Corine de Ruiter | Maastricht University, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience (original) (raw)
Uploads
Papers by Corine de Ruiter
Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) is a science policy concept that gained traction from 2... more Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) is a science policy concept that gained traction from 2000 onwards in the EU and US, in which alignment on purposes and values between different stakeholders is a key aspect. This thought experiment problematizes this particular notion: ethically acceptable and societally desirable outcomes are not necessarily achieved when alignment is a consequence of early closure. To argue this point, we took the example of the potential development of scanning technology for the detection of paedophilia among job applicants, for which indicators of broad societal support were found in an RRI project on neuroimaging. We analysed this case by looking through several lenses, obtained by structured and non-structured literature searches. We explored how facts and values are masked when a taboo topic is considered. This results in the black boxing of the problem definition, potential solutions and development trajectories. Complex unstructured problems can thus be perceived as manageable structured problems, which can in turn lead to irresponsible policies surrounding technology development. Responsible processes of research and technology development thus require the involvement of a critical reflector who is alert to signs of early closure and who prevents foreclosure of ongoing reflexive deliberation. There is an important role for ethical, legal and societal aspect studies within the framework of RRI. This paper shows that the concepts of " value/ fact diversity masking " and " early discursive closure " are new avenues for RRI research.
The relation between attachment representations and personality disorders was examined in a sampl... more The relation between attachment representations and personality disorders was examined in a sample of 40 Dutch men held in a forensic psychiatric hospital for the commission of serious crimes. Secure attachment representations were virtually absent in the sample; separation from attachment figures in childhood was related to current insecure attachment as well as to personality disorders. Use of attachment theory in research and clinical work with criminals is discussed.
Attachment theory and object relations theories share the premise that mental representations of ... more Attachment theory and object relations theories share the premise that mental representations of relationships are shaped in childhood experiences with p~~imary caregivers. Both theorzes have given rise to the devel-oprrcent o(assessment instruments to assess these representations in adults.
Adolescent transsexuals were compared with adolescent psychiatric outpatients and first-year univ... more Adolescent transsexuals were compared with adolescent psychiatric outpatients and first-year university students to determine the extent to which other psychopathology is a necessary condition for the development of transsexualism. Three areas of psychological functioning associated with fundamental psychological disturbances—perceptual inaccuracy, disorders of thought and negative self-image—were assessed by means of the Rorschach Comprehensive System. The group of adolescent transsexuals was found to be intermediate between adolescent psychiatric patients and nonpatients for extent of perceptual inaccuracy. They did not differ significantly from nonpatients with regard to thinking disturbances and negative self-image. The psychiatric patients included significantly more individuals characterized by negative self image than the other groups. The results support the idea that major psychopathology is not required for the development of transsexualism. The persistent sense of discomfort and inappropriateness about one's anatomic sex and the persistent wish to be rid of one's genitals and live as a member of the other sex are considered to be the two essential features of transsexualism
Interference effects on threat words in anxious subjects on the emotional Stroop task have genera... more Interference effects on threat words in anxious subjects on the emotional Stroop task have generally been interpreted as evidence for mood-congruent attentional bias in anxiety states. However, several recent studies have yielded results that run contrary to this attentional bias explanation. The most important of these conflicting findings show that: (1) panic disorder patients displayed interference on threat words, but also on other emotional words, including positively valenced words, and (2) 'repressors' showed even greater interference than high trait anxious subjects. We propose an alternative explanation for these findings, in which both attentional bias and cognitive avoidance are assumed to operate in the emotional Stroop task, but in which cognitive avoidance is hypothesized to be chiefly responsible for the greater interference effects found in anxious subjects and 'repressors'. We suggest that future research into cognitive processes associated with anxiety states should employ a variety of experimental paradigms on the same subjects and include measures of 'defensiveness'.
Breathing retraining ofpatients with Hyperventilation Syndrome (HVS) and/or panic disorder is dis... more Breathing retraining ofpatients with Hyperventilation Syndrome (HVS) and/or panic disorder is discussed to evaluate its clinical effectiveness and to examine the mechanism that mediates its effect. In relation to this theoretical question, the validity of HVS as a s&en@ model is discussed and is deemed insufficient.
