Tomislav Vladic | Karolinska Institutet (original) (raw)

Papershttps://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/8/5/272 by Tomislav Vladic

Progesterone Gel and Placebo Prolonged Pregnancy More Effectively Than Intravenous Tocolysis Alone in Women with Preterm Labor, 2022

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Introduction The aim was to evaluate the effect of maintenance treatment with progesterone gel co... more Introduction The aim was to evaluate the effect of maintenance treatment with progesterone gel compared to the gel base in delaying preterm birth among women with spontaneous preterm labor. Materials and Methods A randomized controlled trial in Sweden in 2009 − 18. Women with spontaneous preterm labor were randomized to daily progesterone gel 90 mg (n = 29) or gel base doses (n = 29) after intravenous tocolysis. Results The latency to delivery was 58 ± 34 days with progesterone gel and 64 ± 51 days with gel base (p = 0.83), compared to 2 days after intravenous tocolysis alone (both p < 0.001). The rate of preterm birth before 34 weeks was 34 % after progesterone gel and 38 % after gel base (p = 0.34). The composite neonatal morbidity (p = 0.65) and neonatal intensive care unit admission (p = 0.12) did not differ between the groups. Conclusion Preterm birth was delayed more effectively after both progesterone and gel base compared to intravenous tocoylsis alone, suggesting an effe...

SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010

Salmonid males have developed altemative reproductive strategies (genetically based life history ... more Salmonid males have developed altemative reproductive strategies (genetically based life history programmes that affect an individual 's allocation o f resources to reproduction) as a means to achieve successful reproduction in unpredictable environments. For exarnple, anadromous males undertake migrations to the resource-rich ocean, and precociously mature parr, who mature sexually in the nascent river with comparatively few resources available for growth (THORPE et al. 1998). These strategies are not exclusively genetically deterrnined, but rather phenotypically plastic, since additive genetic and environmental effects and growth conditions are implicated in the process of salmonid sexual maturation (BOHLIN et al. 1994, GARANT et al. 2003). Mating strategies in the brown trout (Sa/mo trutta, L.) are conditional and are influenced by the arnount offood available to juveniles, which deterrnines individual growth rates (ALM 1959, BOHLIN et al. 1994, HUTCHINGS & MYERS 1994, THORPE et al. 1998). Slower growth rate, caused by access to fewer resources, leads to the need for migration, with a consequence of delayed sexual maturation (BERGLUND 1992). Such conditional mating strategies favour fast-growing and early maturing males to adopt a sneaking spawning behaviour. An optimal energy allocation strategy for ensuring reproductive success of a given male depends on its condition (GROSS 1996) and on the information available to competing males (MAYNARD SMITH 1982, HACCOU & IWASA 1995). Parr and adult males commonly participate in the spawning of a single female, with the consequence that sperrn competition between these reproductive phenotypes regularly occurs. Because access to a female's redd yields the greatest reproductive success in salmonids, an intensive selection of male body size occurs (GRoss 1985, FLEMING & GRoss 1994). Adult males that delay sexual maturation are older and significantly bigger than parr males due to greater arnount of resources in oceanic habitat as compared to the ecological conditions in the freshwater habitat. These older males possess a long nose and kype, which are used to fight for spawning areas (FLEMING & GRoss 1994), and have an adipose fin, which functions as a badge to attract females (JÃRVI 1990). Adult males are dominant over parr males and guard the female on spawning grounds.

SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010

The period of time over which salmonid sperm remain mobile provides a reflection of sperm quality... more The period of time over which salmonid sperm remain mobile provides a reflection of sperm quality (GINSBURG 1972, AAs et al. 1991), which is crucial for successful fertilization of the eggs in the hypoosmotic environment where spawning takes place. Sperrri quality is influenced both by the environment in which spermatozoa are ejaculated and by the condition of the male producing the ejaculate. Since metabolic rate is exponentially correlated with temperature for exothermic organisms (e.g. }OBLING 1994), fish sperm motility is expected to be exponentially influenced by water temperature (LINDROTH 1947).

