Sunalini Kondapally | Koneru Lakshmaiah (original) (raw)

Papers by Sunalini Kondapally

An Anthology of Critical Essays Eds Dr. Ashish Gupta & Waman.Kumar Wani Newman Publications, Parbhani. Oct 15 2015. ISBN 978-93—83871-78-0 , 2015

Arundhati Roy also throws light on the caste system prevailing in post-independent India. It is t... more Arundhati Roy also throws light on the caste system prevailing in post-independent India. It is the minority perspective that the readers get in her debut novel The God of Small Things. Roy’s exemplary protagonists belong to an upper caste woman and a lower caste man who face big deal of oppressive social norms which denies them justice and dignity. The novel mirrors the double moral standards prevalent in the society. These norms subjugate and reduce the woman and the untouchable to a peripheral and precarious existence. The God of Small Things has attracted the attention of the Left circles for the inappropriate portrayal of the Communist leader E.M.S Namboodripad who is described in the novel as a “flamboyant Brahmin high priest of Marxism in Kerala’s”, “Soviet Stooge” (Roy 1997 67) The social and political criticism reflected in the novel centers on the caste question, gender issue and environmental problem. These issues are not separately handled, however they crisscross in becoming the ideological center of the book. Roy endorses the position taken by Dalits and Untouchables in the country at present. To her credit Roy received Dalit Sahitya Academy Award in 1999. Except the untouchable Velutha, all the other characters in the novel are guilty of caste prejudice. Spread of Christianity in India could not destroy the hold of Hinduism. It indeed strengthened some of the worst practices of Hinduism like untouchability. The converted Christians were denied the privileges available to the so called untouchables among the Hindus. The caste-consciousness among Christians makes Kochu Maria wear kunuku because otherwise “how would people know that despite her lowly cook’s job she was a Syrian Christian, Mar Thomite? Not a Pelaya or a Paravan. But a Touchable upper caste Christian” (170) Roy projects the arm-chair ideology of the Comrades Chacko and K.N.M.Pillai. Both of them were Capitalists – owners of Paradise pickles and a Printing press respectively. Velutha is resented by other ‘touchable’ workers in the pickle factory just because of his low caste origin, a paravan. Even Com.Pillai is not from prejudice. He not only panders to the deep-rooted caste prejudice existing in Kerala society but takes pride in his wife Kalyani for not allowing a paravan to enter their house. Pillai was aware of the fact that the “Other touchable workers resented Velutha” (121). He has no qualms about letting Velutha be tortured and killed by the police and makes no attempt to protect or even help him. Roy obviously blames such comrades whose speech is saturated with Marxism jargon but the spirit is missing for the collapse of the Communist Movement in Kerala. The Communist betrayal party-card –holding Velutha is doubly tragic because Pillai uses the opportunity to rouse the workers against the management of Paradise Pickles. It is this unusual and unhealthy combination of casteism and Communism that Roy disapproves of. A number of Paravans, Pelayas and Pulayas were converted to Christianity but they could not escape from the clutches of untouchability. They were not absorbed into the Christianity totally. Roy explains that the caste taboos actually began thousands of years ago:

Critical Evaluation of Contemporary Indian Poetry in English. Ed. K.V. Dominic. New Delhi”Access,Authors Press ISBN 978-81-921254-3-5 , 2013

A.K.Ramanujan is a well noted expatriate poet of twentieth century who was brought up in a multil... more A.K.Ramanujan is a well noted expatriate poet of twentieth century who was brought up in a multilingual environment and mastered the languages like Tamil, Kannada, Telugu, Sanskrit and English. He was a scholar, philologist, folklorist, translator, poet and playwright who published the works of classical and modern interests. His contribution to the South Asian studies has been highly acclaimed in various American Universities. He received the Padmasri Award from the Government of India in 1976 and also the recipient of Mac Arthur Fellowship in 1983. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1990. He was successful in combining the native tradition with English language. Though he was influenced by the western life style, he could not withdraw himself from the traditions of Hinduism and its cultural values.
Ramanujan’s four volumes of poetry are; The Striders (1966) Relations (1977) Second Sight (1986) The Collected Poems (1995). After his sudden demise in 1993, his wife and friends published his The Uncollected Poems in 1995. Later on The Uncollected Essays of A .K. Ramanujan was published in 1999. His themes of poetry revolve around family, society, culture, religion and the institution of marriage.

