Ewa J O L A N T A Zender-Świercz | Kielce University of Technology (original) (raw)
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Papers by Ewa J O L A N T A Zender-Świercz
Środowisko, w którym przebywa człowiek powinno zapewniać odczuwanie komfortu. tzn. powinna być za... more Środowisko, w którym przebywa człowiek powinno zapewniać odczuwanie komfortu. tzn. powinna być zachowana równowa-ga pomiędzy ilością ciepła wytwarzanego w ciele człowieka a ilością ciepła traconego do otoczenia. Aby uzyskać taki stan powietrza w pomieszczeniach, stosuje się różne systemy wentylacji, klimatyzacji i ogrzewania. Układy te regulują parametry powietrza i utrzymują je na żądanym poziomie. Projektanci lokalizują elementy nawiewne instalacji klimatyzacji najczęściej w suficie w centralnej części pomieszczenia lub przy oknach bez uwzględniania specyfiki pomieszczenia. Jednak takie spoj-rzenie na instalację może przyczynić się do braku warunków komfortu cieplnego. Postrzeganie stanu powietrza jest bardzo subiektywnym wskaźnikiem zależnym od wielu zmiennych. W artykule podjęto próbę analizy wpływu rodzaju instalacji kli-matyzacji oraz rozmieszczenia elementów nawiewnych w pomieszczeniach o różnym przeznaczeniu.
The article presents the analysis of microclimate in rooms equipped with tiled fireplace with the... more The article presents the analysis of microclimate in rooms equipped with tiled fireplace with the function of accumulation of heat. Two research series, conducted in used premises, were presented.
Condensation is a problem in the roof space. The solution to this problem is an air-hole in the r... more Condensation is a problem in the roof space. The solution to this problem is an air-hole in the roofing. We can calculate the air temperature in the roof space with equations found in literature. The modified equations are presented in this article. They take the air-hole area into consideration.
Energies
The study contains an analysis of a decentralised unit installed in a building façade, where air ... more The study contains an analysis of a decentralised unit installed in a building façade, where air supply and exhaust cycles are swapped by proper positioning of dampers. The analysis was carried out in real conditions in an office building. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation is an important element of the system design, and has become more and more widely used. Simulation of the analysed unit has shown air stream distribution in a room. Moreover, it allowed for determination of indoor air temperature. Completed analysis and CFD simulations allow for the observation that façade ventilation systems provide a good way to improve the indoor microclimate, as they effectively reduce air pollution. The decentralised façade ventilation unit reduced the carbon dioxide concentration to a level lower than 1000 ppm and maintained the indoor air temperature in the range of 19.5–22 °C. The error for CFD simulation equals 0.5%, which is not much. The results of research and analysis ...
Energies
The purpose of the article was to present information on heat recovery in ventilation systems and... more The purpose of the article was to present information on heat recovery in ventilation systems and to highlight what has not been sufficiently researched in this regard. A lot of information can be found on methods and exchangers for heat recovery in centralized systems. Decentralized, façade systems for cyclical supply and exhaust air have not been sufficiently researched. It is known that these devices are sensitive to the influence of wind and temperature, hence heat recovery may be ineffective in their case. The literature describes the aspect of heat recovery depending on the location in climatic zones, depending on the number of degree days (HDD). Attention was also paid to the risk of freezing of heat recovery exchangers. The literature review also showed the lack of a universal method for assessing heat recovery exchangers and the method of their selection depending on the climate.
Atmosphere
Poor indoor air quality affects the health of the occupants of a given structure or building. It ... more Poor indoor air quality affects the health of the occupants of a given structure or building. It reduces the effectiveness of learning and work efficiency. Among many pollutants, PM 2.5 and 10 dusts are extremely important. They can be eliminated using mechanical ventilation equipped with filters. Façade ventilation devices are used as a way to improve indoor air quality (IAQ) in existing buildings. For their analysis, researchers used carbon dioxide as a tracer gas. They have shown that façade ventilation devices are an effective way to improve IAQ, but require further analysis due to the sensitivity of façade ventilation devices to the effects of wind and outdoor temperature. In addition, legal regulations in some countries require verification in order to enable the use of this type of solution as a way to improve IAQ in an era characterised by the effort to transform buildings into passive houses (standard for energy efficiency in a building).
