amin mridha | King Saud University (original) (raw)

Papers by amin mridha

Journal of Forestry Research

A microbial inoculant, known as effective microorganisms (EM), was applied to determine its effic... more A microbial inoculant, known as effective microorganisms (EM), was applied to determine its efficacy on seed germination and seedling growth in the nursery of Acacia auriculiformis A Cunn. ex Benth. The seedlings were grown in a mixture of sandy soil and cow dung (3:1) and kept in polybags; EM was poured at different concentrations (0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5% and 10%). Seed germination rate and growth parameters of seedlings — shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots, vigor, volume, and quality indices and sturdiness — were measured. The nodulation status influenced by EM was also observed, along with the measurement of pigment contents in leaves. The highest germination rate (72%) was observed in 2% EM solution while the lowest (55%) was found in control treatment. The highest shoot and root lengths (30.6 cm and 31.2 cm respectively) were recorded in 2% EM and were significantly (p

The Moringa is a fast-growing evergreen or deciduous, multipurpose tree species comprised of 13 s... more The Moringa is a fast-growing evergreen or deciduous, multipurpose tree species comprised of 13 species. They are thought to be native to India from where they have been introduced in many different tropical and subtropical countries and are now growing throughout the world including Saudi Arabia (Moringa peregrina - a native species). Moringa tree is regarded as an excellent source of nutrition for human food and as treatment of many different ailments in the indigenous system of medicine for human diseases. Leaves, green pods, flowers and roasted seeds are used as vegetable; roots are used as spice; seeds are used for cooking and cosmetic oil. Plants contain important preventive and curative compounds, which are being used as antimicrobial agent. Moringa plants are also used for many other purposes like water purifier, green manure, mycotrophic plants, reforestation, alley crop, gum, ornamental, pest control, animal feed etc. Because of its numerous economic importances, easy prop...

Dr. S. Aref (Champaign, IL, U.S.A.) Dr. G. Berardi (Bellingham, W A, U.S.A.) Prof. E. Boehncke (W... more Dr. S. Aref (Champaign, IL, U.S.A.) Dr. G. Berardi (Bellingham, W A, U.S.A.) Prof. E. Boehncke (Witzenhausen, Germany) Dr. R.L. Bugg (Davis, CA, U.S.A.) Robert A. Crowder (Lincoln, N.Z.) Dr. S. Elmholt (Tjele, Denmark) Prof. K.E. Giller (Wageningen, The Netherlands) Prof. S.B. Hill (Richmond, NSW, Australia) Dr. C.J. Hodgson (Cardiff, U.K.) Dr. S. Joshi (Bangalore, India) Dr. J.D.H. Keatinge (Andhra Pradesh, India) Prof. Dr. U. Koepke (Bonn, Germany) Dr. B. Kromp (Vienna, Austria) Dr. N. Lampkin (Aberystwyth, U.K.) Dr. C. Lightfoot (Montpellier, France) Prof. W. Lockeretz (Medford, MA, U.S.A.) Prof. J,V. Lovett (Kingston, ACT, Australia) Dr. S.P. Mathur (Ottawa, Canada) Prof. D.G. Patriquin (Halifax, Canada) Dr. B. Ramert (Uppsaia, Sweden) Dr. M. Raviv (Newe Ya'ar, Israel) Dr. A.M. Scofield (Wye, U.K.) Dr. V.N. Shroff (Indore, India) Dr. W. Van Averbeke (Pretoria, South Africa) Prof. H. Vogtmann (Bonn, Germany) Dr. E. Wynen (Belconnen, Canberra, Australia)

