FAHIM VOHRA | King Saud University (original) (raw)

Papers by FAHIM VOHRA

Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy, 2016

There are no studies that have assessed the efficacy of mechanical debridement (MD) with and with... more There are no studies that have assessed the efficacy of mechanical debridement (MD) with and without adjunct antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the treatment of periimplant inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of the present 12-month follow-up study was to assess the efficacy of MD with and without adjunct aPDT in the treatment of periimplant inflammation in patients with T2DM. Sixty-seven patients with diagnosed periimplant inflammation and T2DM were included. Treatment-wise, the patients were divided into 2 groups: (a) test-group (n=34): patients receivedMD+aPDT; and (b) control group (n=33): patients received MD only. Periimplant bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) ≥4mm and mesial and distal marginal bone loss (MBL) were measured at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of therapy in both groups. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the periimplant BOP, PD, MBL and HbA1c levels in both groups. P-values less than 0.05 were ...

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study is to review the pertinent literature and determine the m... more Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study is to review the pertinent literature and determine the most appropriate method of treatment for ameloblastomas. Methods: A computerized literature search using MEDLINE was conducted for published articles on treatment of ameloblastomas. Mesh phrases used in the search were: ameloblastoma AND treatment; ameloblastoma AND surgical management. An attempt was made to conduct a systematic review on the subject, but due to inconsistency in terminology, treatment protocol, lack of randomised controlled trial and inadequate follow-up assessment in most of the articles assessed, a narrative critical review of selected relevant literature regarding treatment of ameloblastoma was undertaken. Results: It is widely reported that the recurrence of an ameloblastoma in large part reflects the inadequacy or failure of the primary surgical procedure. Recent studies have unequivocally showed that when a diagnosis of ameloblastoma is made, the treatment must be ...

Experimental Groups • 1 st Clinical Visit: An impression was made which simultaneously recorded t... more Experimental Groups • 1 st Clinical Visit: An impression was made which simultaneously recorded the edentulous maxilla and picked-up the maxillary hybrid prosthesis with the gold bar suprastructure in poly-vinyl-siloxane (PVS) material. The occlusion was registered on the old prosthesis (Fig. 3,4 & 5) • 1 st Laboratory Stage: A master cast was fabricated (Fig. 6) and articulated (Fig. 7) against mandibular cast using a bite registration (Fig. 3) made at the 1 st clinical visit. The acrylic veneer and teeth were removed from the metal suprastructure (Fig. 9) and a new wax up (Fig. 10) for the hybrid prosthesis was completed using an index (Fig. 8) on the original gold bar. • 2 nd Clinical Visit: Same day, a wax try-in of the prosthesis was performed and relationships confirmed. • 2 nd Laboratory Stage: The verified prosthesis was processed , finished and polished overnight in the laboratory . • 3 rd Clinical Visit: The refurbished prosthesis was fitted the next day (Fig. 12).

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare presence or absence of voids in two different types of obturation ... more ABSTRACT Objective: To compare presence or absence of voids in two different types of obturation procedures (Cold lateral condensation and Obtura II system) in extracted teeth using a dental operatory microscope. Materials and Method: Sixty single-rooted extracted human teeth were instrumented and obturated. Thirty of the teeth were obturated with cold lateral condensation (Group A) and thirty with thermoplasticized injectable technique (Group B). After the setting of sealer all teeth were sectioned horizontally at apical, middle and coronal third levels. Each section were examined under dental operatory microscope (DOM) and scored for absence or presence of voids in each section respectively. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between voids presence in both the experimental groups. Group B (Thermoplastic injectable gutta percha) was found to be more homogenous and revealed less voids at all the three section levels (apical, middle and coronal) as compared to...

