Professor Dr. Metha Wanapat | Khon Kaen University (original) (raw)

Papers by Professor Dr. Metha Wanapat

The Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) - Production and Research, 2017

The swamp and the river type constitute two distinct clades of buffaloes. A long period of isolat... more The swamp and the river type constitute two distinct clades of buffaloes. A long period of isolation and the lack of crossbreeding allowed an evident morpho-functional differentiation of the Mediterranean river type, whose population has increased 19 fold in Italy in the past fifty years. This increase lies in the growing interest in the productive characteristics of this rustic animal, actually breed mainly as dairy purpose animal. Marker assisted selection may represent a possible option for designing a suitable breeding scheme for Italian river buffaloes. Gene polymorphisms significantly associated to milk production traits may provide useful indications for identifying selection candidates with high genetic merit. The literature associated with different aspects of the genetic progress of buffalo is abundant, this chapter is a review of a part of publications dealing with the molecular bases for the improvement of the quali-quantitative characteristics of the Italian dairy buffaloes mainly during the last decade.

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 2016

BMC Veterinary Research, Dec 1, 2020

Background: Good quality protein as an on-farm feed resource has been in great demand to support ... more Background: Good quality protein as an on-farm feed resource has been in great demand to support the productivity of ruminants. A digestion trial using beef cattle crossbreds was conducted to assess the four dietary treatments of Flemingia macrophylla silage (FMS) supplementation at 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 kg dry matter (DM)/day in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Feed DM intakes were measured during the 14 days and sample of feeds, feces, urine, as well as rumen fluid and blood were collected during the 7 days while the animals were on metabolism crates. Results: Based on this experiment strategic supplementation of FMS increased (P < 0.05) nutrients digestibility (organic matter, crude protein, and acid detergent fiber) enhanced rumen total volatile fatty acid production especially propionic acid (C 3), C 2 :C 3 ratio while, remarkably promoted the microbial protein synthesis (MPS) by increasing N-balance and retention of purine derivatives. Conclusions: Under this experiment, the results revealed the potential use of FMS as a good-quality feed to improve nutrients digestibility, rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, and to mitigate methane production. FMS supplementation at 0.6 kg DM/day exhibited the best result.

Fermentation, May 20, 2022

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Animals, Nov 22, 2022

Asian-australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, May 1, 2020

Objective: The experiment was conducted to study the effect of rambutan (Nephelium lappa ceum) fr... more Objective: The experiment was conducted to study the effect of rambutan (Nephelium lappa ceum) fruit peel powder (RP) on feed consumption, digestibility of nutrients, ruminal fer mentation dynamics and microbial population in Thai breed cattle. Methods: Four, 2year old (250±15 kg) beef bull crossbreds (75% Brahman×25% local breed) were allotted to experimental treatments using a 4×4 Latin square design. Four dietary supplementation treatments were imposed; nonsupplementation (control, T1); supplementation of RP fed at 2% of dry matter intake (DMI) (low, T2); supplementation of RP fed at 4% of DMI (medium, T3) and supplementation of RP fed at 6% of DMI (high, T4). All cattle were given a concentrate supplement at 1% of body weight while Napier grass was provided as a free choice. Results: The findings revealed that RP supplementation did not negatively affect (p>0.05) DMI of Napier grass, while RP intake and total DMI were the greatest in the RP supplemen tation at 4% and 6% DMI. Nevertheless, the nutrients (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber) digestibilities were not changed in the RP supplementation groups. Rumen fermentation parameters especially those of total volatile fatty acids, acetate and butyrate were not significantly changed. However, the pro pionate concentration was remarkably increased (p<0.05) in the RP supplementation. Notably, the ratio of acetate to propionate, the number of protozoa, as well as the methane estimation were significantly reduced in the RP supplemented groups (4% and 6% of DMI), while the counts of bacteria was not altered. Conclusion: Supplementation of RP (4% of DMI) improved rumen propionate production, reduced protozoal population and methane estimation (p<0.05) without a negative effect on feed consumption and nutrients total tract digestibilities in beef cattle. Using dietary rambutan fruit peel powder has potential promise as a rumen regulator.

