Kazushi Hatase | Kobe University (original) (raw)
Papers by Kazushi Hatase
In order to benefit the establishment of a new international agreement against global warming und... more In order to benefit the establishment of a new international agreement against global warming under the Durban Platform, a new global emission pathway named Z650 was proposed based on the schemes of zero-emission and overshoot 1), 2). Examinations of climate science indicated that the Z650 could avoil long-term risks while meeting the short-term need of relative large emissions. Global energy system optimization suggested an economically rational and technologically feasible long-term global energy mix could be achieved based on the current and foreseeable technologies to realize the Z650. However, it is necessary to make sure that the emission pathway is advisable or favourable for the actual use in the actual world. Therefore, this paper investigates the comprehensive impacts of the Z650 to the economy as a whole.
At the Group of Eight (G8) Summit of 2009, the powerful industrialized countries that attended th... more At the Group of Eight (G8) Summit of 2009, the powerful industrialized countries that attended the summit declared that the global mean temperature must not exceed 2 °C above pre-industrial levels, a decision made in recognition of the scientific findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). However, maintaining temperature rises within 2 °C of pre-industrial levels is quite a stringent target, considering the prospect of future emissions increases from developing countries. Practical strategies to keep temperature change below this limit remain in the planning stage. However, the mere fact that a target has been agreed upon amounts to progress. During negotiations on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions, the international community failed to reach any such agreement. The Kyoto Protocol, which was initially adopted in 1997, obliged industrialized countries to reduce their total emissions of six GHGs by at least 5 percent for the 2008-2012 period relative to emissions levels in 1990. However, the Kyoto Protocol did not establish mandated targets for GHG emissions reductions for developing countries, despite the predictions that future emissions from developing countries would be larger than those from industrialized countries. This contradiction later led to a severe altercation between the industrialized countries and developing countries over their respective obligations with respect to GHG emissions reductions. For example, at the 15th Conference of Parties (COP-15) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change held in Copenhagen in 2009, industrialized countries demanded that legally binding targets for GHG emissions reductions be imposed on developing countries, resulting in a fierce confrontation between the two groups. Furthermore, although industrialized countries largely had agreed on the direction of the GHG emissions reduction policy since 1990, differences of opinion became apparent at COP-15. In short, practical policies on climate change mitigation have not been fully established, particularly because of tensions between industrialized and developing countries.
Plant and Cell Physiology, 1990
Environmental Economics and Policy Studies, 2015
This study examines the mechanisms of social cost of carbon (SCC) and marginal abatement cost (MA... more This study examines the mechanisms of social cost of carbon (SCC) and marginal abatement cost (MAC) in climate change modeling. To examine these mechanisms, we observed the shifts in the marginal benefit (MB) and marginal cost (MC) curves of carbon dioxide (CO 2) abatement when parameter values are changed. In the observation, we used the DICE model proposed by Nordhaus (A question of balance: weighing the options on global warming policies. Yale University Press, New Haven, 2008) changing 24 parameters for the observation. In consequent, firstly, we have found that discount rate is not only one of the parameters which significantly raise the carbon price, that is, other parameters may have significant impact too. Secondly, we have found that there are two patterns in the rise of the SCC, and three patterns in the rise of the MAC. Thirdly, we have found that the difference between the rise of the SCC and MAC is primarily caused by the horizontal MB curve in CO 2 emissions reduction; an upward shift of MC curve raises MAC but never raises the SCC. Thus, the choice of the SCC or MAC may make the change of carbon price different, affecting global warming policy.
In order to benefit the establishment of a new international agreement against global warming und... more In order to benefit the establishment of a new international agreement against global warming under the Durban Platform, a new global emission pathway named Z650 was proposed based on the schemes of zero-emission and overshoot 1), 2). Examinations of climate science indicated that the Z650 could avoil long-term risks while meeting the short-term need of relative large emissions. Global energy system optimization suggested an economically rational and technologically feasible long-term global energy mix could be achieved based on the current and foreseeable technologies to realize the Z650. However, it is necessary to make sure that the emission pathway is advisable or favourable for the actual use in the actual world. Therefore, this paper investigates the comprehensive impacts of the Z650 to the economy as a whole.
At the Group of Eight (G8) Summit of 2009, the powerful industrialized countries that attended th... more At the Group of Eight (G8) Summit of 2009, the powerful industrialized countries that attended the summit declared that the global mean temperature must not exceed 2 °C above pre-industrial levels, a decision made in recognition of the scientific findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). However, maintaining temperature rises within 2 °C of pre-industrial levels is quite a stringent target, considering the prospect of future emissions increases from developing countries. Practical strategies to keep temperature change below this limit remain in the planning stage. However, the mere fact that a target has been agreed upon amounts to progress. During negotiations on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions, the international community failed to reach any such agreement. The Kyoto Protocol, which was initially adopted in 1997, obliged industrialized countries to reduce their total emissions of six GHGs by at least 5 percent for the 2008-2012 period relative to emissions levels in 1990. However, the Kyoto Protocol did not establish mandated targets for GHG emissions reductions for developing countries, despite the predictions that future emissions from developing countries would be larger than those from industrialized countries. This contradiction later led to a severe altercation between the industrialized countries and developing countries over their respective obligations with respect to GHG emissions reductions. For example, at the 15th Conference of Parties (COP-15) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change held in Copenhagen in 2009, industrialized countries demanded that legally binding targets for GHG emissions reductions be imposed on developing countries, resulting in a fierce confrontation between the two groups. Furthermore, although industrialized countries largely had agreed on the direction of the GHG emissions reduction policy since 1990, differences of opinion became apparent at COP-15. In short, practical policies on climate change mitigation have not been fully established, particularly because of tensions between industrialized and developing countries.
Plant and Cell Physiology, 1990
Environmental Economics and Policy Studies, 2015
This study examines the mechanisms of social cost of carbon (SCC) and marginal abatement cost (MA... more This study examines the mechanisms of social cost of carbon (SCC) and marginal abatement cost (MAC) in climate change modeling. To examine these mechanisms, we observed the shifts in the marginal benefit (MB) and marginal cost (MC) curves of carbon dioxide (CO 2) abatement when parameter values are changed. In the observation, we used the DICE model proposed by Nordhaus (A question of balance: weighing the options on global warming policies. Yale University Press, New Haven, 2008) changing 24 parameters for the observation. In consequent, firstly, we have found that discount rate is not only one of the parameters which significantly raise the carbon price, that is, other parameters may have significant impact too. Secondly, we have found that there are two patterns in the rise of the SCC, and three patterns in the rise of the MAC. Thirdly, we have found that the difference between the rise of the SCC and MAC is primarily caused by the horizontal MB curve in CO 2 emissions reduction; an upward shift of MC curve raises MAC but never raises the SCC. Thus, the choice of the SCC or MAC may make the change of carbon price different, affecting global warming policy.