International Dental Journal

Purpose: The durability of resin-cement interfaces is reported to be the likely cause of failure ... more Purpose: The durability of resin-cement interfaces is reported to be the likely cause of failure of bonded porcelain restorations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the marginal fidelity of lithium disilicate glass ceramic onlays cemented to teeth using three different resin luting agents Conclusion: The results suggest that Calibra resin cement is less influenced by microleakage for cementation of ceramic onlays, hence the risk of post-operative sensitivity, caries, discoloration, staining and failure may be comparatively minimized

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 1969

The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and practice of implant retained restorations (I... more The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and practice of implant retained restorations (IRR) among senior dental students in Saudi Arabia. Four hundred questionnaires were distributed among senior dental students of five dental schools in Saudi Arabia. Student's knowledge was assessed regarding which implant restoration [cement retained restoration (CRR) or screw retained restoration (SRR)] better provides the desired clinical properties. Students' practice of IRR, perception of their knowledge and need for further education related to IRR were also assessed. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were employed to assess collected data. Three hundred and fifty four senior dental students responded at a response rate of 88.5%. Thirty three percent respondents did not have any practical experience of IRR. Students showed a clear preference for CRR with regards to aesthetics (71.4%), passive fit (55.3%), fabrication ease (57.3%) and fracture resistance (40%). SRR were considered to provide better retention (59.6%), soft tissue health (51.1%) and ease of retrievability (72%). Nearly 40% of students agreed that they did not get sufficient information related to IRR in undergraduate courses. Clinical training of IRR is compromised in the undergraduate curriculum in dental schools of Saudi Arabia. The knowledge of dental students regarding IRR was broadly in line with current evidence.

Indian Journal of Dental Research, 2015

Polyurethane resin is a possible alternative to type IV dental stone for fabrication of indirect ... more Polyurethane resin is a possible alternative to type IV dental stone for fabrication of indirect restorations however its dimensional accuracy is questionable. The aim was to investigate the dimensional accuracy of silica filled polyurethane resin die material by evaluating the marginal fit and adaptation of indirect gold castings. Experimental, in vitro study. Totally 40 copper plated replicas of a nickel chrome master die analogous to a veneer gold crown preparation were made and impressions recorded using polyvinylsiloxane material. Twenty impressions were poured in type IV dental stone (control group (Vel-mix, Kerr, UK) and the remaining (n = 20) in silica filled polyurethane die material (test group) (Alpha Die MF, CA, USA). Gold castings were fabricated for each die using standardized techniques. The castings were seated on their respective copper plated dies, embedded in resin and sectioned. The specimens were analyzed by measuring marginal opening and the area beneath the casting at a ×63 magnification and using image analysis software. Data were analyzed using a Student's t-test. No significant difference was observed between the experimental groups (P > 0.05). The mean marginal opening for type IV, dental stone and polyurethane resin, was 57 ± 22.6 μm and 63.47 ± 27.1 μm, respectively. Stone displayed a smaller area beneath the casting (31581 ± 16297 μm 2 ) as compared to polyurethane resin (35003 ± 23039 μm 2 ). The fit and adaptation of indirect gold castings made on polyurethane and type IV dental stone dies were comparable.

ABSTRACT Title: Bond Strength of Lithium Disilicate Ceramic with Different Surface Treatments F V... more ABSTRACT Title: Bond Strength of Lithium Disilicate Ceramic with Different Surface Treatments F Vohra Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of post etch cleaning, silane and heated silane on Microtensile bond strength of Lithium-disilicate hot pressed glass ceramic when bonded to composite resin. Methods: 24 blocks of lithium-disilicate were fabricated (Hot Pressing) and bonding surfaces were etched using 9.5% hydrofluoric acid. Seven experimental groups (Including control) resulted from the various surface treatment combinations which included, post-etch cleaning (PEC) (37.5% Phosphoric acid for 1 min , rinse with water for 20 seconds and ultrasonic bath immersion), silane application (S) and heat (100°C for 5 minutes) or air dried silane. Silica based hot pressed ceramic blocks were also fabricated and surface treated to be used as a control group. Ceramic and composite resin blocks were bonded using an adhesive resin and light cured composite resin as ...

