Syed Riaz Mehdi | King Saud University (original) (raw)

Papers by Syed Riaz Mehdi

Research paper thumbnail of Role of LDH levels in differentiating anemias

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2021

Background: There is a need to differentiate megaloblastic anemia from mixed deficiency anemia as... more Background: There is a need to differentiate megaloblastic anemia from mixed deficiency anemia as both require different management protocols. With the acquisition of more information about them, tests such as serum vitamin estimation and Schilling test, were found to have their limitations. Hence there is a need to search newer diagnostic candidates to differentiate between megaloblastic anemia and mixed deficiency anemia. Aims and Objective: The current study was undertaken to find usefulness of serum Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) in differentiating megaloblastic anemia from mixed deficiency anemia. Materials and Methods: 100 patients were included in the study. Blood smears were stained and analysed. Complete blood counts were performed. Bone marrow examination was done, where needed. Biochemical tests were performed for estimation of vitamin B12, Folate and for LDH. Results: Out of the 100 cases 51 were diagnosed as megaloblastic anemia and 49 were diagnosed as mixed deficiency an...

Research paper thumbnail of Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia in children survival and prognostic factors

Research paper thumbnail of Prognostic Significance of Lewis y Antigen in Resected Stage I and II Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

CHEST Journal, 1998

Background: The role of Lewis y (Le y) antigen expression has been studied extensively in predict... more Background: The role of Lewis y (Le y) antigen expression has been studied extensively in predicting the outcome of various malignancies. We evaluated the expression of Le y and its relationship to survival, disease-free survival and other clinicopathologic variables in patients with stage I and II non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Objective: To investigate the prognostic significance of Le y antigen expression in a large group of well characterized patients with resected stage I and II NSCLC. Patients: Two hundred and sixty patients with surgically resected stage I (n ‫؍‬ 193) and II (n ‫؍‬ 67) NSCLC with at least 5-year follow-up were identified. Results: The median survival for patients with negative expression of Le y (< 50% of cells that were positive) was 46 months, whereas for those with positive expression of Le y (> 50%), the median survival was 54 months (p ‫؍‬ 0.99). The disease-free survival for patients with Le y (؊) expression was 39 months and 34 months for patients with Le y (؉) expression (p ‫؍‬ 0.3). Conclusions: We found no relationship between loss of blood group antigen A and expression of Le y. No statistically significant difference was found in survival between positive and negative expression of Le y antigen in patients with resected stage I and II NSCLC.

Research paper thumbnail of Polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and methionine synthase reductase genes and homocysteine levels in Brazilian children

American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, 2004

Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for thrombosis, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MT... more Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for thrombosis, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) polymorphisms, folate, and B12 levels could contribute to plasma homocysteine (Hcy) variation. Although well established in adults, few studies have been performed in childhood. In this study, we investigated association of polymorphisms C677T and A1298C in the MTHFR gene and A66G in the MTRR gene with Hcy levels in children. These polymorphisms, as well as Hcy, folate, and vitamin B12 levels were investigated in 220 normal children with ages ranging from 1 to 8 years. Plasma Hcy, folate, and vitamin B12 levels were normal in all children. None of the polymorphisms could be considered an independent risk factor for hyperhomocysteinemia during childhood. The median Hcy levels in 37 children (17%) doubly heterozygous for C677T and A1298C mutations in the MTHFR gene were not different from the other genotypes. However, the association of the different genotypes with Hcy, folate, and vitamin B12 levels demonstrated significant P-values. The folate levels demonstrated a statistically significant decrease (P = 0.0477) from the C677T mutation in the MTHFR gene (TT genotype) when compared to the other groups. Folate was the only independent risk factor for hyperhomocysteinemia. Thus, monitoring the concentrations of folate would be more helpful for evaluating hyperhomocysteinemia and for preventing cardiovascular disease.