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 2016

To compare the efficacy and safety of oral prostaglandin (PG) in solution versus vaginal PG gel f... more To compare the efficacy and safety of oral prostaglandin (PG) in solution versus vaginal PG gel for labor induction. A retrospective study. Data from original obstetric records at a university hospital in Sweden 2012-2013. In all women, oral PG resulted in vaginal birth (VB) &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 24 h in 66% compared to 80% with vaginal PG (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001), and cesarean section (CS) in 19% versus 32% (p = 0.02). In primiparous women, oral PG was followed by VB &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;24 h in 54% compared to 71% (p = 0.01), and CS in 25% versus 41% (p = 0.03). In women with an unripe cervix, oral PG lead to VB &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;24 h in 66% compared to 79% (p = 0.01), and CS in 21% versus 33% (p = 0.04). Despite a longer induction to vaginal delivery interval with oral PG, the rates of obstetric bleeding, chorioamnionitis, and neonatal asphyxia were not increased. Oral PG in solution was less effective than vaginal PG gel in achieving VB &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;24 h. However, oral PG was safer, since it resulted in fewer CSs without increasing maternal morbidity or neonatal asphyxia.

Endocrinology & metabolic syndrome, Oct 21, 2014

Endocrinol Metab Synd 2014, 3:2 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-1017.S1.005

Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2015

Objective: To compare labor induction with transcervical catheter to oral misoprostol treatment i... more Objective: To compare labor induction with transcervical catheter to oral misoprostol treatment in primiparous women and women with an unripe cervix, who are at high risk for unsuccessful labor induction. Study Design: A retrospective study was carried out in a university hospital in Sweden. Primary outcomes were vaginal birth within 24 hours and the cesarean section rate. Secondary outcomes were the induction to vaginal delivery interval, chorioamnionitis and neonatal asphyxia. Results: Vaginal birth within 24 hours was obtained more frequently after catheter compared with misoprostol in primiparous women (p < 0.001) and women with Bishop scores 3-4 (p < 0.001), but not in women with Bishop scores 0-2 (p = 0.07). The cesarean section rates were comparable in all groups (p > 0.05). The induction to vaginal delivery interval was 8-12 hours shorter after catheter (p < 0.001). The rates of chorioamnionitis and newborns with an Apgar score < 7 at 5 min were comparable (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Labor induction with transcervical catheter resulted in a higher rate of vaginal birth within 24 hours and an 8-12 hour shorter induction to vaginal delivery interval compared to treatment with oral misoprostol. This was obtained without increasing the rates of cesarean section, chorioamnionitis or neonatal asphyxia.

Aquaculture

The maintenance of brood stock in appropriate conditions is an important requirement for the prod... more The maintenance of brood stock in appropriate conditions is an important requirement for the production of high quality offspring. In this study, we investigated fertility of the two life history forms of Atlantic salmon males, precocious parr, brought up in breeding tanks in the hatchery and anadromous, migratory sea-ranched males, caught when returning to the home river. The sperm quality was assessed by experiments between equal amount of sperm from one adult and one parr male in competition to fertilize eggs of a single female. The paternity was determined by a microsatellite analysis. Parr males achieved greater reproductive success than anadromous males under competition, and anadromous adults had greater fertility in controls as compared to the sperm competition situation. In total, parr males achieved 3.6 times greater fertilization success than anadromous males. Sperm ATP content contributed significantly to male fertility. Our results provide evidence that ejaculates of pr...

Introduction: Sperm morphology is correlated with fertilization rates; thus sperm length correlat... more Introduction: Sperm morphology is correlated with fertilization rates; thus sperm length correlates with increased cell motility. In virtually all animal spermatozoa through the entire length of the principal piece proceeds a flagellar microtubular complex, known as axoneme, containing only the central pair of microtubules in the tip of the sperm principal part, which stabilizes sperm swimming behavior. A swim-up technique is used in andrology clinics to separate mobile from sub-fertile spermatozoa from patients undergoing in-vitro fertilization treatment. The hypothesis tested was that swim-up spermatozoa will be longer, having a longer mid-piece (containing mitochondria performing oxidative phosphorylation), and longer tail tips as compared to untreated cells from the same patient. Methods: Sperm morphological traits are presented as a mean of two observations. After ejaculate liquefication at 37° C, sperm motility was assessed in duplicates on slides using a phase-contrast micros...