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Oct 1, 2017
The fire of building is a threat to its users. The biggest threat is generation, during lifetime ... more The fire of building is a threat to its users. The biggest threat is generation, during lifetime of fire, hot gases and smoke. The purpose of quick and efficient evacuation from the area covered by the fire, at first step the escape routes have to be secured from smokiness. The smoke ventilation systems are used for this purpose. The proper design and execution of smoke ventilation is important not only because of the safety, but also of the maintenance of comfort in the building at a time when there is no fire. The manuscript presents the effect of incorrectly realized smoke ventilation in the stairwell of the medium building. The analysis shows that the flaps of smoke ventilation located in the stairwell may have a significant impact on the proper functioning of mechanical ventilation in the period when there is no fire. The improperly installed or incorrect insulated components cause perturbation of air flow and they change pressure distribution in the building. The conclusion of the analysis is the need to include the entire technical equipment of the building during the design and realization of its individual elements. The impact of various installations at each other is very important, and the omission of any of them can cause disturbances in the proper work of another.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Oct 1, 2017
Budownictwo i Architektura
The applicable legislation connected with the natural ventilation are ambiguous and sometimes con... more The applicable legislation connected with the natural ventilation are ambiguous and sometimes contradictory. This leads to serious problems with natural ventilation. In most cases malfunction of the natural ventilation is due to the insufficient stream of air from the outside. The research showed that the microclimate is influenced not only by the incoming air stream, but also by the layout of the air supply.
Journal of Building Engineering
Budownictwo i Architektura
The article presents the results of indoor air quality (IAQ) assessment in four local preschools.... more The article presents the results of indoor air quality (IAQ) assessment in four local preschools. The natural ventilation system was used in the buildings. Outdoor air was supplied to the premises through a leak in the external walls and air intakes were of maximum efficiency of 30 m3/h. Parameters describing IAQ were measured, such as: temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentration. Two series of studies were performed in each preschool. On the basis of the survey, it can be clearly stated that the indoor air quality in preschools is considered to be very low very low. All the analyzed parameters describing the quality do not meet the current legal requirements. Reported values of CO2 concentration exceeded three times the value set of the recommended maximum.
Atmosphere
Many building are characterized by insufficient air exchange, which may result in the symptoms of... more Many building are characterized by insufficient air exchange, which may result in the symptoms of sick building syndrome (SBS). A large number of existing buildings are equipped with natural ventilation, whose work is disturbed by activities going to energy-saving. The thermomodernization activities are about mounting new sealed windows and laying thermal isolation, which reduces the amount of infiltrating/exfiltrating air. In many cases, the mechanical ventilation cannot be used due to a lack of a place in building or architectural and construction requirements. One of the solutions to improve the indoor microclimate is the decentralized façade ventilation. In the article, the internal air parameters in an office room equipped with decentralized façade ventilation device were analyzed. The room was equipped with a decentralized façade unit, which cyclically supplied and removed air from the room. The time of the supply/exhaust was changed to 2 min, 4 min, and 10 min. The temperatur...
International Journal of Biometeorology
Mountain accident casualties are often exposed to cold and windy weather. This may induce post-tr... more Mountain accident casualties are often exposed to cold and windy weather. This may induce post-traumatic hypothermia which increases mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of warming systems to compensate for the victim’s estimated heat loss in a simulated mountain rescue operation. We used thermal manikins and developed a thermodynamic model of a virtual patient. Manikins were placed on a mountain rescue stretcher and exposed to wind chill indices of 0 °C and − 20 °C in a climatic chamber. We calculated the heat balance for two simulated clinical scenarios with both a shivering and non-shivering victim and measured the heat gain from gel, electrical, and chemical warming systems for 3.5 h. The heat balance in the simulated shivering patient was positive. In the non-shivering patient, we found a negative heat balance for both simulated weather conditions (− 429.53 kJ at 0 °C and − 1469.78 kJ at − 20 °C). Each warming system delivered about 300 kJ. The efficacy of...
Structure and Environment
The environment, where people are staying, should provide thermal comfort. It means that the equi... more The environment, where people are staying, should provide thermal comfort. It means that the equilibrium of the amount of heat produced in the human body and the amount of heat lost to the environment should be kept. To achieve the suitable conditions of air there the air conditioning, ventilation and heating systems are used. These systems regulate the air parameters and maintain them at the desired level. Designers locate, most commonly, the supply units of air conditioning systems in the ceiling in the central part of the room or near the windows without taking into account the specificity of the premises. However, such an approach may contribute to the lack of thermal comfort. The sensation of air is a very subjective indicator that depends on many variables. The authors of the article made an attempt to analyze the influence of the type of air conditioning system and location of air supply units on the thermal comfort in rooms of different use.
