial agents in addition to acquired multidrug resistance. The present study was conducted to determine whether enterococci at a tertiary care hospital in India exhibit high-level aminoglycoside resistance and beta-lactamase production. Enterococci were isolated from various clinical specimens and identified phenotypically. High-level resistance (HLR) to gentamicin, kanamycin, and streptomycin was determined by disc diffusion tests. Beta-lactamase production was detected using three methods: iodometric, acidometric, and chromogenic beta-lactamase assays. Among the 86 enterococci isolated, 34 were found to have HLR to one or more aminoglycosides; HLR to kanamycin was most common. Vancomycin resistance was present in four of the isolates. Only one enterococcus produced beta-lactamase, and it was sensitive to ampicillin on routine disc diffusion testing. Beta-lactamase production among enterococci, though not very common, may be missed on routine susceptibility testing. Frequent occurrence of HLR to kanamycin makes amikacin a poor choice for inclusion in combination therapy with cell wall-active agents.
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2009
Japanese journal of infectious diseases
Enterococci, a family of important opportunistic pathogens, exhibits intrinsic resistance to a nu... more Enterococci, a family of important opportunistic pathogens, exhibits intrinsic resistance to a number of antimicrobial agents in addition to acquired multidrug resistance. The present study was conducted to determine whether enterococci at a tertiary care hospital in India exhibit high-level aminoglycoside resistance and beta-lactamase production. Enterococci were isolated from various clinical specimens and identified phenotypically. High-level resistance (HLR) to gentamicin, kanamycin, and streptomycin was determined by disc diffusion tests. Beta-lactamase production was detected using three methods: iodometric, acidometric, and chromogenic beta-lactamase assays. Among the 86 enterococci isolated, 34 were found to have HLR to one or more aminoglycosides; HLR to kanamycin was most common. Vancomycin resistance was present in four of the isolates. Only one enterococcus produced beta-lactamase, and it was sensitive to ampicillin on routine disc diffusion testing. Beta-lactamase produ...
International journal of pharma and bio sciences, 2013
Resistant enterococci is a real threat and continuous surveillance is necessary to monitor its ma... more Resistant enterococci is a real threat and continuous surveillance is necessary to monitor its magnitude. Risk factors and phenotypic characteristics of VRE isolated in Gandhi memorial and associated hospital, K.G’s .Medical University Lucknow a tertiary care setup. Method: Enterococci were isolated from various clinical specimens and identified phenotypically, vancomycin resistance pattern using both disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration methods. High level resistance (HLR) to streptomycin, kanamycin, and gentamicin was determined and beta lactamase production was detected using three methods: Acidometric, iodometric and chromogenic beta lactams. Results: Amongst 86 enterococci isolated 4 isolates were resistant to vancomycin but sensitive to teicoplanin, 34 were found to have high level resistance (HLR) to some aminoglycosides. HLR was more to kanamycin than streptomycin and gentamicin. Only 1 isolate produced beta lactamase. Conclusion: Frequency of isolation of VRE...