Part I: Gamete Quality Introduction Gamete physiology, fertilization and egg activation Part II: ... more Part I: Gamete Quality Introduction Gamete physiology, fertilization and egg activation Part II: It Is Traits That Rule, Genes Only Follow in Their Wake Life history Part III Behavior Part IV Genetics and conservation Part V Molecular techniques Evolution and speciation Conclusions and future perspectives Glossary References

Frontiers in Marine Science, 2014

ABSTRACT Individual energetic limitations in variable environments lead to life-history trade-off... more ABSTRACT Individual energetic limitations in variable environments lead to life-history trade-offs between investment in somatic growth and gonadal tissue, causing individuals to adopt specific behavioural tactics to attain reproduction. We investigated energy allocation in primary and secondary sexual traits in Atlantic salmon by estimating the life history characters (smolt size, sea age, first sea year growth rate) by back-calculation of scales. Adult size increased with the fish sea age (years at sea) and exerted a strong allometric effect on the energy investment pattern into secondary sexual traits. A compensatory mechanism at the ejaculate level is identified by which males investing less in secondary sexual traits produce ejaculates of higher quality. Distinct differences in investment into primary and secondary sexual traits between the fish that spent a single year in the sea before returning to the spawn (grilse) and multi-sea-year adults were detected, indicating that their energy allocation strategy in reproductive effort reflects alternative developmental pathways. Grilse ejaculate investment depended more on the resource allocation, whereas multi-sea-year male ejaculate investment depended more on the resource acquisition.

Recent Advances in Fish Farms, 2011

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2001

Journal of Fish Biology, 1997

The effect of water temperature on the duration of sperm motility, the time lapse after activatio... more The effect of water temperature on the duration of sperm motility, the time lapse after activation by fresh water and the fertility of eggs was studied in Atlantic salmon and brown trout. Eggs of both species were fully fertile in fresh water after 512 s. No interspecific differences were noted in egg fertility at the lower water temperatures, but the brown trout eggs showed a higher resistance to high temperatures, indicating a better physiological thermotolerance. A highly significant effect of temperature on the overall duration of sperm motility was found, with a marked peak at 3-4 C for salmon and a weaker one for trout. After freshwater activation the eggs of both species remained fertile for a longer time than the sperm were mobile.

Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E, Jan 23, 2009

Treatment with prostaglandin(PG)-E2 is clinically efficient for cervical priming. The aim of this... more Treatment with prostaglandin(PG)-E2 is clinically efficient for cervical priming. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of PG-E2 on the expression of the progesterone (PR), androgen (AR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptors in human uterine cervix in prolonged pregnancy. The study groups were postterm nulliparous women with unripe cervices undergoing cervical priming with PG-E2 before labor induction. Responders (n = 12) who delivered vaginally were compared with non-responders (n = 10), who underwent cesarean section due to failure to progress to the active phase of labor. Controls (n = 18) with vaginal partus at a normal gestational age served as a reference group. Cervical levels of PR-A and PR- B isoforms, AR and GR, serum levels of their ligands and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were quantified. The responder group displayed lower total PR-AB and AR protein levels as compared to non-responders, and lower PR-B and AR protein levels as compared to controls. In addit...

Canadian Journal of Zoology, 2012

The swim-up technique is a clinical practice used to select highly motile sperm cells from patien... more The swim-up technique is a clinical practice used to select highly motile sperm cells from patient ejaculates to use in assisted fertilization. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the length of different sperm-cell components is related to gamete function. Thus, we explored whether swim-up technique selects for longer sperm cells than mean sperm cells from unprocessed ejaculates. Sperm midpiece, tail endpiece, and total length were measured before and after the swim-up selection by means of contrast-phase and electron microscopy. Correlations between sperm dimensions, sperm motility, and sperm concentration were also investigated. Swim-up selected cells with longer midpiece compared with the unprocessed fractions (5.8 μm (CI 5.52–6.16 μm) vs. 5.3 μm (CI 4.97–5.61 μm), p < 0.05) and shorter tail endpiece (7.8 μm (CI 7.11–8.44 μm) vs. 8.5 μm (CI 7.81–9.14 μm), p < 0.05 after meta-analysis), whereas no effect of swim-up selection was detected on the total sperm cell ...