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C among Blood Donors in Jos South LGA, Plateau State, Nigeria

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2013

Hepatitis B and C infections are infectious liver diseases that result from infection with hepati... more Hepatitis B and C infections are infectious liver diseases that result from infection with hepatitis B and C viruses and are transmitted via contact with contaminated blood and body fluids. This study was to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV infection among blood donors in Jos South Local Government Area. Two hundred and forty-five volunteers were screened for HBsAg and anti-HCV using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) tests. Fifty-one (51) volunteers (20.8%) were positive for HBsAg, 12 (4.9%) were positive for anti-HCV while 3 (1.2%) were found to be co-infected with both the viruses. Volunteers in the age group 20-29 years had the highest prevalence of HBV (9.8%) and HCV (2.45%) infections. Those between the ages of 10-19 had the least prevalence of HBV infection (1.2%) while ages 40-49 years had the least prevalence. Based on sample location, Dadin Kowa had the highest infection rate of HBV (5.7%) while Zawan had the least prevalence of HBV (2.0%). Zaramaganda had the highest infection rate of HCV infection (2.0%) while Dadin Kowa had the least (1.2%) and Turu Vom and Zawan having no infections. Gender analysis showed that males had the higher prevalence (15.9%) for HBV and 4.1% for HCV higher than the females with 4.9% for HBV and 0.8% for HCV. The distribution by marital status showed that the single and married subjects had equal prevalence, 10.2% for HBV while for HCV the married had a higher prevalence of 2.85% than the single who had a 2.05% prevalence. This study also revealed that all the cases of HBV and HCV co-infections came from Zaramaganda area in Jos and among married people aged between 20 to 29 years. Co-infection was 0.8 and 0.4% for males and females, respectively. These results revealed the presence and circulation of HBV and HCV in the studied areas. Other details have been discussed in the study.

Research paper thumbnail of Incidence of Bone Marrow Findings in Hematological Disorders Based on Age And Gender : An Observational Study

Global journal for research analysis, 2016

Bone marrow examination is useful in the diagnosis ofboth haematological and non haematological d... more Bone marrow examination is useful in the diagnosis ofboth haematological and non haematological disorders.Indications have included the diagnosis, staging, andtherapeutic monitoring for lymphoproliferative disorderssuch as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, hairy cell leukaemia, and multiplemyeloma. Furthermore, evaluation of cytopenia,thrombocytosis, leukocytosis, anaemia, and iron status canalso be done.This is also an important tool in the diagnosis of non-haematological disorders like storage diseases,granulomatous lesions, metastatic carcinoma, Pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO), anddisseminated infection in immunocompromised hosts.The two most important techniques used for the diagnosisare bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow trephinebiopsy which are complementary to each other. Aspirationof the marrow is primarily utilised for cytologicalassessment with analysis directed towards morphologyand obtaining a differential cell count. Biopsy is essen...

Research paper thumbnail of Primary Plasma Cell Leukemia- A Rare Case Report

Plasma cell leukemia is a rare disease entity where the number of clonal plasma cells in the peri... more Plasma cell leukemia is a rare disease entity where the number of clonal plasma cells in the peripheral blood exceeds 2X10 9 /l or 20% of the total leukocyte count. This plasma cell leukemia can be primary which is arising denovo or secondary as in the course of plasma cell myeloma. A 48 years old male patient came to the emergency outpatient department with complaints of acute renal failure without any prior history of diabetes or hypertension. On examination patient also had hepatosplenomegaly. Peripheral smear showed 56% plasmacytoid cells. Bone marrow aspirate and biopsy revealed a hyper cellular marrow. Marrow showed chiefly plasmablasts (32%) with plenty of abnormal plamacytoid cells (21%). Other marrow elements were grossly reduced. This case is presented because of its rarity, presenting at a younger age, primary type of plasma cell leukemia, presence of organomegaly and unique morphology of the cells in the blood and bone marrow.

Research paper thumbnail of Varied Clinico-haematological Presentation of Patients of Megaloblastic Anaemia with Deficiency of Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid in a Tertiary Care Center of Northern India

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH

Research paper thumbnail of Indices in differentiating iron deficiency anemia from thalassemia trait- a comparative study

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and beta thalassemia trait (BTT) are the two most common... more Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and beta thalassemia trait (BTT) are the two most common and important causes of microcytic hypochromic anemia in India. It is very difficult to differentiate between the two. Many different types of techniques have been proposed for the same. While some are invasive like bone marrow examination others are not available at all centers, like electrophoresis. Hence different indices come into play. Aims and Objective: This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of Shine and Lal index and Mentzer index in differentiating between IDA and BTT. Materials and Methods: A total of 407 anemia cases were studied over a period of 18 months and their blood samples were subject to different hematological and biochemical assays to diagnose the type of anemia. Results: Based on these tests 92.1% cases were found to be of IDA whereas 3.7% cases were found to be of BTT. Then both the indices were applied in the above mentioned cases. Conclusion: While Sh...