Feminine Fragrance: Reflections On Women’s Writing In English. Ed. Nawale Aravind. Gnosis New Delhi 2012 . ISBN 978-93-81030-29-8 , 2012

Commenting on the turn Indian English novel has taken in the recent past V.T. Girdhari (79) says ... more Commenting on the turn Indian English novel has taken in the recent past V.T. Girdhari (79) says that the nature of themes has changed from social to individual. And he goes on to make a sweeping generalization that with the big trio (Raja Rao, Mulk Raj Anand and R.K Narayan) it was a novel with a purpose, a sense of cause unlike the contemporary novelists whose sole concern has shifted to the complexities of man-woman relationships and the subtleties of feminine consciousness. He seems to be unaware of the fact that whatever the degree of relative focus on the individual characters vis-à-vis the social back drop the writer brings to his work a perspective and a world view. Writers invariably include enough social reality to ground their characters in the fictional world. The fact that the thematic focus is on man-woman relationships does not in any way diminish the quality of the new writing. In fact Shashi Deshpande maintains that it is difficult "to control the flow of creative writing within the narrow banks of political and social reform, or of any message at all" (Naik 26). She seems to agree with Saul Bellow that the messages are for Western Union to give. What the writer does is to try and make sense of life for herself and incidentally for the reader, as she puts it "That, as a writer, I am interested above all in an individual human being, that her understanding of herself is, to me, the real goal is never understood" "To her the writer's integrity is far more important than any avowed purpose"(Naik 28). She further says "In our country, the idea that the writer should adhere to a cause is actually a pointer both to the importance of the writer and the need for social reform. Certainly, no one, least of all a writer, who is supposed to have a greater sensitivity, can ignore the social and political realities of our lives. And most writers, good writers that is, do not ignore them. But once again I have to emphasize that it is the effect to these things on a person that interests the writer" (Naik 28). With the emergence of Indian Women Novelists on the scene the image of woman as a silent sufferer and as the main source of sustenance of Indian family life and culture at the expense of her autonomy and happiness gave way to an independent, self-willed, free thinking individual-claiming her life to be her own. Idealized, self-abnegating and self-effacing traditional woman has become a passé. In the hands of women novelists like Anita Desai, Shashi Deshpande, Nayantara Sahgal, Namita Gokhale, Arundhathi Roy and others woman is allowed to be her own gravitational force beyond the pull of patriarchy.

Indian Writing in English: Critical Perspectives. Bite,Vishwanath and Nawale, Aravind, Jaipur: Aavishkar Publishers, ISBN 978-81-7910-344-9, 2011

asserts that there is no such thing as a moral or an immoral book. Books are all well written, or... more asserts that there is no such thing as a moral or an immoral book. Books are all well written, or badly written. Although literature and moral issues have been firmly intertwined for centuries, the relatively new trends of poststructuralism are breaking down the role of morality within literature and thereby demystifying it as a subject of major contention and interest in texts. Postmodernism operates under the assumption that there is no solidified truth and that the world is entirely subjective in its assessments of morality, with stigmas and preconceptions about the 'essential' human experience consciously flung aside, many issues in texts including morality can be examined with an increasingly objective critical eye, both as a singular element and in context with the surrounding world and its influence. While structuralism is based on revealing the core function of elements within a larger framework, Roland Barthes provides an overarching system into which the functions of literary elements can fit. His work involved the uncovering of 'myths' in human experience. By Barthes' definition myths are attractive stories designed to simplify life which runs, largely unconsciously, through the stream of society. The myths are passed from individual to individual, subtly imbued in written texts and other forms of communication. Barthes' concept of 'myth' provides a context for poststructuralist theorists to identify and isolate these undercurrents within literature, exposing them as aspects of a text for consideration rather