Biology of Reproduction, 2002

Aquaculture, 2010

The maintenance of brood stock in appropriate conditions is an important requirement for the prod... more The maintenance of brood stock in appropriate conditions is an important requirement for the production of high quality offspring. In this study, we investigated fertility of the two life history forms of Atlantic salmon males, precocious parr, brought up in breeding tanks in the hatchery and anadromous, migratory searanched males, caught when returning to the home river. The sperm quality was assessed by experiments between equal amount of sperm from one adult and one parr male in competition to fertilize eggs of a single female. The paternity was determined by a microsatellite analysis. Parr males achieved greater reproductive success than anadromous males under competition, and anadromous adults had greater fertility in controls as compared to the sperm competition situation. In total, parr males achieved 3.6 times greater fertilization success than anadromous males. Sperm ATP content contributed significantly to male fertility. Our results provide evidence that ejaculates of precociously mature Atlantic salmon parr are of increased quality as an adaptation to high sperm competition intensity due to better maintenance in the fish farm than in the wild.

Introduction The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of maintenance treatment with vagin... more Introduction The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of maintenance treatment with vaginal progesterone gel compared to placebo in preventing preterm birth after the onset of preterm labor.Methods A randomised controlled trial in Sweden in 2009 − 18. Women with preterm labor were randomized to daily doses of progesterone gel 90 mg (n = 29) or placebo (n = 29) after standard treatment with intravenous tocolytics. Women with intravenous tocolytics alone served as controls.Results The latency to delivery was 58 ± 34 days with progesterone and 64 ± 51 days with placebo (p = 0.83), compared to 2 ± 2 days in the control group (progesterone and placebo vs control p < 0.001). The rate of preterm birth before 34 weeks was 34 % after progesterone and 38 % after placebo (p = 0.34) compared to 100 % in the control group (p < 0.001 respectively). The composite neonatal morbidity (p = 0.65) and neonatal intensive care unit admission (p = 0.12) were comparable between the progestero...

Progesterone Gel and Placebo Prolonged Pregnancy More Effectively Than Intravenous Tocolysis Alone in Women with Preterm Labor, 2022

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Introduction The aim was to evaluate the effect of maintenance treatment with progesterone gel co... more Introduction The aim was to evaluate the effect of maintenance treatment with progesterone gel compared to the gel base in delaying preterm birth among women with spontaneous preterm labor. Materials and Methods A randomized controlled trial in Sweden in 2009 − 18. Women with spontaneous preterm labor were randomized to daily progesterone gel 90 mg (n = 29) or gel base doses (n = 29) after intravenous tocolysis. Results The latency to delivery was 58 ± 34 days with progesterone gel and 64 ± 51 days with gel base (p = 0.83), compared to 2 days after intravenous tocolysis alone (both p < 0.001). The rate of preterm birth before 34 weeks was 34 % after progesterone gel and 38 % after gel base (p = 0.34). The composite neonatal morbidity (p = 0.65) and neonatal intensive care unit admission (p = 0.12) did not differ between the groups. Conclusion Preterm birth was delayed more effectively after both progesterone and gel base compared to intravenous tocoylsis alone, suggesting an effe...

SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010

Salmonid males have developed altemative reproductive strategies (genetically based life history ... more Salmonid males have developed altemative reproductive strategies (genetically based life history programmes that affect an individual 's allocation o f resources to reproduction) as a means to achieve successful reproduction in unpredictable environments. For exarnple, anadromous males undertake migrations to the resource-rich ocean, and precociously mature parr, who mature sexually in the nascent river with comparatively few resources available for growth (THORPE et al. 1998). These strategies are not exclusively genetically deterrnined, but rather phenotypically plastic, since additive genetic and environmental effects and growth conditions are implicated in the process of salmonid sexual maturation (BOHLIN et al. 1994, GARANT et al. 2003). Mating strategies in the brown trout (Sa/mo trutta, L.) are conditional and are influenced by the arnount offood available to juveniles, which deterrnines individual growth rates (ALM 1959, BOHLIN et al. 1994, HUTCHINGS & MYERS 1994, THORPE et al. 1998). Slower growth rate, caused by access to fewer resources, leads to the need for migration, with a consequence of delayed sexual maturation (BERGLUND 1992). Such conditional mating strategies favour fast-growing and early maturing males to adopt a sneaking spawning behaviour. An optimal energy allocation strategy for ensuring reproductive success of a given male depends on its condition (GROSS 1996) and on the information available to competing males (MAYNARD SMITH 1982, HACCOU & IWASA 1995). Parr and adult males commonly participate in the spawning of a single female, with the consequence that sperrn competition between these reproductive phenotypes regularly occurs. Because access to a female's redd yields the greatest reproductive success in salmonids, an intensive selection of male body size occurs (GRoss 1985, FLEMING & GRoss 1994). Adult males that delay sexual maturation are older and significantly bigger than parr males due to greater arnount of resources in oceanic habitat as compared to the ecological conditions in the freshwater habitat. These older males possess a long nose and kype, which are used to fight for spawning areas (FLEMING & GRoss 1994), and have an adipose fin, which functions as a badge to attract females (JÃRVI 1990). Adult males are dominant over parr males and guard the female on spawning grounds.

SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010

The period of time over which salmonid sperm remain mobile provides a reflection of sperm quality... more The period of time over which salmonid sperm remain mobile provides a reflection of sperm quality (GINSBURG 1972, AAs et al. 1991), which is crucial for successful fertilization of the eggs in the hypoosmotic environment where spawning takes place. Sperrri quality is influenced both by the environment in which spermatozoa are ejaculated and by the condition of the male producing the ejaculate. Since metabolic rate is exponentially correlated with temperature for exothermic organisms (e.g. }OBLING 1994), fish sperm motility is expected to be exponentially influenced by water temperature (LINDROTH 1947).

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 2016

To compare the efficacy and safety of oral prostaglandin (PG) in solution versus vaginal PG gel f... more To compare the efficacy and safety of oral prostaglandin (PG) in solution versus vaginal PG gel for labor induction. A retrospective study. Data from original obstetric records at a university hospital in Sweden 2012-2013. In all women, oral PG resulted in vaginal birth (VB) &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 24 h in 66% compared to 80% with vaginal PG (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001), and cesarean section (CS) in 19% versus 32% (p = 0.02). In primiparous women, oral PG was followed by VB &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;24 h in 54% compared to 71% (p = 0.01), and CS in 25% versus 41% (p = 0.03). In women with an unripe cervix, oral PG lead to VB &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;24 h in 66% compared to 79% (p = 0.01), and CS in 21% versus 33% (p = 0.04). Despite a longer induction to vaginal delivery interval with oral PG, the rates of obstetric bleeding, chorioamnionitis, and neonatal asphyxia were not increased. Oral PG in solution was less effective than vaginal PG gel in achieving VB &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;24 h. However, oral PG was safer, since it resulted in fewer CSs without increasing maternal morbidity or neonatal asphyxia.

Endocrinology & metabolic syndrome, Oct 21, 2014

Endocrinol Metab Synd 2014, 3:2 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-1017.S1.005

Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2015

Objective: To compare labor induction with transcervical catheter to oral misoprostol treatment i... more Objective: To compare labor induction with transcervical catheter to oral misoprostol treatment in primiparous women and women with an unripe cervix, who are at high risk for unsuccessful labor induction. Study Design: A retrospective study was carried out in a university hospital in Sweden. Primary outcomes were vaginal birth within 24 hours and the cesarean section rate. Secondary outcomes were the induction to vaginal delivery interval, chorioamnionitis and neonatal asphyxia. Results: Vaginal birth within 24 hours was obtained more frequently after catheter compared with misoprostol in primiparous women (p < 0.001) and women with Bishop scores 3-4 (p < 0.001), but not in women with Bishop scores 0-2 (p = 0.07). The cesarean section rates were comparable in all groups (p > 0.05). The induction to vaginal delivery interval was 8-12 hours shorter after catheter (p < 0.001). The rates of chorioamnionitis and newborns with an Apgar score < 7 at 5 min were comparable (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Labor induction with transcervical catheter resulted in a higher rate of vaginal birth within 24 hours and an 8-12 hour shorter induction to vaginal delivery interval compared to treatment with oral misoprostol. This was obtained without increasing the rates of cesarean section, chorioamnionitis or neonatal asphyxia.