Research paper thumbnail of GST and MDR1 Gene Polymorphisms in Chronic Myeloid Leukemic Patients

Era's Journal of Medical Research

Chronic myeloid leukemia is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by Philadelphia chromosom... more Chronic myeloid leukemia is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by Philadelphia chromosome showing translocation 9:22(q34;q11). Many exogenous and endogenous substances lead to genetic alterations and result in development of cancer including chronic myeloid leukemia. Metabolizing Enzymes (phase1, 2 and 3) offer the first line of defense but multiple polymorphisms seen in these affect the ability of these enzymes to metabolize the carcinogens thereby increasing the individual's chance of suffering from cancer. Major gene polymorphisms are seen in Glutathione-S-Transferase family, Multi Drug Resistance Gene, Cytochrome P450 family, and recently reported Natural Killer Group Receptors Gene Polymorphism in Chronic myeloid leukemia. These gene polymorphisms also have been seen to affect individual's response totherapy. Hence it has now become essential to study this phenomenon of gene polymorphisms as it will show light on the fact as to how some individuals are more susceptible to develop cancer and why every individual has difference response to therapy in CML. This prospective will help in the treatment and follow up of these patients and give a broader picture of importance of these polymorphism in cancers like Chronic myeloid leukemia.

Research paper thumbnail of Frequency of Different Types of Leukemia in Bone Marrow- Study at a Tertiary Care Center, Lucknow

British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Hepatitis B&C virus infection in cases of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Saudi Arabia

Turkish journal of haematology : official journal of Turkish Society of Haematology, Jan 5, 2006

We followed 565 male patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in two hospitals of Saudi Ara... more We followed 565 male patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in two hospitals of Saudi Arabia. We investigated these cases for presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) by determining the HBsAg and anti-HCV. Anti-HCV positive cases were confirmed by PCR. The NHL cases were classified on the basis of working formulation. The results of HBV and HCV in cases of NHL were compared with the prevalence of these viruses in healthy male blood donors. We found 11.2% of cases of NHL were positive for HBV and 16.1% for HCV, compared to 3.4% HBV and 2.9% HCV among blood donors. The highest numbers of cases (48.4% of HBV and 56% of HCV) were seen in the intermediate and low grade of NHL, respectively. Follicular small cleaved was the predominant type in both types of infection. The variation in prevalence of HBV and HCV in NHL from that of the general population was statistically significant (p<0.001). We observed that the background prevalence of HBV definitely af...

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of laboratory errors and best laboratory practices

International Journal of Bioassays, 2016

Laboratory error is defined by ISO 22367 as “Failure of planned actions to be completed as intend... more Laboratory error is defined by ISO 22367 as “Failure of planned actions to be completed as intended or use a wrong plan to achieve an aim”. Lundeberg in 1981 outlined the concept of Total Testing Process (TTP) and Plebani elaborated it further and classified the whole testing process into five phases of Pre-Pre Analytic, Pre Analytic, Analytic, Post Analytic and Post - Post Analytic. The errors have to be identified and resolved in each phase of the process. The medical laboratories have to run Internal and External Quality Control programs and abide by the guidelines of ISO 15189 in order to be accredited by bodies like JCI, CAP or NABL. Active communication and regular interaction between the clinicians and the laboratory is recommended during Pre Analytic and Post Analytic phases of TTP in order to achieve the target of Best Laboratory Practices.

Research paper thumbnail of Effects and a dose response relationship of physical activity to high density lipoprotein cholesterol and body mass index among Saudis

Saudi Medical Journal, 2005

The objective of our study was to examine the effects and a dose response relationship of physica... more The objective of our study was to examine the effects and a dose response relationship of physical activity on plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and body mass index (BMI) among Saudi men and women living in the metropolis of Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The sample population of 474 Saudi men and women visiting the health centers in and around Riyadh was studied from September 2003 to February 2004. The population was classified in 4 physical activity groups on the basis of frequency (F), intensity (I) and time (T) of exercise. The F, I and T value was calculated by multiplying the scores of 3 parameters. Plasma HDL-C and BMI were measured and the association of HDL-C and BMI with all 4 levels of physical activity, sedentary, light, moderate and heavy were calculated applying Pearsons correlation coefficient. We found that the sedentary Saudi men had mean HDL-C levels of 0.65 +/- 0.25 and BMI of 28.7 while women had 0.70 +/- 0.22 HDL-C levels and 31.06 BMI. The moderate and heavy physical activity showed an increase of 53-92% and 44.2-95% in the HDL-C levels in both men and women. The physical activity had a strong association to HDL-C and an inverse association to BMI. The substantial increase in the levels of plasma HDL-C and a moderate reduction in BMI is seen in men and women who are at moderate and heavy physical activity status, however the HDL-C level does not reach to the coronary heart disease protective level, if not combined with proper dieting. A health awareness program is urgently needed at the primary care level in KSA to educate people regarding the significance of physical activity and proper diet.