Psychopathy in forensic psychiatric patients and other criminal offenders is associated with high... more Psychopathy in forensic psychiatric patients and other criminal offenders is associated with higher criminal recidivism rates. Moreover, many forensic mental health professionals believe that psychopaths are not amenable to treatment. The present study examines whether patients with psychopathy demonstrate change during forensic psychiatric treatment. Seventy-four personality disordered offenders who had been convicted for serious violence were rated on the the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised and assessed repeatedly on risk-related behaviors during 20-months of inpatient forensic treatment. Group-and individual-level analyses showed no significant differences between psychopathic and non-psychopathic patients on adaptive social behavior , communication skills, insight, attribution of responsibility, and self-regulation strategies. However, a subgroup of psychopaths (22%) deteriorated during treatment with regard to physical aggression, whereas none of the non-psychopathic patients did (p 5 0.01). Our findings demonstrate that, contrary to clinical lore, treatment does not make a majority of psychopaths worse, but there are significant differences between psychopaths and non-psychopaths in treatment responsiveness.
![Research paper thumbnail of Recidive van verkrachters en aanranders na tbs: de relatie met psychopathie en seksuele deviatie [Recidivism in rapists and sexual assaulters after the TBS-order: The relation with psychopathy and sexual deviance]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/45403271/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](
Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 2004
International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 2011
In dit artikel is de HCR-20V3 voor het inschatten van het risico van gewelddadig gedrag geïntrodu... more In dit artikel is de HCR-20V3 voor het inschatten van het risico van gewelddadig gedrag geïntroduceerd. De HCR-20V3 is de revisie van de HCR-20 en is ontwikkeld op basis van jarenlang en wereldwijd onderzoek en klinische expertise. De belangrijkste doelstelling van deze revisie is om de waarde en bruikbaarheid van het instrument voor de dagelijkse praktijk verder te vergroten. Een adequate inschatting van het risico van gewelddadig gedrag biedt concrete richtlijnen voor risicomanagement en behandeling, waarmee gewelddadige recidive kan worden voorkomen. Summary In this article, the HCR-20V3 for violence risk assessment is introduced. The HCR-20V3 is the revision of the HCR-20 and has been developed based on empirical research worldwide and clinical expertise. The major aim of this revision is to further improve the applicability in and usefulness for clinical practice. An adequate violence risk assessment provides concrete guidelines for risk management and treatment and consequentl...
Tijdschrift voor Psychotherapie, 2007
Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 2004
Official Dutch translation of the HCR-20 V3.
Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) is a science policy concept that gained traction from 2... more Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) is a science policy concept that gained traction from 2000 onwards in the EU and US, in which alignment on purposes and values between different stakeholders is a key aspect. This thought experiment problematizes this particular notion: ethically acceptable and societally desirable outcomes are not necessarily achieved when alignment is a consequence of early closure. To argue this point, we took the example of the potential development of scanning technology for the detection of paedophilia among job applicants, for which indicators of broad societal support were found in an RRI project on neuroimaging. We analysed this case by looking through several lenses, obtained by structured and non-structured literature searches. We explored how facts and values are masked when a taboo topic is considered. This results in the black boxing of the problem definition, potential solutions and development trajectories. Complex unstructured problems can thus be perceived as manageable structured problems, which can in turn lead to irresponsible policies surrounding technology development. Responsible processes of research and technology development thus require the involvement of a critical reflector who is alert to signs of early closure and who prevents foreclosure of ongoing reflexive deliberation. There is an important role for ethical, legal and societal aspect studies within the framework of RRI. This paper shows that the concepts of " value/ fact diversity masking " and " early discursive closure " are new avenues for RRI research.
The relation between attachment representations and personality disorders was examined in a sampl... more The relation between attachment representations and personality disorders was examined in a sample of 40 Dutch men held in a forensic psychiatric hospital for the commission of serious crimes. Secure attachment representations were virtually absent in the sample; separation from attachment figures in childhood was related to current insecure attachment as well as to personality disorders. Use of attachment theory in research and clinical work with criminals is discussed.
Attachment theory and object relations theories share the premise that mental representations of ... more Attachment theory and object relations theories share the premise that mental representations of relationships are shaped in childhood experiences with p~~imary caregivers. Both theorzes have given rise to the devel-oprrcent o(assessment instruments to assess these representations in adults.