Procedia Engineering, 2016
Środowisko, w którym przebywa człowiek powinno zapewniać odczuwanie komfortu. tzn. powinna być za... more Środowisko, w którym przebywa człowiek powinno zapewniać odczuwanie komfortu. tzn. powinna być zachowana równowa-ga pomiędzy ilością ciepła wytwarzanego w ciele człowieka a ilością ciepła traconego do otoczenia. Aby uzyskać taki stan powietrza w pomieszczeniach, stosuje się różne systemy wentylacji, klimatyzacji i ogrzewania. Układy te regulują parametry powietrza i utrzymują je na żądanym poziomie. Projektanci lokalizują elementy nawiewne instalacji klimatyzacji najczęściej w suficie w centralnej części pomieszczenia lub przy oknach bez uwzględniania specyfiki pomieszczenia. Jednak takie spoj-rzenie na instalację może przyczynić się do braku warunków komfortu cieplnego. Postrzeganie stanu powietrza jest bardzo subiektywnym wskaźnikiem zależnym od wielu zmiennych. W artykule podjęto próbę analizy wpływu rodzaju instalacji kli-matyzacji oraz rozmieszczenia elementów nawiewnych w pomieszczeniach o różnym przeznaczeniu.
The article presents the analysis of microclimate in rooms equipped with tiled fireplace with the... more The article presents the analysis of microclimate in rooms equipped with tiled fireplace with the function of accumulation of heat. Two research series, conducted in used premises, were presented.
Condensation is a problem in the roof space. The solution to this problem is an air-hole in the r... more Condensation is a problem in the roof space. The solution to this problem is an air-hole in the roofing. We can calculate the air temperature in the roof space with equations found in literature. The modified equations are presented in this article. They take the air-hole area into consideration.
Energies
The study contains an analysis of a decentralised unit installed in a building façade, where air ... more The study contains an analysis of a decentralised unit installed in a building façade, where air supply and exhaust cycles are swapped by proper positioning of dampers. The analysis was carried out in real conditions in an office building. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation is an important element of the system design, and has become more and more widely used. Simulation of the analysed unit has shown air stream distribution in a room. Moreover, it allowed for determination of indoor air temperature. Completed analysis and CFD simulations allow for the observation that façade ventilation systems provide a good way to improve the indoor microclimate, as they effectively reduce air pollution. The decentralised façade ventilation unit reduced the carbon dioxide concentration to a level lower than 1000 ppm and maintained the indoor air temperature in the range of 19.5–22 °C. The error for CFD simulation equals 0.5%, which is not much. The results of research and analysis ...
Energies
The purpose of the article was to present information on heat recovery in ventilation systems and... more The purpose of the article was to present information on heat recovery in ventilation systems and to highlight what has not been sufficiently researched in this regard. A lot of information can be found on methods and exchangers for heat recovery in centralized systems. Decentralized, façade systems for cyclical supply and exhaust air have not been sufficiently researched. It is known that these devices are sensitive to the influence of wind and temperature, hence heat recovery may be ineffective in their case. The literature describes the aspect of heat recovery depending on the location in climatic zones, depending on the number of degree days (HDD). Attention was also paid to the risk of freezing of heat recovery exchangers. The literature review also showed the lack of a universal method for assessing heat recovery exchangers and the method of their selection depending on the climate.
Atmosphere
Poor indoor air quality affects the health of the occupants of a given structure or building. It ... more Poor indoor air quality affects the health of the occupants of a given structure or building. It reduces the effectiveness of learning and work efficiency. Among many pollutants, PM 2.5 and 10 dusts are extremely important. They can be eliminated using mechanical ventilation equipped with filters. Façade ventilation devices are used as a way to improve indoor air quality (IAQ) in existing buildings. For their analysis, researchers used carbon dioxide as a tracer gas. They have shown that façade ventilation devices are an effective way to improve IAQ, but require further analysis due to the sensitivity of façade ventilation devices to the effects of wind and outdoor temperature. In addition, legal regulations in some countries require verification in order to enable the use of this type of solution as a way to improve IAQ in an era characterised by the effort to transform buildings into passive houses (standard for energy efficiency in a building).