Pragati’s English Journal Peer Reviewed Open Access Journal (ISSN 0975-4091), 2019

Dattani as a bold playwright has created a new generationwhich deals with many of the invisible i... more Dattani as a bold playwright has created a new generationwhich deals with many of the invisible issues of society.Through the characters of one of his most popular dramas'Brief Candle', he has depicted the desperate longing ofpeople to cling to life which is not strongly realized as long asthey are happy with whatever is happening to them but ismade active when they understand that they are contractedwith a deadly disease like Cancer. Dattani has delineated thehardest side of life in the most delicate style where one isforced to do things which are generally considered not morallygood and even sinful. This paper aims at analyzing thepsychological struggle undergone by various characters ofthe play by mainly applying id, ego, superego theory anddefense mechanisms proposed by Sigmund Freud andEgocentric theory of Jean Piaget. It also attempts to highlightthe dexterity of Dattani in delineating the deep emotions ofindividuals which are best understood when experiencedrather listened to. The title Brief Candle implies the transient nature of life thatmakes people experience the inexplicable pain when they know thattheir life will end soon. It further signifies the importance of leading alife of no regrets as this helps people leave this world without anyguilt since the feeling of guilt gives more pain than the truth ofleaving the world. This play predominantly deals with the theme ofdeath while other themes like sexism, free will, women oppressionand religion also find their role. Dattani has shown his brilliance byusing the technique Play within the play to explore the pains andsufferings of cancer patients who are kept

Online International Interdisciplinary Research Journal. ISSN 2249-9598,, 2019

Jane Austen submitted the novel for publication between 1796 and 1797 with the title First Impres... more Jane Austen submitted the novel for publication between 1796 and 1797 with the title First Impressions. Later it was changed to Pride and Prejudice and published in 1813. Though unmarried, Austen gave the definition of marriage in Pride and Prejudice. She exemplifies arranged marriage, love marriage and eloped marriage but not a broken marriage. She is considered a sentimentalist rather than a romanticist as her themes are, sociological, realistic and universal in appeal. Though Pride and Prejudice was branded as a feminist novel in British Regency period, its contemporary relevance can be marked as a novel of gender sensitization. Women in the novel are not oppressed or suppressed instead their feelings and emotions are dealt with utmost care and concern by men. Austen signifies the importance of faith, love and understanding between men and women before they enter the institution of marriage. The present paper tries to critically approach both feminist and masculine perspectives juxtaposing the two genders in modern perspectives of gender sensitization.

International Journal of English Language and Literature in Humanities (2321-7065), 2018

Vocabulary plays a significant role in second language acquisition. Expanding vocabulary is indis... more Vocabulary plays a significant role in second language acquisition. Expanding vocabulary is indispensible in the acquisition of language. The tertiary level students (undergraduates) often fumble and grope for words when they are asked to make presentations, participate in group discussions or write a piece of composition. This lack of confidence can be attributed to their low level of vocabulary. Unmindful of the importance of vocabulary in language learning, learners tend to neglect and do not focus much in the enrichment of vocabulary. Eventually, learners could face difficulty in comprehending and reach the target level of communicative competence. This might pose a serious threat to their academic and professional success.This study attempts to learn the perceptions of ESL learners through a questionnaire survey. The paper also tries to identify the difficulties in the process of

International Journal of English Language and Literature in Humanities (2321-7065), 2018

Badal Sircar is one of the most acclaimed and widely read authors who have made enormous contribu... more Badal Sircar is one of the most acclaimed and widely read authors who have made enormous contributions to Indian drama with their path-breaking and highly thought provoking works. Sircar’s characters serve to illustrate their psychological struggle at a deeper level that results in neurosis leading to suicidal tendencies. Sircar expounds the societal pressures and influences on the individuals of the successive generations. Sircar’s Life of Bagala signifies the role of the society in an individual’s personal and professional growth. An individual’s dependency on the society may result in two major possibilities; satisfaction of instinctual needs by gratifying the pleasure or dissatisfaction of the needs by causing insecurity. According to Freud, man has to endure with the pains caused by his own body, from the society and from human relationships. In order to deal with the pain, man may prefer to be all alone by spending his time in isolation or control the intensity of the instincts by sublimation, or to create his own world where there is no place for the hardest and cruellest forms of reality. Sircar has elegantly depicted the psychological struggle of individuals through his characters though he predominantly aims at elevating the social evils. This paper attempts to analyze the psychological struggle of a character called Bagala, a protagonist of Life of Bagala by Badal Sircar, in the light of Freudian psychoanalysis and explicate the adverse influence of sociological factors on him.