Research paper thumbnail of Changing Scenario of Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Among Blood Donors

Journal of Blood Disorders & Transfusion, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Role of FNAC and antithyroid antibodies in the diagnosis of thyroid disorders

Indian journal of pathology & microbiology, 2003

Multiple parameters are needed to diagnose thyroid disorders. 100 cases of thyroid swellings were... more Multiple parameters are needed to diagnose thyroid disorders. 100 cases of thyroid swellings were studied by clinical assessment, hormonal assay, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), antithyroglobulin (Tg) and antimicrosomal (Tm) antibodies and histopathology. The cases were divided into four groups. Cases of thyroiditis on FNAC showed predominance of lymphocytes (76%), hurthle cells (77%), epithelioid cells and giant cells (31%) and high titres of Tg (66%) and Tm (92%). Non toxic goitre was characterized by colloid and foam cells (100%) and low positivity for Tg and Tm (25%). Toxic goitre showed colloid (30%). Hurthle cells, anisonucleosis of acinar cells (38%), fire flare (62%) and high positivity for Tg and Tm (73%). Neoplasia was diagnosed mainly by cell morphology on FNAC and a low positivity for Tg and Tm (30%). FNAC in correlation with thyroid antibodies is useful in diagnosing autoimmune thyroiditis, goitre, Grave's disease and malignancy of thyroid. Antibodies have a...

Research paper thumbnail of A Case of Early Ocular Manifestation of Maculopathy in a 37 year Old Male Patient of CLL

Indian Journal of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, 2014

B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) also called chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a disease o... more B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) also called chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a disease of elderly, but in rare cases it can occur in young adults. Majority of patients present with no specific symptoms, and CLL is suspected on the basis of high total and relative lymphocyte counts, discovered on routine blood examination. This patient was referred from medicine outpatient in our institute, Era&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s Lucknow Medical College &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Hospital for routine complete blood count. His total leukocyte count came out to be alarmingly high. The general blood picture and bone marrow examinations were consistent with CLL. On immunophenotyping CD5 and CD23 were positive. His cervical lymph nodes biopsy was reported as a case of CLL/small lymphocytic lymphoma. On his complaint of hazy vision his funduscopy revealed maculopathy. This makes our case a unique and rare one, as maculopathy in a young patient of CLL has not yet been reported from India.

Research paper thumbnail of Sarcoidosis presenting as a case of acute intestinal obstruction

Indian journal of pathology & microbiology, 2003

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of hemoglobin electrophoresis results and physicians investigative practices in Saudi Arabia

Indian Journal of Human Genetics, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of A comparative study of hematological parameters of α and β thalassemias in a high prevalence zone: Saudi Arabia

Indian Journal of Human Genetics, 2011

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Saudi Arabia falls in the high prevalent zone of αα and β thalassemias. Earl... more BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Saudi Arabia falls in the high prevalent zone of αα and β thalassemias. Early screening for the type of thalassemia is essential for further investigations and management. The study was carried out to differentiate the type of thalassemia based on red cell indices and other hematological parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out on 991 clinically suspected cases of thalassemias in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The hematological parameters were studied on Coulter STKS. Cellulose acetate hemoglobin electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were performed on all the blood samples. Gene deletion studies were carried out by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique using the restriction endonucleases Bam HI. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Statistical analysis was performed on SPSS 11.5 version. RESULTS: The hemoglobin electrophoresis and gene studies revealed that there were 406 (40.96%) and 59 (5.95 %) cases of β thalassemia trait and β thalassemia major respectively including adults and children. 426 cases of various deletion forms of α thalassemias were seen. Microcytosis was a common feature in β thalassemias trait and (-α/-α) and (-/αα) types of α thalassemias. MCH was a more significant distinguishing feature among thalassemias. β thalassemia major and α thalassemia (-α/αα) had almost normal hematological parameters. CONCLUSION: MCV and RBC counts are not statistically significant features for discriminating between α and β thalassemias. There is need for development of a discrimination index to differentiate between α and β thalassemias traits on the lines of discriminatory Indices