Asian-australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, Jun 27, 2007

Recently, we have reported that the semi-wild bovid species, the Gayal or Mithun (Bos frontalis),... more Recently, we have reported that the semi-wild bovid species, the Gayal or Mithun (Bos frontalis), which is found naturally in harsh environments of Indo-China (Rajkhowa et al., 2006) where the diet consists predominantly of bamboo, reeds and woody plants, exhibit rumen characteristics which differ from those of cattle (Deng et al., 2007a, b). Gayal can attain greater mature body weight than cattle maintained in similar environments (Cheng, 1984; Giasuddin and Islam, 2003; Mao et al., 2005). Gayal also demonstrate good beef traits (Giasuddin et al., 2003) and better meat quality than native Yellow Cattle (Ge et al., 1996). Moreover, local government authorities have encouraged development by using locally specific livestock resources including the Gayal and black-boned sheep (Ovis aries) to improve cash income for impoverished local communities (

Antioxidants

The objective of the research was to investigate the bioactive compounds of herbal plant leaves b... more The objective of the research was to investigate the bioactive compounds of herbal plant leaves by microencapsulation technique for future application as a feed additive. In this experiment, three herbal plant leaves, namely Cannabis sativa L., Cannabis indica L., and Mitragyna speiosa K., were comparatively investigated using different methods to extract their bioactive compounds. Two methods were used to extract the bioactive compounds: microwave extraction (water-heating transferred) and maceration extraction (methanol extracted). The results obtained using microwave extraction revealed that the total polyphenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity were significantly higher and stronger, respectively, than those produced by the maceration extraction method (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the spray-drying technique was employed to enhance the extracted compounds by encapsulation with chitosan through ionic gelation properties. The physical characteristics of chitosan-enca...

Agriculture

This work aimed to examine the effects of binding proteins from Gryllus bimaculatus with Sesbania... more This work aimed to examine the effects of binding proteins from Gryllus bimaculatus with Sesbania grandiflora phytonutrient on gas dynamics, in vitro digestibility, and ruminal fermentation characteristics. For rumen fluid sources, two dairy bulls with permanent cannulas were used as donors. G. bimaculatus and S. grandiflora powder were combined in the following ratios: 100:0, 99:1, 98:2, 97:3, 96:4, 95:5, 94:6, and 93:7. As 7% of S. grandiflora and 3% of G. bimaculatus were combined, the rumen undegradable protein increased by 45.8% when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). All gas kinetics were not substantially different across treatments, except for cumulative gas output during 96 h of incubation (p < 0.05). Comparing the G. bimaculatus powder to S. grandiflora at a ratio of 95:5 to 93:7 revealed an increase in cumulative gas production (p < 0.05), compared to the other groups. Reduction of G. bimaculatus resulted in a linear increase of in vitro dry matter digesti...

Fermentation

The purpose of this study was to determine how ruminal Crabtree-negative yeast affects the nutrit... more The purpose of this study was to determine how ruminal Crabtree-negative yeast affects the nutritional characteristics of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) tubers (WBT), in vitro gas and digestibility, and rumen fermentation. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete design with a 5 × 2 (+1) factorial arrangement. Factor A determined the WBT products (a1 = dry WBT, a2 = fermented WBT without yeast in media solution, a3 = fermented WBT with Pichia kudriavzevii KKU20, a4 = fermented WBT with Candida tropicalis KKU20, and a5 = fermented WBT with Saccharomyces cerevisiae), whereas factor B determined the level of fermented WBT replacing cassava chips (b1 = WBT at 50% and b2 = 100% levels). The results of the experiment showed that the fermentation approach could increase the crude protein (CP) content of WBT by around 7% (p < 0.01). The WBT fermented with yeast lowered the number of aerobic bacteria during the fermentation process (p < 0.01). P. kudriazevii K...