Adolescent transsexuals were compared with adolescent psychiatric outpatients and first-year univ... more Adolescent transsexuals were compared with adolescent psychiatric outpatients and first-year university students to determine the extent to which other psychopathology is a necessary condition for the development of transsexualism. Three areas of psychological functioning associated with fundamental psychological disturbances—perceptual inaccuracy, disorders of thought and negative self-image—were assessed by means of the Rorschach Comprehensive System. The group of adolescent transsexuals was found to be intermediate between adolescent psychiatric patients and nonpatients for extent of perceptual inaccuracy. They did not differ significantly from nonpatients with regard to thinking disturbances and negative self-image. The psychiatric patients included significantly more individuals characterized by negative self image than the other groups. The results support the idea that major psychopathology is not required for the development of transsexualism. The persistent sense of discomfort and inappropriateness about one's anatomic sex and the persistent wish to be rid of one's genitals and live as a member of the other sex are considered to be the two essential features of transsexualism
Interference effects on threat words in anxious subjects on the emotional Stroop task have genera... more Interference effects on threat words in anxious subjects on the emotional Stroop task have generally been interpreted as evidence for mood-congruent attentional bias in anxiety states. However, several recent studies have yielded results that run contrary to this attentional bias explanation. The most important of these conflicting findings show that: (1) panic disorder patients displayed interference on threat words, but also on other emotional words, including positively valenced words, and (2) 'repressors' showed even greater interference than high trait anxious subjects. We propose an alternative explanation for these findings, in which both attentional bias and cognitive avoidance are assumed to operate in the emotional Stroop task, but in which cognitive avoidance is hypothesized to be chiefly responsible for the greater interference effects found in anxious subjects and 'repressors'. We suggest that future research into cognitive processes associated with anxiety states should employ a variety of experimental paradigms on the same subjects and include measures of 'defensiveness'.
Breathing retraining ofpatients with Hyperventilation Syndrome (HVS) and/or panic disorder is dis... more Breathing retraining ofpatients with Hyperventilation Syndrome (HVS) and/or panic disorder is discussed to evaluate its clinical effectiveness and to examine the mechanism that mediates its effect. In relation to this theoretical question, the validity of HVS as a s&en@ model is discussed and is deemed insufficient.
Psychopathy in forensic psychiatric patients and other criminal offenders is associated with high... more Psychopathy in forensic psychiatric patients and other criminal offenders is associated with higher criminal recidivism rates. Moreover, many forensic mental health professionals believe that psychopaths are not amenable to treatment. The present study examines whether patients with psychopathy demonstrate change during forensic psychiatric treatment. Seventy-four personality disordered offenders who had been convicted for serious violence were rated on the the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised and assessed repeatedly on risk-related behaviors during 20-months of inpatient forensic treatment. Group-and individual-level analyses showed no significant differences between psychopathic and non-psychopathic patients on adaptive social behavior , communication skills, insight, attribution of responsibility, and self-regulation strategies. However, a subgroup of psychopaths (22%) deteriorated during treatment with regard to physical aggression, whereas none of the non-psychopathic patients did (p 5 0.01). Our findings demonstrate that, contrary to clinical lore, treatment does not make a majority of psychopaths worse, but there are significant differences between psychopaths and non-psychopaths in treatment responsiveness.
Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 2004
International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 2011
In dit artikel is de HCR-20V3 voor het inschatten van het risico van gewelddadig gedrag geïntrodu... more In dit artikel is de HCR-20V3 voor het inschatten van het risico van gewelddadig gedrag geïntroduceerd. De HCR-20V3 is de revisie van de HCR-20 en is ontwikkeld op basis van jarenlang en wereldwijd onderzoek en klinische expertise. De belangrijkste doelstelling van deze revisie is om de waarde en bruikbaarheid van het instrument voor de dagelijkse praktijk verder te vergroten. Een adequate inschatting van het risico van gewelddadig gedrag biedt concrete richtlijnen voor risicomanagement en behandeling, waarmee gewelddadige recidive kan worden voorkomen. Summary In this article, the HCR-20V3 for violence risk assessment is introduced. The HCR-20V3 is the revision of the HCR-20 and has been developed based on empirical research worldwide and clinical expertise. The major aim of this revision is to further improve the applicability in and usefulness for clinical practice. An adequate violence risk assessment provides concrete guidelines for risk management and treatment and consequentl...
Tijdschrift voor Psychotherapie, 2007
Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 2004
Official Dutch translation of the HCR-20 V3.
Forensic Psychological Assessment in Practice: Case Studies presents a set of forensic criminal ... more Forensic Psychological Assessment in Practice: Case Studies
presents a set of forensic criminal cases as examples of a
scientist-practitioner model for forensic psychological
assessment. The cases address forensic issues, such as
criminal responsibility, violence risk assessment, treatment
planning, and referral to long term forensic care. The
authors address a variety of mental disorders including
psychosis, posttraumatic stress disorder, psychopathy and
other personality disorders. The book will be useful for
novice and experienced forensic psychologists and
psychiatrists who are looking for case studies that integrate
recent empirical evidence with psychological test findings.