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the attitude and knowledge of dentists in Saudi Ar... more Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the attitude and knowledge of dentists in Saudi Arabia towards shortened dental arch therapy (SDAT). Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study self-designed questionnaires were hand distributed and emailed among dentists in Saudi Arabia divided into Specialists (SP), Residents (RES) and General dental practitioners (GDP). Other than demographic details, the questionnaire, enquired about opinion regarding function, esthetic and comfort in SDAT. The association of SDAT with tooth wear, temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD), tooth migration and hygiene maintenance was also assessed. Participants were also asked to grade decision-making factors for SDAT according to their significance. Frequency distribution and Chi-square test were computed to compare the responses, considering p value 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: Out of the 300 respondents, 47% were SP, 39% were GDP and 14% were RES. 42% and 25.3%of respondents had...

Indirect fixed restorations are a product of multiple clinical and laboratory steps. And at the c... more Indirect fixed restorations are a product of multiple clinical and laboratory steps. And at the center of all these procedures is the use of cast and die material and its impact on the definitive fit of the restoration. Dental stone has long been used as a cost-effective cast and die material for fixed prosthodontics. However in cases of periodontally involved teeth having tall and thin tooth preparations, die stones lack the desired ideal mechanical properties of fracture strength and abrasion resistance. Polyurethane resin die material has long been introduced to the dental laboratory technician and has provided a viable alternative to die stone in order to avoid failure in complex prosthodontic procedures. This case report attempts to present the effective use of polyurethane resin dies during full mouth rehabilitation of a patient with generalized tooth wear.

Cytokine, 2016

The aim of this study was to review the cytokine profiles in the synovial fluid (SF) of patients ... more The aim of this study was to review the cytokine profiles in the synovial fluid (SF) of patients with temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJD). Databases were searched from 1965 till September 2015 using different combinations of the following key words: "Temporomandibular joint"; "Cytokine"; "disorder"; and "synovial fluid" and "inflammation". Titles and abstracts of studies identified using the above-described protocol were screened and checked for agreement. Full-texts of articles judged by title and abstract to be relevant were read and independently evaluated. Hand-searching of the reference lists of potentially relevant original and review articles was also performed. The pattern of the present systematic review was customized to mainly summarize the relevant data. Fifteen studies were included. In 12 studies, cytokine profile of patients with TMJD was assessed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; and in 2 studies, histological analysis was performed to assess the cytokine profile of patients with TMJD. Patients with TMJD presented raised levels of interleukin (IL)-6 in 8 studies, IL-1beta (1β) in 5 studies and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in 5 studies. Two studies showed no significant difference in TNF-α levels in patients with and without TMJD; and IL-1β levels were comparable in patients with and without TMJD in 2 studies. Raised levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and IFN-γ in the SF have been associated with inflammation in patients with TMJD. Cytokines IL-10, osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor/osteoprotegerin (OCIF/OPG), and VEGF found in the SF of TMJs could have an anti-inflammatory effect.

Clinical Oral Investigations, 2015

The aim of the present systematic review was to assess the efficacy of parathyroid hormone supple... more The aim of the present systematic review was to assess the efficacy of parathyroid hormone supplementation on the osseointegration of implants. The addressed focused question was Does parathyroid hormone supplementation affect osseointegration around implants? Indexed databases were searched from 1965 up to and including April 2015 using various key words including: Bone to implant contact; implant; parathyroid hormone; and osseointegration. Letters to the Editor, case-reports/case-series, historic reviews, commentaries and articles published in languages other than English were excluded. The pattern of the present systematic review was customized to primarily summarize the pertinent data. Eighteen studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Evidence was limited to preclinical animal studies only (11 studies in rodents, 4 in dogs and 3 in rabbits). Number of titanium implants placed ranged between 20 and 80 implants. Results from 16 studies showed that PTH supplementation enhanced new bone formation and/or BIC around implants. One study suggests that PTH-coated implants improve BIC and BA. One study showed no significant difference in BIC and new bone formation around implants with PTH hydrogel placement. Efficacy of PTH supplementation on osseointegration of implants shows promising results in animal models, however further investigation is necessary to assess the effectiveness in humans.