Research paper thumbnail of Role of LDH levels in differentiating anemias

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2021

Background: There is a need to differentiate megaloblastic anemia from mixed deficiency anemia as... more Background: There is a need to differentiate megaloblastic anemia from mixed deficiency anemia as both require different management protocols. With the acquisition of more information about them, tests such as serum vitamin estimation and Schilling test, were found to have their limitations. Hence there is a need to search newer diagnostic candidates to differentiate between megaloblastic anemia and mixed deficiency anemia. Aims and Objective: The current study was undertaken to find usefulness of serum Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) in differentiating megaloblastic anemia from mixed deficiency anemia. Materials and Methods: 100 patients were included in the study. Blood smears were stained and analysed. Complete blood counts were performed. Bone marrow examination was done, where needed. Biochemical tests were performed for estimation of vitamin B12, Folate and for LDH. Results: Out of the 100 cases 51 were diagnosed as megaloblastic anemia and 49 were diagnosed as mixed deficiency an...

Research paper thumbnail of Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia in children survival and prognostic factors

Research paper thumbnail of Prognostic Significance of Lewis y Antigen in Resected Stage I and II Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

CHEST Journal, 1998

Background: The role of Lewis y (Le y) antigen expression has been studied extensively in predict... more Background: The role of Lewis y (Le y) antigen expression has been studied extensively in predicting the outcome of various malignancies. We evaluated the expression of Le y and its relationship to survival, disease-free survival and other clinicopathologic variables in patients with stage I and II non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Objective: To investigate the prognostic significance of Le y antigen expression in a large group of well characterized patients with resected stage I and II NSCLC. Patients: Two hundred and sixty patients with surgically resected stage I (n ‫؍‬ 193) and II (n ‫؍‬ 67) NSCLC with at least 5-year follow-up were identified. Results: The median survival for patients with negative expression of Le y (< 50% of cells that were positive) was 46 months, whereas for those with positive expression of Le y (> 50%), the median survival was 54 months (p ‫؍‬ 0.99). The disease-free survival for patients with Le y (؊) expression was 39 months and 34 months for patients with Le y (؉) expression (p ‫؍‬ 0.3). Conclusions: We found no relationship between loss of blood group antigen A and expression of Le y. No statistically significant difference was found in survival between positive and negative expression of Le y antigen in patients with resected stage I and II NSCLC.

Research paper thumbnail of Polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and methionine synthase reductase genes and homocysteine levels in Brazilian children

American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, 2004

Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for thrombosis, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MT... more Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for thrombosis, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) polymorphisms, folate, and B12 levels could contribute to plasma homocysteine (Hcy) variation. Although well established in adults, few studies have been performed in childhood. In this study, we investigated association of polymorphisms C677T and A1298C in the MTHFR gene and A66G in the MTRR gene with Hcy levels in children. These polymorphisms, as well as Hcy, folate, and vitamin B12 levels were investigated in 220 normal children with ages ranging from 1 to 8 years. Plasma Hcy, folate, and vitamin B12 levels were normal in all children. None of the polymorphisms could be considered an independent risk factor for hyperhomocysteinemia during childhood. The median Hcy levels in 37 children (17%) doubly heterozygous for C677T and A1298C mutations in the MTHFR gene were not different from the other genotypes. However, the association of the different genotypes with Hcy, folate, and vitamin B12 levels demonstrated significant P-values. The folate levels demonstrated a statistically significant decrease (P = 0.0477) from the C677T mutation in the MTHFR gene (TT genotype) when compared to the other groups. Folate was the only independent risk factor for hyperhomocysteinemia. Thus, monitoring the concentrations of folate would be more helpful for evaluating hyperhomocysteinemia and for preventing cardiovascular disease.

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C among Blood Donors in Jos South LGA, Plateau State, Nigeria