Academia Letters

amin mridha, King Saud University "An innovative concept to popularize agriculture among... more amin mridha, King Saud University "An innovative concept to popularize agriculture among rural people in their home state to increase the productivity of agriculture through the student's participation in the underdeveloped and developing countries with special reference to Bangladesh". What is the concept about? Student Agriculture or "One Student One Integrated Agriculture Farm" is a noble innovative concept and integrated approach for popularizing Agriculture (including Crops, Poultry & Dairy, Fisheries, and Forestry) to common people living mostly in the rural and also in urban areas of underdeveloped and developing countries including Bangladesh through the participation of students from the public and private educational institutes to improve the lifestyle of common rural people. Who will be responsible for implementing the program? Firstly, the program should have a top-down approach where the relevant ministries and government departments offer advice and guidance to the authorities of the educational institutes under their jurisdiction. They in turn should then offer that guidance to their respective students through a structured program that offers advice on what to do, how to do it, where to acquire resources. Secondly, the same advice could be provided through the union council chairman to the non-student demographic. Advice may also be provided through the available local and govt. and non-govt. organizations alongside political organizations working at the grass-root levels. Thirdly, a high power committee may be formed with the Secretary of the

Journal of Forestry Research

Journal of Arid Land, 2015

Pakistan Journal of Botany

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) regarded as ubiquitous soil fungi which help in improving plan... more Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) regarded as ubiquitous soil fungi which help in improving plant growth under harsh conditions. Petunia hybrida is one of the most favorite ornamental plants growing all over the Riyadh city of Saudi Arabia. In the present study, we would like to highlight the Petunia as a mycotrophic plant for the management of mycorrhizal fungi under field conditions. Roots along with rhizosphere soils of P. hybrida were collected from various sites in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia to study AM colonization and biodiversity of AMF. The data obtained in this study indicated that P. hybrida is a very highly mycotrophic plants, and all the samples produced very high colonization with mycelium, vesicles, coiled hyphae and arbuscules. The significant variation was found with the occurrence of mycelium and vesicles among the locations but in case of arbuscules more or less same range of occurrence was found. Only different species of Glomus were observed in all the locations. Glo...

Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology

Desert Truffles are being used in Saudi Arabia and many other Arabian Gulf countries for both foo... more Desert Truffles are being used in Saudi Arabia and many other Arabian Gulf countries for both food and medicine purposes for centuries. There is a lack of scientific knowledge about the biotechnology, ethnomycology, taxonomy, biodiversity, physiology, preservation, mycorrhization, cultivation, conservation etc of desert truffles in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). We made an extensive survey on literatures of different aspects of research on desert truffles both in KSA and other desert truffle growing countries of the World. In this review, we try to focus on the present status of research on desert truffles in KSA in relation to world literatures and then on the basis of the present literatures, we also suggested areas where immediately research may be conducted in KSA. The suggested areas are i) ethnomycological survey in different parts of KSA, which will provide baseline information about the truffles research, ii) Conventional taxonomic identification as well as molecular identif...

Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology

The Olive (Olea europaea L) was introduced in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) in 1980. The cultivat... more The Olive (Olea europaea L) was introduced in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) in 1980. The cultivation of olive in KSA increased rapidly because of suitable climatic conditions, increasing demand for olive oil, domestic use in different diets and its importance in the social life and economy of the country. The present status of available literatures on the role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) as Microbial Inoculants (MI), on growth improvement of olive plants were surveyed and presented here. It was found from the literatures that MI was used in many different olive growing countries of the World and it improved plant growth both in green house and field conditions. We also highlighted the need of research for olive plantations in KSA in relation to their availability in the soils, inoculum production, growth under green house and field conditions, role on improved water relation, tolerance to salinity and heavy metals, use of gre...

Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology

The percentage infection in the roots of different species with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ... more The percentage infection in the roots of different species with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi varied widely and independently, irrespective of plant species. The overall highest infection was recorded in Petunia hybrida and Gaillardia pulchella (97%), which was followed by Calendula officinalis (90%), Cynodon dactylon and Ocimum sanctum (87%), Convolvulus arvensis (70%), Phoenix dactylifera (53%), Tagetes patula (43%) and the lowest infection was found in Sesuvium portulacastrum (33%). The maximum vesicles were found in P. hybrida (97%), which was followed by G. pulchella (80%), C. officinalis (67%), O. sanctum (60%) and the minimum was in P. dactylifera (7%). In case of total infection with arbuscules, again the highest percentage of infection was recorded with P. hybrida (73%) and arbuscules were not found with C. arvensis, S. portulacastrum. The second and third highest percentage infection of arbuscule was recorded with C. officinalis (63%) and O. sanctum (57%). The intensity...