The Saudi Journal for Dental Research, 2015

Nigerian journal of clinical practice

The aim of this study was to assess and compare the knowledge and attitudes of dentists toward sh... more The aim of this study was to assess and compare the knowledge and attitudes of dentists toward shortened dental arch (SDA) therapy in Saudi Arabia. In this cross-sectional study, self-designed-structured questionnaires were distributed among specialists (SP), residents (RES), and general dental practitioners (GDP) in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire enquired about dentists' opinion regarding function, esthetic, and comfort in patients with SDA. It also enquired about the risks associated with SDA treatment (tooth wear, temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD), and tooth migration). Participants also graded SDA decision-making factors for their significance. Frequency distribution and Chi-square test were performed to compare the responses. A total of 300 questionnaires were completed. 53.9% of SP applied SDA therapy in <10% of patients. However, 54.8% of RES and 46.6% of GDP never used SDA therapy. SDA was considered by dentists to provide a satisfactory or acceptable function (76.4%), esthetics (76.1%), and comfort (76.8%). There was a significant difference in opinions of SP, GDP, and RES, in relation to the effect of SDA on esthetics (P = 0.039), tooth-wear (P < 0.001), TMD (P < 0.001), and tooth migration (P = 0.002). The knowledge of SP and GDP with regards to SDA therapy was broadly in line with current standards. Less than 10% of patients had objections towards SDA therapy. SDA therapy was clinically applied in fewer than 10% of cases.

Dentistry - Open Journal, 2015

Dental implants offer excellent tooth replacement options however; peri-implantitis can limit the... more Dental implants offer excellent tooth replacement options however; peri-implantitis can limit their clinical success by causing failure. Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory process around dental implants resulting in bone loss in association with bleeding and suppuration. Dental plaque is at the center of its etiology, and in addition, systemic diseases, smoking, and parafunctional habits are also implicated. The pathogenic species associated with peri-implantitis include, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia. The goal in the management of peri-implantitis is the complete resolution of peri-implant infection with function. Therapies using various biomaterials to deliver antibiotics have been used in the treatment of peri-implantitis e.g. fibers, gels, and beads. The use of guided tissue regeneration barrier membranes loaded with antimicrobials has shown success in re-osseointegrating the infected implants in animal models. Several uncertainties still remain regarding the management of peri-implantitis. The purpose of this article is to present a background of peri-implantitis along with a case of peri-implantitis successfully treated for bone regeneration.

Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2015

Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy, 2016

There are no studies that have assessed the efficacy of mechanical debridement (MD) with and with... more There are no studies that have assessed the efficacy of mechanical debridement (MD) with and without adjunct antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the treatment of periimplant inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of the present 12-month follow-up study was to assess the efficacy of MD with and without adjunct aPDT in the treatment of periimplant inflammation in patients with T2DM. Sixty-seven patients with diagnosed periimplant inflammation and T2DM were included. Treatment-wise, the patients were divided into 2 groups: (a) test-group (n=34): patients receivedMD+aPDT; and (b) control group (n=33): patients received MD only. Periimplant bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) ≥4mm and mesial and distal marginal bone loss (MBL) were measured at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of therapy in both groups. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the periimplant BOP, PD, MBL and HbA1c levels in both groups. P-values less than 0.05 were ...

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study is to review the pertinent literature and determine the m... more Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study is to review the pertinent literature and determine the most appropriate method of treatment for ameloblastomas. Methods: A computerized literature search using MEDLINE was conducted for published articles on treatment of ameloblastomas. Mesh phrases used in the search were: ameloblastoma AND treatment; ameloblastoma AND surgical management. An attempt was made to conduct a systematic review on the subject, but due to inconsistency in terminology, treatment protocol, lack of randomised controlled trial and inadequate follow-up assessment in most of the articles assessed, a narrative critical review of selected relevant literature regarding treatment of ameloblastoma was undertaken. Results: It is widely reported that the recurrence of an ameloblastoma in large part reflects the inadequacy or failure of the primary surgical procedure. Recent studies have unequivocally showed that when a diagnosis of ameloblastoma is made, the treatment must be ...