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2013

Hepatitis B and C infections are infectious liver diseases that result from infection with hepati... more Hepatitis B and C infections are infectious liver diseases that result from infection with hepatitis B and C viruses and are transmitted via contact with contaminated blood and body fluids. This study was to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV infection among blood donors in Jos South Local Government Area. Two hundred and forty-five volunteers were screened for HBsAg and anti-HCV using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) tests. Fifty-one (51) volunteers (20.8%) were positive for HBsAg, 12 (4.9%) were positive for anti-HCV while 3 (1.2%) were found to be co-infected with both the viruses. Volunteers in the age group 20-29 years had the highest prevalence of HBV (9.8%) and HCV (2.45%) infections. Those between the ages of 10-19 had the least prevalence of HBV infection (1.2%) while ages 40-49 years had the least prevalence. Based on sample location, Dadin Kowa had the highest infection rate of HBV (5.7%) while Zawan had the least prevalence of HBV (2.0%). Zaramaganda had the highest infection rate of HCV infection (2.0%) while Dadin Kowa had the least (1.2%) and Turu Vom and Zawan having no infections. Gender analysis showed that males had the higher prevalence (15.9%) for HBV and 4.1% for HCV higher than the females with 4.9% for HBV and 0.8% for HCV. The distribution by marital status showed that the single and married subjects had equal prevalence, 10.2% for HBV while for HCV the married had a higher prevalence of 2.85% than the single who had a 2.05% prevalence. This study also revealed that all the cases of HBV and HCV co-infections came from Zaramaganda area in Jos and among married people aged between 20 to 29 years. Co-infection was 0.8 and 0.4% for males and females, respectively. These results revealed the presence and circulation of HBV and HCV in the studied areas. Other details have been discussed in the study.

Research paper thumbnail of Incidence of Bone Marrow Findings in Hematological Disorders Based on Age And Gender : An Observational Study

Global journal for research analysis, 2016

Bone marrow examination is useful in the diagnosis ofboth haematological and non haematological d... more Bone marrow examination is useful in the diagnosis ofboth haematological and non haematological disorders.Indications have included the diagnosis, staging, andtherapeutic monitoring for lymphoproliferative disorderssuch as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, hairy cell leukaemia, and multiplemyeloma. Furthermore, evaluation of cytopenia,thrombocytosis, leukocytosis, anaemia, and iron status canalso be done.This is also an important tool in the diagnosis of non-haematological disorders like storage diseases,granulomatous lesions, metastatic carcinoma, Pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO), anddisseminated infection in immunocompromised hosts.The two most important techniques used for the diagnosisare bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow trephinebiopsy which are complementary to each other. Aspirationof the marrow is primarily utilised for cytologicalassessment with analysis directed towards morphologyand obtaining a differential cell count. Biopsy is essen...

Research paper thumbnail of Primary Plasma Cell Leukemia- A Rare Case Report

Plasma cell leukemia is a rare disease entity where the number of clonal plasma cells in the peri... more Plasma cell leukemia is a rare disease entity where the number of clonal plasma cells in the peripheral blood exceeds 2X10 9 /l or 20% of the total leukocyte count. This plasma cell leukemia can be primary which is arising denovo or secondary as in the course of plasma cell myeloma. A 48 years old male patient came to the emergency outpatient department with complaints of acute renal failure without any prior history of diabetes or hypertension. On examination patient also had hepatosplenomegaly. Peripheral smear showed 56% plasmacytoid cells. Bone marrow aspirate and biopsy revealed a hyper cellular marrow. Marrow showed chiefly plasmablasts (32%) with plenty of abnormal plamacytoid cells (21%). Other marrow elements were grossly reduced. This case is presented because of its rarity, presenting at a younger age, primary type of plasma cell leukemia, presence of organomegaly and unique morphology of the cells in the blood and bone marrow.

Research paper thumbnail of Varied Clinico-haematological Presentation of Patients of Megaloblastic Anaemia with Deficiency of Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid in a Tertiary Care Center of Northern India

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH

Research paper thumbnail of Indices in differentiating iron deficiency anemia from thalassemia trait- a comparative study

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and beta thalassemia trait (BTT) are the two most common... more Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and beta thalassemia trait (BTT) are the two most common and important causes of microcytic hypochromic anemia in India. It is very difficult to differentiate between the two. Many different types of techniques have been proposed for the same. While some are invasive like bone marrow examination others are not available at all centers, like electrophoresis. Hence different indices come into play. Aims and Objective: This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of Shine and Lal index and Mentzer index in differentiating between IDA and BTT. Materials and Methods: A total of 407 anemia cases were studied over a period of 18 months and their blood samples were subject to different hematological and biochemical assays to diagnose the type of anemia. Results: Based on these tests 92.1% cases were found to be of IDA whereas 3.7% cases were found to be of BTT. Then both the indices were applied in the above mentioned cases. Conclusion: While Sh...