Aquaculture

The maintenance of brood stock in appropriate conditions is an important requirement for the prod... more The maintenance of brood stock in appropriate conditions is an important requirement for the production of high quality offspring. In this study, we investigated fertility of the two life history forms of Atlantic salmon males, precocious parr, brought up in breeding tanks in the hatchery and anadromous, migratory sea-ranched males, caught when returning to the home river. The sperm quality was assessed by experiments between equal amount of sperm from one adult and one parr male in competition to fertilize eggs of a single female. The paternity was determined by a microsatellite analysis. Parr males achieved greater reproductive success than anadromous males under competition, and anadromous adults had greater fertility in controls as compared to the sperm competition situation. In total, parr males achieved 3.6 times greater fertilization success than anadromous males. Sperm ATP content contributed significantly to male fertility. Our results provide evidence that ejaculates of pr...

Introduction: Sperm morphology is correlated with fertilization rates; thus sperm length correlat... more Introduction: Sperm morphology is correlated with fertilization rates; thus sperm length correlates with increased cell motility. In virtually all animal spermatozoa through the entire length of the principal piece proceeds a flagellar microtubular complex, known as axoneme, containing only the central pair of microtubules in the tip of the sperm principal part, which stabilizes sperm swimming behavior. A swim-up technique is used in andrology clinics to separate mobile from sub-fertile spermatozoa from patients undergoing in-vitro fertilization treatment. The hypothesis tested was that swim-up spermatozoa will be longer, having a longer mid-piece (containing mitochondria performing oxidative phosphorylation), and longer tail tips as compared to untreated cells from the same patient. Methods: Sperm morphological traits are presented as a mean of two observations. After ejaculate liquefication at 37° C, sperm motility was assessed in duplicates on slides using a phase-contrast micros...

Part I: Gamete Quality Introduction Gamete physiology, fertilization and egg activation Part II: ... more Part I: Gamete Quality Introduction Gamete physiology, fertilization and egg activation Part II: It Is Traits That Rule, Genes Only Follow in Their Wake Life history Part III Behavior Part IV Genetics and conservation Part V Molecular techniques Evolution and speciation Conclusions and future perspectives Glossary References

Frontiers in Marine Science, 2014

ABSTRACT Individual energetic limitations in variable environments lead to life-history trade-off... more ABSTRACT Individual energetic limitations in variable environments lead to life-history trade-offs between investment in somatic growth and gonadal tissue, causing individuals to adopt specific behavioural tactics to attain reproduction. We investigated energy allocation in primary and secondary sexual traits in Atlantic salmon by estimating the life history characters (smolt size, sea age, first sea year growth rate) by back-calculation of scales. Adult size increased with the fish sea age (years at sea) and exerted a strong allometric effect on the energy investment pattern into secondary sexual traits. A compensatory mechanism at the ejaculate level is identified by which males investing less in secondary sexual traits produce ejaculates of higher quality. Distinct differences in investment into primary and secondary sexual traits between the fish that spent a single year in the sea before returning to the spawn (grilse) and multi-sea-year adults were detected, indicating that their energy allocation strategy in reproductive effort reflects alternative developmental pathways. Grilse ejaculate investment depended more on the resource allocation, whereas multi-sea-year male ejaculate investment depended more on the resource acquisition.