Experimental Groups • 1 st Clinical Visit: An impression was made which simultaneously recorded t... more Experimental Groups • 1 st Clinical Visit: An impression was made which simultaneously recorded the edentulous maxilla and picked-up the maxillary hybrid prosthesis with the gold bar suprastructure in poly-vinyl-siloxane (PVS) material. The occlusion was registered on the old prosthesis (Fig. 3,4 & 5) • 1 st Laboratory Stage: A master cast was fabricated (Fig. 6) and articulated (Fig. 7) against mandibular cast using a bite registration (Fig. 3) made at the 1 st clinical visit. The acrylic veneer and teeth were removed from the metal suprastructure (Fig. 9) and a new wax up (Fig. 10) for the hybrid prosthesis was completed using an index (Fig. 8) on the original gold bar. • 2 nd Clinical Visit: Same day, a wax try-in of the prosthesis was performed and relationships confirmed. • 2 nd Laboratory Stage: The verified prosthesis was processed , finished and polished overnight in the laboratory . • 3 rd Clinical Visit: The refurbished prosthesis was fitted the next day (Fig. 12).

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare presence or absence of voids in two different types of obturation ... more ABSTRACT Objective: To compare presence or absence of voids in two different types of obturation procedures (Cold lateral condensation and Obtura II system) in extracted teeth using a dental operatory microscope. Materials and Method: Sixty single-rooted extracted human teeth were instrumented and obturated. Thirty of the teeth were obturated with cold lateral condensation (Group A) and thirty with thermoplasticized injectable technique (Group B). After the setting of sealer all teeth were sectioned horizontally at apical, middle and coronal third levels. Each section were examined under dental operatory microscope (DOM) and scored for absence or presence of voids in each section respectively. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between voids presence in both the experimental groups. Group B (Thermoplastic injectable gutta percha) was found to be more homogenous and revealed less voids at all the three section levels (apical, middle and coronal) as compared to...

International Dental Journal

Purpose: The durability of resin-cement interfaces is reported to be the likely cause of failure ... more Purpose: The durability of resin-cement interfaces is reported to be the likely cause of failure of bonded porcelain restorations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the marginal fidelity of lithium disilicate glass ceramic onlays cemented to teeth using three different resin luting agents Conclusion: The results suggest that Calibra resin cement is less influenced by microleakage for cementation of ceramic onlays, hence the risk of post-operative sensitivity, caries, discoloration, staining and failure may be comparatively minimized

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 1969

The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and practice of implant retained restorations (I... more The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and practice of implant retained restorations (IRR) among senior dental students in Saudi Arabia. Four hundred questionnaires were distributed among senior dental students of five dental schools in Saudi Arabia. Student's knowledge was assessed regarding which implant restoration [cement retained restoration (CRR) or screw retained restoration (SRR)] better provides the desired clinical properties. Students' practice of IRR, perception of their knowledge and need for further education related to IRR were also assessed. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were employed to assess collected data. Three hundred and fifty four senior dental students responded at a response rate of 88.5%. Thirty three percent respondents did not have any practical experience of IRR. Students showed a clear preference for CRR with regards to aesthetics (71.4%), passive fit (55.3%), fabrication ease (57.3%) and fracture resistance (40%). SRR were considered to provide better retention (59.6%), soft tissue health (51.1%) and ease of retrievability (72%). Nearly 40% of students agreed that they did not get sufficient information related to IRR in undergraduate courses. Clinical training of IRR is compromised in the undergraduate curriculum in dental schools of Saudi Arabia. The knowledge of dental students regarding IRR was broadly in line with current evidence.

Indian Journal of Dental Research, 2015

Polyurethane resin is a possible alternative to type IV dental stone for fabrication of indirect ... more Polyurethane resin is a possible alternative to type IV dental stone for fabrication of indirect restorations however its dimensional accuracy is questionable. The aim was to investigate the dimensional accuracy of silica filled polyurethane resin die material by evaluating the marginal fit and adaptation of indirect gold castings. Experimental, in vitro study. Totally 40 copper plated replicas of a nickel chrome master die analogous to a veneer gold crown preparation were made and impressions recorded using polyvinylsiloxane material. Twenty impressions were poured in type IV dental stone (control group (Vel-mix, Kerr, UK) and the remaining (n = 20) in silica filled polyurethane die material (test group) (Alpha Die MF, CA, USA). Gold castings were fabricated for each die using standardized techniques. The castings were seated on their respective copper plated dies, embedded in resin and sectioned. The specimens were analyzed by measuring marginal opening and the area beneath the casting at a ×63 magnification and using image analysis software. Data were analyzed using a Student's t-test. No significant difference was observed between the experimental groups (P > 0.05). The mean marginal opening for type IV, dental stone and polyurethane resin, was 57 ± 22.6 μm and 63.47 ± 27.1 μm, respectively. Stone displayed a smaller area beneath the casting (31581 ± 16297 μm 2 ) as compared to polyurethane resin (35003 ± 23039 μm 2 ). The fit and adaptation of indirect gold castings made on polyurethane and type IV dental stone dies were comparable.