Jane Austen is one of the most famous women writers of the nineteenth century. Her novel Pride an... more Jane Austen is one of the most famous women writers of the nineteenth century. Her novel Pride and Prejudice (1813) deals with the position of women and their social expectations, most of which are related to marriage. The protagonist of this novel represents a unique response to those expectations, which is a product of her way of thinking. Women in the nineteenth century did not have much choice when it came to their future. They could either get married or become governesses if they were educated enough. Their life was shaped mostly by their families which tried to find them a husband who would support them. Austen's heroine Elizabeth, is self-reliant and unconventional woman who marry the man she love. The other characters, such as Lydia and Mrs. Bennet represent women whose ultimate goal in life is connected to marriage. Charlotte Lucas represents women who marry out of necessity and Jane Fairfax embodies the women who are strong and ready to do anything in the name of love. Accordingly, all those women represent different female responses to social norms and to their own position in the society. Jane Austen was a British writer who was dynamic during the Regency period. Pride and Prejudice (1813) is her most popular novel. It deals with the life of Elizabeth Bennet, who is the second of five daughters in the Bennet family. The main aim of this paper is to demonstrate that these characters speak to a female representation to certain social standards concerning their life. This paper depicts the identities of Elizabeth, Mrs. Bennet, Jane Bennet, Lydia and Kitty are the important characters from Pride and Prejudice. The description concentrates on the women characters identities and their social circumstance in order to show how their actions and decisions are formed by their position in and their view on society. Pride and Prejudice is based particularly in the mid nineteenth century under the Victorian Age. Even when a female representative was administering the nation, women did not have any options for their lives, they were viewed as ideal, saints and pure, so as saints they had no

Pune Research: An International Journal in English ( 2454-3454) , 2017

(TG) INDIA (AP) INDIA Proficiency in English language in today's global world opens doors to worl... more (TG) INDIA (AP) INDIA Proficiency in English language in today's global world opens doors to worldwide technology and commerce. Effective language skills empower professionals to face challenges in academic as well as professional lives. So, language should be learnt inside the classroom to use it in the outside world. The objective of any language classroom is to get the learners use the language with competency. The role of a language teacher is to expose learners to the target language by giving them continuous practice through various language activities while ensuring learner's interest and motivation. This is possible when learners are truly engaged in the learning process through different activities/tasks This paper focuses on the role of activities/tasks which are tailor-made to the needs of the learners in order to ensure their active involvement in the learning process instead of just imparting knowledge monotonously. Such a classroom adds variety to regular, passive learning and improves the efficiency of the learners thus creating a positive environment for language learning.

LangLit An International Peer-Reviewed Open Access Journal ( 2349-5189), 2017

Bapsi Sidhwa's third novel Ice-Candy Man was published in 1991. In America, her publishers Milkwe... more Bapsi Sidhwa's third novel Ice-Candy Man was published in 1991. In America, her publishers Milkweed Editions published it under the title of Cracking India. Using a child narrator named Lenny, the novelist presents the Kaleidoscopically changing socio political realities of the Indian sub-continent just before the partition. This extremely sensitive story takes up the themes of communal tensions, using religion as a way to define individual identity, territorial cravings political opportunism, power and love, and brings them together in a very readable narrative. Ice-Candy Man was filmed as a motion picture by Deepa Mehta with the title "Earth 1947". The movie does not include many incidents and characters of the novel but it has been successful in retaining the spirit of the novel. Ice-Candy Man comprises thirty-two chapters and gives us a glimpse into the events of turmoil on the Indian subcontinent during partition. Historical truth is the backdrop of the novel.