Recent Advances in Fish Farms, 2011

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2001

Journal of Fish Biology, 1997

The effect of water temperature on the duration of sperm motility, the time lapse after activatio... more The effect of water temperature on the duration of sperm motility, the time lapse after activation by fresh water and the fertility of eggs was studied in Atlantic salmon and brown trout. Eggs of both species were fully fertile in fresh water after 512 s. No interspecific differences were noted in egg fertility at the lower water temperatures, but the brown trout eggs showed a higher resistance to high temperatures, indicating a better physiological thermotolerance. A highly significant effect of temperature on the overall duration of sperm motility was found, with a marked peak at 3-4 C for salmon and a weaker one for trout. After freshwater activation the eggs of both species remained fertile for a longer time than the sperm were mobile.

Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E, Jan 23, 2009

Treatment with prostaglandin(PG)-E2 is clinically efficient for cervical priming. The aim of this... more Treatment with prostaglandin(PG)-E2 is clinically efficient for cervical priming. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of PG-E2 on the expression of the progesterone (PR), androgen (AR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptors in human uterine cervix in prolonged pregnancy. The study groups were postterm nulliparous women with unripe cervices undergoing cervical priming with PG-E2 before labor induction. Responders (n = 12) who delivered vaginally were compared with non-responders (n = 10), who underwent cesarean section due to failure to progress to the active phase of labor. Controls (n = 18) with vaginal partus at a normal gestational age served as a reference group. Cervical levels of PR-A and PR- B isoforms, AR and GR, serum levels of their ligands and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were quantified. The responder group displayed lower total PR-AB and AR protein levels as compared to non-responders, and lower PR-B and AR protein levels as compared to controls. In addit...

Canadian Journal of Zoology, 2012

The swim-up technique is a clinical practice used to select highly motile sperm cells from patien... more The swim-up technique is a clinical practice used to select highly motile sperm cells from patient ejaculates to use in assisted fertilization. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the length of different sperm-cell components is related to gamete function. Thus, we explored whether swim-up technique selects for longer sperm cells than mean sperm cells from unprocessed ejaculates. Sperm midpiece, tail endpiece, and total length were measured before and after the swim-up selection by means of contrast-phase and electron microscopy. Correlations between sperm dimensions, sperm motility, and sperm concentration were also investigated. Swim-up selected cells with longer midpiece compared with the unprocessed fractions (5.8 μm (CI 5.52–6.16 μm) vs. 5.3 μm (CI 4.97–5.61 μm), p < 0.05) and shorter tail endpiece (7.8 μm (CI 7.11–8.44 μm) vs. 8.5 μm (CI 7.81–9.14 μm), p < 0.05 after meta-analysis), whereas no effect of swim-up selection was detected on the total sperm cell ...

Biology of Reproduction, 2002

Aquaculture, 2010

The maintenance of brood stock in appropriate conditions is an important requirement for the prod... more The maintenance of brood stock in appropriate conditions is an important requirement for the production of high quality offspring. In this study, we investigated fertility of the two life history forms of Atlantic salmon males, precocious parr, brought up in breeding tanks in the hatchery and anadromous, migratory searanched males, caught when returning to the home river. The sperm quality was assessed by experiments between equal amount of sperm from one adult and one parr male in competition to fertilize eggs of a single female. The paternity was determined by a microsatellite analysis. Parr males achieved greater reproductive success than anadromous males under competition, and anadromous adults had greater fertility in controls as compared to the sperm competition situation. In total, parr males achieved 3.6 times greater fertilization success than anadromous males. Sperm ATP content contributed significantly to male fertility. Our results provide evidence that ejaculates of precociously mature Atlantic salmon parr are of increased quality as an adaptation to high sperm competition intensity due to better maintenance in the fish farm than in the wild.

Introduction The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of maintenance treatment with vagin... more Introduction The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of maintenance treatment with vaginal progesterone gel compared to placebo in preventing preterm birth after the onset of preterm labor.Methods A randomised controlled trial in Sweden in 2009 − 18. Women with preterm labor were randomized to daily doses of progesterone gel 90 mg (n = 29) or placebo (n = 29) after standard treatment with intravenous tocolytics. Women with intravenous tocolytics alone served as controls.Results The latency to delivery was 58 ± 34 days with progesterone and 64 ± 51 days with placebo (p = 0.83), compared to 2 ± 2 days in the control group (progesterone and placebo vs control p < 0.001). The rate of preterm birth before 34 weeks was 34 % after progesterone and 38 % after placebo (p = 0.34) compared to 100 % in the control group (p < 0.001 respectively). The composite neonatal morbidity (p = 0.65) and neonatal intensive care unit admission (p = 0.12) were comparable between the progestero...