ABSTRACT Title: Bond Strength of Lithium Disilicate Ceramic with Different Surface Treatments F V... more ABSTRACT Title: Bond Strength of Lithium Disilicate Ceramic with Different Surface Treatments F Vohra Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of post etch cleaning, silane and heated silane on Microtensile bond strength of Lithium-disilicate hot pressed glass ceramic when bonded to composite resin. Methods: 24 blocks of lithium-disilicate were fabricated (Hot Pressing) and bonding surfaces were etched using 9.5% hydrofluoric acid. Seven experimental groups (Including control) resulted from the various surface treatment combinations which included, post-etch cleaning (PEC) (37.5% Phosphoric acid for 1 min , rinse with water for 20 seconds and ultrasonic bath immersion), silane application (S) and heat (100°C for 5 minutes) or air dried silane. Silica based hot pressed ceramic blocks were also fabricated and surface treated to be used as a control group. Ceramic and composite resin blocks were bonded using an adhesive resin and light cured composite resin as ...

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the attitude and knowledge of dentists in Saudi Ar... more Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the attitude and knowledge of dentists in Saudi Arabia towards shortened dental arch therapy (SDAT). Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study self-designed questionnaires were hand distributed and emailed among dentists in Saudi Arabia divided into Specialists (SP), Residents (RES) and General dental practitioners (GDP). Other than demographic details, the questionnaire, enquired about opinion regarding function, esthetic and comfort in SDAT. The association of SDAT with tooth wear, temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD), tooth migration and hygiene maintenance was also assessed. Participants were also asked to grade decision-making factors for SDAT according to their significance. Frequency distribution and Chi-square test were computed to compare the responses, considering p value 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: Out of the 300 respondents, 47% were SP, 39% were GDP and 14% were RES. 42% and 25.3%of respondents had...

Indirect fixed restorations are a product of multiple clinical and laboratory steps. And at the c... more Indirect fixed restorations are a product of multiple clinical and laboratory steps. And at the center of all these procedures is the use of cast and die material and its impact on the definitive fit of the restoration. Dental stone has long been used as a cost-effective cast and die material for fixed prosthodontics. However in cases of periodontally involved teeth having tall and thin tooth preparations, die stones lack the desired ideal mechanical properties of fracture strength and abrasion resistance. Polyurethane resin die material has long been introduced to the dental laboratory technician and has provided a viable alternative to die stone in order to avoid failure in complex prosthodontic procedures. This case report attempts to present the effective use of polyurethane resin dies during full mouth rehabilitation of a patient with generalized tooth wear.

Cytokine, 2016

The aim of this study was to review the cytokine profiles in the synovial fluid (SF) of patients ... more The aim of this study was to review the cytokine profiles in the synovial fluid (SF) of patients with temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJD). Databases were searched from 1965 till September 2015 using different combinations of the following key words: "Temporomandibular joint"; "Cytokine"; "disorder"; and "synovial fluid" and "inflammation". Titles and abstracts of studies identified using the above-described protocol were screened and checked for agreement. Full-texts of articles judged by title and abstract to be relevant were read and independently evaluated. Hand-searching of the reference lists of potentially relevant original and review articles was also performed. The pattern of the present systematic review was customized to mainly summarize the relevant data. Fifteen studies were included. In 12 studies, cytokine profile of patients with TMJD was assessed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; and in 2 studies, histological analysis was performed to assess the cytokine profile of patients with TMJD. Patients with TMJD presented raised levels of interleukin (IL)-6 in 8 studies, IL-1beta (1β) in 5 studies and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in 5 studies. Two studies showed no significant difference in TNF-α levels in patients with and without TMJD; and IL-1β levels were comparable in patients with and without TMJD in 2 studies. Raised levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and IFN-γ in the SF have been associated with inflammation in patients with TMJD. Cytokines IL-10, osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor/osteoprotegerin (OCIF/OPG), and VEGF found in the SF of TMJs could have an anti-inflammatory effect.