Journal of Forestry Research, 2013

Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia, 2013

Greater part of agriculturally important soils (45%) of Saudi Arabia is calcareous, sandy; have l... more Greater part of agriculturally important soils (45%) of Saudi Arabia is calcareous, sandy; have low water holding capacities, high infiltration rates, high evaporation rates, low fertility level, and very low organic matter content. The productivity of these soils is thus limited. The mentioned soil constraints can conceivably be alleviated through the use of Bio-organic fertilizer. Bio-Organic fertilizer is composed of Organic matter and some beneficial soil microorganisms like Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, P-solubilizing microorganisms, Trichoderma, Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum etc. Organic matter will improve the soil’s physical, chemical and biological properties and beneficial soil microorganisms can help increase plant growth by up-take of immobile nutrients, alleviate stresses like draught, salt, heavy metal, high temperatures etc.; establishment of transplanting seedlings, disease control, improve soil aggregates and control soil erosions etc. So Bio-organic fertilizer, an eco-friendly and cost effective technology, may be introduced immediately to increase quantitative and qualitative crop production in Arid Land Agriculture of Saudi Arabia. Particularly, in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), date palm cultivation is very important for the economy of the country. Usually the date palm plantations in KSA are grown with chemical fertilizers. As the date palm fruits are consumed directly so it is very important to grow fruits by using Bio-organic farming. To have safe fruits as food, Bio-organic farming may be introduced in the date palm plantations in KSA. This will not only to provide safe food but also improve the soil health (physical, chemical and biological conditions of the soil). Millions of people throughout the World are living in arid lands characterized as too dry for conventional rain fed agriculture. The dry land areas (40% of world land surface) are home to over 2 billion people, accounting for 35% of the world’s population. More than 90% of dry land inhabitants are in the developing world and 70% in rural areas. Approximately half of the poorest people in the world live in the dry areas. There is an urgent need to develop appropriate agriculture to feed theses millions of people. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with a total

Journal of Crop Production, 2001

Current World Environment Journal, 2014

Fungi are a large group of eukaryotes found as saprophytes, pathogens or endophytes, which distri... more Fungi are a large group of eukaryotes found as saprophytes, pathogens or endophytes, which distribute in every corner of our planet. As the main pathogens, fungi can cause 70–80% of total plant diseases, leading to huge crop yield reduction and economic loss. For identification of fungal plant pathogens, mycologists and plant pathologists have mainly gone through two stages, viz. morphological observation and morphology/phylogeny, and the next era might be utilizing DNA barcodes as the tool for rapid identification. This chapter accounts i) the brief history of development for fungal identification tools and main concepts, ii) the importance and confusion of “One fungus, one name” for pathogen identification, iii) more or fewer species that we need in agricultural practice, and iv) the foreground of fungal plant pathogen identification. These will help to solve the practical problems of identification of fungal pathogens in agricultural production.

Journal of King Saud University - Science

Student Agriculture: One Student One Integrated Agriculture Farm, 2021

amin mridha, King Saud University "An innovative concept to popularize agriculture among rural pe... more amin mridha, King Saud University "An innovative concept to popularize agriculture among rural people in their home state to increase the productivity of agriculture through the student's participation in the underdeveloped and developing countries with special reference to Bangladesh". What is the concept about? Student Agriculture or "One Student One Integrated Agriculture Farm" is a noble innovative concept and integrated approach for popularizing Agriculture (including Crops, Poultry & Dairy, Fisheries, and Forestry) to common people living mostly in the rural and also in urban areas of underdeveloped and developing countries including Bangladesh through the participation of students from the public and private educational institutes to improve the lifestyle of common rural people. Who will be responsible for implementing the program? Firstly, the program should have a top-down approach where the relevant ministries and government departments offer advice and guidance to the authorities of the educational institutes under their jurisdiction. They in turn should then offer that guidance to their respective students through a structured program that offers advice on what to do, how to do it, where to acquire resources. Secondly, the same advice could be provided through the union council chairman to the non-student demographic. Advice may also be provided through the available local and govt. and non-govt. organizations alongside political organizations working at the grass-root levels. Thirdly, a high power committee may be formed with the Secretary of the