Research paper thumbnail of GST and MDR1 Gene Polymorphisms in Chronic Myeloid Leukemic Patients

Era's Journal of Medical Research

Chronic myeloid leukemia is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by Philadelphia chromosom... more Chronic myeloid leukemia is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by Philadelphia chromosome showing translocation 9:22(q34;q11). Many exogenous and endogenous substances lead to genetic alterations and result in development of cancer including chronic myeloid leukemia. Metabolizing Enzymes (phase1, 2 and 3) offer the first line of defense but multiple polymorphisms seen in these affect the ability of these enzymes to metabolize the carcinogens thereby increasing the individual's chance of suffering from cancer. Major gene polymorphisms are seen in Glutathione-S-Transferase family, Multi Drug Resistance Gene, Cytochrome P450 family, and recently reported Natural Killer Group Receptors Gene Polymorphism in Chronic myeloid leukemia. These gene polymorphisms also have been seen to affect individual's response totherapy. Hence it has now become essential to study this phenomenon of gene polymorphisms as it will show light on the fact as to how some individuals are more susceptible to develop cancer and why every individual has difference response to therapy in CML. This prospective will help in the treatment and follow up of these patients and give a broader picture of importance of these polymorphism in cancers like Chronic myeloid leukemia.

Research paper thumbnail of Frequency of Different Types of Leukemia in Bone Marrow- Study at a Tertiary Care Center, Lucknow

British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Hepatitis B&C virus infection in cases of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Saudi Arabia

Turkish journal of haematology : official journal of Turkish Society of Haematology, Jan 5, 2006

We followed 565 male patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in two hospitals of Saudi Ara... more We followed 565 male patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in two hospitals of Saudi Arabia. We investigated these cases for presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) by determining the HBsAg and anti-HCV. Anti-HCV positive cases were confirmed by PCR. The NHL cases were classified on the basis of working formulation. The results of HBV and HCV in cases of NHL were compared with the prevalence of these viruses in healthy male blood donors. We found 11.2% of cases of NHL were positive for HBV and 16.1% for HCV, compared to 3.4% HBV and 2.9% HCV among blood donors. The highest numbers of cases (48.4% of HBV and 56% of HCV) were seen in the intermediate and low grade of NHL, respectively. Follicular small cleaved was the predominant type in both types of infection. The variation in prevalence of HBV and HCV in NHL from that of the general population was statistically significant (p<0.001). We observed that the background prevalence of HBV definitely af...

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of laboratory errors and best laboratory practices

International Journal of Bioassays, 2016

Laboratory error is defined by ISO 22367 as “Failure of planned actions to be completed as intend... more Laboratory error is defined by ISO 22367 as “Failure of planned actions to be completed as intended or use a wrong plan to achieve an aim”. Lundeberg in 1981 outlined the concept of Total Testing Process (TTP) and Plebani elaborated it further and classified the whole testing process into five phases of Pre-Pre Analytic, Pre Analytic, Analytic, Post Analytic and Post - Post Analytic. The errors have to be identified and resolved in each phase of the process. The medical laboratories have to run Internal and External Quality Control programs and abide by the guidelines of ISO 15189 in order to be accredited by bodies like JCI, CAP or NABL. Active communication and regular interaction between the clinicians and the laboratory is recommended during Pre Analytic and Post Analytic phases of TTP in order to achieve the target of Best Laboratory Practices.

Research paper thumbnail of Effects and a dose response relationship of physical activity to high density lipoprotein cholesterol and body mass index among Saudis

Saudi Medical Journal, 2005

The objective of our study was to examine the effects and a dose response relationship of physica... more The objective of our study was to examine the effects and a dose response relationship of physical activity on plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and body mass index (BMI) among Saudi men and women living in the metropolis of Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The sample population of 474 Saudi men and women visiting the health centers in and around Riyadh was studied from September 2003 to February 2004. The population was classified in 4 physical activity groups on the basis of frequency (F), intensity (I) and time (T) of exercise. The F, I and T value was calculated by multiplying the scores of 3 parameters. Plasma HDL-C and BMI were measured and the association of HDL-C and BMI with all 4 levels of physical activity, sedentary, light, moderate and heavy were calculated applying Pearsons correlation coefficient. We found that the sedentary Saudi men had mean HDL-C levels of 0.65 +/- 0.25 and BMI of 28.7 while women had 0.70 +/- 0.22 HDL-C levels and 31.06 BMI. The moderate and heavy physical activity showed an increase of 53-92% and 44.2-95% in the HDL-C levels in both men and women. The physical activity had a strong association to HDL-C and an inverse association to BMI. The substantial increase in the levels of plasma HDL-C and a moderate reduction in BMI is seen in men and women who are at moderate and heavy physical activity status, however the HDL-C level does not reach to the coronary heart disease protective level, if not combined with proper dieting. A health awareness program is urgently needed at the primary care level in KSA to educate people regarding the significance of physical activity and proper diet.