Clinical Oral Investigations, 2015

The aim of the present systematic review was to assess the efficacy of parathyroid hormone supple... more The aim of the present systematic review was to assess the efficacy of parathyroid hormone supplementation on the osseointegration of implants. The addressed focused question was Does parathyroid hormone supplementation affect osseointegration around implants? Indexed databases were searched from 1965 up to and including April 2015 using various key words including: Bone to implant contact; implant; parathyroid hormone; and osseointegration. Letters to the Editor, case-reports/case-series, historic reviews, commentaries and articles published in languages other than English were excluded. The pattern of the present systematic review was customized to primarily summarize the pertinent data. Eighteen studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Evidence was limited to preclinical animal studies only (11 studies in rodents, 4 in dogs and 3 in rabbits). Number of titanium implants placed ranged between 20 and 80 implants. Results from 16 studies showed that PTH supplementation enhanced new bone formation and/or BIC around implants. One study suggests that PTH-coated implants improve BIC and BA. One study showed no significant difference in BIC and new bone formation around implants with PTH hydrogel placement. Efficacy of PTH supplementation on osseointegration of implants shows promising results in animal models, however further investigation is necessary to assess the effectiveness in humans.

The Saudi Journal for Dental Research, 2015

Nigerian journal of clinical practice

The aim of this study was to assess and compare the knowledge and attitudes of dentists toward sh... more The aim of this study was to assess and compare the knowledge and attitudes of dentists toward shortened dental arch (SDA) therapy in Saudi Arabia. In this cross-sectional study, self-designed-structured questionnaires were distributed among specialists (SP), residents (RES), and general dental practitioners (GDP) in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire enquired about dentists' opinion regarding function, esthetic, and comfort in patients with SDA. It also enquired about the risks associated with SDA treatment (tooth wear, temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD), and tooth migration). Participants also graded SDA decision-making factors for their significance. Frequency distribution and Chi-square test were performed to compare the responses. A total of 300 questionnaires were completed. 53.9% of SP applied SDA therapy in <10% of patients. However, 54.8% of RES and 46.6% of GDP never used SDA therapy. SDA was considered by dentists to provide a satisfactory or acceptable function (76.4%), esthetics (76.1%), and comfort (76.8%). There was a significant difference in opinions of SP, GDP, and RES, in relation to the effect of SDA on esthetics (P = 0.039), tooth-wear (P < 0.001), TMD (P < 0.001), and tooth migration (P = 0.002). The knowledge of SP and GDP with regards to SDA therapy was broadly in line with current standards. Less than 10% of patients had objections towards SDA therapy. SDA therapy was clinically applied in fewer than 10% of cases.

Dentistry - Open Journal, 2015

Dental implants offer excellent tooth replacement options however; peri-implantitis can limit the... more Dental implants offer excellent tooth replacement options however; peri-implantitis can limit their clinical success by causing failure. Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory process around dental implants resulting in bone loss in association with bleeding and suppuration. Dental plaque is at the center of its etiology, and in addition, systemic diseases, smoking, and parafunctional habits are also implicated. The pathogenic species associated with peri-implantitis include, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia. The goal in the management of peri-implantitis is the complete resolution of peri-implant infection with function. Therapies using various biomaterials to deliver antibiotics have been used in the treatment of peri-implantitis e.g. fibers, gels, and beads. The use of guided tissue regeneration barrier membranes loaded with antimicrobials has shown success in re-osseointegrating the infected implants in animal models. Several uncertainties still remain regarding the management of peri-implantitis. The purpose of this article is to present a background of peri-implantitis along with a case of peri-implantitis successfully treated for bone regeneration.

Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2015