Journal of Forestry Research

Academia Letters

Journal of Forestry Research

Journal of Arid Land, 2015

Pakistan Journal of Botany

Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology

Journal of Forestry Research, 2013

Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia, 2013

Journal of Crop Production, 2001

Current World Environment Journal, 2014

Journal of King Saud University - Science

Student Agriculture: One Student One Integrated Agriculture Farm, 2021

Short Biography of Dr. M.A.U. Mridha I am a former Professor of Plant Production Depa... more Short Biography of Dr. M.A.U. Mridha

I am a former Professor of Plant Production Department, King Saud University (from 2011-2016) and of Botany, Chittagong University (from 1992-2011), Bangladesh. I was the founder Vice Chancellor, Pabna University of Science and Technology (from 2008-2009). I performed the responsibility of designated Vice Chancellor of Bestway University (under consideration for Govt. approval). I did my Ph.D. from The University of London and DIC from the Imperial College of Science and Technology London in 1983. After having B.Sc. hons. (first class ninth position) and M.Sc. Ag. (first class first position) from Bangladesh Agril. University, I joined as lecturer in 1975 in Chittagong University, Bangladesh and became Professor in 1992 at the age of only 40 years. I enjoyed eight International Fellowships (in U.K., USA, Japan, Germany, India etc), supervised many research projects, guided nearly a dozen of Ph. D. and more than 5 dozens of M.Sc. research students. I have published over 190 scientific research papers. Three books have already been published from Germany and two more are in process. I am engaged as Co-supervisor of Ph. D. student and Co-investigators of several NPST funded Research Projects in KSU, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. I have also written a booklet integrating seven different innovative approaches in controlling the Red Palm Weevil, a dangerous insect pest of Date Palm throughout the World.
I am a Distinguished Fellow of Bangladesh Academy of Agriculture, member of Scientific Committee of Bangladesh Academy of Science from 1994-2000. I had the opportunity to Chair in different scientific sessions in many different professional conferences in home and abroad. I am deeply associated as life member, editor and reviewer of many different scientific journals all over the World. I have supervised a number of research projects financed by UGC, Ministry of Science and technology Govt. of Bangladesh, BCSIR, BARC, USDA etc. I had the opportunity to visit United Kingdom, America, Japan, Germany, France, Australia, India, Malaysia, Taiwan, Austria, Canada, Spain, Saudi Arabia etc.

Please Contact: Prof. Dr. Md. Amin Uddin Mridha (Email: mridha52@gmail.com, Mob.008801731896661 ... more Please Contact:
Prof. Dr. Md. Amin Uddin Mridha (Email: mridha52@gmail.com, Mob.008801731896661 and Mr. Quaderi, Dubai no. 00971551905348)
for application in the field and commercial production for business purpose

Highlight: Super Bio-organic fertilizer is composed of organic fertilizer (like compost from municipal organic waste and waste plant materials, cow dung and poultry manure, rice husk etc.); beneficial microbial inoculants (e.g. arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and other beneficial soil fungi and bacteria including Rhizobium), green manure (from mycotrophic plants e.g. Sesbania, Cassia, Leucus etc ); natural fertilizers (rock phosphate , fish meal , bone meal etc); antimicrobial plants like Neem powder etc. So far not much work has been done throughout the world on the use of highly beneficial soil fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), other beneficial soil fungi and bacteria, along with green manure plants and compost for growth improvement of crop plants in an integrated systems. Application of organic fertilizers improved structural stability and lower bulk density of the soil, improved moisture retention, water infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivity of the soil . Green manure will improve the soil's physical, chemical and biological properties. AMF and other beneficial microorganisms can help increase plant growth by up-take of immobile nutrients, alleviate stresses like draught, salt, heavy metal, high temperatures etc.; establish transplanting seedlings, disease control, improve soil aggregates and control soil erosions etc. The green cultivation technologies are an innovative technology and it will be helpful to the growers for organically produced safe plant products of crop plants for human consumption and medicinal purposes, Neem leaf powder will be protecting the crop from insect pest and soil borne pathogenic organisms. Natural fertilizers will be helpful for proper growth of the plants. In conclusion, the Super Bio-organic is an ideal fertilizers for the production of safe food and medicinal plants for human consumption. The technology will be highly useful right now in Date Palm, Olive, vegetable crops and other food crops in your country. Additional advantage of using organic wastes of different sources for the preparation of basic organic materials or preparation of Bio-organic fertilizer and no use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides will directly or indirectly reduce the environmental pollution.