Research Journal of English Language and Literature (RJELAL) 2395-2636, 2017

God, Graves and Grandmother is a parody on present-day India. Namita Gokhale has skilfully hung d... more God, Graves and Grandmother is a parody on present-day India. Namita Gokhale has skilfully hung different scenes like globules of a rosary to depict the seamier side of Indian life and morality. This is a enthralling and gripping book that wears its numerous complexities daintily. It will keep on haunting its readers long after they have put it down. Namita Gokhale's God, Graves and Grandmother is a hot and frequently horrible "Indian" novel about commitment (profane, fake and genuine), grandmothers, singing, abjection and pickling. After Midnight's Children and Small Things, pickling has progressed toward becoming a significant Indo-Anglian theme. It was justifiable that love, death became Namita's obsession. Obsession with death and love brought about two books: God, Graves and Grandmother composed after she beat cancer and the non-fiction Mountain Echos. Regardless of tragedies in her own life, she finds 'a lot of enchantment in regular daily life which is to be found, she gives a straight opinion that suffering is a great incentive to growth and failure is more significant than success. It uncovers and re-characterizes character.

Journal of The English Literator Society (JELS) Online ISSN 2455-393X , 2016

Chetan Bhagat is the most influential personalities among the contemporary Indian writers, who co... more Chetan Bhagat is the most influential personalities among the contemporary Indian writers, who correlates the literature with the society. Not only iterature comforts, consoles, illuminates and mirrors the human problems but also affirms and reinforces social, Political and ideological stand points. This definition is highly suitable for Bhagat's works. One fine example is One Night @ Call Center. The novel is about six people working at the Connexions, call center. The unique feature of the novel is-a phone call from God. The paper critically examines the life of the people at the call center and tries to explore the themes of Liberty, Individualism and Team spirit.

The Context ISSN 2349-4948, 2015

Shobha De is an eminent Indian novelist, who is often known as India's Jackie Collins. Second Tho... more Shobha De is an eminent Indian novelist, who is often known as India's Jackie Collins. Second Thoughts (1996) is the seventh novel of Shobha De. The present research paper attempts to explore the elements of marital relations, self-centred nature, woman's sexuality and treatment of woman as the other sex. It focuses on the agony of Maya who always treats her husband through her negative mind and ultimately neglects his thoughts. Instead of understanding her husband's mind-set, she always criticises him. Shobha De explores how she is thirst for and her desires and sex with another man, which throw her into misery and loneliness. The novel reflects the keen To cite this article: Nirmala, Kumari and K K Sunalini. "Resistance and Reconciliation of Maya in Shobha De's Second Thoughts". The Context, 2.2 (2015): 145-61. Web.

European Academic Research Volume , 2015

Literary texts are increasingly read as constructs of specific historical conditions and circumst... more Literary texts are increasingly read as constructs of specific historical conditions and circumstances. New Historicism views history as a narrative construction involving a relationship of past and present concerns. It involves Gadamer"s hermeneutic understanding of the past as constructed in relation to a present which is also a development out of that past, Hyden White"s view of history as narrative construction or "stories", and Bakhtin"s articulation of all human utterances (including literary texts) as social acts which are multi-accentual and available for divergent uses. The new historicist focuses on the multiple contradictory material practices which embed each historical event or expressive act as contexts of production and reception. White says, "… historiography aspires to the condition of science by presenting a third-person narrative which appears to be the reflection of events as they are inherently structured by the process of history. Historiography gathers its authority by seeming to dispense with authorial voice, by simulating scientific discourse which appears to reflect the way the world simply is". He observes that "real" events, however, never tell their own stories and that history is always a process of making the real into an object of desire through manipulations of voice and temporality. After the empire, there was felt a need to cancel the colonial stereotypes as part of the decolonization process. The writers searched for evidence in the rich and varied pre-colonial existence. The urge to rewrite the past grew as it offered a base-ideological and narration on which they attempted to "see" the past-present sequential in a new order from a perspective each has to invent for him / herself. The Sea of Poppies by Amitav Ghosh is a re-telling of the present through the eyes of the past. Ghosh emphasizes the