Objective. To compare labor induction with oral prostaglandin-E1 treatment to vaginal prostagland... more Objective. To compare labor induction with oral prostaglandin-E1 treatment to vaginal prostaglandin-E2
gel in primiparous women and women with an unripe cervix.
Methods. The WHO International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 diagnoses and the obstetric records for all women who had labor induced with oral prostaglandin-E1 treatment (n=265) or vaginal prostaglandin-E2 gel (n=252) at the Department of Women ́s and Children ́s Health, Karolinska
University Hospital, Solna, Sweden during 2012 and 2013 were examined.
Results. In primiparous women, oral prostaglandin-E1 resulted in vaginal birth within 24 hours in 40.2% compared to 41.4% with vaginal prostaglandin-E2 (p < 0.001), whereas cesarean section was necessitated in 25.0% compared to 41.4% (p < 0.001). In women with Bishop score 0-2, oral prostaglandin-E1 resulted in vaginal birth within 24 hours in 42.7% compared to 46.1% with vaginal prostaglandin-E2 (p < 0.001), and cesarean section in 27.3% compared to 38.2% (p < 0.001). The
induction to vaginal delivery interval was 3-5 hours longer with oral prostaglandin-E1. The rates of obstetric bleeding > 1000 mL, chorioamnionitis, uterine hyperstimulation and neonatal Apgar score < 7 at 5 min were comparable with the two methods (p > 0.05).
Conclusions. Oral prostaglandin-E1 treatment was less efficacious than vaginal prostaglandin-E2 gel in achieving vaginal birth within 24 hours in primiparous women and women with an unripe cervix, and resulted in a 3-5 hours longer induction to vaginal delivery interval. However, oral prostaglandin-E1 was advantageous in terms of safety compared to vaginal prostaglandin-E2 gel in these subgroups, since this method resulted in fewer CS.

The long-term genetic consequences of supportive breeding programs are not well understood. Never... more The long-term genetic consequences of supportive breeding programs are not well understood. Nevertheless, stocking populations with hatchery-produced fish to compensate for losses of natural production are common practice, for example after constructions of hydroelectric power dams. Hatcheries typically fertilize eggs using ‘mixed-milt fertilizations’, without consideration to natural reproductive behaviours, and hence, natural selective regimes would be altered. Here, a series of experiments with focus on Mhc and mate choice in a population of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) with a history of long-term stocking are presented. The major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) constitutes of genes coding for antigen presentation in the vertebrate immune system. In addition to the immunological function, Mhc genes might also influence reproductive behaviours such as mate choice. For example, in some species individuals are able to recognize Mhc genotypes of potential mates and to some extent b...

Evolutionary Biology of the Atlantic Salmon, 2015

Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and brown trout, Salmo trutta L., exhibit alternative male matur... more Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and brown trout, Salmo trutta L., exhibit alternative male maturation phenotypes, anadromous and precociously mature parr, which commonly endure in sperm competitio ...

Gels

The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of progesterone gel compared to placebo in prolo... more The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of progesterone gel compared to placebo in prolonging pregnancy among women with preterm labor. Methods: A randomized controlled trial in Sweden in 2009–18. Women with early preterm labor were randomized to daily doses of progesterone gel 90 mg (n = 28) or placebo (n = 30) after standard intravenous tocolytics. Women with intravenous tocolytics alone (n = 29) served as controls. Results: The median latency to delivery was 68 (range 28–88) days with progesterone and 72 (range 9–90) days with placebo (p = 0.84), compared to 1 (range 1–2) day in the control group (progesterone and placebo vs. control p < 0.001). The rate of preterm birth before 34 weeks was 32% after progesterone and 37 % after placebo (p = 0.32) compared to 100 % in the control group (p < 0.001, respectively). The composite neonatal morbidity (p = 0.65) and neonatal intensive care unit admission (p = 0.12) were comparable between the progesterone and placebo group...