Research paper thumbnail of Changing Scenario of Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Among Blood Donors

Journal of Blood Disorders & Transfusion, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Role of FNAC and antithyroid antibodies in the diagnosis of thyroid disorders

Indian journal of pathology & microbiology, 2003

Multiple parameters are needed to diagnose thyroid disorders. 100 cases of thyroid swellings were... more Multiple parameters are needed to diagnose thyroid disorders. 100 cases of thyroid swellings were studied by clinical assessment, hormonal assay, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), antithyroglobulin (Tg) and antimicrosomal (Tm) antibodies and histopathology. The cases were divided into four groups. Cases of thyroiditis on FNAC showed predominance of lymphocytes (76%), hurthle cells (77%), epithelioid cells and giant cells (31%) and high titres of Tg (66%) and Tm (92%). Non toxic goitre was characterized by colloid and foam cells (100%) and low positivity for Tg and Tm (25%). Toxic goitre showed colloid (30%). Hurthle cells, anisonucleosis of acinar cells (38%), fire flare (62%) and high positivity for Tg and Tm (73%). Neoplasia was diagnosed mainly by cell morphology on FNAC and a low positivity for Tg and Tm (30%). FNAC in correlation with thyroid antibodies is useful in diagnosing autoimmune thyroiditis, goitre, Grave's disease and malignancy of thyroid. Antibodies have a...

Research paper thumbnail of A Case of Early Ocular Manifestation of Maculopathy in a 37 year Old Male Patient of CLL

Indian Journal of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, 2014

B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) also called chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a disease o... more B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) also called chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a disease of elderly, but in rare cases it can occur in young adults. Majority of patients present with no specific symptoms, and CLL is suspected on the basis of high total and relative lymphocyte counts, discovered on routine blood examination. This patient was referred from medicine outpatient in our institute, Era&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s Lucknow Medical College &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Hospital for routine complete blood count. His total leukocyte count came out to be alarmingly high. The general blood picture and bone marrow examinations were consistent with CLL. On immunophenotyping CD5 and CD23 were positive. His cervical lymph nodes biopsy was reported as a case of CLL/small lymphocytic lymphoma. On his complaint of hazy vision his funduscopy revealed maculopathy. This makes our case a unique and rare one, as maculopathy in a young patient of CLL has not yet been reported from India.

Research paper thumbnail of Sarcoidosis presenting as a case of acute intestinal obstruction

Indian journal of pathology & microbiology, 2003

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of hemoglobin electrophoresis results and physicians investigative practices in Saudi Arabia

Indian Journal of Human Genetics, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of A comparative study of hematological parameters of α and β thalassemias in a high prevalence zone: Saudi Arabia

Indian Journal of Human Genetics, 2011

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Saudi Arabia falls in the high prevalent zone of αα and β thalassemias. Earl... more BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Saudi Arabia falls in the high prevalent zone of αα and β thalassemias. Early screening for the type of thalassemia is essential for further investigations and management. The study was carried out to differentiate the type of thalassemia based on red cell indices and other hematological parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out on 991 clinically suspected cases of thalassemias in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The hematological parameters were studied on Coulter STKS. Cellulose acetate hemoglobin electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were performed on all the blood samples. Gene deletion studies were carried out by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique using the restriction endonucleases Bam HI. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Statistical analysis was performed on SPSS 11.5 version. RESULTS: The hemoglobin electrophoresis and gene studies revealed that there were 406 (40.96%) and 59 (5.95 %) cases of β thalassemia trait and β thalassemia major respectively including adults and children. 426 cases of various deletion forms of α thalassemias were seen. Microcytosis was a common feature in β thalassemias trait and (-α/-α) and (-/αα) types of α thalassemias. MCH was a more significant distinguishing feature among thalassemias. β thalassemia major and α thalassemia (-α/αα) had almost normal hematological parameters. CONCLUSION: MCV and RBC counts are not statistically significant features for discriminating between α and β thalassemias. There is need for development of a discrimination index to differentiate between α and β thalassemias traits on the lines of discriminatory Indices