International Journal of Multicultural Literature. ISSN 2231-6248, 2011

Anne Tyler was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, in 1941 and grew up in Raleigh, North Carolina. Ty... more Anne Tyler was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, in 1941 and grew up in Raleigh, North Carolina. Tyler spent her childhood in Quaker communities. She graduated at nineteen from Duke University and went on to do graduate work in Russian studies at Columbia University. She was married to an Iranian Psychiatrist and novelist late Taghi Mohammad Modarressi. Tyler considers her ninth novel, The Dinner at Homesick Restaurant as her best work. Her tenth novel The Accidental Tourist was awarded The National Book Critics Circle Award in 1985. Her eleventh novel Breathing Lessons received the Pulitzer Prize in 1989.
The present paper makes an attempt to critically analyze the aspect of multiculturalism in Tyler’s seventeenth novel Digging to America. She focuses on the issues of cultural clashes, crisis in identity and what it means to belong and what makes someone an outsider. Multiculturalism is a commonly used jargon just like feminism and postmodernism. The term multiculturalism has diasporic career with numerous debates about the politics of cultural difference, the ‘limits of tolerance’ and the future of nation’s identity. Integration is the basis for a multicultural society in which the cultures influence one another. Buchanan Patrick suggests that “Multiculturalism was mainly intended as a formula for promoting the integration of immigrants into American society and for the enrichment and revitalization of American culture (Patrick 2006). Digging to America is about two families which depicts the events and experiences in the lives of two families namely the Donaldsons and the Yazdons who become friends at the Baltimore airport when they come to receive Korean babies for adoption. These little girls give a new direction, hope and purpose to their parents and grand parents. Reviewing the novel Adam Mars-Jones says,

” Langlit An International Peer Reviewed Open Access Journal, 2019

Flipped classroom teaching is a modern approach employed by the teachers globally. It is teacher... more Flipped classroom teaching is a modern approach employed by the teachers globally.
It is teacher/learner-centered method with blended learning that overrides the
traditional learning environment. The instructional content is shared with the students before the teacher lectures in the class. Students come to the classroom with prior preparation to carry on the activities. Their participation leads to collaborative learning. Students form their groups to discuss the topic more in-depth and later make presentations. Teachers provide video recordings, DVDs, audio-video podcasts, web-based links, YouTube clippings, and also provide stories, novels, case studies, newspaper columns. Learners utilize the resources at their pace and place of learning. This creates a flexible and personalized learning environment. During class time, the students discuss in pairs and make peer presentations which enhances their team skills. The teacher facilitates and responds to students‘ questions whenever they need guidance and feedback. Teacher's interaction with students in a flipped classroom is more personalized and less didactic, and students are actively involved in knowledge acquisition and construction as they participate and evaluate their learning. The
present paper tries to analyze the application of the flipped model pedagogy incorporated with collaborative learning.

Online International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, 2019

Shodh Samiksha Aur Mulyankan, 2017

Commenting on the ongoing debates on Chetan Bhagat's literary qualities is itself identifying him... more Commenting on the ongoing debates on Chetan Bhagat's literary qualities is itself identifying him as the author who has to be studied and judged well and just cannot be ignored as demeaning. Author of ten novels, he made an open statement that he is not looking for Booker prize and said that he wants to reach as many people as he can, through books, films or other media of entertainment. His literary venture is for different reasons He aspires to reach the contemporary human realities. It is a misconception if anyone says that his books are written exclusively from the male point of view, however he sensitizes the delicate emotions of men and women in broader compass who in turn struggle for identity in achieving their goals. It is pathetic when reviewers call Chetan Bhagat's fiction as trash literature because of its simple English. Rightly pointed out by Ankit Dubey in Quora "Yes, his writing style is nothing compared to an Ayn Rand, a Rohinton Mistry or a Khad Hosseini, but someone who is selling so much must be doing something right"(Quora 2014). It is sympathetic that most of the reviewers stamp the literary quality of a novel without even reading it.