Requirements :
Compost / manures as base material for Super Bio-organic may be prepared from Municipal organic wastes or plant material of different types. For our own products we need several industrial establishments in various suitable locations where raw material may be readily available. One cycle of preparation of mature/ composts will need about 45-60 days. The establishment will be raised in several cities where land and supply of raw materials will be available according to the requirement. Some of the microbial inoculants (MI) may be added during the preparation of raw materials to facilitate rapid decomposition and also to transfer the inoculants to the field or plantings sites through Super Bio organic fertilizers. Rest of the MI may be incorporated before packing. Most of the MI may be prepared under laboratory conditions except Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) which may be developed under field conditions with suitable mycotrophic plants (like Sesbania, Cassia, Leucus etc for inoculum production as well as for green manure) as because MI are obligate symbionts. The measured amount of MI, natural fertilizers, neem powder etc may also be added during packing. We need a research laboratory and green house space with sufficient manpower for continuous improvement of our products through practical research with candidates crops by measuring the physical and chemical parameters of plants and soil physical and chemical parameters may also be estimated to determine the residual value.

Please contact: Prof. Mridha, Bd. (Email: mridha52@gmail.com, Mob.008801731896661; Mr. Quaderi, D... more Please contact: Prof. Mridha, Bd. (Email: mridha52@gmail.com, Mob.008801731896661; Mr. Quaderi, Dubai No. 00971551905348
The red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier is one of the most severe and deadly pests of date palms Phoenix dactylifera L. The Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies in controlling the infestation of RPW in date palm throughout the world involves surveillance, cultural control, chemical control, mass pheromone trapping, biological control, mechanical control, quarantine control etc. with limited success. To handle this gigantic problem of management of RPW in date palm, it is urgently in need of new initiatives to find out appropriate methods for control of RPW integrating IPM strategies, especially the adverse effects of pesticides and low efficacy of other methods followed for IPM. First innovative ideas may be integrated with existing IPM by covering the base of the stems with insect proof net to avoid the insects. In next innovative approach, pests and disease resistance stock and /or tissue cultures plantlets may be selected for raising new plantation to avoid infestation of RPW through good stocks. In a third approach, green cultivation techniques with bio-organic (composed of organic matters, beneficial soils microorganism and green manure crops etc) may be introduced to provide balanced nutrients, improve water relations, avoid soil borne pathogenic fungi, provide mulches, inoculum for next year crops etc. This integration with IPM will help in growth of healthy plants that will directly or indirectly help the plants to avoid infestation of RPW. Another added method is to incorporate the entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes with the bio-organic which will kill the insects in the soils and the airborne inoculum of fungi will serve as infective propagules for infestation of the insects. In another very effective approach, instead of using pesticides, eco-friendly and costs effective silver Nano particles (available in our laboratory) may be integrated by spraying all plants and in addition injecting the infested plants. This can also be used as dressing to clean areas of infested parts (tissues) as preventive and curative measures in controlling the RPW. Again in another new integrated approach, along with the conventional bio pesticides products, the insect repellent trees, herbs and shrubs like Neem (Azadirachta indica), Mint (Mentha), Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon citratus), Lavender, Petunias, Chrysanthemums, Marigolds etc. may be planted in between the rows and the plants to avoid contact of the date palm plants with RPW insects. This also provides leaf biomass through shredded leaves in the soils as well as to killing harmful insects and pathogens by their insecticidal and antimicrobial activities. They also act as mulches crops and weed suppressive plants. In final integrated approach, modified trap with light and fan (developed in our laboratory) may be introduced. We hope and believe that our proposed new approaches will provide useful ideas in controlling the RPW, a deadly pest in date palm.