Animal Bioscience, 2021

Objective: In this study we aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary live yeast supplementation on... more Objective: In this study we aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary live yeast supplementation on ruminal pH pattern, fermentation characteristics and associated bacteria in beef cattle.Methods: This work comprised of in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro fermentation was conducted by incubating 0%, 0.05%, 0.075%, 0.1%, 0.125%, and 0.15% active dried yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ADY) with total mixed ration substrate to determine its dose effect. According to in vitro results, 0.1% ADY inclusion level was assigned in in vivo study for continuously monitoring ruminal fermentation characteristics and microbes. Six ruminally cannulated steers were randomly assigned to 2 treatments (Control and ADY supplementation) as two-period crossover design (30-day). Blood samples were harvested before-feeding and rumen fluid was sampled at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 h post-feeding on 30 d.Results: After 24 h in vitro fermentation, pH and gas production were increased at 0.1% ADY where ammonia nit...

This experiment aimed at studying the effects of cassava chip (CC) as energy source replacement f... more This experiment aimed at studying the effects of cassava chip (CC) as energy source replacement for corn meal on feed intake, digestibility and rumen fermentation. Ten, Thai Native (TN) x Anglo Nubian (AN) crossbred goats with average live weight 27+2 kg were randomly assigned according to a 5x5 Replicated Latin square design to receive five diets, T1= 0 % CC), T2= 25% CC, T3= 50% CC T4= 75% CC and T5= 100% CC, of dietary dry matter, respectively. Fresh napier grass (FEG) was offered on ad lib basis. Based on this experiment, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) among treatment groups regarding DM intake and digestion coefficients of nutrients (OM and NDF), except in T5 (100% CC) which was lower (p<0.05) in digestion coefficients of CP than those in T1 and T3, respectively. Ruminal pH, NH3–N and BUN were similar among treatments. Base on this experiment, it could be concluded that the optimal level of CC in a goat diet is suggested as being between 25-75% of CC when ...

Animal Science Journal, 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different levels of fibrolytic enzyme on nut... more The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different levels of fibrolytic enzyme on nutrient utilization and milk production in dairy cows. Four multiparous early-to-mid-lactation Holstein-Friesian crossbred cows were randomly allocated in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Cows were fed a balanced total mixed ration (TMR) on a dry matter (DM) basis containing 0, 1.2, 2.4, and 3.6 g/kg DM of fibrolytic enzyme in TMR, where the TMR comprises 60% concentrate supplemented with a fibrolytic enzyme at 0, 2, 4, and 6 g/kg DM of concentrate, and 40% urea-molasses-treated sugarcane bagasse (UMSB) was used as a roughage source. Fibrolytic enzyme supplementation in TMR containing UMSB did not affect dry matter intake (DMI) of dairy cows (p > 0.05). There was a quadratic effect of fibrolytic enzyme levels on the digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) (p < 0.05), and the maximal response was reached at 1.2-2.4 g/kg DM of fibrolytic enzyme added in the TMR. Furthermore, 3.5% fat-corrected milk, milk fat, total volatile fatty acids, and propionic acid were greater in a cow fed with 1.2-2.4 g/kg DM of fibrolytic enzyme, resulting in a lower ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid (p < 0.05). In conclusion, adding a fibrolytic enzyme in TMR containing UMSB improved nutrient utilization, rumen fermentation, and milk production of lactating dairy cows.

Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 2020

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus, cellulase, and molasses ... more The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus, cellulase, and molasses on chemical composition, fermentation qualities, and microorganism count of sugarcane bagasse silage after 30-days fermentation. The treatments were arranged according to a factorial arrangement (2 × 2 × 2) + 1, in a complete randomized design. The first factor consisted of two levels of Lactobacillus casei TH14 (TH14, 0 and 0.05 g/kg fresh matter; the second factor consisted of two levels of cellulase enzyme (C, 0 and 10 4 U/kg fresh matter); and the third factor consisted of two levels of molasses (M, 0 and 5 g/ 100 mL distilled water). A treatment (+1) referred to the use of rice straw without any treatments. The result showed that dry matter increased by 4% and neutral detergent fiber decreased by 2% of sugarcane bagasse when ensiled as a combination of additives as compared to untreated sugarcane bagasse. The pH and ammonia nitrogen were significantly dropped to 3.5 and 2.3 g/kg dry matter. Furthermore, lactic acid was increased by 64% when compared to untreated sugarcane bagasse, respectively. Lactic acid bacteria count was increased by 28% as compared to untreated sugarcane bagasse. Based on this experiment, fermenting with L. casei TH14, cellulase, and molasses in combination resulted in the promotion of the best qualities of sugarcane bagasse silage.

Applied Animal Science, 2021

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to determine the influences of feeding high-quality ... more ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to determine the influences of feeding high-quality oil palm frond pellets (HOPFP) as a replacement for concentrate on the DMI, nutrient digestion, rumen fermentation, milk production, and milk composition in lactating dairy cows. Material and Methods Four, multiparous 75% Holstein Friesian cows were assigned in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to receive HOPFP as a dietary replacement for concentrate at 0, 25, 50, and 75% (DM basis). Cows were fed concentrate + HOPFP at a 2:1 ratio of daily milk production to diet, and urea-treated rice straw (5% urea) was fed ad libitum as roughage. Results and Discussion Concentrate + HOPFP feed intake, total DMI (kg/d and %BW), nutrient digestibility, and nutrient intake of DM and OM were significantly greater in cows that received 25% HOPFP than those in those in other groups (P 0.05). Implication and Application The HOPFP can be used as an alternative feed resource for lactating dairy cows. Practically, smallholder farmers with low- and medium-producing dairy cows could use the findings.

Livestock Science, 2021

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different concentrations of r... more Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different concentrations of rice straw (RS) and purple corn stover (PCS) treated with Volvariella volvacea fed in total mixed rations (TMR) on ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites, calculated methane (CH4) production, and milk fatty acid profile in mid-lactation crossbred Holstein Friesian cows. The experimental design was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Factor A included roughage type (V. volvacea-treated RS and V. volvacea-treated PCS), and Factor B included roughage (R)-to-concentrate (C) ratio (R:C) (50:50 and 60:40). The four dietary treatment combinations were 1) RS with an R:C ratio of 50:50 (RS50); 2) RS with an R:C ratio of 60:40 (RS60); 3) PCS with an R:C ratio of 50:50 (PCS50); and 4) PCS with an R:C ratio of 60:40 (PCS60). Different roughage sources did not alter total tract digestibility of DM, OM, and NDF (P > 0.05), but PCS increased NDF digestibility by 4.6 percentage units and CP digestibility by 15.6 percentage units. Roughage types influenced rumen propionic acid (C3) concentration 4 h after feeding with PCA increasing higher C3 concentration compared to RS at both R:C ratios. There was no interaction between roughage types and the R:C ratio for CH4 emission calculated based on volatile fatty acid profiles. However, roughage type impacted CH4 emission. Calculated CH4 concentration was lower in PCS than RS. Changing the R:C ratio did not alter milk production, milk composition, or somatic cell count (SCC). Moreover, roughage type did not influence milk production and milk composition, except for SCC which was lower in PCS. Roughage type and the R:C ratio independently influenced milk fat arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6) concentration. Furthermore, the PCS group had higher conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) than the RS groups. The proportion of total C18:0 and cis-9 C18:1 in milk fat increased 10% with the feeding of PCS50 and PCS60. However, milk cis-9, trans-11 C18:2 increased by 61% in the PCS group (P

Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2020

This study aimed to compare growth performance of Lowline Angus crossbred with Thai native cattle... more This study aimed to compare growth performance of Lowline Angus crossbred with Thai native cattle under a grazing system with supplementation of fermented cassava starch residue. Three Ruzi grass sub-fields were used for twenty heads of beef cattle for a 7-month experiment from February to August 2017. Yeast, molasses, and urea-fermented cassava starch residue was offered at 1.50% BW of animal. Blood metabolite and fecal composition were determined for health and nutritional stage assessment. The temperature-humidity index was highest (75.6-84.6) in April. Overall growth rate of beef cattle was not significantly different among breeds except in the first month when the native had greater weight gain than the crossbred. Average daily gain was 353 and 345 g for Thai native and its crossbred with Lowline Angus, respectively. Blood triglyceride concentration sampled at 7 months of the native was higher than that of the crossbred; in contrast, blood cholesterol of the crossbred tended to be higher than that of the native. Other blood metabolites including glucose, cholesterol, urea nitrogen, creatinine, total protein, albumin, and globulin were comparable between breeds. The native and the crossbred were similar in fecal composition, ruminal fermentation end-products (ammonia nitrogen and volatile fatty acids), and microbial population. Therefore, under grazing condition with low-quality feed supplementation, Thai native beef cattle and its Lowline Angus crossbred had similar growth rate, health, and nutritional status.

Animal Nutrition, 2019

The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of hydrogenated palm oil (HPO) added to... more The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of hydrogenated palm oil (HPO) added to a dairy goat diet on serum biochemistry and progesterone levels. Thirty pregnant Cilentana dairy goats were equally divided into 2 groups (control [CTR] and HPO groups). After kidding, concentrated feed for both groups was gradually increased up to 400 g/(animal$d), and the HPO group received 50 g/(animal$d) of HPO. Supplementation with HPO significantly increased cholesterol levels (mg/dL, 63.80 vs. 54.68 at 30 d, P 0.05; 78.20 vs. 58.00 at 60 d, P 0.05; 83.80 vs. 57.83 at 120 d, P 0.01) compared with the CTR group although no significant differences were detected for liver and kidney function indicators. Moreover, other biochemical parameters were not affected by HPO supplementation thus suggesting no change occurred in lipid and protein metabolism. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between progesterone levels and serum cholesterol (r ¼ 0.65, P 0.01) although these were not significantly higher in HPO supplemented goats. The dose and time of HPO supplementation appears critical as regards assessing the limits between the risks and benefits of HPO supplementation in dairy goats. At the tested dose, HPO was well tolerated by the animals and may represent a useful tool to increase energy availability during highly demanding periods.

Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2018

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of feeding fresh cassava root (CR) alon... more The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of feeding fresh cassava root (CR) along with a feed block containing high was to sulfur (FBS) on feed intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation, and blood thiocyanate concentration in Thai native beef cattle. Four Thai male native beef cattle, initial body weight (BW) of 130 + 20.0 kg, were used in this study. The experiments were randomly assigned according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The main factors were supplemented fresh CR levels (1.0 and 1.5% BW) and across to a feed block supplemented with sulfur added 2% (FBS-2) and 4% (FBS-4). Intakes of rice straw, concentrate diets, and FBS were not affected by treatments. Intakes of CR, sulfur, and total intake were significantly altered by the FBS treatment. The apparent dry matter and organic matter digestibility coefficient were significantly higher in animals fed FBS-4 than in those fed FBS-2. The ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration was not affected by treatment and ranged from 15.6 to 17.6 mg/dl. Populations of protozoa and fungal zoospores were similar across treatments, whereas the bacterial population was significantly different between sulfur levels in the feed block. Feeding CR with FBS did not change total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations and VFA profiles except for the propionic acid concentration, which was higher in the group with CR supplementation at 1.5% BW. Cattle fed CR with FBS showed similar blood urea nitrogen concentration at various feeding times and overall. In contrast, CR supplementation at 1.5% BW with FBS-2 increased blood thiocyanate concentrations. Therefore, supplementation of FBS-2 was beneficial to Thai native beef cattle fed with 1.5% BW fresh CR as it improved digestibility and rumen fermentation presumed, because HCN from fresh cassava root was converted into thiocyanate, which is nontoxic to farm animals.