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Oct 1, 2017
The fire of building is a threat to its users. The biggest threat is generation, during lifetime ... more The fire of building is a threat to its users. The biggest threat is generation, during lifetime of fire, hot gases and smoke. The purpose of quick and efficient evacuation from the area covered by the fire, at first step the escape routes have to be secured from smokiness. The smoke ventilation systems are used for this purpose. The proper design and execution of smoke ventilation is important not only because of the safety, but also of the maintenance of comfort in the building at a time when there is no fire. The manuscript presents the effect of incorrectly realized smoke ventilation in the stairwell of the medium building. The analysis shows that the flaps of smoke ventilation located in the stairwell may have a significant impact on the proper functioning of mechanical ventilation in the period when there is no fire. The improperly installed or incorrect insulated components cause perturbation of air flow and they change pressure distribution in the building. The conclusion of the analysis is the need to include the entire technical equipment of the building during the design and realization of its individual elements. The impact of various installations at each other is very important, and the omission of any of them can cause disturbances in the proper work of another.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Oct 1, 2017
Budownictwo i Architektura
The applicable legislation connected with the natural ventilation are ambiguous and sometimes con... more The applicable legislation connected with the natural ventilation are ambiguous and sometimes contradictory. This leads to serious problems with natural ventilation. In most cases malfunction of the natural ventilation is due to the insufficient stream of air from the outside. The research showed that the microclimate is influenced not only by the incoming air stream, but also by the layout of the air supply.
Journal of Building Engineering
Budownictwo i Architektura
The article presents the results of indoor air quality (IAQ) assessment in four local preschools.... more The article presents the results of indoor air quality (IAQ) assessment in four local preschools. The natural ventilation system was used in the buildings. Outdoor air was supplied to the premises through a leak in the external walls and air intakes were of maximum efficiency of 30 m3/h. Parameters describing IAQ were measured, such as: temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentration. Two series of studies were performed in each preschool. On the basis of the survey, it can be clearly stated that the indoor air quality in preschools is considered to be very low very low. All the analyzed parameters describing the quality do not meet the current legal requirements. Reported values of CO2 concentration exceeded three times the value set of the recommended maximum.
Atmosphere
Many building are characterized by insufficient air exchange, which may result in the symptoms of... more Many building are characterized by insufficient air exchange, which may result in the symptoms of sick building syndrome (SBS). A large number of existing buildings are equipped with natural ventilation, whose work is disturbed by activities going to energy-saving. The thermomodernization activities are about mounting new sealed windows and laying thermal isolation, which reduces the amount of infiltrating/exfiltrating air. In many cases, the mechanical ventilation cannot be used due to a lack of a place in building or architectural and construction requirements. One of the solutions to improve the indoor microclimate is the decentralized façade ventilation. In the article, the internal air parameters in an office room equipped with decentralized façade ventilation device were analyzed. The room was equipped with a decentralized façade unit, which cyclically supplied and removed air from the room. The time of the supply/exhaust was changed to 2 min, 4 min, and 10 min. The temperatur...
International Journal of Biometeorology
Mountain accident casualties are often exposed to cold and windy weather. This may induce post-tr... more Mountain accident casualties are often exposed to cold and windy weather. This may induce post-traumatic hypothermia which increases mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of warming systems to compensate for the victim’s estimated heat loss in a simulated mountain rescue operation. We used thermal manikins and developed a thermodynamic model of a virtual patient. Manikins were placed on a mountain rescue stretcher and exposed to wind chill indices of 0 °C and − 20 °C in a climatic chamber. We calculated the heat balance for two simulated clinical scenarios with both a shivering and non-shivering victim and measured the heat gain from gel, electrical, and chemical warming systems for 3.5 h. The heat balance in the simulated shivering patient was positive. In the non-shivering patient, we found a negative heat balance for both simulated weather conditions (− 429.53 kJ at 0 °C and − 1469.78 kJ at − 20 °C). Each warming system delivered about 300 kJ. The efficacy of...
Structure and Environment
The environment, where people are staying, should provide thermal comfort. It means that the equi... more The environment, where people are staying, should provide thermal comfort. It means that the equilibrium of the amount of heat produced in the human body and the amount of heat lost to the environment should be kept. To achieve the suitable conditions of air there the air conditioning, ventilation and heating systems are used. These systems regulate the air parameters and maintain them at the desired level. Designers locate, most commonly, the supply units of air conditioning systems in the ceiling in the central part of the room or near the windows without taking into account the specificity of the premises. However, such an approach may contribute to the lack of thermal comfort. The sensation of air is a very subjective indicator that depends on many variables. The authors of the article made an attempt to analyze the influence of the type of air conditioning system and location of air supply units on the thermal comfort in rooms of different use.
Procedia Engineering, 2016