سوسة النخيل الحمراء (RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier هي واحدة من الآفات الفتاكة والقاتلة لنخيل التمر Phoenix dactylifera L ، واستراتيجيات إدارة الآفات المتكاملة (IPM) في السيطرة على الإصابة من سوسة النخيل الحمراء RPW في جميع أنحاء العالم ينطوي على المراقبة و محاولة السيطرة على هذه الأفة عن طريق المكافحة الكيماوية، وأستخدام مصائد الفرمون ، والمكافحة البيولوجية، والمكافحة الميكانيكية، والحجر الزراعي وما إلى ذلك من وسائل ثبت أن نجاحها محدود.
للتعامل مع هذه المشكلة و لإدارة سوسة النخيل الحمراء RPW في النخيل، فإننا بحاجة ماسة إلى مبادرات جديدة للتعرف على الطرق المناسبة للسيطرة على سوسة النخيل الحمراء وربما دمج بعض استراتيجيات الإدارة المتكاملة للآفات، خاصة في ضل الآثار الضارة للمبيدات والفعالية المنخفضة للأساليب الأخرى. الأفكار المبتكرة الأولى قد يكون دمج IPM مع الإدارة المتكاملة للآفات القائمة من خلال تغطية القاعدة و انسجة ساق النخلة بشبكة واقية لمنع الاصابة بالحشرات.
وفي نهج مبتكر اتخر، يمكن اختيار الاصناف و/ أو الشتلات المقاومة للأمراض, او عن طريق زراعة الأنسجة حيث يمكن تطوير اصناف مقاومة لهذه الافغه لتجنب الإصابة من سوسة النخيل الحمراء RPW من خلال جذع الشجرة الجيد. وفي نهج ثالث، يمكن استخدام اسلليب الزراعة العضوية و المكون العضوي (يتألف من المواد العضوية، والكائنات المجهزة المفيدة في التربة، ومحاصيل السماد الأخضر) مما قد يوفير المواد الغذائية المتوازنة، وتحسين العلاقات المائيه وتجنب الفطريات المسببة للأمراض في التربة، وبالتالي هذا التكامل مع الإدارة المتكاملة للآفات يساعد في نمو النباتات الصحية حيث تساعد IPM بشكل مباشر أو غير مباشر في تحسين قدرة النباتات لتجنب الإصابة من سوسة النخيل الحمراء RPW .
وطريقة أخرى مضافة هو دمج الفطريات الممرضة للحشرات والديدان الخيطية(تانيماتودا) مع المكون العضوي مما سيقتل الحشرات في التربة ويقلل من احتمالية الاصابة و غزو الحشرات. في منهجيه أخرى فعاله جدا وصديقة للبيئة (متوفرة في مختبرنا) ، قبدلا من استخدام المبيدات، قد يكون استخدام جزئيات النانو الفضية ورش جميع النباتات بالإضافة الى حقن النباتات المصابة، و يستخدم أيضا مع كشط وتنظيف المناطق المصابة (الأنسجة)، كتدابير وقائية وعلاجية في السيطرة على سوسة النخيل الحمراء RPW .
مرة أخرى في نهج متكامل جديد آخر، تستخدم المنتجات او المبيدات الحيوية التقليدية، حيث تزرع الأشجار والأعشاب والشجيرات الطارده للحشرات مثل شجرة النيم (Azadirachta indica) ، والنعناع (Mentha) وعشب الليمون (Cymbopogon citratus) ، ولافندر، وزهور البتونيا، والأقحوان، والقطيفة وما إلى ذلك بين الصفوف لتجنب الاتصال بين اشجار النخيل و وسهولة انتقال سوسة النخيل الحمراء بينها. وهذا يوفر أيضا كثافة في الأوراق المتساقطة على سطح التربة، مما يساعد في قتل الحشرات الضارة، ومسببات الأمراض عن طريق مكوناتها ونشاط الميكروبات التحليلي لهذه المواد ، وهذا أيضا يعمل بمثابة تغطية لسطح التربة وتقليل من نمو الاعشاب الضارة.
وفي نهج متكامل نهائي، قد تكون إدخال فخ معدل. نأمل ونعتقد أن نهجنا الجديد المقترح سيوفر أفكارا مفيده في المراقبة على سوسة النخيل الحمراء RPW ، الآفة القاتلة في النخيل.